View source for Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior

{{Short description|Twin engine utility aircraft}}
{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = Model 12 Electra Junior
  |image = F-AZLL NR16020 Paris Air Legend 2018 (44600040681).jpg
  |caption=
  |type = Civil and military [[utility aircraft]]
  |manufacturer = [[Lockheed Corporation]]
  |designer =
  |first_flight = June 27, 1936
  |introduction =
  |retired =
  |status =
  |primary_user =
  |more_users =
  |produced =
  |number_built = 130
  |unit cost =
  |developed_from = [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]]
  |variants =
}}

The '''Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior''', more commonly known as the '''Lockheed 12''' or '''L-12''', is an eight-seat, six-passenger all-metal twin-engine transport aircraft of the late 1930s designed for use by small airlines, companies, and wealthy private individuals. A smaller version of the [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]], the Lockheed 12 was not popular as an airliner but was widely used as a corporate and government transport. Several were also used for testing new aviation technologies.

==Design and development==
[[File:Lockheed C-40A cockpit.jpg|thumb|right|Cockpit of a C-40A, a U.S. Army version of the Lockheed 12]]
After Lockheed had introduced its 10-passenger Model 10 Electra, the company decided to develop a smaller version which would be better suited as a "[[feederliner|feeder airliner]]" or a corporate executive transport.<ref name=OLeary_p1>O'Leary 2001, p. 1.</ref> At the same time, the U.S. [[Bureau of Air Commerce]] had also sensed the need for a small feeder airliner and announced a design competition for one. In order for a candidate to qualify for the competition, a prototype had to fly by June 30, 1936.<ref name=OLeary_p3>O'Leary 2001, p. 3.</ref><ref name=Bowers_p2/>

Lockheed based its candidate, which it named the Model 12 Electra Junior, around a scaled down Electra. It would carry only six passengers and two pilots but would use the same {{cvt|450|hp}} [[Pratt & Whitney R-985|Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB]] [[radial engine]]s as the main Electra version, the 10A.<ref name=OLeary_p3 /> This made it faster than the Electra, with a top speed of {{cvt|225|mph}} at {{cvt|5000|ft}}.<ref name=OLeary_p3 /><ref name=Bowers_p1 /> Like the Electra, the Model 12 had an all-metal structure, trailing-edge [[flap (aircraft)|wing flaps]],<ref name=Bowers_p1 /> low-drag [[NACA cowling|NACA engine cowlings]], and two-bladed [[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|controllable-pitch propellers]] (later changed to [[constant-speed propeller]]s).<ref name=Bowers_p2 /> It also had the Electra's twin tail fins and rudders, which were becoming a Lockheed trademark. The [[landing gear]] was a [[conventional landing gear|conventional tail-dragger]] arrangement, with the main wheels retracting backwards into the engine [[nacelle]]s; as was often the case with retractable gear of the period, the wheel bottoms were left exposed in case a wheels-up emergency landing was necessary, or the pilot simply forgot to deploy his novel landing gear.<ref name=Bowers_p1>Bowers 2000, p. 1.</ref>

As in the Electra and the [[Boeing 247]], the Model 12's main [[spar (aviation)|wing spar]] passed through the passenger cabin; small steps were placed on either side of the spar to ease passenger movement.<ref name=Bowers_p1 /> The cabin had a lavatory in the rear.<ref name=Bowers_p1 /> Although the standard cabin layout was for six passengers, Lockheed also offered roomier, more luxurious layouts for corporate or private owners.<ref name=OLeary_p3 /><ref name=Bowers_p1 />

The new transport had its first flight on June 27, 1936,<ref name=OLeary_p3 /><ref name=Bowers_p2 /> three days before the competition deadline, at 12:12 PM local time, a time deliberately chosen for the Model 12's number.<ref name=OLeary_p3 /> As it turned out, the other two competition entries, the [[Beechcraft Model 18]] and the [[Barkley-Grow T8P-1]], weren't ready in time for the deadline, so Lockheed won by default. The "Electra Junior" name did not catch on in the way that the original Electra's name had. Most users simply referred to the aircraft by its model number, as the Lockheed 12.<ref name=Bowers_p2 />

The original Lockheed 12 version, with Wasp Junior engines, was the '''Model 12A'''.<ref name=Bowers_p1 /> Almost every Lockheed 12 built was a 12A or derived from the 12A. There was also a '''Model 12B''', using {{cvt|440|hp}} [[Wright R-975|Wright R-975-E3 Whirlwind]] radials, but only two of this model were built.<ref name=Bowers_p2 /> Although Lockheed had also announced a Model 12F, powered by [[Wright R-760|Wright R-760 Whirlwind]] seven-cylinder radials, and a Model 12M, powered by {{cvt|290|hp}} [[Menasco Motors Company|Menasco]] six-cylinder [[inline engine (aviation)|inline engines]],<ref>''Flight'' 1936, p. 148.</ref> neither of these versions reached production.

==Operational history==
[[File:NACA Lockheed 12A 1940.jpeg|thumb|right|NACA's Lockheed 12A used for deicing testing]]
[[File:Lockheed C-40B left side.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Army Air Corps C-40B with fixed tricycle landing gear]]
[[File:Lockheed 12A Electra Junior in Flight over Houston.jpg|thumb|Electra Junior in flight]]
Even though the Lockheed 12 had won the government's feeder airliner competition, most of the airlines rejected it, and very few Lockheed 12s were used as airliners.<ref name=Bowers_p2 /><ref name=OLeary_p4>O'Leary 2001,  p. 4.</ref> One notable airline user was the newly renamed [[Continental Airlines|Continental Air Lines]], which had a fleet of three Lockheed 12s that ran on its route between [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], and [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]], [[Texas]], in the late 1930s.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%201202.html "Airline Companies of the World."] ''Flight'', Volume XXXIII, Issue 1531, April 28, 1938, p. 418. Retrieved: January 15, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201268.html "Airline Companies of the World."] ''Flight'', Volume XXXV, Issue 1583, April 27, 1939, p. 431. Retrieved: January 15, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/co37/co37-1.jpg "Continental Air Lines July 1, 1937 timetable."] ''Continental Airlines.'' Retrieved: January 15, 2010.</ref> Another was [[BWIA West Indies Airways|British West Indian Airways Ltd.]], which flew the Lockheed 12 on [[Caribbean]] routes in the [[Lesser Antilles]] during the mid-1940s.<ref>Wilson, John. [http://www.wasc.org.uk/NewFiles/CAA%20report%20complete.pdf "Report on the Progress of Civil Aviation 1939–1945," pp. 213–214, 230, 248.] ''wasc.org.uk''. Retrieved: January 24, 2010. Note: This is a transcription of an original report from the library of the United Kingdom's [[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|Civil Aviation Authority]]; it is provided by the West Africa Study Circle [[philately|philatelic society]].</ref><ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/bw46/bw46-2.jpg "British West Indian Airways Limited January 1, 1946 timetable."] ''British West Indian Airways Limited (BWIA)''. Retrieved: January 24, 2010.</ref><ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1946/apr/17/west-indies-transport-services#S5CV0421P0_19460417_HOC_120 "West Indies (Transport Services)."]  ''Parliament of the United Kingdom .'' Retrieved: January 24, 2010. Note: The report is a discussion of West Indies air transport from the April 17, 1946 session of the British [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].</ref>

The Lockheed 12 proved much more popular as a transport for company executives or government officials.<ref name=Bowers_p2 /> Oil and steel companies were among the major users.<ref name=Bowers_p2 /> A number were purchased as military staff transports by the [[United States Army Air Corps]], which designated the type as the '''C-40''', and by the [[United States Navy]], which used the designation '''JO''', or in one peculiar case, '''R3O-2'''. With the arrival of [[World War II]], many civilian Lockheed 12s were requisitioned by the U.S. Army and Navy, Britain's [[Royal Air Force]], and the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]].<ref name=Bowers_p3/>

Two civil Lockheed 12s ordered by [[British Airways Ltd.]] were actually intended for covert military reconnaissance flights.<ref name=OLeary_p4 /> [[Sidney Cotton]] modified these aircraft for aerial photography and in civilian guise, overflew and surreptitiously photographed many German and Italian military installations during the months preceding World War II.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200112/ai_n9013201/ "Sidney's sky spies."] ''Air Classics,'' December 2001. Retrieved: January 16, 2010.</ref><ref name=Bowers_p5>Bowers 2000, p. 5.</ref> One of these G-AFTL has recently been returned to flight in the UK with its most recent display being at IWM Duxford Flying Days: The Americans on 28 July 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/airshows/events/july-flying-day-one | title=Flying Days: The Americans }}</ref>

The main military user of the Lockheed 12 was the [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force]], which bought 36.<ref name=OLeary_p4 /> Sixteen of these were the '''Model 212''', a version created by Lockheed for training bomber crews, which had a [[.303 British|{{cvt|.303|in|3}} caliber]] machine gun in an unpowered, partly retractable [[Gun turret#Aircraft|gun turret]] on top of the fuselage, a second .303-caliber machine gun fixed in the nose, and [[Hardpoint|bomb racks]] under the wing center section that could hold eight {{cvt|100|lb}} bombs.<ref name=OLeary_p1/> The other 20 aircraft were transport versions.<ref name=Bowers_p2 />

Several Lockheed 12s were used as technology testbeds. The U.S. [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA) bought two, adding a center vertical fin to each of them to test stability improvements. One of the NACA Lockheed 12s was used to test "hot-wing" [[deicing]] technology, in which hot exhaust air from the engines was ducted through the wing's leading edge to prevent ice accumulation.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200112/ai_n9006393/ "Hot wing."] ''Air Classics,'' December 2001. Retrieved: January 15, 2010.</ref><ref name=Bowers_p4>Bowers 2000, p. 4.</ref>

Three other Lockheed 12s were used to test [[tricycle gear|tricycle landing gear]].<ref name=Trigear>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200112/ai_n9016853/ "Tri-gear experiments."] ''Air Classics,'' December 2001. Retrieved: January 16, 2010.</ref> These had their normal landing gear replaced by a non-retracting version with a large nosewheel and with the main wheels shifted further back on the engine nacelles.<ref name=Trigear /> (The tailwheel from the normal conventional gear was retained.<ref name=Trigear />) The gear was non-retractable because there wasn't room within the structure to stow it in retracted position.<ref name=Bowers_p3 /> Streamlined [[Aircraft fairing|fairings]] were placed on the gear to reduce drag. One of the tricycle gear Lockheed 12s went to the U.S. Navy as the XJO-3 and performed carrier landing tests on the {{USS|Lexington|CV-2|6}} to study the suitability of a twin-engined tricycle-gear aircraft for carrier operations.<ref name=Bowers_p4 /><ref name=Trigear /> Another went to the U.S. Army as the C-40B, and still another was retained by Lockheed for its own testing; both of these were eventually converted back to the normal landing gear configuration.<ref name=Bowers_p4 /><ref name=Trigear />

[[Milo Burcham]] flew a Lockheed 12A in the 1937 [[Bendix Trophy|Bendix Trophy Race]] from [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], [[California]] to [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]. This 12A had extra fuel tanks in the cabin, allowing it to save time by making the entire {{cvt|2043|mi}} trip non-stop.<ref name=Bowers_p4 /> The 12A came in fifth at an average speed of {{cvt|184|mph}}; this was an impressive performance, since the first and fourth-place winners were both privately owned [[Seversky P-35]] fighters.<ref name=Bowers_p4 />

Another Lockheed 12A, owned by [[Republic Oil Company]] and named ''The Texan'', was modified by aviator [[Jimmie Mattern]] for a round-the-world flight attempt. Mattern filled the 12A's cabin with fuel tanks and removed the cabin windows and door; the crew would enter the aircraft via a cockpit hatch.<ref name=Bowers_p4 /> The aircraft was denied a U.S. permit for the flight following the Earhart incident, but was then pressed into action in September 1937 in a long range search effort for [[Sigizmund Levanevsky]], who crashed somewhere between the North pole and [[Barrow, Alaska]]. "The Texan" was outfitted as a luxury transport afterward, and lost in a hangar fire in January 1938.<ref>"The diary of Jimmie Mattern, Pioneer Airman part V." ''AAHS Journal,'' Spring 1998, p. 22.</ref>

Lockheed built a total of 130 Lockheed 12s, ending production in 1941. With the arrival of World War II, Lockheed concentrated its production efforts on more advanced military aircraft, such as the [[Lockheed Hudson|Hudson]] bomber and the [[P-38 Lightning]] twin-engined fighter. The Lockheed 12's market was left to the [[Beechcraft Model 18]], thousands of which would eventually be produced.<ref name=Bowers_p1 /><ref name=OLeary_p4 />

A number of Lockheed 12s have survived to the present day, mostly in private hands. Several of these are still flying.<ref>[http://www.flytoanothertime.com/lockheed/lockheedindex.html "Lockheed 10 and 12."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123003510/http://www.flytoanothertime.com/lockheed/lockheedindex.html |date=2010-01-23 }} ''Another Time.''  Retrieved: January 17, 2010.</ref>

==Variants==

===Civil models===
[[File:Lockheed 12A Junior Electra (VH-HID) taking off at the 2019 Australian International Airshow.jpg|alt=|thumb|1937 Lockheed 12A]]

;Model 12A
:Powered by two {{cvt|450|hp|0}} [[Pratt & Whitney R-985|Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB]] radial engines. 70 built.<ref name=aerofiles1>[http://aerofiles.com/_lock.html "Lockheed 1 to J."] ''Aerofiles.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref><ref name=TC616>''FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 616.''</ref>
;Model 12B
:Like 12A, but powered by two {{cvt|440|hp|0}} [[Wright R-975|Wright R-975-E3 Whirlwind]] radial engines.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref>''FAA Inspection Handbook Part 4,'' p. 31.</ref> This was a normal civil model, but the only two built (serial numbers 1228 and 1249) went to the [[Argentine Army]].<ref name=Bowers_p2>Bowers, Peter. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200004/ai_n8900190/pg_2/ "History of the Lockheed 12A, p. 2."]''Flight Journal'', April 2000. Retrieved: 15 July 2010.</ref>
;Model 12-25
:Last two civilian Model 12's produced (serial numbers 1293 and 1294), same as 12A but with Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB3 engines.

===Military models===
[[File:Lockheed C-40 left side.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Army Air Corps C-40]]
All of these were based on the Model 12A and used the same engines.
;C-40
:[[United States Army Air Corps|U.S. Army Air Corps]] five-passenger transport; prototype (serial 1247) converted from company owned 12A, two others built, redesignated '''UC-40''' in January 1943.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref>[http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3309 "Factsheet: Lockheed C-40."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113200141/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3309 |date=2011-01-13 }} ''National Museum of the United States Air Force.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>
;C-40A
:U.S. Army Air Corps transport with mixed passenger/cargo interior; 10 built, plus one converted from C-40B, redesignated '''UC-40A''' in January 1943.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref>[http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3310 "Factsheet: Lockheed C-40A."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113204859/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3310 |date=2011-01-13 }} ''National Museum of the United States Air Force.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>
;C-40B
:U.S. Army Air Corps testbed for testing fixed [[tricycle gear|tricycle landing gear]]; one built, converted to a normal C-40A in 1940.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref>[http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3311 "Factsheet: Lockheed C-40B."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113205513/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3311 |date=2011-01-13 }} ''National Museum of the United States Air Force.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>
;C-40D
:Eleven civil Model 12As impressed by the [[United States Army Air Forces|U.S. Army Air Forces]] in 1942, with standard six-passenger interior. Redesignated '''UC-40D''' in January 1943.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref>[http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3312 "Factsheet: Lockheed UC-40D."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005031135/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3312 |date=2013-10-05 }} ''National Museum of the United States Air Force.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>
;JO-1
:[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] five-passenger transport; one built.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref name=mckillop>McKillop, Jack. [http://www.microworks.net/PACIFIC/aviation/jo_r2o_r3o_electra.htm "Lockheed JO Electra Junior, R2O Electra, R3O Electra and Electra Junior."]   ''microworks.net.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>
;JO-2
:U.S. Navy and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] six-passenger transport; five built.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref name=mckillop />
;XJO-3
:U.S. Navy testbed with fixed tricycle gear, used for carrier landing tests and airborne radar trials; one built.<ref name=aerofiles1 /><ref name=mckillop />
;R3O-2
:One civil Model 12A impressed by the U.S. Navy in 1941. (This was an anomalous designation, since the Navy had already used R3O for the Model 10 Electra.)<ref name=mckillop /><ref name=aerofiles2>[http://aerofiles.com/_lock2.html "Lockheed K to Lockheed-Martin."] ''Aerofiles.'' Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>
;Model 212
:Bomber trainer with bomb racks and gun turret atop aft fuselage; prototype (serial 1243, reserialed 212-13) converted from company owned 12A, 16 others built, one prototype and 16 for the [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force]].<ref name=aerofiles1 />
;Model 12-26
:Military transport version of the Model 212; 20 built for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force.<ref name=Bowers_p2 />

==Operators==

===Civilian===
[[File:Braniff Airline Pilots Watching a Lockheed 12A Electra Junior.jpg|thumb|Lockheed 12A Electra Junior taxiing at [[Houston Hobby Airport]], 1940. This aircraft belonged to the [[Continental Oil Company]]. In the foreground is a [[Braniff]] [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]].]]
* [[Aeronorte]]
* [[Aerovias Brasil]]
* Associated Airlines (Australia)
* [[BWIA West Indies Airways|British West Indian Airways Ltd.]]
* Aeronautical Research and Sales Corporation of London (a front for the espionage of [[Sidney Cotton]]) One of its aircraft G-AFTL was returned to flight in the UK in 2023
* [[Continental Airlines|Continental Air Lines]] (formerly Varney Air Transport)
* [[Mercer Airlines (Burbank, CA)]]
* [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Cruzeiro do Sul]]
* [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA)
* [[Panair do Brasil]]
* [[Transport Canada|Canadian Department of Transport]]<ref name=CFCCT />
* [[Brazilian Air Force#Establishment|Brazilian Ministry of Aeronautics]]<ref name=Bowers_p3>Bowers, Peter. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200004/ai_n8900190/pg_3/ p. 3]</ref>
* [[Santa Maria Airlines]]

===Military===
;{{Flag|Argentina}}
* [[Argentine Army]]<ref name="Frncp128">Francillon 1982, p. 128.</ref>
;{{BRA}}
* [[Brazilian Air Force]]<ref name="Frncp130">Francillon 1982, p. 130.</ref>
;{{Flag|Canada|1921}}
* [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]<ref name=Bowers_p3 />
;{{CUB}}<ref name="Frncp130"/>
;{{IDN}}
* [[Indonesian Air Force]]<ref name="Frncp133">Francillon 1982, p. 133.</ref>
;{{NLD}}
* [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]<ref name="Frncp133"/>
;{{Flag|Dutch East Indies}}
* [[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1SYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+1930&pg=PA80 "Photos of converted Model 12 for Dutch East Indies Air Force."] ''Popular Science'', February 1941, p. 80.</ref>
;{{Flag|South Africa|1928}}
* [[South African Air Force]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}
;{{UK}}
* [[Royal Air Force]]<ref name=Bowers_p3 />
;{{USA}}
* [[United States Army Air Corps]]/[[United States Army Air Forces]]
* [[United States Marine Corps]]
* [[United States Navy]]

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:Lockheed Electra Junior L12A CASM 2012.jpg|thumb|Model 12A at [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] ]]
* A Model 12A (Canadian [[Aircraft registration|registration]] CF-CCT, Lockheed construction number 1219) is on display at the [[Canada Aviation Museum]] in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]]. This aircraft was operated by Canada's [[Transport Canada|Department of Transport]] from 1937 until 1963 and surveyed the route of the [[Trans-Canada Airway]]. In 1937 it made the first same-day flight from [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] to [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], making five stops en route.<ref name=CFCCT >[http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/LockheedL-12AElectraJunior/  "Lockheed L-12A Electra Junior."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812010930/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/LockheedL-12AElectraJunior/ |date=2009-08-12 }} ''Canada Aviation and Space Museum''. Retrieved: January 17, 2010.</ref>
* A Royal Netherlands Air Force Lockheed 12A c/n 1306 is on static display at the Soesterberg Nationaal Militair Museum in [[Soesterberg]], [[Netherlands]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/471782/ |title=Lockheed L-12A L2-100, c/n 1306 - Zoeken in de collectie - Nationaal Militair Museum |website=www.nmm.nl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215747/https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/471782/ |archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>
* A former Royal Netherlands Air Force Lockheed 12-26 c/n 1313 is on static display at Arlanda Flygsamlingar, near Stockholm-Arlanda airport. Swedish airline [[Airtaco]] acquired the aircraft in 1953 for newspaper freights. Registration SE-BXU was reserved but was never accepted into the registry. Donated to Arlanda Flygsamlingar in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arlandaflygsamlingar.se/flygplan/se-bxu-lockheed-12-26-electra-jr/|title = SE-BXU LOCKHEED 12-26 ELECTRA Jr &#124; FLYGSAMLINGAR ARLANDA}}</ref>
* An Indonesian Air Force Lockheed 12A registration number T-303 is on static display at [[Suryadarma Air Force Base]] in [[Subang Regency]], [[Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kotasubang.com/2289/museum-amerta-dirgantara-mandala-kalijati-subang |title=Museum Amerta Dirgantara Mandala Kalijati, Subang|website=kotasubang.com|date=13 February 2014|access-date=11 January 2021|language=id}}</ref>
* Former British Airways Ltd G-AFTL has been returned to flight in 2023 and is now flown on the UK display circuit.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.key.aero/article/exclusive-cotton-electra-takes-skies | title=EXCLUSIVE: Cotton Electra takes to the skies! | date=20 December 2023 }}</ref>
* A former USAAC/RAF lend lease 12a once owned by Sidney Cotton's company Aeronautical and Industrial Research Corporation (G-AGWN) is undergoing static restoration in Parkes, New South Wales, Australia by HARS Parkes Aviation Museum.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

==Specifications (Model 12A)==
[[File:Lockheed 12A Electra Junior 3-view line drawing.png|frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Lockheed 12A Electra Junior]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Lockheed Aircraft since 1913<ref name="Frncp134">Francillon 1982, p. 134.</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
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|genhide=

|crew=2
|capacity=6 passengers<ref name="Frncp127">Francillon 1982, p. 127.</ref>
|length m=
|length ft=36
|length in=4
|length note=
|span m=
|span ft=49
|span in=6
|span note=

|height m=
|height ft=9
|height in=9
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=352
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=5765
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=8400
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=8650
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|lift note=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney R-985|Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior SB]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]s
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=450<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 note=
|power original=
|thrust original=

|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=

<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=225
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=213
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=800
|range nmi=
|range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=22900
|ceiling note=
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1400
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=

|more performance=

|avionics=
}}

==Notable appearances in media==
A Lockheed 12 appeared as the French airliner in the climactic final scene from the 1942 film ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]''.<ref name=Casablanca>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200112/ai_n9016855/ "'Of all the gin joints...'"] ''Air Classics,'' December 2001. Retrieved: January 17, 2010.</ref> (The aircraft carries the [[Air France]] [[Air France#Liveries and logo|seahorse logo]],<ref>[http://www.airfrancelasaga.com/2008/05/reaching-for-the-stars/ "Reaching for the stars."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809110832/http://corporate.airfrance.com/airfrancelasaga/news/reaching-for-the-stars/ |date=2011-08-09 }} ''Air France'' via ''www.airfrancelasaga.com,'' May 14, 2008. Retrieved: January 17, 2010.</ref> although Air France did not actually operate the type 12A). A "cut-out" stood in for a real Lockheed 12 in many shots. No real aircraft appeared in the movie. Half and quarter scale models were used instead.<ref name=Casablanca />{{#tag:ref|The real aircraft operating from Casablanca to Lisbon in 1942 was actually a [[Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar]], operated by Portuguese company, Aeroportuguesa, the only airline from a neutral country allowed to fly the route.|group=N}}

Lockheed 12s have also appeared in movies as stand-ins for the Electra 10E used by [[Amelia Earhart]] in her round-the-world flight attempt. Two played this role in the NBC 1976 TV miniseries ''[[Amelia Earhart (miniseries)|Amelia Earhart]]'',<ref name=Casablanca /> and another did so in the 2009 movie ''[[Amelia (film)|Amelia]]''.<ref>Collins, Mike. [http://www.aopa.org/summit/news/2009/091006electra.html "The 'Amelia' movie's airplane."] ''AOPA Aviation Summit,'' October 6, 2009. Retrieved: January 8, 2010.</ref>

==See also==
{{Aircontent|
|related=
* [[Lockheed Model 10 Electra]]
* [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Barkley-Grow T8P-1]]
* [[Beechcraft Model 18]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
* [[List of Lockheed aircraft]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
|see also=
* [[Lockheed L-188 Electra]], an unrelated Lockheed airliner later bearing the same name
* ''[[Mercy Plane]]'', a 1939 film which used the Model 12 Electra Junior as the title aircraft
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|group=N}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite web |last=Blankenburg |first=Kent |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200004/ai_n8902729 |title=Lockheed's Baby Electra |website=Flight Journal |via=findarticles.com |date= April 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625081655/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200004/ai_n8902729 |archive-date=June 25, 2006}}
* Bowers, Peter. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3897/is_200004/ai_n8900190/ "History of the Lockheed 12A."] ''Flight Journal,'' April 2000.
* Davisson, Budd. [http://www.airbum.com/pireps/PirepLockheed12A.html "Lockheed 12A: Flying The Electra's Kid".] ''airbum.com,'' 1989.
* Francillon, René J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=PnJTAAAAMAAJ&q=%22model+12-26s%22+%22Indonesian+Air+Force%22 ''Lockheed Aircraft Since 1913.''] London: Putnam, 1982.  {{ISBN|978-0-370-30329-1}}.
* [http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgccab.nsf/0/7623084711e2d9e88625712a0074b5e2/$FILE/Inspection%20Handbook%20Part%204.pdf "Inspection Handbook Part 4, pp. 31–32."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228124146/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgccab.nsf/0/7623084711e2d9e88625712a0074b5e2/$FILE/Inspection%20Handbook%20Part%204.pdf |date=2016-12-28 }} ''Federal Aviation Administration.''
* O'Leary, Michael. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200112/ai_n9011555/ "Junior Bomber."] ''Air Classics,'' December 2001.
* O'Leary, Michael. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3901/is_200112/ai_n9011555/ "Shining Stars (Part Two)."] ''Air Classics,'' December 2001 Another detailed history of the Lockheed 12. (Note: The online article has combined it with the subarticle: "Junior Bomber".)
* {{cite journal|title=Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation|journal=Air Enthusiast Quarterly |date=n.d. |issue=2 |pages=154–162 |issn=0143-5450}}
* [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%200332.html "A Smaller Lockheed 'Twin'."] ''Flight,'' Volume XXIX, Issue 1415, February 6, 1936, p.&nbsp;148.  Brief announcement and description of the Lockheed 12, published before the type's first flight.
* [http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/d47a167d3175849f85256738006d7ca8/$FILE/ATT7BSH8/TC616.pdf "Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 616."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113142959/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/d47a167d3175849f85256738006d7ca8/$FILE/ATT7BSH8/TC616.pdf |date=2016-11-13 }} ''Federal Aviation Administration.''

==External links==
{{commons category|Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior}}
{{commons category|Lockheed C-40}}
* [http://www.daveswarbirds.com/usplanes/aircraft/lock12-a.htm Lockheed 12-A (also: C-40, JO)]
* [http://www.microworks.net/pacific/aviation/jo_r2o_r3o_electra.htm Lockheed JO Electra Junior, R2O Electra, R3O Electra and Electra Junior]

{{Lockheed Model 10 Electra family}}
{{Lockheed}}
{{USAF transports}}
{{USN utility aircraft}}

[[Category:Lockheed aircraft|Electra Junior]]
[[Category:1930s United States airliners]]
[[Category:1930s United States civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1936]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]