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{{Infobox Swiss town
 | subject_name = Locarno
 | image_photo  = Locarno porto - panoramio.jpg
 | image_caption  = 
 | municipality_type = town
 | imagepath_flag = CHE Locarno Flag.svg
 | imagepath_coa = CHE Locarno COA.svg|pixel_coa=
 | canton = Ticino
 | iso-code-region = CH-TI
 | district = [[Locarno (district)|Locarno]]
 |coordinates = {{coord|46|10|N|8|48|E|display=inline,title}}
 | postal_code = 6600
 | municipality_code = 5113
 | area = 24.61
 | elevation = 200  |elevation_description=
 | population = 15,968
 |populationof=
 |popofyear=
 | website = locarno.ch
 | mayor = Nicola Pini
 |mayor_asof=December 2024
 |mayor_party=FDP.The Liberals
 | mayor_title = Sindaco
 |list_of_mayors= List of mayors of Locarno
 | executive_name = Municipio
 | executive_number_of_members = 7
 | parliament_name = Consiglio comunale 
 | parliament_number_of_members = 40
 | places = Solduno, Monte della Trinità, Brè sopra Locarno,<ref>Swisstopo.ch https://s.geo.admin.ch/9d66965700. The official name is Brè sopra Locarno but is not unusual to hear Monte Brè sopra Locarno</ref> Ponte Brolla, Riazzino (Piano di Magadino), Gerra Piano (Piano di Magadino)
 | demonym = {{langx|it|Locarnesi}}
 | neighboring_municipalities= [[Ascona]], [[Avegno, Switzerland|Avegno]], [[Cadenazzo]], [[Cugnasco]], [[Gerra (Verzasca)]], [[Gambarogno]], [[Gordola]], [[Lavertezzo]], [[Losone]], [[Minusio]], [[Muralto]], [[Orselina]], [[Tegna, Switzerland|Tegna]], [[Tenero-Contra]]
 | twintowns =*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Gagra]], Georgia
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Karlovy Vary]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Lompoc, California|Lompoc]], United States
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Montecatini Terme]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Urbino]], Italy
|}}

'''Locarno''' ({{IPA|it|loˈkarno|lang}}; {{IPA|de|loˈkaʁno|lang|De-Locarno.ogg}}; [[Ticinese dialect|Ticinese]]: {{lang|lmo|Locarno}} {{IPA|lmo|loˈkɑːrno|}}; formerly in {{langx|de|Luggarus}} {{IPA|de|luˈɡaːrʊs|}}) is a southern [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[List of towns in Switzerland|town]] and [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district [[Locarno (district)|Locarno]] (of which it is the capital), located on the northern shore of [[Lake Maggiore]] at its northeastern tip in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Ticino]] at the southern foot of the [[Swiss Alps]]. It has a population of about 16,000 (proper), and about 56,000 for the agglomeration of the same name including [[Ascona]] besides other municipalities.<ref>{{cite web |last=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |title=Bilanz der ständigen Wohnbevölkerung (Total) nach Bezirken und Gemeinden |format=XLS |year=2015 |location=Wabern, Switzerland |language=de, fr |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html |access-date=2016-10-09}}</ref>

The town of Locarno is located on the northeastern part of the river [[Maggia (river)|Maggia]]'s delta; across the river lies the town of [[Ascona]] on the southwestern part of the delta.

Locarno is the 74th largest city in Switzerland by population{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} and the third largest in the Ticino canton, after [[Lugano]] and [[Bellinzona]].

The official language of Locarno is [[Italian language|Italian]].

The town is known for hosting the [[Locarno International Film Festival]] which takes place every year in August and involves open-air screenings at the main square, the Piazza Grande. It is also known for the [[Locarno Treaties]], a series of European territorial agreements negotiated here in October 1925.

==History==

===Prehistoric Locarno===
In 1934, in the vicinity of today's Via S. Jorio, a [[necropolis]] with 14 [[Urn#Cremation urns|urn graves]] from the Early [[Bronze Age]] (about 14th century BC) were found. Some of the urns were directly buried, while others were placed in boxes of uncut stone. The urns contained, in addition to burned bones, [[bronze]] ornaments, which had some fire damage, including, bangles, hairpins with conical head and slightly thickened neck, rings and knives. Similar urns were also discovered in the district of S. Antonio, which was probably also a small cemetery. The ceramic and bronze objects date from the [[Canegrate culture]] (named after a large necropolis in the province of Milan). However, no traces of the settlement have been discovered.<ref name=HDS_Pre>{{HDS|2108<!--Section 1-1-->|Locarno – Prehistory}}</ref>

In 1935, a large necropolis was discovered at [[Solduno]]. The over 200 graves cover nearly a thousand years, from the [[La Tène culture]] to the 3rd century AD. Many of the La Tène era grave goods (particularly from the 3rd–1st centuries BC) are [[Celts|Celtic]]-style [[Fibula (brooch)|fibulae]] or brooches. These objects demonstrate a cultural influence from regions north of the Alps. However, the ceramic objects are indigenous to [[Golasecca culture]] which spread into Ticino and [[Lombardy]].<ref name=HDS_Pre/>

===Roman era===
Between 1946 and 1949, a number of [[Switzerland in the Roman era|Roman era]] tombs were discovered on the terrace between the churches of Santa Maria in Selva and San Giovanni Battista in Solduno. The Roman city that became Locarno was therefore between the [[vicus]] of Muralto and this cemetery. Intensive construction and agricultural activity have destroyed most traces of the ancient city. In 1995 and 1997, 57 graves were found in Via Valle Maggia. Nineteen were from the Roman period, which confirms that even in the [[3rd century]] AD cremation and body burials were practised side by side. Among other significant finds, several glass items were discovered. The Roman necropolis was used from the end of the prehistoric [[La Tène culture|La Tène era]] until the middle of the 3rd century AD. The extensive [[Romanization (cultural)|Romanization]] of Locarno wiped out much of the local culture and replaced it with ancient Roman elements. However, it appears that there was no Roman ruling class which could have dominated the local population.<ref name=HDS_early>{{HDS|2108<!--Section 1-2-->|Locarno – Roman Era to Early Modern Era}}</ref>

===Capitanei di Locarno===
The '''capitanei''' were a group of prominent noble families who emerged in the early Middle Ages and led Locarno. The term is first mentioned in a document granting [[market right]]s to the town by the [[Holy Roman Empire|Emperor]] [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] in 1164. This title was originally reserved only for the direct [[vassals]] of the king's [[fief]]. The lower vassals were known as ''valvassores'', but could have been awarded the title of ''capitanei'' as a special concession. The original ''capitanei'' were probably descendants of the old [[Lombards|Lombard]] noble family of Da Besozzo from the [[county]] of Seprio, a historic region of [[Kingdom of the Lombards|Lombard Italy]] which comprised areas in southern Ticino and modern-day Italian provinces of [[Province of Varese|Varese]] and [[Province of Como|Como]] on the western side of Lake Maggiore, and was centred in [[Castelseprio (archaeological park)|Castelseprio]], some 20 kilometres south of Locarno.

Around 1000, the family was granted a fief in Locarno by the schismatic [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Como|Bishop of Como]] Landolfo da Carcano. The ''capitanei'' were given the right to manage the property of the Church entrusted to the local [[pieve]], they had the rights of immunity and coercion, but were not owners of the village cooperatives' (''vicini'') land, with the exception of the churches and royal estates. They did not have the right of [[High, middle and low justice|high justice]] so their political power was limited. However, they played an important role in the later conflicts in the 13th and 14th centuries between the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]] and in the wars between Como and the [[Duchy of Milan]].

In Locarno, during the [[Reformation]] period in the 16th century, two of the three great feudal families of capitanei, the Muralto and the Orelli families, left the town and moved to [[Zürich]]. A branch of the Muraltos was established in [[Bern]]. The third great Locarno family, the Magoria, remained in Locarno. The ''capitanei'' retained a central role in Locarno's politics until 1798. In 1803, the lands and rights of the ''capitanei'' were integrated into the political municipality of Locarno.<ref>{{HDS|41282|Capitanei di Locarno}}</ref>

===Early Locarno===
[[File:Tessin2006 picture 049.jpg|thumb|Harbor of Locarno. Trade along the lake allowed Locarno to flourish]]
Starting in the Lombard period (after 569), the area around Locarno (and presumably the town) was part of the county Stazzona and later the [[March (territory)|Mark]] of Lombardy. Locarno is first mentioned in 807 as ''Leocarni''. In German, it came to be known as ''Luggarus'', ''Lucarius'', ''Lucaris''.<ref name=HDS/> It is likely that a market existed at or near the lake since the Roman era. The long history of the town and its location led to the creation of a royal court, which was first mentioned in 866. During the [[Middle Ages]] Locarno and Ascona formed a community, with several, separate neighbourhoods. The community managed its [[the commons|common goods]] (alpine pastures, pastures, forests, churches) and tax officials and police.

In the 10th century, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan|Bishop of Milan]] began to consolidate more and more power to himself at the expense of the [[Kingdom of Germany|Kings of the Germans]].  This expansion by Milan was countered by [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]], who incorporated Locarno in 1002/04 with the surrounding areas into the Diocese of Como. [[Friedrich Barbarossa]] granted extensive [[market town|market rights]] to Locarno in 1164 and granted [[imperial immediacy]] in 1186. Due to these privileges, Locarno developed substantial local autonomy, which assisted in the development of municipal institutions. The nobles (''Nobili'') lost more and more rights to the citizens (''borghesi''). By 1224, the ''borghesi'' had their own administration and various privileges, including: market rights, the right to their own weights, maintenance of mills and grazing rights in Saleggi, in Colmanicchio (''Alp Vignasca'') and in the Magadino and Quartino valleys.<ref name=HDS_early/>

Locarno was the administrative centre of the [[parish]] of Locarno.  The ''[[Podestà]]'' or high government official, resided in the Casa della Gallinazza, which was burned in 1260 during the clashes between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. Several Locarno families, including members of the ''Capitanei di Locarno'' and Simone da Orello, played an important role in the battles between the two factions. In 1342, Luchino and Giovanni [[Visconti of Milan|Visconti]] conquered the area, which brought Locarno back under the power of [[Milan]]. In 1439, Count Franchino Rusca was awarded Locarno as a fief.<ref name=HDS_early/>

In 1291, a [[Humiliati]] monastery was first mentioned in Locarno. St. Catherine's church, attached to the monastery, probably dates to the mid-14th century.<ref name=HDS_Religion/>

===Under the Swiss Confederation===
[[File:Struktur Eidgen 1530.png|thumb|Swiss Confederation in 1530, showing Locarno and other territories of the Ticino region]]
The rule of the Rusca ended in 1503, when the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Confederates]] occupied Locarno, but failed to conquer the Visconti castle. After the [[Battle of Novara (1513)|battle of Novara]] in 1513, the French King [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]] gave the Confederates the castle. In the Treaty of Freiburg in 1516, they received all of Locarno. The Twelve Cantons took turns appointing a governor ({{langx|it|commissario}}), to rule over Locarno. The governor had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, except in certain cases after 1578, where seven judges were elected by the locals to try the cases. On taking office, the governor swore under oath to obey the statutes of Locarno. The governor was supported by a local mayor, and criminal fines were usually given to the local community.<ref name=HDS_early/>

The rule of the Twelve Cantons also affected the social and political relations of the town. In addition to the nobility (representing the three old noble families Orelli, Muralto and Magoria) and citizens, there was a third group. This third group, the ''terrieri'', was a group of residents who had lived a long time in Locarno, but were not citizens. Each of the three groups was a [[statutory corporation]], with shared property and a governing body. Under the Confederation, each of these groups or corporations had representation in the ''Consiglio Magnifico'' which ruled Locarno. However, the town's dominance over the villages in the region, until 1798, is clearly shown in their representation in the council. The three groups in Locarno had twelve aldermen (six nobles, four citizens and two ''terrieri''), while all the rural communities together had only eight members.<ref name=HDS_early/>

During the Middle Ages, Locarno was centred around the intersection of Via Cittadella and Via S. Antonio. The town stretched up the slope of the mountain and behind the castle. Some houses lined the shore, and above the Contrada Borghese a small, almost rural settlement grew up. The centre of town was dominated by townhouses with their large courtyards and gardens. The members of the upper class also owned small country houses with [[vineyard]]s, which went up the hill behind Locarno as well as in Solduno and [[Cugnasco]]. Locarno also had several noble [[Estate (land)|estates]] during the [[Late Middle Ages]], including the so-called Cittadella. The buildings of the 17th and 18th centuries, including the Casa Simona (16th to 18th century), the Casa Rusca from the first half of the 18th century (now the seat of the municipal art gallery) and the Casa del Negromante, were built on older structures and didn't change the layout of the town.<ref name=HDS_early/>

===Locarno's castles===
[[File:Castello Visconteo3.jpg|thumb|Castello Visconteo]]
{{Main|Castello Visconteo (Locarno)}}
There were several castles from the [[Early Middle Ages]] in Locarno. One was destroyed by the Milanese in 1156. Another, first mentioned in 1210 as Orelli castle, was occupied in 1342 by the Visconti and enlarged. This castle came to be known as Visconti Castle. In 1531, the Confederates demolished much of the castle, leaving only the central core. The castle was used as the residence of the governor, but in the following centuries, it began to fall apart. From 1804 to 1909, the castle was the seat of the administrative governor and the District Court. After 1909, it came into the possession of the city and was renovated in 1921–28. Since 1920, it has housed the city and Archaeological Museum. In 1507, a defensive bastion or [[ravelin]] was added to protect the castle entrance. It is likely that Leonardo da Vinci designed this structure.<ref name="Swissinfo 11 Aug">{{cite news |url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/Home/Archive/Locarno_gets_its_own_da_Vinci_mystery.html?cid=5371158 |title= Locarno gets its own da Vinci mystery |author=Gehring, Françoise |location=Locarno, Switzerland |date=11 August 2006 |publisher=SSR SRG |work=Swissinfo.com |access-date=3 December 2010}}</ref><ref name=HDS_early/> North-east of the castle is Palazzo Casorella (Casa degli Orelli) from the 16th century.

===Early modern Locarno===
[[File:View from Monte Ceneri road toward Locarno.jpg|thumb|Vineyards above Locarno]]
During the Middle Ages, the economy of Locarno and the whole region was closely linked with the nobles who owned the market, fishing, alpine and grazing rights and [[tithe]]s. Starting in the 13th century, some of these privileges went to the citizens' corporation. The hill areas were dominated by [[viticulture]], while grain was raised in the plains. Within the town, vegetables and fruits were grown. Artisans and stores were concentrated in the interior of the town. The repeatedly flooded shorelines and the alpine pastures were used for grazing. In the early modern period, Locarno developed into a thriving commercial centre on an important road that linked the major cities of [[Lombardy]], with German-speaking Switzerland and Germany. Cereals and salt came from Lombardy and [[Piedmont]] to Locarno, while Locarno and its hinterland (especially the [[Valle Maggia|Maggia Valley]]) provided large quantities of wood and cattle to Italy.<ref name=HDS_early/>

The [[parish church]] of Locarno, S. Antonio Abate, was first built in 1353–54. It was replaced by the current building in 1664. The decoration of the church was financed, primarily, by the grain traders at the end of the 17th century, and the chapel [[fresco]]es are by Giuseppe Antonio Felice Orelli from 1742. The citizens of Locarno had the right to appoint priests at S. Antonio Abate, S. Maria in Selva (consecrated in 1424, since 1884 only the [[choir]] and bell tower remain) and SS Trinità dei Monti (consecrated 1621). The church of San Francesco, together with the adjoining convent, were built in the early 13th century. The church's first consecration was probably in 1230, but the first documented consecration of the church was in 1316. It was rebuilt and enlarged between 1538 and 1675 using construction material from Visconti Castle. San Francesco hosted the meetings of the nobility and the citizens. Starting in the 16th century, the appointed governor swore his oath in the church.<ref name=HDS_Religion>{{HDS|2108<!--Section 1-3-->|Locarno – Religious Life}}</ref>

In the 16th century, the [[Humiliati]] order was suppressed and St. Catherine's church and monastery closed. All three ruling groups of Locarno agreed to convert the church and monastery into the Hospital S. Carlo. The Hospital remained until 1854 when it closed, due to financial reasons.<ref name=HDS_Religion/>

In the 16th century, Locarno's population declined as a result of the exodus of [[Protestantism|Protestants]] and the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] in 1576–77. After a recovery in the 17th century, the population declined considerably in the 18th century again.

===Protestant Reformation===
By 1535, there was a [[Protestant Reformation|Protestant]] community known as the ''ecclesia christiana locarnensis'' in Locarno. They owed their existence to the work of Giovanni Beccaria, several notables of the town (including Taddeo Duni) and religious refugees from [[Milan]] and Piedmont. To counteract the tensions, the Protestant community and the Catholic clergy met for a debate on 8 May 1549. At the end of the debate, Beccaria was imprisoned. However, because of protests against his arrest, he was immediately released. In 1550, Locarno declared itself to be a Catholic town, but a large group continued to practice the Protestant faith. However, in 1554, the Diet of Baden issued an ultimatum to the Protestants, either renounce their new faith or go into exile. On 3 March 1555, over 100 people left Locarno to emigrate to [[Zürich]].<ref name=HDS_Religion/>

In the course of [[Counter-Reformation]] in the 17th century, many religious buildings in Locarno were renewed or rebuilt. These include the 1604 church dedicated to SS Sebastiano e Rocco with the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] monastery and the church of S. Maria Assunta (Chiesa Nuova).<ref name=HDS_Religion/>

===The Canton of Ticino===
Under the [[Helvetic Republic]] (1798–1803) Locarno was part of the [[Canton of Lugano]]. Following the collapse of the Helvetic Republic, the [[Act of Mediation]], in 1803, created the Canton of Ticino with Locarno as an independent municipality. The Helvetic Republic was very liberal and attempted to reform much of Swiss society. However, the changes were too great and the Republic collapsed. The compromise Act of Mediation changed some aspects of society but left others unchanged. The new municipality of Lucarno was no longer ruled by three different ''[[Bürgergemeinde|patriziati]]'', which had emerged from the three groups (nobles, ''borghesi'' and ''terrieri''), but until the mid-19th century there were institutions that reached back to the [[Early Modern Switzerland|Ancien Régime]]. For example, the community of Locarno and Ascona was dissolved in 1805. Nevertheless, a "committee of the representatives of the former communities of Locarno" managed, for several decades, the S. Carlo Hospital and schools, which had been shared by the ''patriziati'' of the old, combined community. However, the power of the old ''patriziati'' gradually weakened. In 1859, the ''terrieri'' decided to set aside their corporation. The nobles corporation distributed its assets in 1866–67 to its members and dissolved the archive, but retained until about 1920, the fishing rights. Only the citizens' corporation has preserved its status as a civil community.<ref name=HDS_Modern>{{HDS|2108<!--Section 1-4-->|Locarno – 19th and 20th Centuries}}</ref>
[[File:Locarno 1.jpg|thumb|left|Piazza Grande]]
The Constitution of 1814, established Locarno, Bellinzona and [[Lugano]] as the capitals of the canton, in a six-year rotation. Locarno was the capital of the canton in 1821–27, 1839–45, 1857–63 and 1875–81. In 1838–39, on the initiative of a group of notables, a government building was built. It was sold in 1893 to a private company. It then became the headquarters of Credito Ticinese and since 1917 it has been the headquarters of the [[Electricity Company of Sopraceneri]]. Locarno was repeatedly the scene of political clashes. In 1839 and 1841, uprisings against the government broke out. In 1855, a murder in a coffee house was used as a pretext for a coup of radicals (''pronunciamento'').  Another coup, the Ticino coup of 1890, did nothing to change the balance of power between the parties in the city. After a liberal [[Mayor of Locarno|mayor]] ruled for 35 consecutive years (1865–80), a conservative mayor ruled for another 36 years (1880–1916).<ref name=HDS_Modern/>

To break the conservative hegemony of the late 19th century, the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democrats]], allied with the [[Liberal Party of Switzerland|Liberals]] in 1916 elections. They succeeded to a majority in the city government (which then consisted of nine members, but in 1987 was limited to seven), which they kept in the following decades.<ref name=HDS_Modern/>

In the 19th century, the population in Locarno grew noticeably compared to neighbouring communities. As early as 1836, the immigrant population was over 16% of the population. Between 1860 and 1880, the population fell slightly mainly because of emigration to [[California]]. In the following decades, the growth rates were below those of other population centres of the canton, which, unlike Locarno, benefited directly from the [[Gotthard railway]].

In 1816, the special rights and title of the old mother church of San Vittore in [[Muralto]] went over to S. Antonio Abate. In 1863, snow collecting on the roof of the church caused the [[Vault (architecture)|vault]] to collapse, killing 40 people. The citizens' collective or ''borghesi'' lacked the resources to repair the church. Therefore, in 1866, the ownership and maintenance of the churches of S. Antonio and S. Maria in Selva were given to the town as a whole. For financial reasons, the collapsed church was not completely repaired. Only the façade and central vault were rebuilt and the choir was expanded.<ref name=HDS_Religion/>

Between 1863 and '74, the church of San Francesco had to be used for services, and after 1798, the Assemblies of the neighbourhoods, the city and the county were held in the church. In 1814, the church of San Francesco was [[secularized]] and the [[Franciscans]] had to leave. The church and convent served from 1821 until 1827 as the State Government offices. From 1848 to 1863, the church was closed for worship, and in 1874 it was converted into a barracks and a salt storage. In 1924, it was converted back into a church and used by Benedictines for [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] services delivered in the [[German language]]. The [[Jesuits]] took over this task from 1947 until 1992. The monastery was secularized in 1848, and after the 1893–94 renovation, it housed the first high school. Then in 1930, it was used for teacher training.

===Modern Locarno===
Between 1935 and '92, the newspaper ''L'Eco di Locarno'' was printed in Locarno. In 1992, it merged with the official newspaper of the Liberal party ''Il dovere'' to create the daily newspaper ''La Regione''. Since 1987, the only German language newspaper in Ticino, the ''Tessiner Zeitung'', is published three times each week in Locarno.

==Geography==
[[File:Locarno1.jpg|thumb|Locarno]]
[[File:ETH-BIB-Locarno v. S. aus 800 m-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-001070.tif|thumb|Aerial view from 800&nbsp;m by [[Walter Mittelholzer]] (1919)]]
Locarno has an area, {{as of|1997|lc=on}}, of {{convert|19.27|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Of this area, {{convert|8.39|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 43.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|5.97|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 31.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|4.92|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 25.5% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|1.25|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 6.5% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.91|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 4.7% is unproductive land.

Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.4% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 10.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other specially developed areas made up 2.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.6%. Out of the forested land, 28.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 31.2% is used for growing crops, while 2.1% is used for orchards or vine crops and 10.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.8% is in lakes and 5.7% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 4.6% is unproductive vegetation.<ref>[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=02&key1_testo=Territorio%20e%20ambiente&key1=02&key2=01&key3=01 Altitudine, superficie, secondo il genere di utilizzazione, rilevazione 1992/1997, e densità della popolazione, nel 2000]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003738/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=02&key1_testo=Territorio%20e%20ambiente&key1=02&key2=01&key3=01 |date=7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 25 October 2010</ref>

The municipality is the capital of its district. Locarno is located on the left shore of Lake Maggiore. The city is made up of the old town (historic settlement centre), the new town (Nuovo quartiere) toward the lake and the land district (quartiere Campagna) toward Solduno. The area of the municipality extends from the lake (elevation {{convert|209|m|ft|abbr=on}}) to the mountains above the city (Monti della SS Trinità, Bre, Cardada and Cimetta, the highest point at {{convert|1474|m|ft|abbr=on}}). It includes a large part of the Magadino valley along with the right side of the [[Ticino (river)|Ticino river]], and stretches from the Bolle di Magadino to Monda Contone.

===Climate===
<!--Numers are based on the 1981-2010 period. Do NOT make any period update without updating all numbers in this section-->
Located on the southern Alpine foothills, it is amongst [[Climate of Switzerland|the warmest places in Switzerland]], along with [[Lugano#Climate|Lugano]] and [[Grono, Switzerland#Climate|Grono]]. It is also amongst its wettest places, receiving {{convert|1897|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] per year (in comparison [[Stalden]] receives only 545&nbsp;mm). The wettest month are August and October, during which time Locarno receives an average of {{convert|212|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and {{convert|210|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}  of precipitation respectively. The driest month of the year is February with an average of {{convert|59|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 4.5 days. Although a wet location in general, Locarno averages 99.3 precipitation days and as much as 2171 hours of sunshine per year, or 56% of possible sunshine.<ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/OTL/climsheet_OTL_np9120_e.pdf
| title = Climate Normals Locarno/Monti (Reference period 1991−2020) 
| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss 
| date = 13 January 2022 
| access-date = 13 January 2022}}</ref> The high number of sunshine hours and precipitation is explained by the high intensity of rainfalls that affect the region. In comparison, [[Sion, Switzerland|Sion]] has fewer sunshine hours with three times less precipitation.<ref>[https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/climate/swiss-climate-in-detail/climatology-of-heavy-precipitation.html Climatology of heavy precipitation], Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss. ("For all precipitation accumulation durations, the Ticino stands out as an area affected by very heavy precipitation. At the other end of the scale, the largest amounts reached in the inner Alpine valleys are very modest, especially in the Rhone and the Inn valleys.")</ref> The [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system]] classifies its climate as [[humid subtropical]] (''Cfa'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.locarno.climatemps.com/ |title=Home |website=locarno.climatemps.com}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Locarno/Monti, elevation {{convert|367|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1935)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 24.0
| Feb record high C = 24.5
| Mar record high C = 27.9
| Apr record high C = 31.8
| May record high C = 31.2
| Jun record high C = 35.1
| Jul record high C = 37.3
| Aug record high C = 37.9
| Sep record high C = 30.9
| Oct record high C = 30.5
| Nov record high C = 23.3
| Dec record high C = 22.2
| year record high C = 37.9
| Jan avg record high C = 
| Feb avg record high C = 
| Mar avg record high C = 
| Apr avg record high C = 
| May avg record high C = 
| Jun avg record high C = 
| Jul avg record high C = 
| Aug avg record high C = 
| Sep avg record high C = 
| Oct avg record high C = 
| Nov avg record high C = 
| Dec avg record high C = 
| year avg record high C = 
| Jan high C = 7.3
| Feb high C = 9.4
| Mar high C = 14.0
| Apr high C = 17.5
| May high C = 21.1
| Jun high C = 25.1
| Jul high C = 27.5
| Aug high C = 26.9
| Sep high C = 22.1
| Oct high C = 16.7
| Nov high C = 11.2
| Dec high C = 7.6
| year high C = 17.2
| Jan mean C = 3.9
| Feb mean C = 5.2
| Mar mean C = 9.3
| Apr mean C = 12.6
| May mean C = 16.4
| Jun mean C = 20.4
| Jul mean C = 22.3
| Aug mean C = 21.8
| Sep mean C = 17.6
| Oct mean C = 12.9
| Nov mean C = 7.9
| Dec mean C = 4.4
| year mean C = 13.3
| Jan low C = 1.2
| Feb low C = 2.0
| Mar low C = 5.4
| Apr low C = 8.5
| May low C = 12.2
| Jun low C = 15.9
| Jul low C = 17.8
| Aug low C = 17.4
| Sep low C = 14.0
| Oct low C = 9.9
| Nov low C = 5.4
| Dec low C = 2.0
| year low C = 9.3
| Jan avg record low C = 
| Feb avg record low C = 
| Mar avg record low C = 
| Apr avg record low C = 
| May avg record low C = 
| Jun avg record low C = 
| Jul avg record low C = 
| Aug avg record low C = 
| Sep avg record low C = 
| Oct avg record low C = 
| Nov avg record low C = 
| Dec avg record low C = 
| year avg record low C = 
| Jan record low C = -10.1
| Feb record low C = -9.0
| Mar record low C = -8.8
| Apr record low C = -1.0
| May record low C = 0.9
| Jun record low C = 5.7
| Jul record low C = 9.3
| Aug record low C = 9.2
| Sep record low C = 4.2
| Oct record low C = -0.7
| Nov record low C = -3.5
| Dec record low C = -8.7
| year record low C = -10.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 69.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 64.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 94.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 166.3
|May precipitation mm = 189.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 186.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 162.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 211.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 203.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 209.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 207.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 88.6
|year precipitation mm = 1855.1
| Jan snow cm = 10.1
| Feb snow cm = 8.5
| Mar snow cm = 2.4
| Apr snow cm = 0.1
| May snow cm = 0.0
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 0.0
| Nov snow cm = 1.8
| Dec snow cm = 11.6
| year snow cm = 34.5
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 5.3
| Feb precipitation days = 4.6
| Mar precipitation days = 6.4
| Apr precipitation days = 9.5
| May precipitation days = 11.4
| Jun precipitation days = 10.4
| Jul precipitation days = 9.0
| Aug precipitation days = 10.0
| Sep precipitation days = 9.0
| Oct precipitation days = 9.3
| Nov precipitation days = 9.7
| Dec precipitation days = 6.3
| year precipitation days = 100.9
| unit snow days = 1.0 cm
| Jan snow days = 1.9
| Feb snow days = 1.5
| Mar snow days = 0.5
| Apr snow days = 0.0
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.4
| Dec snow days = 1.9
| year snow days = 6.2
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 60
| Mar humidity = 55
| Apr humidity = 59
| May humidity = 64
| Jun humidity = 64
| Jul humidity = 62
| Aug humidity = 66
| Sep humidity = 70
| Oct humidity = 75
| Nov humidity = 72
| Dec humidity = 67
| year humidity = 65
|Jan sun = 133.6
|Feb sun = 153.0
|Mar sun = 201.7
|Apr sun = 194.5
|May sun = 209.9
|Jun sun = 237.7
|Jul sun = 267.7
|Aug sun = 248.8
|Sep sun = 198.1
|Oct sun = 151.7
|Nov sun = 112.5
|Dec sun = 118.6
|year sun = 2227.8
| Jan percentsun = 60
| Feb percentsun = 61
| Mar percentsun = 60
| Apr percentsun = 53
| May percentsun = 51
| Jun percentsun = 59
| Jul percentsun = 65
| Aug percentsun = 63
| Sep percentsun = 58
| Oct percentsun = 51
| Nov percentsun = 49
| Dec percentsun = 56
| year percentsun = 57
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241211110557/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/LocarnoMonti_06760.csv
| archive-date = 11 December 2024
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/LocarnoMonti_06760.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 11 December 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[MeteoSwiss]]<ref name="MeteoSwiss"/><br/>Infoclimat<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/locarno-monti/valeurs/06760.html
| title = Normales et records 1991-2020 à Locarno Monti
| publisher = Infoclimat
| language = fr
| access-date = 28 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Coat of arms==
The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Azure a lion rampant argent''.<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-ti077.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 3 December 2010</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Locarno Old Streets.jpg|thumb|upright|Old city of Locarno]]
Locarno has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-TI}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-TI|5113}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-TI}}  {{as of|2008}}, 33.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref name="HDS_superweb">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Superweb database – Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628151016/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html |date=28 June 2010 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 19 June 2010</ref> Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 3.7%.

Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speak Italian (76.6%), with German being second most common (10.5%) and [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] being third (3.1%).<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809142611/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date= 9 August 2013 }}  {{in lang|de}} accessed 5 March 2014</ref> Of the Swiss national languages ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}), 1,528 speak German, 189 people speak [[French language|French]], 11,153 people speak Italian, and 27 people speak [[Romansh language|Romansh]].  The remainder (1,664 people) speak another language.<ref name="Lang">[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=01&key1_testo=Popolazione&key1=01&key2=05&key3=00 Popolazione residente, secondo la lingua principale e la religione, nel 2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003908/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=01&key1_testo=Popolazione&key1=01&key2=05&key3=00 |date= 7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref>

{{as of|2008}}, the gender distribution of the population was 46.5% male and 53.5% female. The population was made up of 4,421 Swiss men (29.1% of the population), and 2,636 (17.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,654 Swiss women (37.2%), and 2,474 (16.3%) non-Swiss women.<ref name=Resident/>

In {{as of|2008|alt=2008}} there were 83 live births to Swiss citizens and 45 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in the same period, there were 115 deaths of Swiss citizens and 33 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 32 while the foreign population increased by 12. There were 14 Swiss men and 3 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 87 non-Swiss men and 78 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 159 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 55 people. This represents a [[Population growth#Population growth rate|population growth rate]] of 1.4%.<ref name=HDS_superweb/>

The age distribution, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, in Locarno is; 1,205 children or 7.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,454 teenagers or 9.6% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,791 people or 11.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 2,002 people or 13.2% are between 30 and 39, 2,442 people or 16.1% are between 40 and 49, and 1,979 people or 13.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 1,767 people or 11.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,541 people or 10.1% are between 70 and 79, and there are 1,004 people or 6.6% who are over 80.<ref name="Resident">[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=01&key1_testo=Popolazione&key1=01&key2=02&key3=03 01.02.03 Popolazione residente permanente] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003757/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=01&key1_testo=Popolazione&key1=01&key2=02&key3=03 |date= 7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref>

{{as of|2000}}, there were 6,730 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household.<ref name="SFSO">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date= 5 January 2016 }} accessed 3 December 2010</ref>  {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}} there were 904 single family homes (or 42.1% of the total) out of a total of 2,147 inhabited buildings. There were 252 two-family buildings (11.7%) and 480 multi-family buildings (22.4%). There were also 511 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).<ref>[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=09&key1_testo=Costruzioni%20e%20abitazioni&key1=09&key2=02&key3=01 09.02.01 Edifici]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004037/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=09&key1_testo=Costruzioni%20e%20abitazioni&key1=09&key2=02&key3=01 |date=7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref>

The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2008|alt=in 2008}}, was 0.63%.{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}} there were 8,647 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 3-room apartment of which there were 3,068. There were 856 single-room apartments and 877 apartments with five or more rooms.<ref name="09.02.02 Abitazioni">[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=09&key1_testo=Costruzioni%20e%20abitazioni&key1=09&key2=02&key3=02 09.02.02 Abitazioni]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004053/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=09&key1_testo=Costruzioni%20e%20abitazioni&key1=09&key2=02&key3=02 |date=7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref> Of these apartments, a total of 6,709 apartments (77.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,695 apartments (19.6%) were seasonally occupied and 243 apartments (2.8%) were empty.<ref name="09.02.02 Abitazioni"/>  {{as of|2007}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 10.5 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/>

{{as of|2003}} the average price to rent an average apartment in Locarno was 1046.19 [[Swiss franc]]s (CHF) per month (US$840, £470, €670 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 611.61 CHF (US$490, £280, €390), a two-room apartment was about 816.64 CHF (US$650, £370, €520), a three-room apartment was about 1007.47 CHF (US$810, £450, €640) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1896.51 CHF (US$1520, £850, €1210). The average apartment price in Locarno was 93.7% of the national average of 1116 CHF.<ref name="BFS_rent">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices] 2003 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 26 May 2010</ref>

==Historic population==
The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|2108|Locarno}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Year
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Population
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Italian speaking
! rowspan="2" {{!}} German speaking
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Catholic
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Protestant
! Colspan="4" {{!}}Other
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Swiss
! rowspan="2" {{!}} Non-Swiss
|-
! Total Other
! [[Jewish]]
! [[Islamic]]
! No religion given
|-
| 1591 || 3,725 || || || || || || || || || || 
|-
| 1597 || 3,029 || || || || || || || || || ||  
|-
| 1719 || 3,515 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1769 || 1,751 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1795 || 1,471 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1801 || 1,308 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1824 || 1,463 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1836 || 1,572 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| align="center" | 1850 || align="center" | 2,944 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 2,938 || align="center" | 6 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 2,425 || align="center" | 519
|-
| align="center" | 1870 || align="center" | 2,885 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 2,903 || align="center" | 1 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 2,318 || align="center" | 603
|-
| align="center" | 1888 || align="center" | 3,430 || align="center" | 3,375 || align="center" | 37 || align="center" | 3,399 || align="center" | 22 || align="center" | 18 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 2,664 || align="center" | 766
|-
| align="center" | 1900 || align="center" | 3,981 || align="center" | 3,825 || align="center" | 107 || align="center" | 3,893 || align="center" | 59 || align="center" | 49 || align="center" | 1 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 2,513 || align="center" | 1,468
|-
| align="center" | 1910 || align="center" | 5,486 || align="center" | 5,117 || align="center" | 278 || align="center" | 5,177 || align="center" | 178 || align="center" | 91 || align="center" | 3 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 3,104 || align="center" | 2,382
|-
| align="center" | 1930 || align="center" | 6,575 || align="center" | 5,570 || align="center" | 883 || align="center" | 5,846 || align="center" | 566 || align="center" | 122 || align="center" | 8 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 4,464 || align="center" | 2,111
|-
| align="center" | 1950 || align="center" | 7,767 || align="center" | 6,428 || align="center" | 1,090 || align="center" | 6,887 || align="center" | 751 || align="center" | 249 || align="center" | 9 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 0 || align="center" | 5,980 || align="center" | 1,787
|-
| align="center" | 1970 || align="center" | 14,143 || align="center" | 11,408 || align="center" | 2,000 || align="center" | 12,491 || align="center" | 1,387 || align="center" | 735 || align="center" | 32 || align="center" | 8 || align="center" | 139 || align="center" | 9,603 || align="center" | 4,540
|-
| align="center" | 1990 || align="center" | 13,796 || align="center" | 10,817 || align="center" | 1,604 || align="center" | 11,108 || align="center" | 1,310 || align="center" | 1,375 || align="center" | 7 || align="center" | 129 || align="center" | 728 || align="center" | 9,440 || align="center" | 4,356
|-
| align="center" | 2000 || align="center" | 14,561 || align="center" | 11,153 || align="center" | 1,528 || align="center" | 10,179 || align="center" | 1,072 || align="center" | 1,880 || align="center" | 15 || align="center" | 200 || align="center" | 1,167 || align="center" | 9,430 || align="center" | 5,131
|-
|}

==Heritage sites of national significance==
There are nine Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]] in Locarno. Three of the sites are churches; the church of S. Francesco and former convent, the church of S. Maria Assunta (new church) and the house of the [[Canon (priest)|canons]] and the church of S. Maria in Selva with Cemetery.  The ''Castello Visconteo'' complex (part of which may have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci<ref name="Swissinfo 11 Aug"/>) is on the list. Two schools, the Ai Saleggi primary school and the Secondary School in via Dr. G. Varesi 30, as well as the Cantonal Library, are also listed. The last two are the Pinacoteca comunale Casa Rusca at piazza Sant’Antonio and the Casorella at Via Bartolomeo Rusca 5 make up the rest of the list. The entire city of Locarno is listed on the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte:Ticino |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=de |access-date=7 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902033944/http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=2 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Locarno Castello Visconteo.JPG|Castello Visconteo
File:Locarno Castello Visconteo 2.JPG|Castello Visconteo
File:Santa Maria in Selva, affreschi, XV sec 02.jpg|Santa Maria in Selva mural
File:Santa Maria in Selva, affreschi, XV sec.jpg|Santa Maria in Selva mural
</gallery>

==Main sights==
[[File:Locarno Madonna del Sasso.jpg|thumb|Madonna del Sasso]]
[[File:Botta Cardada.jpg|thumb|Cardada]]
Locarno has a number of interesting sights that draw tourists year-round.

===Astrovia Locarno===
The Astrovia Locarno is a 1 : 1,000,000,000 scale model of the [[Solar System]]. The Sun can be found at the end of Via Gioacchino Respini where the cycle path, which runs alongside the river Maggia, starts. [[Pluto]], the final planet in the model, can be found {{convert|6|km|0|abbr=off}} away from this starting point in the village of Tegna.

===Madonna del Sasso, Cardada and Cimetta===
The sanctuary of [[Madonna del Sasso, Switzerland|Madonna del Sasso]] in [[Orselina]] above the city is the principal sight and goal of pilgrimage in the city.

The founding of the sanctuary goes back to a vision of the Virgin Mary that the [[Franciscan]] brother Bartolomeo d'Ivrea experienced on the night of 14/15 August 1480. The interior is highly decorated, and a platform has views of the city.

The [[Locarno–Madonna del Sasso funicular]] links Locarno city centre with the Madonna del Sasso sanctuary and Orselina. From Orselina, a [[aerial lift|cable car]] operates to the top of [[Cardada]] (el. {{convert|1340|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and a [[chair lift]] goes further to the top of [[Cimetta]] (el. {{convert|1671|m|ft|abbr=on}}).

===Castello Visconteo===
[[Visconteo Castle (Locarno)|Castello Visconteo]], on the edge of the old town, was built in the 12th century, probably as the residence of a Captain Orelli, who remained true to the Emperor. In 1260, it fell into the hands of the [[Ghibelline]]s. In 1342 the Visconti of Milan, for whom it is now named, attacked the castle from both the land and the lakeside and took it. It first came into the hands of the ''[[Old Swiss Confederation|Eidgenossen]]'' in 1503. Today, only a fifth of the original structure remains. Most of that dates from the 15th and 16th centuries. Only the foundation remains from the original structure.
[[File:Locarno spiaggia.jpg|thumb|Locarno strand]]

==Politics==
In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] which received 34.88% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (19.72%), the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (18.75%) and the [[Ticino League]] (9.54%). In the federal election, a total of 3,303 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 40.5%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken/tabellen.assetdetail.216301.html|publisher= Swiss Federal Statistical Office |title=Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien nach Gemeinden|date= 9 January 2013 |language= de|trans-title=National council elections 2007: strength of the parties and voter turnout by municipality| access-date= 1 May 2017}}</ref>

In the {{as of|2007|alt=2007}} ''[[Ticino#Government|Gran Consiglio]]'' election, there were a total of 8,555 registered voters in Locarno, of which 4,291 or 50.2% voted. 90 blank ballots and 15 null ballots were cast, leaving 4,186 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the [[FDP.The Liberals|PLRT]] which received 913 or 21.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 822 or 19.6%), the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|PS]] (with 790 or 18.9%) and the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|PPD]]+GenGiova (with 703 or 16.8%).<ref name="Election">[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=17&key1_testo=Politica&key1=17&key2=02&key3=02 Elezioni cantonali: Gran Consiglio, Consiglio di Stato] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003818/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=17&key1_testo=Politica&key1=17&key2=02&key3=02 |date= 7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref>

In the {{as of|2007|alt=2007}} ''Consiglio di Stato'' election, 66 blank ballots and 23 null ballots were cast, leaving 4,202 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PS which received 946 or 22.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 837 or 19.9%), the SSI (with 768 or 18.3%) and the PPD (with 714 or 17.0%).<ref name=Election/>

==Economy==
[[File:La Ferreira (the ironworks).jpg|thumb|upright|Office building in Locarno]]
{{as of|2007|In 2007}}, Locarno had an unemployment rate of 5.93%. {{as of|2005}}, there were 86 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 23 businesses involved in this sector. 2,385 people were employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there were 158 businesses in this sector. 7,338 people were employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 920 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/> 6,688 residents of the municipality were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.6% of the workforce.

{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, 7,550 workers commuted into the municipality and 2,864 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.6 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 12.1% of the workforce coming into Locarno are coming from outside Switzerland, while none of the locals counted in the census, commute out of Switzerland for work.<ref name="commuter">[http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php |date= 4 August 2012 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref> Of the working population, 10.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 44.1% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>

{{as of|2009}}, there were 30 hotels in Locarno with a total of 777 rooms and 1,536 beds.<ref>[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=10&key1_testo=Turismo&key1=10&key2=03&key3=01 Settori alberghiero e paralberghiero] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003852/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=10&key1_testo=Turismo&key1=10&key2=03&key3=01 |date= 7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref>

==Religion==
[[File:Locarno-Antonio-Abate.jpg|thumb|Church of S. Antonio Abate]]
From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 10,179 or 69.9% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 1,072 or 7.4% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. There are 2,307 individuals (or about 15.84% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 1,003 individuals (or about 6.89% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=Lang/>

==Education==
In Locarno about 57.1% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>

In Locarno, there were a total of 2,210 students ({{as of|2009|lc=on}}). The Ticino [[Education in Switzerland|education system]] provides up to three years of non-mandatory [[kindergarten]] and in Locarno, there were 292 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the village, 648 students attended the standard primary schools and 65 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 512 students in the two-year middle school and 10 in their pre-apprenticeship, while 203 students were in the four-year advanced program.

The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student).<ref>{{Cite report |title=KANTONALE SCHULSTRUKTUREN IN DER SCHWEIZ UND IM FÜRSTENTUM LIECHTENSTEIN / STRUCTURES SCOLAIRES CANTONALES EN SUISSE ET DANS LA PRINCIPAUTÉ DU LIECHTENSTEIN |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |access-date= 24 June 2010 }}</ref> 146 vocational students were attending school full-time and 293 who attend part-time.

The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 41 students in the professional program.<ref>[http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=15&key1_testo=Formazione%20e%20scienza&key1=15&key2=02&key3=01 Allievi e studenti, secondo il genere di scuola, anno scolastico 2009/2010]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003844/http://www.ti.ch/DFE/USTAT/DATI_RIEPILOGHI/default_x.asp?menu=15&key1_testo=Formazione%20e%20scienza&key1=15&key2=02&key3=01 |date=7 July 2011 }} {{in lang|it}} accessed 23 November 2010</ref>

{{as of|2000}}, there were 1,484 students in Locarno who came from another municipality, while 405 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/>

Locarno is home to the ''Biblioteca Cantonale Locarno'' library. The library has ({{as of|2008|lc=on}}) 122,115 books or other media, and loaned out 97,667 items in the same year. It was open a total of 264 days with an average of 44 hours per week during that year.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/02/data.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries] {{in lang|de}} accessed 14 May 2010</ref>

==Transport==
===Air===
Locarno is served by [[Locarno Airport]], a mixed civilian and military airport.

===Rail===
[[Locarno railway station]], situated in [[Muralto]], is served by the [[Swiss Federal Railways]]' [[Giubiasco–Locarno railway]], a branch from the [[Gotthard railway]]. Underground, there is a terminal for the [[Domodossola–Locarno railway]], a [[metre gauge]] link to Italy operated in Switzerland by the [[Regional Bus and Rail Company of Ticino]].

==Crime==
In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the [[Strafgesetzbuch (Switzerland)|Swiss Criminal Code]] (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Locarno was 77.9 per thousand residents, which was 20.6% higher than the national average (64.6). During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 27.2 per thousand residents. This rate is 138.6% greater than the rate in the district, 209.1% greater than the cantonal rate and 174.7% greater than the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 2.6 per thousand residents. This rate is lower than average, only 72.2% of the rate in the canton and only 53.1% of the rate for the entire country.<ref>[https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/11488_11587_3864_7266/19010.html Statistical Atlas of Switzerland] accessed 5 April 2016</ref>

==Sports==
Locarno's football team is [[FC Locarno]]. In 2018, the club filed for bankruptcy, which meant an automatic relegation to the ninth and lowest tier of Swiss football. As of 2024, FC Locarno competes in the fifth-highest tier of Swiss football, [[2. Liga Interregional]].

==Image gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Stadtpark · Walk of Fame - Locarno.jpg|Walk of Fame Locarno is a collection of the handprints made by some of the top musicians who have visited Locarno for the Moon and Stars music festival. 
File:Piazza grande, Locarno (Switzerland).jpg|A landmark and the heart of Locarno. A meeting place for visitors and locals and a venue for major events. 
File:Gioco di scacchi di strada, Locarno.jpg|Giant Chess Boards on the street in Locarno in Piazza Filippo Franzoni
File:Toro di Remo Rossi a Locarno.jpg|In 1975, on the occasion of the 50th peace conference between Germany, France, Belgium, England, Italy, Poland and Czechoslovakia, the artist Remo Rossi donated the ''Toro'' (Bull) sculpture to the city of Locarno. 
File:Sala conferenze dell’Ex Palazzo del Governo a Locarno, ora sede della Società Elettrica Sopracenerina, 2024.png|Conference room of the former Government Palace in Locarno, now headquarters of the Società Elettrica Sopracenerina
File:Interno della torre del castello Visconteo (Locarno).png|Tower interior of the Visconti Castle in Locarno, Switzerland
File:Coppa cilindrica, cosiddetta “degli uccelli”. Età Imperiale, cultura romana (I-IV secolo d.C.).png|Cylindrical cup, so-called “of the birds”. Imperial Age, Roman culture (1st-4th century AD) Muralto, Villa Liverpool. Discovery 1936. Find from 20-50 AD preserved inside the Visconti castle.
</gallery>

== Notable people ==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-10131, Otto Braun.jpg|140px|thumb|Otto Braun, 1930]]
[[File:Mirko Ellis 1953.jpg|140px|thumb|Mirko Ellis, 1953]]
[[File:Genève Indoors 2014 - 20140114 - Oliver Neuville 3.jpg|140px|thumb|Oliver Neuville, 2014]]
* [[Giuseppe Antonio Orelli]] (1700 or 1706 in Locarno – died after 1776), a Swiss-Italian painter, mainly of sacred subjects
* [[Franz Anton Bustelli]] (1723 in Locarno – 1763), modeller for the Bavarian [[Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory]] from 1754
* [[William Bally]] (1796 in Locarno – 1858), a Swiss sculptor and [[phrenologist]] active in [[Manchester]], UK 
* [[Giovanni Battista Pioda]] (1808 in Locarno – 1882), a Swiss politician, member of the [[Swiss Federal Council]] 1857–1864
* [[Otto Braun]] (1872–1955 in Locarno), German politician, [[Prime Minister of Prussia]] 1920 to 1932, lived in exile from 1933
* [[Karl Rapp]] (1882–1962 in Locarno), a German founder and owner of [[Rapp Motorenwerke GmbH]]
* [[Teresina Bontempi]] (Locarno, 1883–1968), an Italian-speaking Swiss writer and editor
* [[Fritz Glarner]] (1899–1972 in Locarno), a Swiss-American painter
* [[Robert Gilbert (musician)|Robert Gilbert]] (1899–1978 in Minusio), a German composer of light music, lyricist, singer and actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0318216/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 January 2019</ref>
* [[Mattli]] (1907 in Locarno – 1982), also known as ''Jo Mattli'', a Swiss-born and London-based fashion designer
* [[Remo Rossi]] (1909 in Locarno – 1982), Swiss sculptor  
* [[Patricia Highsmith]] (1921–1995) an American novelist and short story writer, lived in Locarno from 1982<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0383604/  IMDb Database] retrieved 22 January 2019</ref>
* [[Mirko Ellis]] (1923 in Locarno – 2014), a Swiss-Italian film, stage and television actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0254995/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 January 2019</ref>
* [[Walo Lüönd]] (1927–2012 in Locarno), a Swiss movie actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0530754/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 January 2019</ref>
* [[Livio Vacchini]] (1933 in Locarno – 2007), a Swiss architect
* [[Felice Varini]] (born 1952 in Locarno), a Paris-based Swiss artist
* [[Raffaello Ossola]] (born 1954 in Locarno), a painter, lives in Italy
* [[Francesco Piemontesi]] (born 1983 in Locarno), a Swiss pianist

; Sport
* [[Đurđica Bjedov]] (born 1947), a retired Yugoslav swimmer of [[Croatia]]n nationality, lives in Locarno
* [[Claudio Mezzadri]] (born 1965 in Locarno), a retired professional tennis player
* [[Anamarija Petričević]] (born 1972), a retired Croatian swimmer, lived in Locarno since 1999
* [[Oliver Neuville]] (born 1973 in Locarno), a German retired footballer, won 519 club caps and 69 for the [[Germany national football team|German national team]]
* [[Iradj Alexander]] (born 1975 in Locarno), a race car driver
* [[Charyl Chappuis]] (born 1992 in Locarno), a Thai footballer, won two consecutive [[AFF Championship]]s with Thailand
* [[Saulo Decarli]] (born 1992 in Locarno), a Swiss footballer, won almost 200 club caps
* [[Noè Ponti]] (born 2001 in Locarno), a Swiss Olympic swimmer

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland}}

Locarno is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Lompoc, California]], United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Sister Cities |publisher=City of Lompoc |url=http://www.cityoflompoc.com/information/SisterCities.htm |access-date=2015-02-26 |archive-date=21 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421081702/http://www.cityoflompoc.com/information/SisterCities.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
||
*{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Vevey]], [[Switzerland]]<ref name="Swiss twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.asccre.ch/fr/N208/vaud-waadt-vaud.html |title=Association Suisse des Communes et Régions d'Europe |access-date=2013-07-20 |work=L'Association suisse pour le Conseil des Communes et Régions d'Europe (ASCCRE) |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724051705/http://www.asccre.ch/fr/N208/vaud-waadt-vaud.html |archive-date=24 July 2012 }}</ref>
||
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Montecatini Terme]], [[Italy]]

||
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Venice]], [[Italy]]

||
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Urbino]], [[Italy]]

|}

==See also==
*[[Locarno Treaties]]
*[[List of cities in Switzerland]]
*[[Po Plain]]
*[[Tourism in Switzerland]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Locarno}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.locarno.ch The city of Locarno official website]
*[http://www.ascona-locarno.com/en/ Official Website of Ascona-Locarno Tourism]
*[http://www.cittavecchialocarno.ch The old town of Locarno]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930012133/http://photos.davemcnally.co.uk/pictures/v/holidays/switzerland-2005/astrovia-locarno/ Photo tour of the Astrovia Locarno]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081025111842/http://www.cittavecchialocarno.ch/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=30 Castello Visconteo information]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Locarno |volume= 16|last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= W. A. B. Coolidge| page = 839 |short= 1}}

{{Lago Maggiore}}
{{Municipalities of the district of Locarno}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Locarno| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Free imperial cities]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Ticino]]
[[Category:Populated places on Lake Maggiore]]
[[Category:Lakeside resorts in Switzerland]]