View source for Lohner L

{{No footnotes|date=January 2015}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
 |name=Lohner L
 |image=Lohner L.jpg
 |caption=
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
 |type=[[Reconnaissance aircraft|Reconnaissance]] [[flying boat]]
 |national origin=[[Austria-Hungary]]
 |manufacturer=[[Jacob Lohner Werke und Sohn|Lohner]], [[UFAG]], [[Hansa-Brandenburg]], [[Aermacchi|Macchi]]
 |designer=
 |first flight=ca. 1915
 |introduced=
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary user=
 |more users=
 |produced=
 |number built= >100
 |variants with their own articles=
}}
|}

The '''Lohner L''' was a [[reconnaissance]] [[flying boat]] produced in Austria-Hungary during [[World War I]]. It was a two-bay [[biplane]] of typical configuration for the flying boats of the day, with its [[Pusher configuration|pusher]] engine mounted on struts in the interplane gap. The pilot and observer sat side by side in an open [[cockpit]], and both the upper and lower sets of wings featured [[Swept wing|sweepback]].

==Development==
The design was essentially a more powerful version of the [[Lohner E]], and became highly influential. Apart from licensed production by [[UFAG]], the L provided the basis for designs by other major manufacturers. In [[Germany]], [[Hansa-Brandenburg]] manufactured a modified version of it as their first flying boat, the '''{{ill|Brandenburg FB|de|Hansa-Brandenburg FB}}''', and in Italy, a captured example was used as a pattern aircraft by [[Aermacchi|Macchi]], who produced it as the '''L.1'''. In turn, the L.1 would provide the foundation for a large number of Macchi designs over the coming years.
[[File:The civil government at Grado Redenta (1917) (14780330784) (cropped).jpg|thumb|KUK hydroplane aircraft salvaged at [[Grado, Italy]].]]
The captured aircraft (serial L.40) was taken intact near the naval air station of [[Porto Corsini]]. The captured flying boat was copied by Macchi-Nieuport and the L.1 was built within a month. The L.1s were delivered to Italian maritime reconnaissance and bombing units based on the Adriatic. An improved version was developed as the [[Macchi L.2]]

A restored example of an Austro-Hungarian Lohner L (serial L.127) is preserved at the [[Italian Air Force Museum]] at [[Vigna di Valle]].

This model appears in the film Porco Rosso, by Studio Ghibli in 1992

==Operational history==
Lohner seaplanes saw extensive use before and during World War I, and those aircraft that survived the war served for several years. Some important and interesting events are related, such as:
*Immediately after the declaration of war by Austria-Hungary on Serbia and Montenegro, from 28 July 1914 to 2 August 1914, '''Lohner L''' seaplanes from [[Kumbor]] patrolled and photographed the Montenegrin artillery positions, representing the first use of aircraft in World War I.
*On 16 September 1915 '''Lohner L 132''' piloted by a Lieutenant Commander [[Dimitrije Konjović]] and '''Lohner L 135''' piloted by Walter Železni, on regular reconnaissance missions off [[Cattaro]] found the French [[Brumaire-class submarine]] ''[[French submarine Foucault (Q70)|Foucault]]'' and attacked it with bombs. The submarine was  damaged in the attack and was abandoned by her crew. One Lohner flying boat landed at sea, captured two French officers and transported them to Kumbor. The other members of the crew were rescued by an Austro-Hungarian torpedo boat. This was the first sinking of a submarine from the air in the history of aviation.

==Variants==
* '''Lohner L'''
* '''Lohner R''' - Photo-reconnaissance version
* '''Lohner S''' - Trainer version
* '''Macchi L.1''' - with Fiat machine gun and [[Isotta-Fraschini V.4a]] engine (14 built)

==Operators==
;{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
*[[Austro-Hungarian Navy]]
;{{flag|German Empire}}
*[[Kaiserliche Marine]]
;{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}
*[[Regia Marina]] (Macchi L.1)
;{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}
*[[Yugoslav Royal Navy]] - 4 aircraft '''Lohner TL'''

==Specifications (Lohner L)==
[[File:Lohner L-1 L127 Mani (6405508905).jpg|thumb|Restored Lohner L-1 preserved at the [[Italian Air Force Museum]].]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=<!-- reference -->
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=two, pilot and observer
|length m=10.26
|length ft=
|length in=
|length note=
|span m=16.2
|span ft=
|span in=
|span note=
|upper span m=
|upper span ft=
|upper span in=
|upper span note=
|mid span m=
|mid span ft=
|mid span in=
|mid span note=
|lower span m=
|lower span ft=
|lower span in=
|lower span note=
|height m=3.85
|height ft=
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=53
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|empty weight kg=1150
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=1700
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Austro-Daimler 160hp 6-cyl.]]
|eng1 type= water-cooled in-line piston engine
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=160
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=105
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=
|range km=600
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|ceiling m=2500
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=32.0
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=0.070 kW/kg (0.043 hp/lb)

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= 1 × trainable machine gun for observer
|bombs= {{convert|200|kg|abbr=on}} of bombs

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
|see also=
|related=<!-- related developments -->
* [[Lohner E]]
* [[Macchi L.2]]
* [[Macchi M.3]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
* [[Donnet-Denhaut flying boat]]
* [[FBA Type H]]
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
* [[List of maritime patrol aircraft]]
* [[List of flying boats and floatplanes]]
* [[List of World War I Central Powers aircraft]]
}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=611 }}
* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 900 Sheet 20 }}
*{{cite book |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985)|publisher= Orbis Publishing|pages= 2392}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Јанић
 | first = Чедомир
 | title = Век авијације - [илустрована хронологија]
 | year = 2003
 | publisher = Ефект 1
 | location = Беочин 
 | language = sr
 | id = {{COBISS|ID=110428172}}
}}

==Further reading==
{{commons category|Lohner L}}
*{{cite book |last1=Alegi |first1=Gregory |title=Lohner Tl/Macchi L 1 |date=2003 |publisher=Albatros Productions |location=Berkhamsted, UK |isbn=1-902207-54-8|series=Windsock Datafile|volume=99}}
*{{cite book|last1=Owers |first1=Colin A. |title=Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI: Volume 2–Biplane Seaplanes |date=2015 |publisher=Aeronaut Books |location=n.p. |isbn=978-1-935881-32-2|series=Great War Aviation Centennial Series|volume=18}}
<!-- ==External links== -->
<!--dead link* [http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/sitoam/images/TESTO%20LOHNER%20180X254.pdf Italian Air Force Museum page on Lohner L]-->

{{Lohner aircraft}}
{{Hansa-Brandenburg aircraft}}
{{Macchi aircraft}}

[[Category:1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft]]
[[Category:Lohner aircraft|L]]
[[Category:Hansa-Brandenburg aircraft|Lohner L]]
[[Category:Macchi aircraft|L.01]]
[[Category:Flying boats]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Single-engined pusher aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1915]]