View source for Long March 1D

{{Short description|Chinese space rocket}}
{{Infobox rocket 
<!----Image (optional)---->
|image   = [[File:CZ-1D.png|upright|borderless|100px]] <!--image filename (omit "Image:" prefix), required-->
|image_size  =  <!--Size of image (omit "px" suffix), optional, defaults to 270px-->
|caption =  <!--caption, optional-->
<!----Core parameters (required)---->
|name           =  Long March 1D<ref name=b14643-cz1desc /><ref name=ea-cz1d /><ref name=sd-cz1 /><ref name=b14643-cz1design />
|function       =  [[Orbital spaceflight|Orbital]] [[launch vehicle]]
|manufacturer   =  [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]]
|country-origin =  China
<!----Costs (optional)---->
|pcost    =  <!--project cost, optional-->
|cpl      =  <!--cost per launch, optional-->
|alt-cpl  =  <!--cost in alternative currency, optional-->
<!----Dimensions (required)---->
|height       =  {{convert|28.22|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|diameter     =  {{convert|2.25|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|width        =  <!--width if not axisymmetric, use {{convert|WIDTH|m|abbr=on}}, optional-->
|mass         =  {{convert|81650|kg|abbr=on}}
|stages       =  3
<!----Payloads (optional)---->
|capacities =  <!--insert one of the following templates for each payload:-->
  {{Infobox rocket/payload
  |location =  [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
  |kilos    =  {{convert|930|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  }}
<!----Associated rockets (optional)---->
|family      =  [[Long March 1]]
|derivatives =  <!--derived rockets, optional-->
|comparable  =  [[Mu (rocket family)|Mu 1-3-4]]
<!----Launch history (required)---->
|status   = Retired
|sites    =  [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan]] [[Taiyuan Launch Complex 1|LC-1]]
|launches =  3
|success  =  2
|fail     =  1
|partial  =  <!--total number of launches resulting in partial failure (e.g. incorrect orbit but still usable), optional-->
|other_outcome =  <!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->
|first    =  1 June 1995
|last     =  3 January 2002
|only     =  <!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->
|payloads =  [[Atmospheric entry|reentry vehicle tests]]
<!--Stages/boosters (optional)-->
|stagedata    =  <!--insert one of the following templates for each stage:-->
  {{Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       =  stage
  |diff       =  <!--variant of rocket this is used on, optional-->
  |stageno    =  First
  |name       =  <!--name of the stage/booster, optional-->
  |number     =  <!--number of boosters, required if type = booster-->
  |length     =  {{convert|18.20|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |diameter   =  {{convert|2.25|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |width      =  <!--width of a single booster/stage if not axisymmetric, use {{convert|WIDTH|m|abbr=on}}, optional-->
  |empty      =  {{convert|4100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |gross      =  {{convert|65000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |propmass   =  {{convert|61100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |engines    =  1 [[YF-1#Modules|YF-2B]] (4 x [[YF-1|YF-1B]])<ref name=b14643-cz1prop />
  |solid      =  <!--set to "yes" (lowercase) to change Engines to Motor for solid motors-->
  |thrust     =  '''SL:''' {{convert|1101.2|kN|abbr=on}}<br />'''Vac:''' {{convert|1214.4|kN|abbr=on}}
  |total      =  <!--total thrust for all boosters in kN, use {{convert|THRUST|kN|abbr=on}}, optional-->
  |SI         =  '''SL:''' {{convert|242.5|isp}}<br />'''Vac:''' {{convert|267.4|isp}}
  |burntime   =  131.5 seconds
  |fuel       =  [[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]]/[[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]
  }}
  {{Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       =  stage
  |diff       =  <!--variant of rocket this is used on, optional-->
  |stageno    =  Second
  |name       =  <!--name of the stage/booster, optional-->
  |number     =  <!--number of boosters, required if type = booster-->
  |length     =  {{convert|6.04|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |diameter   =  {{convert|2.25|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |width      =  <!--width of a single booster/stage if not axisymmetric, use {{convert|WIDTH|m|abbr=on}}, optional-->
  |empty      =  {{convert|1620|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |gross      =  {{convert|14000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |propmass   =  {{convert|12380|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |engines    =  2 [[YF-40]]<ref name=b14643-cz1prop />
  |solid      =  <!--set to "yes" (lowercase) to change Engines to Motor for solid motors-->
  |thrust     =  {{convert|98.1|kN|abbr=on}}
  |total      =  <!--total thrust for all boosters in kN, use {{convert|THRUST|kN|abbr=on}}, optional-->
  |SI         =  {{convert|295.2|isp}}
  |burntime   =  365 seconds
  |fuel       =  [[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]]/[[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]
  }}
  {{Infobox rocket/stage
  |type       =  stage
  |diff       =  <!--variant of rocket this is used on, optional-->
  |stageno    =  Third
  |name       =  <!--name of the stage/booster, optional-->
  |number     =  <!--number of boosters, required if type = booster-->
  |length     =  {{convert|1.7|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |diameter   =  {{convert|2.05|m|ft|abbr=on}}
  |width      =  <!--width of a single booster/stage if not axisymmetric, use {{convert|WIDTH|m|abbr=on}}, optional-->
  |empty      =  {{convert|665|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |gross      =  {{convert|1315|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |propmass   =  '''Main''': {{convert|650|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br />'''[[Reaction control system|RCS]]''': {{convert|147|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
  |engines    =  '''Main''': [[FG-36]]  [[Solid-fuel rocket|SRM]]<br />'''RCS''': DaFY2-1 [[Monopropellant rocket|monopropellant]] thrusters<ref name=b14643-cz1prop />
  |solid      =  
  |thrust     =  {{convert|44|kN|abbr=on}}
  |total      =  <!--total thrust for all boosters in kN, use {{convert|THRUST|kN|abbr=on}}, optional-->
  |SI         =  {{convert|289|isp}}
  |burntime   =  43 seconds
  |fuel       =  '''Main''': [[Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene|HTPB]]/[[Ammonium perchlorate|AP]]<br />'''RCS''': [[hydrazine]]
  }}

}}

The '''Long March 1D''' was a member of China's [[Long March rocket family]]. During the 1990s [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]] developed an improved version of the [[DF-4]] to test the [[Atmospheric entry|reentry vehicle]] warheads of the [[DF-31]].<ref name=b14643-df3 /><ref name=sd-df3 /><ref name=sd-df4 /> They took advantage of this development and offered it as the '''Long March 1D''' for commercial application. The modifications included:
* An [[DF-4]] improved first stage, which used the new version of the [[YF-1#Modules|YF-2B]], and switched propellants to [[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]]/[[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]] for improved performance.
* The replacement of the DF-4 second stage motor [[YF-1#Variations|YF-3A]]. The proposed replacement was the [[Long March 4 (rocket family)|Long March 4]] third stage engine, the [[YF-40]].
* A new inline inter-stage would replace the existing tapered connector between the second and third stages, which allowed for an additional 70 cm diameter to be added to the third stage skirt. This would allow for the addition of [[Reaction control system|RCS]] to the third stage.
* A new third stage with a new motor, the [[FG-36]] and an optional RCS.
* A new computer inertial guidance system which enabled the third stage to be 3-axis stabilised for added precision.<ref name=b14643-cz1desc /><ref name=sd-cz1 />

The new design did not have a good reception and was only used for reentry vehicle tests. It flew three suborbital missions from [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan]] [[Taiyuan Launch Complex 1|LC-1]] with two successes and a failure on the final mission. The first launch was on June 1, 1995 and the second one was in November 1997. The final and failed launch was on January 3, 2002.<ref name=ea-cz1 /><ref name=ea-cz1fam /><ref name=gunter-cz1 />

==References==
* Data from ''Aerospace China'' magazine
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=b14643-cz1desc>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-1/Description/Text.htm |title=Chang Zheng CZ-1 & CZ-1D |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |access-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=b14643-cz1design>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-1/Design/CZ-1.htm |title=DF-4 & CZ-1 Design |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |access-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=b14643-cz1prop>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-1/Propulsion/engines.htm |title=Propulsion CZ-1 & CZ-1D |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |access-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=b14643-df3>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Diverse/DF-3/index.htm |title=The Chinese DF-3 missile |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017052030/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Diverse/DF-3/index.htm |archive-date=2015-10-17 }}</ref>
<ref name=ea-cz1>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020501081208/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 1, 2002 |title=CZ-1 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]] |access-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=ea-cz1d>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1d.htm |title=CZ-1D |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232235/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz1d.htm |archive-date=2013-12-30 }}</ref>
<ref name=ea-cz1fam>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/cz1.htm |title=CZ-1 |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203192605/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/cz1.htm |archive-date=2013-12-03 }}</ref>
<ref name=gunter-cz1>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm |title=CZ-1 (Chang Zheng-1) |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |author=Gunter Dirk Krebs |access-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=sd-cz1>{{cite web |url=http://sinodefence.com/rocketry/cz1/ |title=Chang Zheng-1 |publisher=SinoDefence |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716083542/http://sinodefence.com/rocketry/cz1/ |archive-date=2015-07-16 }}</ref>
<ref name=sd-df3>{{cite web |url=http://sinodefence.com/rocketry/df3/ |title=Dong Feng-3 (CSS-2) |publisher=SinoDefence |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123104048/http://sinodefence.com/rocketry/df3/ |archive-date=2015-11-23 }}</ref>
<ref name=sd-df4>{{cite web |url=http://sinodefence.com/rocketry/df4/ |title=Dong Feng-4 (CSS-3) |publisher=SinoDefence |access-date=2015-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123231851/http://sinodefence.com/rocketry/df4/ |archive-date=2015-11-23 }}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight|China}}
* [http://www.calt.com/ China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology]

{{Long March rockets}}
{{Chinese space program}}
{{expendable launch systems}}

[[Category:Long March (rocket family)]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1995]]


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