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{{short description|Search and rescue aircraft version of the C-130 Hercules}}
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = HC-130 Hercules
| image = File:US Airforce HC-130.jpg
| caption = A USAF HC-130P from the [[211th Rescue Squadron]]
| type = [[Combat search and rescue|CSAR]]/rescue aircraft
| national_origin = United States
| manufacturer = [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] <br />[[Lockheed Martin]]
| designer = 
| first_flight = 1959<br />2002 (USCG HC-130J)<br />29 July 2010 (USAF HC-130J)
| introduction = 1959|retired
| Produced = 1959–present
| status = In service
| primary_user = [[United States Air Force]]
| more_users = [[United States Coast Guard]]
| unit cost = $66&nbsp;million (HC-130J){{sfn|HC-130J}}<br />$77&nbsp;million (HC-130P/N)<ref>{{cite web|title=HC-130P/N King|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104509/hc-130pn-king/|website=U.S. Air Force|publisher=United States Air Force|access-date=29 September 2015}}</ref>
| developed_from = [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]]
| number_built = HC-130P/N: Active force, 13; ANG, 13; Reserve, 10<br>HC-130H: 22; two with the Avionics One Upgrade (A1U)<br>HC-130J: 6
| variants = 
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:HC-130H - Coast Guard Air Station Barbers Point aircraft 2015 11 1.webm|thumb|thumbtime=9|USCG HC-130H flying in [[Hawaii]], 2015.]]
[[File:ARRS Vietnam.jpg|thumb|right|A USAF HC-130P refuels an [[Sikorsky S-61R|HH-3E Jolly Green Giant]], 1968.]]
[[File:USCG International Ice Patrol C-130.jpg|thumb|right|USCG HC-130H on International Ice Patrol duties]]

The '''Lockheed HC-130''' is an extended-range, [[search and rescue]] (SAR)/[[combat search and rescue]] (CSAR) version of the [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] Hercules military transport aircraft, with two different versions operated by two separate services in the U.S. armed forces.

The HC-130H Hercules and HC-130J Super Hercules versions are operated by the [[United States Coast Guard]] in a SAR and maritime reconnaissance role.

The HC-130P Combat King and HC-130J Combat King II variants are operated by the [[United States Air Force]] for long-range SAR and CSAR. The USAF variants also execute on scene CSAR command and control, airdrop pararescue forces and equipment, and are also capable of providing [[aerial refueling]] to appropriately equipped USAF, US Army, USN, USMC, and NATO/Allied helicopters in flight. In this latter role, they are primarily used to extend the range and endurance of combat search and rescue [[helicopter]]s.

In July 2015, it was announced that the [[U.S. Forest Service]] will be receiving some of the U.S. Coast Guard's HC-130H aircraft to use as aerial fire retardant drop tankers as the Coast Guard replaces the HC-130H with additional HC-130J and [[C-27 Spartan|HC-27J Spartan]] aircraft, the latter being received from the [[Air National Guard]] as part of a USAF-directed divestment of the C-27.

==Development==
The United States Coast Guard was the first recipient of the HC-130 variant. In keeping with the USN/USMC/USCG designation system of the time, the designation for the first order in 1958 was R8V-1G, but with the introduction of the [[1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system|Tri-Service aircraft designation system]] for commonality across the [[U.S. Armed Forces]] in 1962, this was eventually changed to HC-130B.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Frank D. |last2=Griswold |first2=Donald E. |last3=Hindes |first3=Donald K. |last4=Walker |first4=Gary A. |last5=Wilson |first5=David H. |last6=Dieterdy |first6=Duncan L. |date=July 1977 |title=Historical Analysis of C-130E Resources |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA044712.pdf |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |pages=37–39}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Baugher|first=Joe|title=US Coast Guard Aircraft Serial Numbers|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/coastguardseries.html}}</ref> Six USCG HC-130E aircraft were produced in 1964,<ref name="globalsecurity.org">{{cite web |title=Hc-130E |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/hc-130e.htm |website=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=August 2024}} but production soon switched to the new C-130H platform which was entering service. The first HC-130H flew on 8 December 1964 and<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaviationzone.com/factsheets/c130_variants.asp |title=Lockheed C-130 Hercules Variants |publisher=Theaviationzone.com |accessdate=22 November 2021}}</ref> the USCG still operates this aircraft.

First flown in 1964, the USAF HC-130P Combat King aircraft has served many roles and missions. Based on the USAF C-130E airframe, it was modified to conduct search and rescue missions, provide a command and control platform, conduct in-flight refueling of helicopters, and carry supplemental fuel in additional internal cargo bay fuel tanks for extending range or air refueling. They were also originally modified to employ the [[Fulton surface-to-air recovery system]], although this system has since been discontinued and the specialized equipment removed. The HC-130N was a follow-up order without the Fulton recovery system and all USAF extant HC-130Ps have since had their Fulton recovery systems removed.

==Role==

===USAF HC-130P/N Combat King===
The USAF HC-130P/N, also known as the Combat King aircraft, can fly in the day against a reduced threat; however, crews normally fly night, low-level, air refueling and airdrop operations using night vision goggles. The aircraft can routinely fly low-level NVG tactical flight profiles to avoid detection.  To enhance the probability of mission success and survivability near populated areas, USAF HC-130 crews employ tactics that include incorporating no external lighting or communications and avoiding radar and weapons detection.

Secondary mission capabilities include performing tactical [[airdrop]]s of pararescue specialist teams, small bundles, [[Inflatable boat|zodiac watercraft]], or [[four-wheel drive]] [[all-terrain vehicle]]s; and providing direct assistance to a survivor in advance of the arrival of a recovery vehicle. Other capabilities are extended visual and electronic searches over land or water, tactical airborne [[radar]] approaches and unimproved [[Aerodrome|airfield]] operations. A team of three [[United States Air Force Pararescue|Pararescuemen]], trained in emergency [[Physical trauma|trauma medicine]], harsh environment survival and assisted evasion techniques, is part of the basic mission crew complement.

Up until 2016, HC-130P/N aircraft of the Combat Air Forces were a combination of mid to late-1960s vintage aircraft based on C-130E airframes and mid-1990s vintage aircraft based on C-130H3 airframes.  All underwent extensive modifications. These modifications included [[Night vision device|night vision]]-compatible interior and exterior lighting, a personnel locator system compatible with aircrew survival radios, improved digital low-power color radar and [[forward-looking infrared]] systems.  As of 2018, with the exception of a handful of extant aircraft in the [[Air National Guard]], all remaining HC-130P/N aircraft are operated by the [[Air Force Reserve Command]].

===USCG HC-130H===
[[File:USCG-HC130H-1703-040901-15.JPG|thumb|right|USCG HC-130H departs [[Mojave Spaceport|Mojave]]]]

The HC-130H first flew on 8 December 1964.<ref name="HC130Href">{{cite web|url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/1959-first-of-the-hc-130-aircraft-were-obtained/|access-date=11 April 2020|title=1959 – First of the HC-130 Aircraft were Obtained}}</ref> The Coast Guard began equipping with the HC-130H in the late sixties and early seventies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/aircraft_/lockheed-hc-130-bhj-hercules/|access-date=11 April 2020|title=Lockheed HC-130 B/H/J "Hercules"}}</ref>
U.S. Coast Guard HC-130Hs were primarily acquired for long-range overwater search missions, support airlift, maritime patrol, North Atlantic [[International Ice Patrol|Ice Patrol]] and command and control of search and rescue, replacing previously operated [[HU-16 Albatross]] amphibious and [[C-123 Provider|HC-123 Provider]] land-based aircraft.  Like their USAF counterparts, [[USCG]] HC-130s also have the capability of air dropping rescue equipment to survivors at sea or over open terrain. They carried additional equipment and two 1,800-gallon fuel bladders in the cargo compartment.<ref name="HC130Href" />

===USAF HC-130P Combat Shadow===
{{Main|MC-130P Combat Shadow}}

[[File:HC-130P-N refuels HH-60G.jpg|thumb|right|USAF HC-130P-N refueling an HH-60G Pave Hawk]]

The [[MC-130P Combat Shadow]] series of aircraft initially entered service in December 1965 during the [[Vietnam War]] as the HC-130H CROWN airborne controller. The CROWN airborne controllers located downed aircrew and directed [[Search and rescue|Combat Search and Rescue]] operations over North Vietnam. In mid-1966 flight testing began of rescue helicopters equipped with aerial refueling receivers, and 11 of the controller aircraft were modified as tankers and redesignated the HC-130P SAR Command and Control/vertical lift (helicopter) aerial refueling aircraft, entering service in Southeast Asia in November 1966. Originally assigned to the [[Tactical Air Command]] (TAC) and then the [[Military Airlift Command]] (MAC), Combat Shadows have been part of the [[Air Force Special Operations Command]] (AFSOC) since that command's establishment in 1993. In February 1996, AFSOC's 28-aircraft HC-130P tanker fleet was redesignated the '''MC-130P Combat Shadow''', aligning the variant with AFSOC's other M-series special operations mission aircraft.<ref name="fact3">{{cite web|url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=116 |title=MC-130P Combat Shadow |work=Air Force Link |publisher=United States Air Force |date=June 2009 |access-date=10 June 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717164106/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=116 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=May 2008| title = Gallery of USAF Weapons|journal = Air Force Magazine, Journal of the Air Force Association}}, p. 145. USAF continues to field 33 HC-130P and HC-130N dedicated CSAR aircraft as part of [[Air Combat Command]].</ref> At the same time as this redesignation, USAF continued to field HC-130P/N aircraft as dedicated CSAR platforms under the [[Air Combat Command]] (ACC) and in ACC or PACAF-gained CSAR units in the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard.

===USCG HC-130J===
The new HC-130J aircraft are derived from the [[Lockheed Martin KC-130J]] tanker operated by the [[U.S. Marine Corps]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2010/100419ae_hc130-rollout.html |title=First Lockheed Martin/USAF HC-130J Combat Rescue Tanker Rolls Out |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426071249/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2010/100419ae_hc130-rollout.html |archive-date=26 April 2010 }}</ref> The USCG has six HC-130Js in service, but they are not capable of refueling helicopters in flight. The first delivery of this variant to the [[United States Coast Guard]] was in October 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2003/LockheedMartinFormallyDeliversCoast.html |title=Lockheed Martin Formally Delivers Coast Guard HC-130J Airlifters for Maritime and Homeland Security Missions |website=www.lockheedmartin.com |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020211803/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2003/LockheedMartinFormallyDeliversCoast.html |archive-date=20 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> They initially operated in a logistic support role until they received significant modifications, including installations of a large window on each side of the fuselage to allow crew members to visually scan the sea surface, the addition of an inverse synthetic aperture sea search radar, flare tubes, a forward-looking infrared/electro-optical sensor, a gaseous oxygen system for the crew and an enhanced communications suite. Aircraft are installed with the Minotaur Mission System and incorporates sensors; radar; and command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance equipment and enables aircrews to gather and process surveillance information that can be transmitted to other platforms and units during flight.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-Acquisitions-CG-9/Programs/Air-Programs/Minotaur-Mission-System/|access-date=11 April 2020|title=Minotaur Mission System}}</ref>

The first of these modified Coast Guard HC-130Js was delivered in March 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/news/First-Missionized-HC-130J-Maritime-Patrol-Aircraft-Delivered-to-US-Coast-Guard_n000003817.aspx|title = Ancile}}</ref> and complete delivered in September 2019.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-Acquisitions-CG-9/Newsroom/Latest-Acquisition-News/Article/1961691/final-hc-130j-with-legacy-mission-system-completes-minotaur-missionization/|title=Final HC-130J with Legacy Mission System Completes Minotaur Missionization|publisher=United States Coast Guard|date=16 September 2019|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> The 17th HC-130J for the [[United States Coast Guard]] is expected to be delivered in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-Acquisitions-CG-9/Newsroom/Latest-Acquisition-News/Article/2060508/air-force-order-includes-one-c-130j-for-coast-guard/|access-date=11 April 2020|title=Air Force order includes one C-130J for Coast Guard}}</ref>

The Coast Guard is acquiring a fleet of 22 new, fully missionized HC-130J aircraft to replace its legacy HC-130Hs.
[[File:USCG HC-130J Taxiing.jpg|thumb|USCG HC-130J Taxiing on the runway at NAS Oceana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-Acquisitions-CG-9/Programs/Air-Programs/LRS-HC-130J/|access-date=11 April 2020|title=HC-130J Long Range Surveillance Aircraft}}</ref>
[[File:13-5785 Lockheed Martin HC-130J Combat King II Hercules C-N 382-5785 (32682682830).jpg|thumb|right|USAF HC-130J Combat King II]]

===USAF HC-130J Combat King II=== 
The USAF HC-130J Combat King II combat rescue variant has modifications for [[Aerial refueling|in-flight refueling]] of [[helicopter]]s and [[Tiltrotor|tilt-rotor aircraft]], including refueling pods on underwing pylons and additional internal fuel tanks in the cargo bay. The HC-130J Combat King II is also capable of itself being refueled in flight by [[Aerial refueling|boom-equipped tankers]] such as the [[KC-135]], [[KC-10]] and [[KC-46]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104468/hc-130j-combat-king-ii/|title = HC-130J Combat King II| work=Air Force }}</ref>

Lockheed Martin officials conducted the first flight of the USAF HC-130J version on 29 July 2010.<ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A0f664de1-eb50-4fd3-8bcb-7244088104cb&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest "New Pic: First HC-130J Flight"] [[Aviation Week]] by Amy Butler on 30 July 2010</ref> The first HC-130J was delivered to the USAF in September 2010,<ref name="lockheedmartin.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2010/100924ae_200th-c130j.html |title=Two Major C-130 Hercules Milestones |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928002550/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2010/100924ae_200th-c130j.html |archive-date=28 September 2010 }}</ref> but underwent further testing before achieving Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in 2012.

The HC-130J personnel recovery aircraft completed developmental testing on 14 March 2011. The final test point was air-to-air refueling, and was the first ever boom refueling of a C-130 where the aircraft's refueling receiver was installed during aircraft production. This test procedure also applied to the MC-130J Combat Shadow II aircraft in production for [[Air Force Special Operations Command]].<ref>[http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2011/110322ae_hc13j_completes-devel.html "HC-130J Completes Developmental Testing"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701081922/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2011/110322ae_hc13j_completes-devel.html |date=1 July 2012 }} Lockheed Martin Press Release, 22 March 2011</ref>

Given the advancing age of its current HC-130P/N airframes, all of which are based on either the venerable (and since retired) mid/late-1960s vintage C-130E airframe<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/07/air-forces-oldest-hc-130-plane-retires-patrick-afb/98853804/|title=Air Force's oldest HC-130 plane retires from Patrick AFB}}</ref> or the more recent mid-1990s vintage C-130H2/H3 airframe, the Air Force plans to eventually buy up to 39 HC-130J Combat King IIs to equip rescue squadrons in the active Air Force, the [[Air Force Reserve Command]] and the [[Air National Guard]].<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/10/07/333174/lockheed-starts-building-new-version-of-the-c-130j.html "Lockheed starts building new version of the C-130J"] By [[Stephen Trimble]], ''[[FlightGlobal]]'' 7 October 2009</ref> The first HC-130J was delivered to the [[563d Rescue Group]] at [[Davis-Monthan Air Force Base]], [[Arizona]] on 15 November 2012.<ref>[https://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123326792/ 563rd Rescue Group receives first combat ready HC-130J Combat King II]</ref>

The US Air Force Reserve received its first HC-130J on 2 April 2020 when it was delivered to the 920th Rescue Wing's 39th Rescue Squadron at [[Patrick Air Force Base]] in Florida.<ref name=HC-130Jref>{{cite web|url=https://www.920rqw.afrc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2134806/super-herculean-milestone/|access-date=11 April 2020|title=Super Herculean Milestone|date=2 April 2020 }}</ref>

==Operational history==

===U.S. Coast Guard operations===
[[File:USCG C130 Hercules.jpg|thumb|right|USCG HC-130J]]
[[File:Helicopter aerial refueling.jpg|thumb|One of the [[920th Rescue Wing]]'s HC-130P Hercules "Combat King" aircraft refuels one of the wing's [[HH-60G Pave Hawk]] helicopters.]]

The [[United States Coast Guard]] operates 18 HC-130H aircraft from three bases around the United States:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.overview.uscg.mil/Assets/ |access-date=7 August 2018 |title=Operational Assets |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228101221/http://www.overview.uscg.mil/Assets/ |archive-date=28 February 2018 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

* [[Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater|CGAS Clearwater]], Florida
* [[Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak|CGAS Kodiak]], Alaska
* [[Coast Guard Air Station Barbers Point|CGAS Barbers Point]] (formerly [[NAS Barbers Point]]), Hawaii<ref name=uscg2>{{cite web | title =HC-130 "Hercules" Long Range Surveillance Aircraft | work =Aircraft and Cutters | publisher =U.S. Coast Guard | date =16 February 2007 | url =http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/hc-130.asp | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20061229000509/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/hc-130.asp | url-status =dead | archive-date =29 December 2006 | access-date =1 August 2007 }}</ref>

These aircraft are used for search and rescue, enforcement of laws and treaties, illegal drug interdiction, marine environmental protection, military readiness, International Ice Patrol missions, as well as cargo and personnel transport.<ref name=uscg1/>

The [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] also currently operates an additional 9 HC-130J aircraft from [[Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City|CGAS Elizabeth City]], North Carolina.

Neither the HC-130H nor the HC-130J in their U.S. Coast Guard variants are equipped for the aerial refueling of helicopters.

===U.S. Air Force operations===
The HC-130P (to include HC-130P/N) is primarily based on the C-130E airlift aircraft, with a smaller number based on the C-130H.  The USAF HC-130J is a newly manufactured aircraft.  As the dedicated [[Fixed-wing aircraft|fixed-wing]] combat search and rescue platform in the USAF inventory, the HC-130 is operated by the following units:

* [[Air Combat Command]]
** [[347th Rescue Group]] (347 RQG), [[71st Rescue Squadron]] (71 RQS), [[Moody AFB]], Georgia – HC-130J
** [[563d Rescue Group]] (563 RQG), [[79th Rescue Squadron]] (79 RQS), [[Davis-Monthan AFB]], Arizona – HC-130J
* [[Air Education and Training Command]]
** [[58th Special Operations Wing]] (58 SOW), [[415th Special Operations Squadron]] (415 SOS), [[Kirtland AFB]], New Mexico  –  HC-130J
* [[Air Force Reserve Command]]
** [[920th Rescue Wing]] (920 RQW), [[39th Rescue Squadron]] (39 RQS), [[Patrick Space Force Base]], Florida – HC-130J
* [[Air National Guard]]
** [[106th Rescue Wing]] (106 RQW), [[102d Rescue Squadron]] (102 RQS), [[New York Air National Guard]], [[Francis S. Gabreski Air National Guard Base]], New York – HC-130J
** [[129th Rescue Wing]] (129 RQW), [[130th Rescue Squadron]] (130 RQS), [[California Air National Guard]], [[Moffett Federal Airfield]], California – HC-130J
** [[176th Wing]] (176 WG), [[211th Rescue Squadron]] (211 RQS), [[Alaska Air National Guard]], [[Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson]], Alaska – HC-130J

HC-130s were assigned to the [[Air Combat Command]] (ACC) from 1992 to 2003, to include those [[Air Force Reserve Command]] and [[Air National Guard]] rescue units operationally-gained by ACC.  Prior to 1992, they were assigned to the [[Air Rescue Service]] as part of [[Military Airlift Command]] (MAC).  In October 2003, operational responsibility for the [[Continental United States]] (CONUS) and Alaskan [[Search and rescue|air search and rescue]] (SAR) mission, as well as the worldwide combat search and rescue (CSAR) mission was transferred to the [[Air Force Special Operations Command]] (AFSOC) at [[Hurlburt Field]], Florida.

In October 2006, all USAF CSAR forces were reassigned back to [[Air Combat Command]] with the exception of those [[Alaska Air National Guard]] CSAR assets which were transferred to the operational claimancy of [[Pacific Air Forces]] ([[PACAF]]).  The CONUS and Alaska SAR missions were also transferred back to ACC and PACAF, respectively. However, the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC) that had been previously located at [[McClellan Air Force Base]], California and [[Scott Air Force Base]], [[Illinois]] under MAC and at [[Langley Air Force Base]], Virginia under ACC, was relocated to [[Tyndall Air Force Base]], Florida under the control of [[1st Air Force]] (1 AF), the USAF component command to [[U.S. Northern Command]] ([[USNORTHCOM]]) and ACC's numbered air force for the [[Air National Guard]].

While under AFSOC and since returning to ACC and PACAF, USAF, AFRC and ANG HC-130s have been deployed to Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Jordan, Uzbekistan, Djibouti, Iraq, Afghanistan,<ref>http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2010/04/airforce_bastion_hc130_042310/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> and Greece in support of [[Operation Southern Watch|Operations Southern]] and [[Operation Northern Watch|Northern Watch]], [[1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Operation Allied Force]], [[Operation Enduring Freedom]], [[2003 invasion of Iraq|Operation Iraqi Freedom]], and [[Operation Unified Protector]]. HC-130s also support continuous alert commitments in [[Alaska]], and provided rescue coverage for [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]] operations in Florida until that program's termination in 2011.

The USAF's first HC-130Js gained initial operating capability (IOC) in April 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/HC-130J-Combat-King-II.html|title = AeroWeb &#124; HC-130J Combat King II}}</ref> permitting retirement of the first group of HC-130P aircraft based on C-130E airframes that were built in the mid and late 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2020 |title=Lockheed reveals USAF's first HC-130J tanker |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/picture-lockheed-reveals-usafs-first-hc-130j-tanker/92815.article |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=FlightGlobal}}</ref> The first HC-130J was delivered by Lockheed Martin to [[Air Combat Command]] on 23 September 2010 for testing.<ref name="lockheedmartin.com"/>

In 2009, there were HC-130P aircraft operated by the [[Air National Guard]], and 10 by the [[Air Force Reserve Command]].<ref>{{cite web |title=HC-130P/N King |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104509/hc-130pn-king/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=U.S. Air Force}}</ref> As of 2019, unofficial estimates place the number of HC-130Ps remaining at 6 airframes, all assigned to Air Force Reserve Command.<ref>{{cite web |title=Last Alaska Air Guard HC-130N aircraft departs for Patrick AFB |url=http://www.c-130.net/c-130-news-article363.html |website=C-130.net}}</ref>

===World's longest turboprop aircraft distance record===
On 20 February 1972, Lieutenant Colonel Edgar Allison, USAF, and his flight crew set a recognized turboprop aircraft class record of {{convert|8732.09|mi|km}} for a great circle distance without landing. The USAF Lockheed HC-130H was flown from [[Ching Chuan Kang Air Base]], Republic of China (Taiwan), to [[Scott AFB]], Illinois in the United States. As of 2018, this record still stands more than 40 years later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.7af.pacaf.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-150217-065.pdf |title=This Week in History: 15 February to 21 February |access-date=10 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103518/http://www.7af.pacaf.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-150217-065.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United States Air Force Chronology |url=http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id%3D5829 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911033032/http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5829 |archive-date=11 September 2013 |access-date=14 April 2016 |website=[[Hill Air Force Base]] (af.mil)}}</ref>

==Variants==
;HC-130B
:[[Search and rescue]] version of the C-130B for [[United States Coast Guard]] (USCG)<ref name=":0" /> introduced in 1959, formerly R8V-1G and SC-130B.
;HC-130E
:Modified rescue version of the C-130E for USCG, originally designation was SC-130E.<ref name=":0" /> 
;HC-130H
:Combat rescue version of the C-130E and C-130H for the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF) and enhanced SAR version for the USCG, with [[Fulton surface-to-air recovery system]] installed in USAF versions; many USAF versions later updated to HC-130P standard. Overall similar to HC-130E except for more powerful [[Allison T56-A-15]] engines. 30 are built as of July 1977.<ref name=":0" /> 
;HC-130P Combat King
:Extended range version of the HC-130H, modified for in-flight refueling of helicopters, refueling pods on underwing pylons, and additional internal fuel tanks in the cargo bay.  Initial examples in series based on C-130E airframe until late 1960s.  Later examples built in the 1980s and 1990s based on C-130H airframe.
;HC-130P/N Combat King
:Additional order of new HC-130Ps without Fulton surface-to-air recovery system or existing HC-130Ps with Fulton system removed.
;HC-130J
:Modified rescue version of the C-130J for USCG.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HC-130J Long Range Surveillance Aircraft |url=https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-Acquisitions-CG-9/Programs/Air-Programs/LRS-HC-130J/ |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=United States Coast Guard (uscg.mil)}}</ref>
;HC-130J Combat King II
:USAF combat rescue variant of the C-130J with changes for in-flight refueling of helicopters, including refueling pods on underwing pylons and capabilities to receive fuel inflight from boom-equipped tankers.  The USAF HC-130J eliminates the enlisted Flight Engineer position, but unlike the USAF C-130J airlift version, still retains a [[Combat Systems Officer]]/Navigator position.

==Operators==
;{{Flagu|United States}}
*[[United States Air Force]]
*[[United States Coast Guard]]
*[[United States Forest Service]]

==Specifications (HC-130H)==
[[File:Cgplanehomer.jpg|thumb|right|USCG HC-130 with loading ramp open]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=USCG Specs<ref name=uscg1>{{cite web
  |url=http://www.uscg.mil/d11/airstationsac/hercspecs.htm
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030320035323/http://www.uscg.mil/d11/airstationsac/hercspecs.htm
  |url-status=dead
  |archive-date=20 March 2003
|title=HC-130 Hercules Specifications
  |access-date=21 September 2007
}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew= USAF: 11;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=106 |title = Factsheets : HC-130P/N King |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719124439/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=106 |archive-date=19 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> USCG: 5 to 7, contingent on mission
|length ft=97
|length in=9
|length note=
|span ft=132
|span in=7
|span note=
|height ft=38
|height in=3
|height note=
|wing area sqft=1745
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight lb=76700
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=175000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=62900
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=[[Allison T56-A-15]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]] engines
|eng1 shp=4300
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=380
|max speed note=
|cruise speed mph=333
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=5178
|range note=
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=33000
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/weight=
|more performance=<!--<br />
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->

|avionics=
}}

==See also==

{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]]
* [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]]
* [[Lockheed Martin KC-130]]
* [[MC-130P Combat Shadow]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Antonov An-12]]
* [[Transall C-160]]
|lists=
* [[List of Lockheed aircraft]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
* [[List of United States military aerial refueling aircraft]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

* {{cite web|title=HC-130J Combat King II|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104468/hc-130j-combat-king-ii/|website=U.S. Air Force|publisher=Department of Defense|access-date=12 July 2015|ref={{harvid|HC-130J}} }}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Lockheed HC-130 Hercules}}
{{Lockheed aircraft}}
{{Lockheed Hercules}}
{{USAF transports}}
{{Current US Coast Guard aircraft}}

[[Category:Lockheed aircraft|C-130, H]]
[[Category:Lockheed Martin aircraft|C-130, H]]
[[Category:1960s United States military rescue aircraft]]
[[Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Four-engined turboprop aircraft]]
[[Category:Air refueling]]
[[Category:Lockheed C-130 Hercules|HC-130]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]