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{{for|the genus of moths|Loryma (moth)}}
{{short description|Ancient town in Asia Minor}}
'''Loryma''' ({{langx|grc|τὰ Λόρυμα or Λώρυμα}}) was an ancient town and [[episcopal see]] of [[ancient Caria]], in [[Asia Minor]] ([[Anatolia]], Asian Turkey). It is now listed as a [[titular see]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 918</ref> Loryma was a fortified place with a port, close to [[Cape Cynossema]], on the westernmost point of the [[Rhodian Chersonesus]], in Caria. Its harbour was about 20 [[Roman mile]]s distant from [[Rhodes]]<ref>{{Cite Livy|37.17, 45.10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Stephanus|''s.v.''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Pliny|5.29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Ptolemy|5.2.11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Thucydides|8.43}}</ref><ref>[[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], ''Quaest. Nat.'' 3.19; {{cite encyclopedia|title=The Civil Wars (B.C.)|author=[[Appian]]|volume= 4.72}}</ref> and was belonging to the Rhodians.<ref name = "Appian">[https://topostext.org/work/498#4.9.72 Appian, Civil Wars, §4.9.72]</ref>
[[Strabo]] applies the name Loryma to the whole of the rocky district, without mentioning the town.<ref>{{Cite Strabo|xiv. p.652}}</ref> The Larumna of [[Pomponius Mela]]<ref>{{Cite Mela|1.16}}</ref> and the Lorimna of the ''[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]'' perhaps refer to Loryma, although it is also possible that they may be identical with a place called Larymna mentioned by [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] in the same district.

== Location ==

Loryma was a small fortified town and harbour on the coast of Caria, not far from Cape Cynossema, at the western extremity of the peninsula known as [[Rhodian Chersonesus]], opposite to and twenty Roman miles from [[Rhodes]] island.<ref name=CE>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09365a.htm Sophrone Pétridès, "Loryma" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1910)]</ref> It was a fortified and was belonging to the Rhodians.<ref name = "Appian"/>

Its ruins, west of Port Aplothiki, with towers, tombs and ramparts are described by [[William Martin Leake]] (''Asia Minor'', 223).<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=loryma-geo William Smith, ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography'' (1854)]</ref> The site was later explored by the British antiquaries [[James Theodore Bent|Theodore]] and [[Mabel Bent]] in March 1888.<ref>J.T. Bent, ‘Discoveries in Asia Minor’, ''The Journal of Hellenic Studie''s, 1888, Vol. 9, pp. 82-7; ''The Travel Chronicles of Mrs J Theodore Bent'', vol. 1, Oxford, 2006, pp. 225-54.</ref>

Above the bay of Loryma (modern Bozuk Bükü) lie the ruins of a curtain wall surrounding the top of the hill. Constructed from large blocks of stone shaped in-situ, the remaining walls (up to several metres high on the outside) retain very precise corners and sheer faces.

== Ecclesiastical history ==

Up to the 12th and 13th centuries, the ''[[Notitiæ episcopatuum]]'' mention Loryma as one of the [[suffragan]] sees of the [[Metropolitan of Stauropolis|Stauropolis]], the metropolitan see of Caria. [[Le Quien]] names three bishops of Loryma:<ref name="Le Quien">{{Oriens Christianus|volume=1|article=Ecclesia Lorymorum|at=cols. 915–916}}</ref>
*George, present at the [[Third Council of Constantinople|Council of Constantinople]] in 680
*Anthimus at the [[Second Council of Nicaea]] in 787
*Joseph at the [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)|Council of Constantinople]] in 879.

{{anchor|Titular see}}The see also exists as a [[titular see]] in the [[Catholic Church]]. Its bishops are:<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2l79.html |title=Loryma (Titular See) |encyclopedia=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]] |publisher=David M. Cheney |date=17 March 2023 |accessdate=14 March 2024}}</ref>
*[[Antonio Laghi]], [[Order of Friars Minor|O.F.M.]] (1715, appointed – 1727)
*[[Francesco Saraceni]], O.F.M. (1728, appointed – 1742)
*[[Jan Krasiński]] (1748, appointed – 1760)
*[[Jan Szemiot]] (1760, appointed – 1762)
*[[Bishop of Raphoe|Anthony Coyle]] (1777, appointed – 1782)
*[[Jan Nepomucen Kossakowski]] (1793, appointed – 1794)
*[[Georgius Połubiński]] (1796, appointed – 1801)
*[[Luis Gregorio López Castillo]] (1815, appointed – 1825)
*[[Vitaliano Provenzano]] (1839, appointed – 1857)
*[[Valentino Baranowski]] (1857, appointed – 1871)
*[[Stefano Pribék de Ville]] (1872, appointed – 1902)
*[[Francisco García y López]] (1903, appointed – 1909)
*[[George William Mundelein]] (1909, appointed – 1915)
*[[Adolf Józef Jełowicki]] (1918, appointed – 1937)
*[[Eugène Curien]] (1937, appointed – 1947)
*[[Vittorio Longo]] (1956, appointed – 1974)

==Literary reference==

The British traveler and writer [[Freya Stark]] visited Loryma and wrote concerning the historical significance of its sheltered harbor:
<blockquote>
In the stillness of Loryma we spent the night.  The wind could be heard howling outside, against the hills that enclosed our sheltered water as if it were a mountain tarn.  Only a fanning ripple touched the centre.  The sound of the wind, inarticulate and busy like the world’s voice, gave an illusion of safety, of an unassailable peace.  If it could penetrate, how many sleeping echoes would it waken?  Athenians from Samos, dodging the Dorian Cnidus, picking up ship’s tackle at Syme, sheltering at Loryma; Conon, before the battle, with his ninety ships; the Roman fleet that dared not face Hannibal in the offing; Cassius, gathering forces against Rhodes, twenty miles away.  Each in their turn passed through the narrow opening and felt the sudden calm.  In these places, the natural features have remained unaltered; the moments that visit them, fashioned to one pattern by nature itself, drop like beads on a string, through long pauses, one after the other, into the same silence.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1offll32_yUC&q=Loryma Freya Stark, ''The Lycian Shore'' (Tauris Parks Paperbacks 2011), pp. 100–101 (originally published in 1956)] {{ISBN|978-1-84885-312-6}}</ref></blockquote>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Loryma Citadel from the sea - 6 Jun 2013.jpg
File:Loryma Citadel round blocks from outside wall, 6 Jun 2013.jpg
File:Loryma Citadel tower blocks from inside wall, 6 Jun 2013.jpg
File:Loryma Citadel wall section, 6 Jun 2013.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DGRG|title=Loryma}}

{{Ancient settlements in Turkey}}

{{coord|36|33|58|N|28|00|55|E|region:TR-48_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia]]
[[Category:Populated places in ancient Caria]]

==External links==
[https://www.destinations.com.tr/loryma-ancient-city-marmaris/ Loryma Ancient City]