View source for Llŷn Peninsula

{{Short description|Peninsula in North Wales}}

[[File:Llŷn Peninsula near Nefyn, North Wales, UK.jpg|thumb|A bay on the peninsula near [[Nefyn]]]]
[[Image:Lleyn peninsula.png|thumb|right|250px|Location of the Llŷn Peninsula in north Wales]]

The '''Llŷn Peninsula''' ({{langx|cy|Penrhyn Llŷn}} or {{lang|cy|Pen Llŷn|italic=yes}}, {{IPA|cy|ɬɨːn}}) is a peninsula in [[Gwynedd]], Wales, with an area of about {{convert|400|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and a population of at least 20,000. It extends {{convert|30|mi|km|sigfig=1}} into the [[Irish Sea]], and its southern coast is the northern boundary of the [[Tremadog Bay]] inlet of [[Cardigan Bay]]. The peninsula was a [[cantref]] within the medieval [[kingdom of Gwynedd]], and became part of [[Caernarfonshire]] from 1284 until that county was abolished for administrative purposes in 1974. It borders [[Arfon (UK Parliament constituency)|Arfon]] and [[Eifionydd]] to the east, but the boundary is vague.

Historically, the peninsula was travelled by [[pilgrim]]s en route to [[Bardsey Island]] (Welsh: ''Ynys Enlli''), and its relative isolation has helped to conserve the [[Welsh language]] and culture, for which the locality is now famous. This perceived remoteness from urban life has lent the area an unspoilt image which has made Llŷn a popular destination for both tourists and holiday home owners. Holiday homes remain contentious among locals, many of whom feel they are priced out of the housing market by incomers. From the 1970s to the 1990s, a group known as [[Meibion Glyndŵr]] claimed responsibility for several hundred arson attacks on holiday homes using incendiary devices, some of which took place in Llŷn.

The Llŷn [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]] covers approximately {{convert|62|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name= "Llŷn AONB">{{cite web |url=http://www.ahne-llyn-aonb.org/6/en-GB/Where-is-the-AONB- |publisher=ahne-llyn-aonb.org |title=Llyn AONB |access-date=May 6, 2015}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name Llŷn is sometimes spelled ''Lleyn'' in English, although this spelling is now less common. The name is thought to be of Irish origin, and to have the same root – ''[[Laigin]]'' (''Laighin'') in [[Irish language|Irish]] – as the word [[Leinster]] and which also occurs in [[Porthdinllaen|Porth Dinllaen]] on the north coast.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Owen |first1=H. W. |last2=Morgan |first2=R. |date=2007 |title=Dictionary of the Place-names of Wales |publisher=Gomer Press |location=Ceredigion |isbn=978-1843239017}}</ref>

== History ==
Following the death of [[Owain Danwyn|Owain Whitetooth]] (''Owain Danwyn''), [[List of rulers of Gwynedd|king of Gwynedd]], Owain's son [[Einion Frenin|Saint Einion]] seems to have ruled Llŷn as a kingdom separate from his brother [[Cuneglasus]]' kingdom in [[Rhos (North Wales)|Rhos]]. He is credited with having sponsored [[Saint Cadfan]]'s [[clas (ecclesiastical establishment)|monastery]] on [[Bardsey Island]], which became a major centre of [[Christian pilgrimage|pilgrimage]] during medieval times. There are numerous wells throughout the peninsula, many dating back to the pre-Christian era. Many have [[holy well|holy connotations]] and they were important stops for pilgrims heading to the island.

The [[Welsh Triads]] record regional resistance to [[Edwin of Northumbria]]'s incursions into [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] by a regional ruler [[Belyn ap Cynfelyn]] and his ''[[Retinue|Gosgordd]]'' who were allied with [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bromwich |first=Rachel |url=https://www.gwasgprifysgolcymru.org/book/trioedd-ynys-prydein/ |title=Trioedd Ynys Prydein |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=2014 |isbn=9781783161454 |edition=4th |pages=70–287 |language=en}}</ref> In subsequent years Llŷn was raided by [[vikings]], most notably by [[Amlaíb Cuarán|Olaf]] in the late 10th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Edwards |first=Thomas |title=Wales and the Britons |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780198704911 |edition=1st |location=Oxford |page=539 |language=en}}</ref>

The most rural parts are characterised by small houses, cottages and individual farms, resembling parts of south west [[Ireland]]. There are small compact villages, built of traditional materials. The only large-scale industrial activities were quarrying and mining, which have now largely ceased. The granite quarries of northern Llŷn have left a legacy of inclines and export docks and were the reason for the growth of villages such as [[Llithfaen]] and [[Trefor, Gwynedd|Trefor]]. [[Copper]], [[zinc]] and [[lead]] were mined around [[Llanengan]], while {{convert|196770|LT|t}} of [[manganese]] were produced at [[Y Rhiw]] between 1894 and 1945. The [[Penrhyn Dû Mines]] have also been extensively mined since the seventeenth century around [[Abersoch]]. Shipbuilding was important at [[Nefyn]], [[Aberdaron]], Abersoch and [[Llanaelhaearn]], although the industry collapsed after the introduction of steel ships from 1880. Nefyn was also an important herring port, and most coastal communities fished for [[crab]] and [[lobster]].

Farming was originally simple and organic but underwent major changes after the [[Second World War]] as machines came into widespread use. Land was drained and fields expanded and reseeded. From the 1950s onwards, extensive use was made of artificial fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, leading to drastic changes in the appearance of the landscape.

[[File:WalesCommotesMap.png|thumb|205x205px|Commotes of Wales]]

Tourism developed after the railway to [[Pwllheli]] was built in 1867. The town expanded rapidly, with several large houses and hotels constructed, and a tramway was built linking the town to [[Llanbedrog]]. After the Second World War, [[Butlins]] established a holiday camp at [[Penychain]], which attracted visitors from the industrial cities of [[North West England]] and the [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]]. As car ownership increased, the tourist industry spread to the countryside and to coastal villages such as Aberdaron, Abersoch, Llanbedrog and Nefyn, where many families supplemented their income by letting out rooms and houses.<ref>[http://www.ahne-llyn-aonb.org/content/uploads/pdf/anassessment.pdf Llŷn Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty : ''Management Plan : An Assessment of the Area and its Resources'']. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref>

=== Medieval administration ===
During the [[Middle Ages]] the ''[[cantref]]'' of Llŷn was divided into 3 ''[[Commote|cymydau]]'', those being Dinllaen, Cafflogion and Cymydmaen, with their respective capitals at Din Llaen, Denio and Neigwl.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Robert |title=The Age Of Conquest |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-820878-5 |edition=2nd |location=Oxford |page=22 |language=en}}</ref> After the [[Conquest of Wales by Edward I|Edwardian Conquest]] some of these settlements became free boroughs like [[Pwllheli|Denio]] and other like Neigwl faded into obscurity.<ref>[http://www.heneb.co.uk/llynhlc/llynhlcareasenglish/pwllheli19.html Gwynedd Archaeological Trust : ''Historic Landscapes : Pwllheli, Deneio and Penmaen''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118113552/http://www.heneb.co.uk/llynhlc/llynhlcareasenglish/pwllheli19.html |date=2012-01-18}}. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref>

== Geography ==
Llŷn is an extensive plateau dominated by numerous volcanic hills and mountains. The largest of these is [[Yr Eifl]], although [[Garn Boduan]], [[Garn Fadryn|Garn Fadrun]] and [[Mynydd Rhiw]] are also distinctive. Large stretches of the northern coast consist of steep cliffs and rugged rocks with offshore islands and stacks, while there are more extensive sandy beaches on the southern coast, such as [[Porth Neigwl]] and Castellmarch Beach. North of Abersoch a series of sand dunes have developed. The landscape is divided into a patchwork of fields, with the traditional field boundaries, stone walls, hedgerows and ''cloddiau'', a prominent feature.

=== Geology ===
[[Image:Llyn Peninsula and Bardsey Island Geological map 1850.jpg|thumb|right|188x188px|1850 Geological map of part of Llŷn]]

The geology of Llŷn is complex: the majority is formed from volcanic rocks of the [[Ordovician]] period. Rocks of [[Cambrian]] origin occur south of Abersoch. Numerous [[granite]] intrusions and outcrops of [[rhyolite]] form prominent hills such as Yr Eifl, whilst [[gabbro]] is found at the west end of [[Porth Neigwl]]. The western part of the peninsula (northwest of a line drawn from Nefyn to Aberdaron) is formed from [[Precambrian]] rocks, the majority of which are considered to form a part of the Monian Complex and thus to be closely related to the rocks of [[Anglesey]]. Numerous [[Fault (geology)|faults]] cut the area and a major [[shear zone]] – the Llyn Shear Zone – runs northeast to southwest through the Monian rocks. In 1984 there was an [[1984 Llŷn Peninsula earthquake|earthquake beneath the peninsula]], which measured 5.4 on the [[Richter scale]] and was felt in many parts of [[Ireland]] and western [[Great Britain|Britain]].<ref>British Geological Survey, 1994. 1:250,000 scale geological map, ''The Rocks of Wales/Creigiau Cymru''</ref>

The area was overrun by Irish Sea ice during the ice ages and this has left a legacy of [[boulder clay]] and of meltwater channels.

=== Protected sites ===
Llŷn is notable for its large number of protected sites, including a [[National nature reserves in Wales|national nature reserve]] at [[Cors Geirch National Nature Reserve|Cors Geirch]], a [[Heritage Coast|National Heritage Coastline]] and a [[Special Area of Conservation|European Marine Special Area of Conservation]], and 20 [[Sites of Special Scientific Interest]]. The peninsula is home to a rare species of mason bee ([[Osmia xanthomelana]]), found nowhere else.<ref name="Rare Welsh bee features on new series of stamps">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-33967246 |title=Rare Welsh bee features on new series of stamps |publisher=bbc.co.uk |access-date=2015-08-18}}</ref> Much of the coastline and hills are part of the Llŷn [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. The [[Llŷn Coastal Path]], a [[long distance footpath]], enables walkers to fully explore both coasts of the peninsula.

== Lleyn sheep ==
[[File:Lleyn sheep.jpg|right|270px|thumb|A Lleyn ewe]]

The peninsula is the original home of the [[Lleyn (sheep)|Lleyn breed of sheep]]. This is a hardy and prolific breed that has become much more prominent over the last 20 years{{when|date=December 2024}} due to its excellent prolificacy and mothering ability. The sheep are white-faced; on average, ewes weigh about {{convert|70|kg}} and rams {{convert|90|kg}}.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

== Welsh language ==
Until at least the 1960s, a number of [[Welsh language|Welsh]] monoglots still lived in the Llŷn Peninsula.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rhiw.com/hanes_02/llyn_monoglots/monoglots.htm |title=Llŷn's Monoglots in 1968, Rhiw.com |website=www.rhiw.com |access-date=2019-01-26}}</ref> However, before 2001 there had been a decline in Welsh speakers in [[Gwynedd]], which includes the Llŷn Peninsula.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |author=Dr John Davies |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/2755217.stm |title=Census shows Welsh language rise |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-02-14 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref> According to the 2001 census the number of Welsh speakers in Wales increased for the first time in over 100 years, with 20.5 per cent of a population of over 2.9 million claiming fluency in Welsh. The 2001 Census also showed that 73.1 per cent of the population of Llŷn could speak Welsh. Additionally, 28 per cent of the population of Wales claimed to understand Welsh. However, the number of Welsh speakers declined in Gwynedd from 72.1 per cent in 1991 to 68.7 per cent in 2001.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/> By 2003, however, a survey of schools showed that just over 94 per cent of children between the ages of 3 and 15 were able to speak Welsh, making Llŷn one of the foremost [[Y Fro Gymraeg|heartlands of the language]], although, as in the rest of [[North West Wales]], many people are concerned that the influx of [[English language|English]] speakers is damaging the standing of Welsh and threatening its future as a living community language in the area.<ref>[http://cymuned.net/blogsaesneg/?cat=2 Cymuned: "What's happening in Cymraeg-speaking communities"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207173112/http://cymuned.net/blogsaesneg/?cat=2 |date=2009-02-07}}. Evidence by Welsh speakers, including many from Llŷn, compiled by [[Cymuned]] in spring 2006 as evidence for presentation to the [[National Assembly for Wales]] Culture Committee.</ref> The Welsh Language and Heritage Centre of [[Nant Gwrtheyrn]] is situated on the north coast.

=== ''Tân yn Llŷn'' 1936 ===
Concern for the Welsh language was ignited in 1936 when the United Kingdom government settled on establishing a bombing school at [[Penyberth]] on the peninsula. The events surrounding the protest became known as ''[[History of Plaid Cymru|Tân yn Llŷn]]'' ({{lang|en|Fire in Llŷn}}).<ref>John Davies, ''A History of Wales'', Penguin, 1994, {{ISBN|0-14-014581-8}}, page 593</ref> The government had settled on Llŷn as the site for its new bombing school after similar locations in [[Northumberland]] and [[Dorset]] were met with protests.<ref name="Davies">Davies, ''op cit'', page 592</ref> However, British Prime Minister [[Stanley Baldwin]] refused to hear the case against the bombing school in Wales, despite a deputation representing half a million Welsh protesters. Protest against the bombing school was summed up by [[Saunders Lewis]] when he wrote that the British government was intent upon turning one of the "essential homes of [[Welsh culture]], [[idiom]], and [[Welsh-language literature|literature]]" into a place for promoting a barbaric method of warfare. On 8 September 1936 the bombing school building was set on fire by Saunders Lewis, [[Lewis Valentine]] and [[D. J. Williams (Welsh nationalist)|D. J. Williams]], who immediately gave themselves up to the police and claimed responsibility. The trial at [[Caernarfon]] failed to agree on a verdict and the case was sent to the [[Old Bailey]] in London. The "Three" were sentenced to nine months imprisonment in [[Wormwood Scrubs]], and on their release they were greeted as heroes by 15,000 people at a pavilion in Caernarfon.<ref name="Davies"/>

=== Relationship with the property market ===
{{See also|History_of_the_Welsh_language#2001_census_and_second_home_controversy|l1=History of the Welsh language – 2001 census and second home controversy}}
{{further|Gwynedd#Political controversy over housing market and Welsh language}}

The decline in the use of the Welsh language in Llŷn has been attributed to a rise in property prices. Local Welsh speakers are increasingly unable to afford housing in the area as the rise in house prices has outpaced average earnings in Wales. On the other hand, there has been an influx of non-Welsh speakers purchasing properties for retirement or holiday homes.<ref name="Houseprices">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1480685.stm |title=Property prices in England and Wales |publisher=BBC News |date=2001-08-08 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref><ref name="Outstripped">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/1688974.stm |title=House prices outpacing incomes |publisher=BBC News |date=2001-12-03 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref> The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language further complicates the issue, as many new residents do not learn the Welsh language.<ref name="Apology">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1123782.stm |title=Apology over "insults" to English |publisher=BBC News |date=2001-01-19 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref><ref name="Highlands">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/567938.stm |title=Double tax for holiday home owners |publisher=BBC News |date=1999-12-16 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref><ref name="HousingReview">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1527298.stm |title=Controls on second homes reviewed |publisher=BBC News |date=2001-09-05 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/1918383.stm |title=Gwynedd considers holiday home curb |publisher=BBC News |date=2002-04-09 |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref>

== Governance ==
The whole of Llŷn is governed by [[Gwynedd Council|Cyngor Gwynedd]], a [[unitary authority]] established in 1996. The area had traditionally formed part of [[Caernarfonshire]], for which an elected county council had been formed in 1889. Caernarfonshire was abolished in 1974 and incorporated into the new county of [[Gwynedd Council|Gwynedd]], which became a unitary authority under the 1996 reorganisation.<ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10061430&c_id=10001043 A Vision of Britain Through Time : ''Caernarfonshire County''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053307/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10061430&c_id=10001043 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref>

'''Llŷn Rural District''', based in [[Pwllheli]], was created under the [[Local Government Act 1894]] from the area of [[Pwllheli|Pwllheli Rural Sanitary District]]. At the time it covered {{convert|91449|acre|ha|abbr=off}} and consisted of 30 [[civil parish]]es, although the number was subsequently reduced. At the 1901 census, it had a population of 16,816. Under a [[Local Government Act 1929|County Review Order]] in 1934, 18 parishes were abolished with their areas distributed among other parishes; a new parish of [[Buan, Gwynedd|Buan]] was formed by the merger of [[Ceidio]] and [[Llanfihangel Bachellaeth]]; and the parish of [[Dolbenmaen]] was transferred from [[Glaslyn Rural District]]. Five years later, in 1939, [[Edern, Gwynedd|Edern]] was abolished and incorporated into [[Nefyn]].<ref name="llyn">[https://archive.today/20121224101316/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10063887 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llŷn Rural District'']  Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref> The rural district was abolished in 1974, with its area being included in the [[Dwyfor|Dwyfor District]] of Gwynedd, which was itself abolished in 1996 when Gwynedd became a [[unitary authority]]. At the time of abolition, the rural district covered {{convert|114232|acre|ha}} and had a population at the 1971 census of 15,190.<ref name="llyn"/>

'''Pwllheli Municipal Borough''' was the successor to a free borough which was granted a charter by [[Edward the Black Prince]] in 1355. The corporation was abolished by the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]], and replaced by an elected council, which existed until [[Pwllheli]] was included in Dwyfor in 1974, as a result of the [[Local Government Act 1972]].<ref>[http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=37&coll_id=2931&expand= Archifau Cymru : ''Caernarfon Record Office : Pwllheli Borough Council Records''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716084604/http://www.archiveswales.org.uk/anw/get_collection.php?inst_id=37&coll_id=2931&expand= |date=2011-07-16}}. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref>  At the 1841 census Pwllheli had a population of 2,367.<ref>[http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/PageBrowser2?ResourceType=Census&SearchTerms=pwllheli&simple=yes&path=Results&active=yes&titlepos=0&mno=17&pageseq=463 University of Essex: ''Online Historical Population Reports: Enumeration Abstract 1841'']. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref>  By the time of abolition the borough covered {{convert|1211|acres|ha}} and had a population at the 1961 census of 3,647.<ref name="pwllheli">[https://archive.today/20121224134350/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10163020 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Pwllheli Municipal Borough'']. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref>

[[Criccieth Urban District]] was created under the Local Government Act 1894,<ref name="criccieth">{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10121462&c_id=10001043 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224085620/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10121462&c_id=10001043 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 24, 2012 |title=A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Criccieth Urban District'' |publisher=Visionofbritain.org.uk |access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref> and covered the area of the former borough, which had been abolished in 1886 by the Municipal Corporations Act 1883.<ref>[http://195.99.1.70/acts/acts1883/pdf/ukpga_18830018_en.pdf Office of Public Sector Information: ''Municipal Corporations Act 1883'']{{dead link|date=September 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref> The borough charter had been granted by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] in 1284.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111007233050/http://www.criccieth-history.co.uk/page15.html Cymdeithas Hanes Eifionydd: ''The Town and Borough of Criccieth'']}}. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref> The urban district covered {{convert|472|acres|ha}} and at the 1901 census had a population of 1,406.<ref>[http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/PageBrowser2?ResourceType=Census&SearchTerms=pwllheli&simple=yes&path=Results&active=yes&treestate=expandnew&titlepos=0&mno=120&tocstate=expandnew&display=sections&display=tables&display=pagetitles&pageseq=16 University of Essex: ''Online Historical Population Reports: Caernarfonshire 1901'']. Retrieved 14 January 2010.</ref> By the time of abolition and incorporation into Dwyfor in 1974, it covered {{convert|1721|acres|ha}}, and had a population at the 1961 census of 1,672.<ref name="criccieth"/>

=== List of ancient parishes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class="unsortable" style="text-align:left" | Image
! style="text-align:left" | Name
! style="text-align:left" | Period
! style="text-align:left" | Population<br />1961
! style="text-align:left" | [[Community (Wales)|Community]]
! class="unsortable" style="text-align:left" | Refs
|-
| [[File:Aberdaron - Porth Meudwy.jpg|100px]] || [[Aberdaron]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,161 || [[Aberdaron]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10199980 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Aberdaron Civil Parish''] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120630065129/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10199980 |date=2012-06-30 }}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Eglwys Cawrdaf Sant, Abererch - geograph.org.uk - 1289580.jpg|100px]] || [[Abererch]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Llannor]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10413965 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Abererch Civil Parish''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051205/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10413965 |date=2011-06-04 }}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Bardsey Apples - geograph.org.uk - 904586.jpg|100px]] || [[Bardsey Island]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|17 || [[Aberdaron]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10414209 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Bardsey Island Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051239/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10414209 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Porth Ferin, Penrhyn Llyn - geograph.org.uk - 416482.jpg|100px]] || [[Bodferin]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Aberdaron]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10414362 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Bodferin Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051254/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10414362 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2012.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Ty'n Llan, Botwnnog - geograph.org.uk - 615558.jpg|100px]] || [[Botwnnog]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,176 || [[Botwnnog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10088896 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Botwnnog Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051331/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10088896 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Ty Mawr - geograph.org.uk - 225277.jpg|100px]] || [[Bryncroes]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Aberdaron]]<br />[[Botwnnog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415159 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Bryncroes Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051401/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415159 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Eglwys Buan Sant Boduan - geograph.org.uk - 618275.jpg|100px]] || [[Buan, Gwynedd|Buan]] || 1934<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|619 || [[Buan, Gwynedd|Buan]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10010251 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Buan Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051511/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10010251 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:The 6m high and 30m diameter Carnguwch cairn - geograph.org.uk - 702600.jpg|100px]] || [[Carnguwch]] || 1894<br />1934 ||  || [[Pistyll]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415172# A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Carnguwch Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051549/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415172 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Eglwys - Capel Ceidio Sant - Saint Ceidio's Church - Chapel - geograph.org.uk - 555104.jpg|100px]] || [[Ceidio]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Buan, Gwynedd|Buan]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415263 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Ceidio Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051556/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415263 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Cricieth - Criccieth - Ffordd Porthmadog - geograph.org.uk - 1614576.jpg|100px]] || [[Criccieth Urban District]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,672 || [[Criccieth]] || <ref name="criccieth"/>
|-
| [[File:Bod Hyfryd - Traditional Welsh Cottage - geograph.org.uk - 257770.jpg|100px]] || [[Dolbenmaen]] || 1934<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,447 || [[Dolbenmaen]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10076961 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Dolbenmaen Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051606/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10076961 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Y Llong ar ei Newydd Wedd - New-look Ship Inn Edern - geograph.org.uk - 532417.jpg|100px]] || [[Edern, Gwynedd|Edern]] || 1894<br />1939 |||| [[Nefyn]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415330 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Edern Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051624/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415330 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:New Private Housing Development at Llanaelhaearn - geograph.org.uk - 249110.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanaelhaearn]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,242 || [[Llanaelhaearn]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10149861 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanaelhaearn Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051630/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10149861 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Bedd Eifion Wyn ym mynwent Chwilog - Grave of Eifion Wyn in Chwilog Cemetery - geograph.org.uk - 488709.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanarmon, Gwynedd|Llanarmon]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Llanystumdwy]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415512 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanarmon Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051642/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415512 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Beach huts, Llanbedrog - geograph.org.uk - 1050004.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanbedrog]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|883 || [[Llanbedrog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10150000 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanbedrog Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051652/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10150000 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Aberdaron - Porth Neigwl 2.JPG|100px]] || [[Llandegwning]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Botwnnog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415652 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llandegwning Civil Parish''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051659/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415652 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Looking SW to Carn Fadryn from Bronheulog - geograph.org.uk - 269567.jpg|100px]] || [[Llandudwen]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Buan, Gwynedd|Buan]]<br />[[Tudweiliog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415706 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llandudwen Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051712/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415706 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Hen Gychod Abersoch Old Boats - geograph.org.uk - 559301.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanengan]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|2,116 || [[Llanengan]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10172020 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanengan Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051721/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10172020 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Aberdaron - Nant-y-Gadwen Manganese Mine.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanfaelrhys]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Aberdaron]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416747 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanfaelrhys Civil Parish''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052458/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416747 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Ty Newydd farm - geograph.org.uk - 186416.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanfihangel Bachellaeth]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Buan, Gwynedd|Buan]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415731 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanfihangel Bachellaeth Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052545/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415731 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Bedd Melus Medicus - Grave of Melus Medicus - geograph.org.uk - 519824.jpg|100px]] || [[Llangian]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Botwnnog]]<br />[[Llanengan]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415834 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llangian Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052647/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415834 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Porth Colmon, near Llangwnnadl. - geograph.org.uk - 244860.jpg|100px]] || [[Llangwnnadl]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Aberdaron]]<br />[[Tudweiliog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10285276 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llangwnnadl Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052654/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10285276 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Ffynnon Gybi - geograph.org.uk - 102127.jpg|100px]] || [[Llangybi, Gwynedd|Llangybi]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Llannor]]<br />[[Llanystumdwy]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415913 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llangybi Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052715/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10415913 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Field scape below Carn Fadryn - geograph.org.uk - 1049996.jpg|100px]] || [[Llaniestyn, Gwynedd|Llaniestyn]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Botwnnog]]<br />[[Tudweiliog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=12796936 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llaniestyn Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052745/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=12796936 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Dafarn Hir Llannor - geograph.org.uk - 419703.jpg|100px]] || [[Llannor]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|2,039  || [[Llannor]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10236605 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llannor Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052820/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10236605 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Amgueddfa Lloyd George Museum - geograph.org.uk - 691608.jpg|100px]] || [[Llanystumdwy]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|2,056 || [[Llanystumdwy]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10238560 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Llanystumdwy Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052901/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10238560 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Crochendy Sarn Pottery - geograph.org.uk - 357582.jpg|100px]] || [[Mellteyrn]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Botwnnog]]<br />[[Tudweiliog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416449 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Mellteryn Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052948/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416449 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Penrhyn Nefyn - geograph.org.uk - 231514.jpg|100px]] || [[Nefyn]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|2,164 || [[Nefyn]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10287728 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Nefyn Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053025/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10287728 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Porth Gwylan near Tudweiliog - geograph.org.uk - 1050033.jpg|100px]] || [[Penllech]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Tudweiliog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416462 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Penllech Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053056/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416462 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Cromlech Caer-dyni Burial Chamber - geograph.org.uk - 713416.jpg|100px]] || [[Penllyn, Gwynedd|Penllyn]] || 1894<br />1934 ||  || [[Criccieth]]<br />[[Llanystumdwy]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416498 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Penllyn Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053129/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416498 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 12 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Eglwys S Cynfil Penrhos - geograph.org.uk - 519138.jpg|100px]] || [[Penrhos, Gwynedd|Penrhos]] || 1894<br />1934 || || [[Llannor]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416589 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Penrhos Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053150/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10416589 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Porth-y-nant - geograph.org.uk - 96203.jpg|100px]] || [[Pistyll]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|599 || [[Pistyll]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10292487 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Pistyll Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053233/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10292487 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Penlan Fawr Inn - geograph.org.uk - 641612.jpg|100px]] || [[Pwllheli|Pwllheli<br />Municipal Borough]] || 1835<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|3,647 || [[Pwllheli]] || <ref name="pwllheli"/>
|-
| [[File:Porth Towyn, Lleyn - geograph.org.uk - 297761.jpg|100px]] || [[Tudweiliog]] || 1894<br />1974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,003 || [[Tudweiliog]] || <ref>[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10314574 A Vision of Britain Through Time: ''Tudweiliog Civil Parish''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053243/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10314574 |date=2011-06-04}}. Retrieved 13 January 2010.</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Llŷn Peninsula}}
{{Wikivoyage|Llŷn}}
* [http://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Wales+Coast+Path Wales Coast Path: Llŷn Peninsula]
* [http://www.rhiw.com/ Old postcard views and aerial views of the area]

{{Conservation_designations_in_Wales}}
{{Protected areas of Wales}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Llyn Peninsula}}
[[Category:Llŷn Peninsula| ]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Wales]]
[[Category:Landforms of Gwynedd]]
[[Category:Coast of Gwynedd]]
[[Category:Tourism in Gwynedd]]
[[Category:Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales]]