View source for List of wars involving Israel

{{Short description|None}}
{{see also|List of Israel Defense Forces operations|List of conflicts in the southern Levant}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{State of Israel}}
This is a '''list of wars and other major military engagements involving Israel'''. Since its [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|declaration of independence]] in May 1948, the [[Israel|State of Israel]] has fought various wars with its neighbouring [[Arab world|Arab states]], two major [[Palestinians|Palestinian Arab]] uprisings known as the [[First Intifada]] and the [[Second Intifada]] (see [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]), and [[List of Israel Defense Forces operations|a broad series of other armed engagements]] rooted in the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]].

==Wars and other conflicts==
Israel has been involved in a number of wars and large-scale military operations, including:
*'''[[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]''' (November 1947 – July 1949) – Started as [[1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine|6 months of civil war]] between Jewish and Arab militias when the [[Mandatory Palestine|mandate period in Palestine]] was ending and turned into a [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|regular war]] after the establishment of Israel and the intervention of several Arab armies. In its conclusion, a set of agreements were signed between Israel, [[Egypt]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]], called the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], which established the [[armistice]] lines between Israel and its neighbours, also known as the ''[[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]]''.
*'''[[Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency]]''' (1950s–1960s) – Palestinian attacks and [[reprisal operations]] carried out by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] during the 1950s and 1960s. These actions were in response to constant [[Palestinian fedayeen|fedayeen]] incursions during which Arab guerrillas infiltrated from Syria, Egypt, and Jordan into Israel to carry out [[List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967|attacks]] against Israeli civilians and soldiers. The policy of the reprisal operations was exceptional due to Israel's declared aim of getting a high 'blood cost' among the enemy side which was believed to be necessary in order to deter them from committing future attacks.
*'''[[Suez Crisis]]''' (October 1956) – A military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel, beginning on 29 October 1956, with the intention to occupy the [[Sinai Peninsula]] and to take over the [[Suez Canal]]. The attack followed Egypt's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the [[Suez Canal]] after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the [[Aswan Dam]]. Although the Israeli invasion of the Sinai was successful, the United States and USSR forced it to retreat. Even so, Israel managed to re-open the [[Straits of Tiran]] and pacified its southern border.
*'''[[Six-Day War]]''' (June 1967) – Fought between Israel and Arab neighbors [[Egypt]], [[Jordan]], and [[Syria]]. The nations of [[Iraq]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Kuwait]], [[Algeria]], and others also contributed troops and arms to the Arab forces. Following the war, the territory held by Israel expanded significantly ("[[Purple Line (border)|The Purple Line]]") : The [[West Bank]] (including [[East Jerusalem]]) from Jordan, [[Golan Heights]] from Syria, [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] and [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] from Egypt.
*'''[[War of Attrition]]''' (1967–1970) – A [[limited war]] fought between the Israeli military and forces of the [[Egypt]]ian Republic, the USSR, [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], and the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] from 1967 to 1970. It was initiated by the Egyptians as a way of recapturing the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] from the Israelis, who had been in control of the territory since the mid-1967 Six-Day War. The hostilities ended with a ceasefire signed between the countries in 1970 with frontiers remaining in the same place as when the war began.
*'''[[Yom Kippur War]]''' (October 1973) – Fought from 6 to 26 October 1973 by a coalition of Arab states led by [[Egypt]] and [[Syria]] against Israel as a way of recapturing part of the territories which they lost to the Israelis back in the Six-Day War. The war began with a surprise joint attack by Egypt and Syria on the Jewish holiday of [[Yom Kippur]]. Egypt and Syria crossed the cease-fire lines in the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] and [[Golan Heights]], respectively. Eventually Arab forces were defeated by Israel and there were no significant territorial changes.
*'''[[Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon]]''' (1971–1982) – The [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]] relocated to [[South Lebanon]] from Jordan, staged attacks on the Galilee, and used South Lebanon as a base for international operations. In 1978, Israel launched '''[[Operation Litani]]''' – the first Israeli invasion of Lebanon, which was carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in order to expel PLO forces from the territory. Continuing ground and rocket attacks, and Israeli retaliations, eventually escalate into the 1982 War.
*'''[[1982 Lebanon War]]''' (1982) – Began on 6 June 1982, when the [[Israel Defense Forces]] invaded [[southern Lebanon]] to expel the PLO from the territory. The [[Cabinet of Israel|Government of Israel]] ordered the invasion as a response to the assassination attempt against Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, [[Shlomo Argov]], by the [[Abu Nidal Organization]] and due to the constant terror attacks on northern Israel made by the Palestinian guerrilla organizations which resided in Lebanon. The war resulted in the expulsion of the PLO from Lebanon and created an [[Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon|Israeli Security Zone]] in southern Lebanon.
*'''[[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)|South Lebanon conflict]]''' (1982–2000) – Nearly 18 years of warfare between the [[Israel Defense Forces]] and its Lebanese Christian [[Proxy war|proxy]] [[militia]]s against Lebanese Muslim [[guerrilla forces]], led by Iranian-backed [[Hezbollah]], within what was defined by Israelis as the [[Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon|"Security Zone" in South Lebanon]].
*'''[[First Intifada]]''' (1987–1993) – First large-scale [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[uprising]] against Israel in the [[West Bank]] and the [[Gaza Strip]].
*'''[[Second Intifada]]''' (2000–2005) – Second [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] uprising, a period of intensified violence, which began in late September 2000.
*'''[[2006 Lebanon War|Israel–Hezbollah War]]''' (2006) – Began as a military operation in response to the abduction of two Israeli reserve soldiers by the [[Hezbollah]]. The operation gradually strengthened, to become a wider confrontation. The principal participants were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli military]]. The conflict started on 12 July 2006 and continued until a [[United Nations]]-brokered [[ceasefire]] went into effect on 14 August 2006, though it formally ended on 8 September 2006, when Israel lifted its naval [[blockade]] of Lebanon. The war resulted in a stalemate.
*'''[[Gaza War (2008–2009)|Gaza War]]''' or '''Operation Cast Lead''' (December 2008 – January 2009) – Three-week armed conflict between Israel and [[Hamas]] during the winter of 2008–2009. In an escalation of the ongoing [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], Israel responded to ongoing rocket fire from the Gaza Strip with military force in an action titled "Operation Cast Lead". Israel opened the attack with a surprise air strike on 27 December 2008. Israel's stated aim was to stop such rocket fire from and the import of arms into Gaza. Israeli forces attacked military and civilian targets, police stations, and government buildings in the opening assault. Israel declared an end to the conflict on 18 January and completed its withdrawal on 21 January 2009.
*'''[[2012 Gaza War]]''' or '''Operation Pillar of Defense''' (November 2012) – Military offensive on the Gaza Strip.<ref name="bbc-qa-20121119">{{cite news |title=Q&A: Israel-Gaza violence|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20388298|work=BBC News|date=19 November 2012}}</ref>
*'''[[2014 Gaza War]]''' or '''Operation Protective Edge''' (July–August 2014) – Military offensive on the Gaza Strip as a response to the collapse of American-sponsored peace talks, attempts by rival Palestinian factions to form a coalition government, the [[2014 Gush Etzion kidnapping and murder|kidnapping and murder of three Israeli teenagers]], the subsequent [[Kidnapping and murder of Mohammed Abu Khdeir|kidnapping and murder of a Palestinian teenager]], and increased rocket attacks on Israel by [[Hamas]] militants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/israel-steps-up-offensive-against-hamas-in-gaza.html?_r=0|title=Israel and Hamas Trade Attacks as Tension Rises|work=The New York Times|access-date=8 July 2014}}</ref>
*'''[[Israel and the Syrian civil war|Syrian Civil War]]''' and the [[Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war]]. 
*'''[[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis]]''' or '''Operation Guardian of the Walls''' (May 2021) – Riots between Jews and Arabs in Israeli cities. Hamas fired rockets into Israel, with [[Iron Dome]] intercepting the most dangerous projectiles. Israel began airstrikes in Gaza.
*'''[[Gaza war]]''' or '''Operation Iron Swords''' (October 2023–present) – After a [[October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel|Palestinian incursion]] from the [[Gaza Strip]] into [[Southern District (Israel)|Southern Israel]] on 7 October 2023, Israel responded with a [[Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip|devastating bombing campaign]] and [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip|invaded the Strip]]. The war has created a [[Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)|humanitarian crisis in the Strip]] and an [[Gaza Strip famine|ongoing famine]], with experts stating that Israel is perpetrating a [[Gaza genocide|genocide against Gazans]] through its conduct in the war.
*'''[[Israeli invasion of Lebanon (2024–present)|Israeli invasion of Lebanon]]''' or '''Operation Northern Arrows''' (September 2024–present).
*'''[[Iran–Israel war]]''' or '''Operation Rising Lion''' (June 2025–present).

==Table==
Conflicts considered as wars by the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Israeli Ministry of Defense]] (as they were [[Israeli military decorations#Campaign ribbons|named by Israel]] in <small>small text</small>) are marked in '''bold'''.

{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#EFEFEF;"
|-
! width="175" rowspan="2" | Conflict
! width="145" rowspan="2" width=130px | Combatant 1
! width="145" rowspan="2" width=130px | Combatant 2
! width="250" rowspan="2" | Results
! colspan="3" | Israeli commanders
! colspan="2" | Israeli losses
|-
! width="90" | [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]]
! width="85" | [[Defense Minister of Israel]]
! width="85" | [[General Staff (Israel)|Chief of Staff of the IDF]]
! width="55" | IDF<br />forces
! width=40| Civilians
|-
| '''[[1948 Palestine war]]'''
<small>War of Independence</small><br />(1947–1949)
| [[File:Star of David.svg|15px|link=]] '''[[Yishuv]]'''<br/>(before [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|14 May 1948]])<br/>'''{{flag|Israel}}'''<br/>(after 14 May 1948)<hr/>
'''Before 26 May 1948:'''{{tree list}}
* [[File:Haganah Symbol.svg|13px|link=]] [[Haganah]]
** [[Palmach]]
** [[Hish (Haganah corps)|Hish Corps]]
** [[Guard Corps (Haganah)|HIM Corps]]
* [[File:Irgun.svg|15px|link=]] [[Irgun]]
* [[File:Logo of the Lehi movement.svg|15px|link=]] [[Lehi (militant group)|Lehi]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Druze.svg|link=}} [[Druze]] militants<ref>{{cite book |title=Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression |edition=2d |first=Mordechai |last=Nisan |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7864-5133-3 |page=284 |publisher=McFarland |quote=This Jewish-Druze partnership was often referred to as a "covenant of blood," in recognition of the common military yoke carried by the two peoples for the security of the country.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/the_middle_east_journal/v064/64.4.nisan.pdf |title=The Druze in Israel: Questions of Identity, Citizenship, and Patriotism |access-date=2022-02-24 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121451/http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=%2Fjournals%2Fthe_middle_east_journal%2Fv064%2F64.4.nisan.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Allied [[Bedouin]] tribes<ref>''Palestine Post'', "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-.html |title=Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder |last1=AFP |date=24 April 2013 |work=[[Al Arabiya]] |access-date=7 May 2015 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084908/https://english.alarabiya.net/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder- |url-status=live}}</ref>{{tree list/end}}
----
'''After 26 May 1948:'''{{tree list}}
* [[File:Badge of the Israel Defense Forces.svg|20px|link=]] [[Israel Defense Forces]]
** [[Sword Battalion]]{{tree list/end}}
----
'''Foreign volunteers:'''{{tree list}}
* [[Mahal (Israel)|Mahal]]{{tree list/end}}
| {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg|link=}} '''[[Arab Higher Committee#Reconstituted committee, 1945–1948|Arab Higher Committee]]'''<br/>(before [[Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict|15 May 1948]])<br>'''{{flag|Arab League}}'''<br/>(after 15 May 1948)<hr/>
{{tree list}}
* [[File:Arab Liberation Army (bw).svg|23px|link=]] [[Arab Liberation Army]]
* {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg}} [[Army of the Holy War|Holy War Army]]
* {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg}} [[Al-Najjada]]
* {{flagdeco|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]
** {{flagicon image|Palestinian flag 1938.svg}} [[All-Palestine Protectorate]] (after 22 Sep 1948)
* {{flagdeco|Jordan}} [[Jordan|Transjordan]]
* {{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} [[First Syrian Republic|Syria]]
* {{flagdeco|Iraq|1924}} [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]]
* {{flag|Lebanon}}
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia|1938}}
*{{flagcountry|Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|name=Yemen}}{{tree list/end}}
----
{{tree list}}
*'''{{UK}}'''
**{{flag|Mandatory Palestine}} (before 15 May 1948){{tree list/end}}
|'''Israeli victory'''
* '''[[1949 Armistice Agreements]]:'''
* Establishment of the [[Israel|State of Israel]]
* [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt]] and establishment of the [[All-Palestine Government]]
* [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Annexation of the West Bank by Jordan]] (including [[East Jerusalem]])
* [[First Syrian Republic|Syrian]] foothold established to the north and south of the [[Sea of Galilee]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"| [[David Ben-Gurion]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Yaakov Dori]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 4,074<ref name=Sandler>{{cite book|last1=Sandler|first1=Stanley|title=Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=160|isbn=978-1-57607-344-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_xxOM85bD8C&pg=PA160}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"| ~2,000<ref name=Sandler/>
|-
| '''[[Suez Crisis]]'''
<small>Sinai War</small><br />(1956)
| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}}<br />{{flagicon|UK|size=22px}} [[United Kingdom]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA|size=22px}} [[French Fourth Republic|France]]
| {{flagicon|EGY|1952|size=22px}} [[Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Egypt]]
| '''Victory'''
* [[Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula]] [[Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip|and the Gaza Strip]] until March 1957
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Moshe Dayan]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 231
|style="text-align:center;"| ''None''
|-
| '''[[Six-Day War]]''' <br />(1967)
| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}}
| {{nowrap|{{Flagdeco|Egypt|1958}} [[United Arab Republic|Egypt]]}}<br />{{Flag|Ba'athist Syria|1963|name=Syria}}<br />{{Flag|Jordan}}<br />{{Flagdeco|Iraq|1963}} [[Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)|Iraq]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krauthammer |first=Charles |title=Prelude to the Six Days |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=20 June 2008 |date=18 May 2007 |issn=0740-5421 |page=A23 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051701976.html |archive-date=24 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724024352/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051701976.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />{{nowrap|'''Minor involvement:'''<br />{{Flag|Lebanon|1943}}{{Sfnp|Oren|2002|p=237}}}}
|style="background:#efefef"| '''Victory'''
* Israel occupies a total of {{convert|70000|km2|abbr=on}} of territory:<ref>{{cite book| title=Wars in the Third World Since 1945| first=Guy |last=Arnold |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4742-9101-9 |page=299}}</ref>
*The [[Golan Heights]] from Syria
*The [[West Bank]] including [[East Jerusalem]] from Jordan
*The [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[Sinai Peninsula]] from Egypt<ref name="Office of the Historian">{{Cite web |title=Milestones: 1961–1968 |website=Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/arab-israeli-war-1967 |access-date=30 November 2018 |quote=Between June 5 and June 10, Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023065030/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/arab-israeli-war-1967 |archive-date=23 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=weill2007>{{Cite journal |last=Weill |first=Sharon |title=The judicial arm of the occupation: the Israeli military courts in the occupied territories |journal=International Review of the Red Cross |volume=89 |issue=866 |year=2007 |page=401 |quote=On 7 June 1967, the day the occupation started, Military Proclamation No. 2 was issued, endowing the area commander with full legislative, executive, and judicial authorities over the West Bank and declaring that the law in force prior to the occupation remained in force as long as it did not contradict new military orders. |issn=1816-3831 |doi=10.1017/s1816383107001142 |s2cid=55988443 }}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Levi Eshkol]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| [[Moshe Dayan]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Yitzhak Rabin]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 776–983
|style="text-align:center;"| 20
|-
| '''[[War of Attrition]]''' <br />(1967–1970)
| {{flagcountry|Israel}}
| {{ubli|{{flagcountry|Egypt|1958}}|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1955}}|{{Flag|Kuwait}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tucker |first1=Spencer |last2=Roberts |first2=Priscilla |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=596 |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA596}}</ref>}}
----{{ubli|{{Flagdeco|Palestine}} [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]|{{flagcountry|Jordan}}}}
----{{ubli|{{flagcountry|Syria|1963}}<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://dover.idf.il/NR/rdonlyres/0771A94F-B23C-43E6-8955-9630D34B8076/0/WarofAttrition40Years.ppt#262,6 |title=The War: Lebanon and Syria |publisher=Dover.idf.il |access-date=2013-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324150613/http://dover.idf.il/NR/rdonlyres/0771A94F-B23C-43E6-8955-9630D34B8076/0/WarofAttrition40Years.ppt#262,6 |archive-date=March 24, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>|{{flagcountry|Cuba}}}}
|style="background:#efefef"| '''Inconclusive'''
* Both sides claimed victory
* Continued Israeli occupation of [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]].
* [[Black September in Jordan]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[Golda Meir]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Haim Bar-Lev]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 1,424<ref name="MFA">{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/The+Arab-Israeli+Wars.htm |title=The Arab-Israeli Wars |access-date=3 March 2007 |date=2 September 2003 |last=Lorch |first=Netanel |publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309115843/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/history/modern%2Bhistory/centenary%2Bof%2Bzionism/the%2Barab-israeli%2Bwars.htm |archive-date=9 March 2007 }}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"| 227<ref name=Schiff>Schiff, Zeev, ''A History of the Israeli Army (1870–1974)'', [[Straight Arrow Books]] (San Francisco, 1974) p. 246, {{ISBN|0-87932-077-X}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Yom Kippur War]]''' <br />(1973)
|style="background:#efefef"| {{flag|Israel}}
|style="background:#efefef"| {{ubl|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Egypt (1972–1984).svg}} [[History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat#Domestic policy and the Infitah|Egypt]] 
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria (1972–1980).svg}} [[Ba'athist Syria|Syria]]
}}{{bdl|wrap=
; [[#Other countries|Expeditionary forces]]
: {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}{{sfnp|O'Ballance|1979}}{{page needed|date=December 2024}}
: {{flag|Algeria}}{{sfnp|Shazly|2003|p=278}}
: {{flag|Jordan}}
: {{Flagdeco|Libya|1972}} [[Libyan Arab Republic|Libya]]
: {{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg|link=}} [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraq]]
: {{flag|Kuwait}}{{sfnp|Rabinovich|2004|pp=464-465}}
: {{flag|Tunisia|1959}}<ref name="tlas">{{cite web|first=Hamid |last=Hussain |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm |title=Opinion: The Fourth round&nbsp;– A Critical Review of 1973 Arab–Israeli War |date=November 2002 |work=Defence Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116071541/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm |archive-date=16 January 2009}}</ref>
: {{flag|Morocco}}<ref name=tobji>{{cite book |title=Les officiers de Sa Majesté: Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006 |year=2006 |publisher=Fayard |page=107 |isbn=978-2-213-63015-1 |author=Mahjoub Tobji |language=fr}}</ref>
: {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="Ra'anan">Ra'anan, G. D. (1981). ''The Evolution of the Soviet Use of Surrogates in Military Relations with the Third World, with Particular Emphasis on Cuban Participation in Africa''. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation. p. 37</ref>
: {{nowrap|{{flag|North Korea|1948}}}}{{sfnp|Shazly|2003|pp=83–84}}<ref name="david2013">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-north-korea-dogfight-yom-kippur-war-2013-6|title=Israeli F-4s Actually Fought North Korean MiGs During the Yom Kippur War|first=David |last=Cenciotti|website=Business Insider}}</ref>
}}
|style="background:#efefef"| '''Victory'''<ref>References:
* Herzog, ''The War of Atonement'', Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
* Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, ''Yom Kippur War'', Doubleday and Company, Inc, 1974, page 450
* Luttwak and Horowitz, ''The Israeli Army''. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Abt Books, 1983
* Rabinovich, ''The Yom Kippur War'', Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=z58nmWqS94MC ''Revisiting The Yom Kippur War''], P. R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2 {{ISBN|0-313-31302-4}}
* Johnson and Tierney, ''Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics''. Page 177
* Charles Liebman, [https://www.policyarchive.org/bitstream/handle/10207/10011/Liebman-MiddleEasternStudies29.pdf The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Middle Eastern Studies'', Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.</ref>
{{plainlist|
* At the final ceasefire:
* Egyptian forces held {{convert|1200|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} on the eastern bank of the [[Suez Canal|canal]].{{sfnp|Rabinovich|2004|p=467}}
* Israeli forces held {{convert|1600|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} on the western bank of the [[Suez Canal|canal]].{{sfnp|Morris|2011|p=437}}
* Israeli forces held {{convert|500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|0}} of the [[Bashan|Syrian Bashan]] region of the [[Golan Heights]].
}}
|-
| '''[[1978 South Lebanon conflict]]''' 
<small>Operation Litani</small><br />(1978)
| {{flag|Israel}}<br />{{flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg}} [[South Lebanon Army|SLA]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Palestine - short triangle.svg}} [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]
|style="background:#efefef"| '''Victory'''
* Palestinian withdrawal from [[Southern Lebanon|South Lebanon]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[Menachem Begin]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Ezer Weizman]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Mordechai Gur]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 18
|style="text-align:center;"| ''None''
|-
| '''[[1982 Lebanon War]]'''
<small>First Lebanon War / Operation Peace Galilee</small><br />(1982)
| {{ubl|'''{{flag|Israel|size=22px}}'''|[[File:Forces Libanaises Flag.svg|23px]] [[Lebanese Forces (militia)|Lebanese Forces]]{{bulleted list
| {{flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg|size=20px}} [[South Lebanon Army]]}}}}
| {{ubl|[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|23px|border]] '''[[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]'''
| {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} [[Ba'athist Syria|Syria]]}}
{{collapsible list
| title = Others
| {{flagicon image|Lebanese National Resistance Front.jpg}} [[Lebanese National Resistance Front]]
| [[File:Flag of Mourabitoun.svg|20px|border]] [[Al-Mourabitoun]]
| [[File:Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg|20px|border]] [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]]<ref name="PKK1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/pkk-pr.cfm |title=In the Spotlight: PKK (A.k.a KADEK) Kurdish Worker's Party |publisher=Cdi.org |access-date=29 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813012428/http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/pkk-pr.cfm |archive-date=13 August 2011 }}</ref><ref name="PKK2">{{cite web|url=http://www.xs4all.nl/~kicadam/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html |title=Abdullah Öcalan en de ontwikkeling van de PKK |publisher=Xs4all.nl |access-date=29 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215175054/http://www.xs4all.nl/~kicadam/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html |archive-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref><ref name="PKK3">{{cite web|url=http://www.niqash.org/content.php?contentTypeID=75&id=2285&lang=0 |title=a secret relationship |publisher=Niqash.org |access-date=29 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314022637/http://www.niqash.org/content.php?contentTypeID=75&id=2285&lang=0 |archive-date=14 March 2012 }}</ref>
}}
| '''Inconclusive'''
* Israeli tactical victories<ref>Eligar Sadeh [https://books.google.com/books?id=TGHcpPPJrswC&pg=PA119 ''Militarization and State Power in the Arab–Israeli Conflict: Case Study of Israel, 1948–1982''] Universal-Publishers, 1997 p.119.</ref> 
* Israeli strategic failures{{efn|Sources:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naor |first1=Dan |last2=Lewin |first2=Eyal |date=2023-04-03 |title=Was the 1982 Lebanon War a Deviation from Israeli Security Doctrine? |journal=The Journal of the Middle East and Africa |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=219–244 |doi=10.1080/21520844.2023.2171652 |issn=2152-0844|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schulze |first=Kristen E. |date=1996-01-01 |title=Perceptions and Misperceptions: Influences on Israeli Intelligence Estimates During the 1982 Lebanon War |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/4529/5356 |journal=Journal of Conflict Studies |language=en |issn=1715-5673 |quote=The failure of the invasion can be seen as the result of a number of misconceptions by the Israelis. The most prominent misconceptions underlying Israel's policy were: that Lebanon had a Christian majority, that the position of the president was a strong one, that the Lebanese Forces were powerful, that the Maronites wanted a Christian state, that the Maronite faction they were liaising with represented all Maronites, and that the Maronites were reliable.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Katz |first=Andrew Z. |title=5 Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon to Secure Peace in the Galilee |date=2017-07-01 |pages=135–162 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781626376687-007/pdf?licenseType=restricted |access-date=2024-09-26 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |language=en |doi=10.1515/9781626376687-007 |isbn=978-1-62637-668-7 |quote=The failure of Operation Peace of [sic] Galilee to achieve its objective prevailed upon the new national coalition government, which took office in 1984, to withdraw forthwith from Lebanon.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 1985 |title=Israel's 3-Year War in Lebanon Ends, But Some Troops Remain Behind |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/06/07/israels-3-year-war-in-lebanon-ends-but-some-troops-remain-behind/c4b0c9a7-9a1b-49df-a6db-3d6f88f5f1da/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=In the latest poll, in May, 36 percent of the public still said it was right to launch the war in 1982 and 60 percent said it was wrong. Significantly, 75 percent said the war was a failure.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kainikara |first=Sanu |date=2007 |title=Pathways to Victory: Observations from the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah Conflict |url=https://airpower.airforce.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-03/AP15-Pathways-to-Victory.pdf |quote=The failure of the political objectives of Operation Peace for Galilee highlights a significant disconnect in Israel's execution of the conflict. In the opinion of John Garofano, Israel's political leaders, especially Ariel Sharon, had overestimated the time available and underestimated the cost in lives to achieve these goals. Corroborating this view, Shlomo Gazit, a former head of Israeli military intelligence says that both Begin and Sharon 'chose to isolate themselves from their intelligence advisors and never evinced the slightest doubt that they could achieve their objective'. As the siege of Beirut continued, Sharon's ability to direct IDF operations was gradually restricted by his cabinet colleagues to the point that he could only issue piecemeal orders. Meanwhile, the IDF suffered large numbers of casualties in fierce urban fighting and later became bogged down in two decades of a low-intensity war against Hezbollah that it could not win}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hertling |first=Mark |title=What I Learned from Watching the Israeli Army |url=https://www.thebulwark.com/p/what-i-learned-from-watching-the-israeli-army |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.thebulwark.com |language=en |quote=In 1982, the IDF were initially successful, but changes in government policy and civilian leaders' strategic objectives caused mission creep, dysfunction, and eventual failure to achieve military goals. Israel withdrew its forces to the border areas by 1985, and withdrew further to the international boundary in 2000.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Rashid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zR2NAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 |title=Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the 1982 War |date=2014-01-04 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-53595-3 |page=45 |language=en |quote=However, the failure of "Operation Peace for Galilee" goes far beyond the objectives implied by the war's shrewdly chosen code name, since those who planned it had set their sights much farther afield.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hammes |first=Thomas X. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2Ux1lz0PUgC&pg=PA105 |title=The Sling and the Stone: On War in the 21st Century |date=2006-02-17 |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-0-7603-2407-3 |page=105 |language=en |quote=Adding to their frustration was the most recent and only failure of the Israeli Defense Force (IDF): Operation Peace for Galilee, the ill-fated invasion of Lebanon.}}</ref>}}
* [[PLO withdrawal from Lebanon|PLO expulsion from Lebanon]].<ref>References:
* ''Armies in Lebanon 1982–84'', Samuel Katz and Lee E. Russell, Osprey Men-At-Arms series No. 165, 1985
* {{cite book|last=Hirst|first=David|title=Beware of Small States |publisher=NationBooks |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-56858-657-1 |pages=144–145|quote=In time, however, Arafat and his guerrilla leadership decided that they would have to withdraw, leaving no military and very little political or symbolic presence behind. Their enemy's firepower and overall strategic advantage were too great and it was apparently ready to use them to destroy the whole city over the heads of its inhabitants. The rank and file did not like this decision, and there were murmurings of 'treason' from some of Arafat's harsher critics. Had they not already held out, far longer than any Arab country in any former war, against all that the most powerful army in the Middle East – and the fourth most powerful in the world, according to Sharon – could throw against them? (...) But [Palestinians] knew that, if they expected too much, they could easily lose [Lebanese Muslim support] again. 'If this had been Jerusalem', they said, 'we would have stayed to the end. But Beirut is not outs to destroy.}}</ref>
*End of the [[Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon]]
*Beginning of the [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)]]
*Start of the [[Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Ariel Sharon]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Rafael Eitan]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 657
|style="text-align:center;"| 2–3
|-
| '''[[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)|South Lebanon conflict]]''' 
<small>Security Zone Campaign</small><br />(1982–2000)
| {{ubl|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg|size=22px}} [[South Lebanon Army]]}}
| {{ubl|{{flag|Hezbollah}}|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg|size=22px}} [[Lebanese Resistance Regiments|Amal]]|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg|size=22px}} [[Lebanese Communist Party]]|{{flagicon image|Lebanese National Resistance Front.jpg|size=22px}} [[Lebanese National Resistance Front|Jammoul]]|{{flagicon image|PFLP-GC Flag.svg|size=22px}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command|PFLP–GC]]}}
| '''Hezbollah-led victory'''<ref>References:
*Helmer, Daniel Isaac. Flipside of the Coin: Israel's Lebanese Incursion Between 1982 and 2000. DIANE Publishing, 2010.
*{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/26/newsid_2496000/2496423.stm|title=2000: Hezbollah celebrates Israeli retreat|date=26 May 2000|access-date=25 July 2006}}</ref>
* Collapse of the SLA and [[South Lebanon security belt administration|its provisional government]]<ref name='bicom_timeline'>
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://www.bicom.org.uk/context/timelines/land-for-peace-timeline
 |title       = Land for Peace Timeline
 |year        = 2006
 |publisher   = [[Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre]]
 |access-date  = 25 January 2011
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20101222200832/http://www.bicom.org.uk/context/timelines/land-for-peace-timeline
 |archive-date = 22 December 2010}}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/0719/Hezbollah-101-Who-is-the-militant-group-and-what-does-it-want/Is-Hezbollah-a-Lebanese-political-party-or-a-proxy-of-Iran-and-Syria | title = Hezbollah 101: Who is the militant group, and what does it want? | work=The Christian Science Monitor| date = 19 July 2012 | access-date = 4 October 2012 | quote = Iran has also played an instrumental role in building up Hezbollah's military capabilities over the years, which enabled the group's impressive military wing to oust Israel from south Lebanon in 2000 }}</ref>
* Israeli withdrawal and end [[Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon|of its occupation of Southern Lebanon]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Shimon Peres]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Yitzhak Rabin]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Moshe Levi]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 559
|style="text-align:center;"| 7
|-
| '''[[First Intifada]]''' <br />(1987–1993)
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{tree list}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Palestine - short triangle.svg}} [[Unified National Leadership of the Uprising|Al-Qiyada al-Muwhhada]]
** {{flag|Fatah}}
** {{flag|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
** {{flag|Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
** {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Palestinian People's Party|Palestinian Communist Party]]<hr>
* {{flag|Hamas}}
* {{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}
{{tree list/end}}
| '''Palestinian Uprising suppressed'''<ref>Kober, Avi, ''Israel's Wars of Attrition: Attrition Challenges to Democratic States'', p. 165</ref>
* [[Madrid Conference of 1991|Madrid Conference]] 
* [[Oslo I Accord]]
* [[Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition|Israel–PLO Letters of Mutual Recognition]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Murphy |first=Kim |date=10 September 1993 |title=Israel and PLO, in Historic Bid for Peace, Agree to Mutual Recognition |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html |access-date=19 March 2014 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-date=6 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406122957/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html }}</ref>
* Establishment of the [[Palestinian National Authority]]
* Creation of the [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord|West Bank "Areas"]] by the [[Oslo II Accord]] in 1995
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Yitzhak Shamir]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Dan Shomron]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 60
| style="text-align:center;" | 100
|-
| '''[[Second Intifada]]''' <br />(2000–2005)
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{tree list}}
* {{flag|Palestinian Authority}}
** {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Palestine Liberation Organization|PLO]]
*** {{flag|Fatah}}
*** {{flag|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
*** {{flag|Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
** {{flag|Hamas}}
** {{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}
** {{flag|Popular Resistance Committees}}
{{tree list/end}}
| '''Victory'''
* Palestinian uprising suppressed.<ref>Sources:
* {{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/years-of-rage-1.316603 |title=Years of Rage |author=Amos Harel |author2=Avi Issacharoff |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=1 October 2010 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-sep-28-fg-intifada28-story.html |title=Losing faith in the intifada |author=Laura King |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 September 2004 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52801-2004Sep26.html |title=From Jenin to Falluja |author=Jackson Diehl |author-link=Jackson Diehl |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=27 September 2004 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0704/chafets_2004_07_22.php3 |title=The Intifadeh is over – just listen |author=Zeev Chafetz |author-link=Ze'ev Chafets |newspaper=World Jewish Review |date=22 July 2004 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite web |url=http://jcpa.org/article/winning-counterinsurgency-war-the-israeli-experience/ |title=Winning the counterinsurgency war: The Israeli experience |author=[[Yaakov Amidror]] |website=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |date=23 August 2010 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/docs/perspectives57Eng.pdf |title=The need for a decisive Israeli victory over Hamas |author=Hillel Frisch |publisher=[[Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies]] |date=12 January 2009 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite thesis |degree=Master |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA449421 |title=The "Defensive Shield" Operation as a Turning Point in Israel's National Security Strategy |author=Ofek Bouchriss |publisher=[[United States Army War College]] |date=15 March 2006 |access-date=28 September 2014 |via=Defence Technology Information Center}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50910-2004Jun17.html |title=Israel's Intifada Victory |author=Charles Krauthammer |author-link=Charles Krauthammer |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=18 June 2004 |page=A29 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3558676,00.html |title=2nd Intifada forgotten |author=Sever Plocker |work=[[Ynetnews]] |date=22 June 2008 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus64.pdf |title=Lessons from the Palestinian "war" against Israel |author=Moshe Yaalon |author-link=Moshe Ya'alon |publisher=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]] |date=January 2007 |pages=14–15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209114509/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pubPDFs/PolicyFocus64.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2007}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3957131,00.html |title=Letting the IDF win |author=Yoaz Hendel |author-link=Yoaz Hendel |work=[[Ynetnews]] |date=20 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0904/halevi_israeli_victory.php3?printer_friendly |title=Israel's unexpected victory over terrorism |author=Yossi Klein Halevi |author-link=Yossi Klein Halevi |author2=Michael B. Oren |author2-link=Michael Oren |newspaper=World Jewish Review |date=20 September 2004 |access-date=28 September 2014}}
* {{cite book |author1=Zvi Shtauber|author2=Yiftah Shapir|title=The Middle East strategic balance, 2004–2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7C-ZDXrfOgC&pg=PA7|access-date=12 February 2012|year=2006 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-84519-108-5|page=7}}</ref>
* Israeli forces withdraw from the [[Gaza Strip]]
* Israel initiates the [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza|Gaza disengagement plan]]
* Israel constructs the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|West Bank barrier]]
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | [[Ariel Sharon]]
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | [[Shaul Mofaz]]
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | [[Moshe Ya'alon]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 301
|style="text-align:center;"| 773
|-
| '''[[2006 Lebanon War]]'''
<small>Second Lebanon War / Operation Just Reward</small><br />(2006)
| '''{{flag|Israel}}'''
| {{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} '''[[Hezbollah]]'''
{{collapsible list
|title=Allies:
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Amal Movement|Amal]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lebanese Communist Party.svg}} [[Popular Guard]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HH17Ak02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831215221/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HH17Ak02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=31 August 2006|title=Amid the bombs, unity is forged|author=Herbert Docena|work=[[Asia Times]]|date=17 August 2006|quote=The LCP ... has itself been very close to Hezbollah and fought alongside it in the frontlines in the south. According to Hadadeh, at least 12 LCP members and supporters died in the fighting.|access-date=25 November 2011}}
</ref>
|{{flagicon image|PFLP-GC Flag.svg}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command|PFLP-GC]]<ref>{{Cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203070450/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154525814854&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull|archive-date=3 February 2012 |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154525814854&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|title=PFLP claims losses in IDF strike on Lebanon base|agency=Associated Press|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=6 August 2006}}</ref>
|{{flag|Iran}} (''[[Ynet]]'' report)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3280446,00.html |title=Iranian soldiers join Hizbullah in fighting |first=Aaron |last=Klein |date=27 July 2006 |work=Ynet |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920100923/https://www.ynetnews.com/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3280446,00.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Courts Union|ICU]] (U.N. report)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Worth |first=Robert F. |date=2006-11-15 |title=U.N. Says Somalis Helped Hezbollah Fighters |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/15/world/middleeast/15nations.html |access-date=2023-10-26 |issn=0362-4331 |quote=More than 700 Islamic militants from Somalia traveled to Lebanon in July to fight alongside Hezbollah in its war against Israel, a United Nations report says. The militia in Lebanon returned the favor by providing training and — through its patrons Iran and Syria — weapons to the Islamic alliance struggling for control of Somalia, it adds.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-15 |title=Report: Over 700 Somalis fought with Hizbullah |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/report-over-700-somalis-fought-with-hizbullah |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
}}
| '''Inconclusive'''
* [[Ceasefire]] through [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701|UNSCR 1701]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[Ehud Olmert]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Amir Peretz]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Dan Halutz]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 121
|style="text-align:center;"| 44
|-
| [[Gaza War (2008–2009)|'''Gaza War''']] 
<small>Operation Cast Lead</small><br />(2008–2009)
| {{tree list}}
*{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]]
**{{flagicon|Israel|military}} [[Israel Defense Forces]]
** [[Israel Security Agency]]
{{tree list/end}}
| {{tree list}}
*{{flag|Gaza Strip}}
** {{flag|Hamas}}
*** {{flagicon|Hamas}} [[Ezzedeen al-Qassam Brigades]]
** {{flag|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
*** {{flagicon|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}} [[Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades]]
** {{flag|Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine}}
*** {{flagicon|Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine}} [[Al-Quds Brigades]]
** {{armed forces|Fatah}}
** {{flagicon|Popular Resistance Committees}} [[Popular Resistance Committees]]
{{tree list/end}}
| '''Victory'''
* IDF declared [[unilateral]] ceasefire, 12 hours later Hamas announced a [[Tahdiya|one-week ceasefire]].
* [[Effects of the Gaza War#Gaza humanitarian crisis|Humanitarian crisis]] and deterioration of infrastructure and basic services in Gaza.<ref name="ocha_report_1_2">{{Cite news |title=Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report – January 2, 2009 as of 14:30 |date=2009-01-02 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_situation_report_2009_01_02_english.pdf |access-date=2009-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114195338/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_situation_report_2009_01_02_english.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2009 }}</ref>
* Temporary reduction in the number of [[List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel, 2009|rockets]] being fired from the Gaza Strip.
* [[Gaza War (2008–09)#Aftermath|See results]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[Ehud Barak]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Gabi Ashkenazi]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 10
|style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| [[2012 Gaza War|'''Gaza War''']] 
<small>Operation Pillar of Defense</small><br />(2012)
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{tree list}}
*{{flagicon|Gaza}} [[Gaza Strip]] 
** {{flag|Hamas}}
*** {{flagicon|Hamas|}} [[Al-Qassam Brigades]]
** {{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/IDF-believes-Hamas-Islamic-Jihad-will-honor-cease-fire|title=IDF believes Hamas, Islamic Jihad will honor cease-fire|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=22 November 2012|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213031009/https://www.jpost.com//Defense/IDF-believes-Hamas-Islamic-Jihad-will-honor-cease-fire|url-status=live}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|PFLP-GC Flag.svg|size=22px}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command]]
** {{flag|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}<ref name=Maan>{{cite news|title=PFLP says fighters will continue to strike Israel|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=538618|agency=[[Ma'an News Agency]]|date=17 November 2012|access-date=17 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108191715/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=538618|archive-date=8 November 2014}}</ref>
** {{flag|Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
** {{flagicon|Popular Resistance Committees}} [[Popular Resistance Committees]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9107120872 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216065258/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9107120872 |archive-date=16 December 2012 |title=Occupied Quds City Targeted by Palestinian Missile |agency=[[Fars News Agency]] |date=20 November 2012 |access-date=3 June 2013 }}</ref>
** {{Armed forces|Fatah}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Fatah: We also fought against Israel in Pillar of Defense|url=http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Fatah-We-also-fought-Israel-in-Pillar-of-Defense|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=24 November 2012|access-date=24 November 2012|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214082028/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Fatah-We-also-fought-Israel-in-Pillar-of-Defense|url-status=live}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Infobox Jaysh al-Ummah.jpg}} [[Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)|Jaysh al-Ummah]]<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/jaysh_al_umma_gaza/ |title=Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza) |author= |work=[[European Council on Foreign Relations]] |date= |access-date=18 June 2021 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106211556/https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/jaysh_al_umma_gaza/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
| '''Ceasefire'''
* both sides claim victory<ref>{{cite news|first1=Ernesto|last1=Londoño|first2=Michael|last2=Birnbaum|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/clinton-arrives-in-middle-east-as-prospects-of-gaza-cease-fire-look-uncertain/2012/11/20/02f8be9c-3397-11e2-bfd5-e202b6d7b501_story.html|title=After Israel, Hamas reach Gaza cease-fire, both sides claim victory|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=21 November 2012|access-date=22 November 2012|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223075644/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/clinton-arrives-in-middle-east-as-prospects-of-gaza-cease-fire-look-uncertain/2012/11/20/02f8be9c-3397-11e2-bfd5-e202b6d7b501_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Matthew|last1=Kalman|first2=Kim|last2=Sengupta|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/fragile-truce-deal-hailed-as-a-victory-on-both-sides-8340694.html|title=Fragile truce deal hailed as a victory on both sides|work=The Independent|date=21 November 2012|access-date=21 November 2012|location=London|archive-date=23 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223082701/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/fragile-truce-deal-hailed-as-a-victory-on-both-sides-8340694.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Raphael|last=Ahren|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-says-it-fulfilled-all-its-goals-while-hamas-hails-an-exceptional-victory-pillar-of-defense-gaza/|title=Israel says it 'fulfilled all its goals,' while Hamas hails an 'exceptional victory'|work=The Times of Israel|date=21 November 2012|access-date=21 November 2012|archive-date=22 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204840/http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-says-it-fulfilled-all-its-goals-while-hamas-hails-an-exceptional-victory-pillar-of-defense-gaza/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* According to Israel, the operation "severely impaired Hamas's launching capabilities."<ref>{{cite news|editor-first=Alistair|editor-last=Lyon|url=http://www.jewishjournal.com/israel/article/israels_battle_damage_report_says_hamas_crippled|title=Israel's battle damage report says Hamas crippled|work=Jewish Journal|date=21 November 2012|agency=Reuters|access-date=22 November 2012|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216082834/http://www.jewishjournal.com/israel/article/israels_battle_damage_report_says_hamas_crippled|url-status=live}}</ref>
* According to Hamas, their rocket strikes led to the ceasefire deal<ref>{{cite news|last=Balmer|first=Crispian|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-winners-idUSBRE8AK1IM20121121|title=Analysis: Relief at Gaza ceasefire can't mask its frailty|work=Reuters|date=21 November 2012|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308023514/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-winners-idUSBRE8AK1IM20121121|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Cessation of rocket fire from Gaza into Israel.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ravid|first=Barak|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-s-pillar-of-defense-achieved-its-goals.premium-1.479674|title=Israel's Pillar of Defense achieved its goals|work=Haaretz|date=22 November 2012|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-date=12 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512171407/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-s-pillar-of-defense-achieved-its-goals.premium-1.479674|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Gaza fishermen allowed {{convert|6|nmi|km|0|abbr=on}} out to sea for fishing;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/11/2012112592819190218.html|title=Israel eases restrictions on Gaza fishing – Middle East – Al Jazeera English|publisher=Aljazeera.com|date=25 November 2012|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801033103/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/11/2012112592819190218.html|url-status=live}}</ref> reduced back to {{convert|3|nmi|km|0|abbr=on}}  after 22 March 2013<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Dan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-truce-idUSBRE92L0DU20130322|title=Hamas appeals to Egypt after Israel halves Gaza fishing zone|work=Reuters|date=22 March 2013|access-date=3 June 2013|archive-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311020716/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-truce-idUSBRE92L0DU20130322|url-status=live}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[Benny Gantz]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 2
|style="text-align:center;"| 4
|-
| '''[[2014 Gaza War|Gaza War]]''' 
<small>Operation Protective Edge</small><br />(2014)
| {{flag|Israel}}
| {{tree list}}
* {{flag|Gaza Strip}}
** {{flag|Hamas}}
** {{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}
** {{flag|Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}<ref name=maan715014>"[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=715014 Qassam brigades claim rocket, mortar fire at southern Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219025332/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=715014 |date=19 December 2014 }}", Ma'an News Agency, Monday 21 July 2014.</ref>
** {{flag|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pflp.ps/english/2014/08/09/abu-jamal-palestinian-resistance-continues-to-confront-the-occupier-with-rockets-and-missiles |title=Abu Jamal: Palestinian resistance continues to confront the occupier with rockets and missiles |publisher=PFLP |access-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812224510/http://pflp.ps/english/2014/08/09/abu-jamal-palestinian-resistance-continues-to-confront-the-occupier-with-rockets-and-missiles/ |archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>
** {{flag|Popular Resistance Committees}}
** {{armed forces|Fatah}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/moderate-fatah-joins-hamas-and-islamic-jihad-in-missile-launches |title=Armed wing linked to Mahmoud Abbas's faction says it shot rockets at Ashkelon, Sderot and elsewhere Wednesday night |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020034630/http://www.timesofisrael.com/moderate-fatah-joins-hamas-and-islamic-jihad-in-missile-launches/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Abdullah Azzam Brigades]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ben Solomon |first1=Ariel |title=Videos show Lebanese jihadi group active in Gaza |url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Videos-show-Lebanese-jihadi-group-active-in-Gaza-362355 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=11 July 2014 |access-date=11 July 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127054054/https://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Videos-show-Lebanese-jihadi-group-active-in-Gaza-362355 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Infobox Jaysh al-Ummah.jpg}} [[Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)|Jaysh al-Ummah]]<ref name="auto"/>
{{tree list/end}}
| '''Both sides claim victory'''
* According to Hamas, Israel was repelled from Gaza<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israelgaza-conflict-hamas-says-longterm-truce-agreed-with-israel-9691910.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israelgaza-conflict-hamas-says-longterm-truce-agreed-with-israel-9691910.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Israel-Gaza conflict: Hamas claims 'victory for the resistance' as long-term truce is agreed with Israel |work=The Independent |access-date=30 September 2014 |location=London |first1=Mohammed |last1=Daraghmeh |first2=Karin |last2=Laub |date=26 August 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* According to Israel, Hamas was severely weakened and achieved none of its demands<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netanyahu: Hamas suffered its greatest blow since it was founded |url=https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/netanyahu-hamas-failed-achieved-nothing-except-sustaining-worst-blow-since-its-founding-372535 |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=27 August 2014 |language=en-US |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527093925/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Netanyahu-Hamas-failed-achieved-nothing-except-sustaining-worst-blow-since-its-founding-372535 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Moshe Ya'alon]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 67
|style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
|[[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis|'''Israel–Palestine crisis''']]
(2021)
|{{tree list}}
* {{flag|Israel}}
** {{armed forces|Israel}}
*** {{air force|Israel}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel Police.svg}} [[Israel Police]]
*** {{flagicon image|Flag of Israel Border Police.svg}} [[Israel Border Police]]
** [[Shin Bet]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=How data and AI drove the IDF operation in Gaza|language=en|work=Ynet News|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/SJ2rHS6Y00|date=29 May 2021|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-date=1 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601182020/https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/SJ2rHS6Y00|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Shin Bet aiding attempt to clamp down on Jewish-Arab 'terror' wracking cities|language=en|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/shin-bet-aiding-attempt-to-clamp-down-on-jewish-arab-terror-wracking-cities/|date=14 May 2021|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213533/https://www.timesofisrael.com/shin-bet-aiding-attempt-to-clamp-down-on-jewish-arab-terror-wracking-cities/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
----
[[Israeli Jews|Jewish Israeli]] protesters
|{{tree list}}
* {{flag|Gaza Strip}}
** {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]]
** {{flagicon|Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine}} [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]]
** {{flag|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}
** {{Armed forces|Fatah}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Marwan |last=Maher |title=كتائب الأقصى تعلن مشاركتها في ضرب إسرائيل بضرب 106 صاروخ وقذيفة |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2330117 |website=[[Al-Masry Al-Youm]] |language=ar-AR |date=13 May 2021 |access-date=21 May 2021 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520201928/https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2330117 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Smaller [[Palestinian political violence|militant groups]]{{efn|Besides Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, ''[[FDD's Long War Journal]]'' identified the following militant groups as having fought in the 2021 conflict: [[Jihad Jibril Brigades]], Humat al-Aqsa, [[Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)|Jaysh al-Ummah]], [[Katibat al-Sheikh al-Emireen]], [[Mujahideen Brigades]], [[Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades]], and two al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades splinter factions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/analysis-17-palestinian-militant-factions-identified-in-recent-gaza-conflict.php |title=Analysis: 17 Palestinian militant factions identified in recent Gaza conflict |author=Joe Truzman |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |date=4 June 2021 |access-date=5 June 2021 |archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605024417/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/analysis-17-palestinian-militant-factions-identified-in-recent-gaza-conflict.php |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{tree list/end}}
----
Protesters in Israel and [[Palestine]]{{bulletedlist|[[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab Israeli]] protesters|[[Palestinians|Palestinian]] protesters in the [[West Bank]] and [[Jerusalem]]}}[[Demographics of Jordan#Arab|Jordanian]], [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], and [[Syrians|Syrian]] protesters (see [[International protests over the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis|international]])
|'''Victory claimed by both sides'''
* Return to ''[[status quo ante bellum]]''; ceasefire went into effect
* Halting of both Israeli airstrikes inside the [[Gaza Strip]] and [[List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2021|Palestinian rocket fire into Israel]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Benny Gantz]]
|style="text-align:center;"| [[Aviv Kochavi]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 1
|style="text-align:center;"| 14
|-
|'''[[Gaza war]]'''
<small>Operation Iron Swords</small> (2023–present)
|{{#invoke:flag||Israel}}{{#tag:ref|See [[List of military aid to Israel during the Gaza war]] and [[Gaza War#American involvement|American involvement]]|group=lower-alpha}}<br />
{{collapsible list|title=Israeli allies:|{{tree list}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Popular Forces]] <small>(from May 2024)</small><ref name="Shabab">{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-providing-guns-to-gaza-jihadist-gang-to-bolster-opposition-to-hamas/|title=Israel providing guns to Gaza gang to bolster opposition to Hamas|first1=Emanuel|last1=Fabian|first2=Nurit|last2=Yohanan|first3=Nava|last3=Freiberg|date=5 June 2025|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=5 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news|last=Rasgon |first=Adam |date=2025-06-06 |title=Who Is Yasser Abu Shabab, the Leader of the Israeli-Backed Militia in Gaza? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/06/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-palestinian-militia-hamas-abu-shabab.html |access-date=2025-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
}}
| {{#invoke:flag||Hamas}}<br />{{collapsible list|title=[[Palestinian Joint Operations Room|Palestinian allies]]:|{{#invoke:flag||Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}<br /> 
{{#invoke:flag||Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}<br />
{{#invoke:flag||Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}<br />
{{flagicon image|Black flag.svg}} [[Palestinian Mujahideen Movement]]<br />
{{flagicon image|}} [[Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)|Jaysh al-Ummah]]}}
|'''Ongoing'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Yoav Gallant]] (until November 2024)
[[Israel Katz]] (currently)
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Herzi Halevi]]
|style="text-align:center;"| 1,014+
|style="text-align:center;"| 987+
|-
|'''[[Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–2024)|Israel–Hezbollah conflict]]''' 
<small>Operation Northern Arrows</small> (2023–2024)
|{{#invoke:flag||Israel}}
| {{#invoke:flag||Hezbollah}}<ref name="iran-update-january-14-2024">{{cite web| url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-january-14-2024 | title=Iran Update, January 14, 2024 | website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] | access-date=15 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115114935/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-january-14-2024 | url-status=live }}</ref><br/>{{collapsible list|title=Allies:|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Amal Movement|Amal]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hkvvexbjt|newspaper=[[Ynet]]news|title=Lebanese Amal movement opposed to Israel but otherwise independent|date=2024-02-08|access-date=2024-10-04|last1=Ari|first1=Lior Ben|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007095224/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hkvvexbjt|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Muslim Brotherhood.png}} [[Islamic Group (Lebanon)|Islamic Group]]<ref name = national>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2023/10/30/fajr-forces-hezbollah-lebanon-israel/|access-date=12 November 2023|title='We're with the resistance': Hezbollah allies the Fajr Forces join Lebanon–Israel front|website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=31 October 2023|author=Nada Homsi|archive-date=12 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112235901/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2023/10/30/fajr-forces-hezbollah-lebanon-israel/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party.svg}} [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon|SSNP-L]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas in Lebanon|Hamas]]<ref name="hamas">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-says-3-members-who-infiltrated-israel-from-lebanon-were-killed-in-iaf-strike/|title=Hamas says 3 members who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon were killed in IAF strike|date=14 October 2023|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=15 October 2023|archive-date=14 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014234939/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-says-3-members-who-infiltrated-israel-from-lebanon-were-killed-in-iaf-strike/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{flagicon image|Black flag.svg}} [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad|PIJ]]<ref name="toi9oct">{{cite web|last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=9 October 2023 |title=Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/mortars-fired-from-lebanon-infiltrators-killed-as-6-israelis-hurt-in-gunfight/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US |archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009170223/https://www.timesofisrael.com/mortars-fired-from-lebanon-infiltrators-killed-as-6-israelis-hurt-in-gunfight/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />[[Popular Resistance Committees]]<ref name="iran-update-september-25-2024">{{cite web|url=https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-september-25-2024|title=Iran Update, September 25, 2024|website=Institute for the Study of War|access-date=26 September 2024|archive-date=26 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926110721/https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-september-25-2024|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>  {{#invoke:flag||Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}<ref>{{cite web|date=2024-09-30 |title=Three PLFP leaders killed in strike in Kola district of Beirut |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-822453 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930072141/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-822453 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} [[Islamic Resistance in Iraq]]<br />{{flagicon|Yemen}}{{flag|Houthi movement}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-28-2024|title= Iran Update, October 28, 2024|website= Institute for the Study of War}}</ref><br />{{#invoke:flag||Iran}}<br />{{#invoke:flag||Ba'athist Syria|name=Syria}}<br />([[Fall of the Assad regime|until 2024]])<br />Islamic Azz Brigades<ref name="iran-update-january-14-2024"/>
}}
|'''Israeli victory'''<ref>
*{{Cite web |title=Israel's Victory in Lebanon |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/israels-victory-lebanon |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en |quote=Israel's victory and Hezbollah's defeat have drastically changed the security landscape in the Middle East by limiting Hezbollah's ability to deter Israel. Though Israel has won this round of conflict in Lebanon, Hezbollah will almost certainly begin reconstituting its forces and likely try re-entrenching itself in southern Lebanon at some point.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Harrison |date=2025-02-27 |title=Hezbollah's Defeat and Hamas's Dogged Resistance: Israel's Two-Front War and the Perils of Prewar Assumptions - Modern War Institute |url=https://mwi.westpoint.edu/hezbollahs-defeat-and-hamass-dogged-resistance-israels-two-front-war-and-the-perils-of-prewar-assumptions/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=mwi.westpoint.edu |language=en-US |quote=Hezbollah, by contrast, faced unrelenting Israeli airpower without interruption, accelerating its defeat.}}
*{{Cite web |date=2025-03-11 |title=95 coffins, countless wounds: Lebanon grapples with Hezbollah's 'victory' over Israel |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-03-11/95-coffins-countless-wounds-lebanon-grapples-with-hezbollahs-victory-over-israel |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |quote=But the militant group now has to contend with an aftermath that for many Lebanese, including some Hezbollah partisans, looks very much like defeat.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Croxton |first=Will |date=2024-12-22 |title=How Hezbollah's losses have weakened Iran's power and influence - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-hezbollah-losses-have-weakened-iran-power-influence-60-minutes/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement]]
* Israel maintains an occupation force in parts of Southern Lebanon
|style="text-align:center;"| 87+
|style="text-align:center;"| 46+
|-
|[[Southern Syria clashes (April–May 2025)]]
''<small>(Airstrikes only)</small>''
|
{{tree list}}
* {{flagicon image|Civil flag of Jabal ad-Druze (1921-1936).svg}} [[Druze in Syria|Druze]] armed groups
** {{flagicon image|Civil flag of Jabal ad-Druze (1921-1936).svg}} [[Men of Dignity]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npasyria.com/en/125169/ |last1=Muhammad |first1=Malin |title=Clashes continue in Damascus suburbs amid widening security tensions |date=30 April 2025 |website=North Press Agency |access-date=30 April 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250430214534/https://npasyria.com/en/125169/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Civil flag of Jabal ad-Druze (1921-1936).svg}} [[Suwayda Military Council]]{{efn|Alleged by Syrian state media<ref name="sd7may">{{Cite web |url=https://syriadirect.org/as-tensions-run-high-will-suwaydas-security-agreement-hold/ |last1=Al-Nofal |first1=Walid |translator=Mateo Nelson |title=As tensions run high, will Suwayda’s security agreement hold? |date=7 May 2025 |website=Syria Direct |access-date=10 May 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250510223931/https://syriadirect.org/as-tensions-run-high-will-suwaydas-security-agreement-hold/ |archive-date=10 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
<hr/>
* {{ISR}}<ref name="ft30april">{{cite news |title=Israel launches air strike in Syria as sectarian clashes erupt |url=https://www.ft.com/content/bb587304-de8f-4d1c-b103-3f45f09be891 |website=[[Financial Times]] |date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250430101144/https://www.ft.com/content/bb587304-de8f-4d1c-b103-3f45f09be891 |archive-date=30 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{tree list/end}}
|
{{flag|Syria}}<hr/>[[Bedouin]] tribes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 100 Dead in Sahnaia and Sweida Clashes as Sectarian Tensions and Foreign Interference Fears Grow |url=https://www.watanserb.com/en/2025/05/02/over-100-dead-in-sahnaia-and-sweida-clashes-as-sectarian-tensions-and-foreign-interference-fears-grow/ |website=Watan |date=2 May 2025 |access-date=3 May 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250503224738/https://www.watanserb.com/en/2025/05/02/over-100-dead-in-sahnaia-and-sweida-clashes-as-sectarian-tensions-and-foreign-interference-fears-grow/?amp=1 |archive-date=3 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><hr/>{{TUR}}{{efn|Turkish fighter jets reportedly issued electronic warning signals and jammed the systems of Israeli aircraft operating in Syrian airspace, no fighting assistance was provided.}}
|'''Inconclusive '''
* Agreement reached, including integration of Druze fighters within the Syrian [[General Security Service (Syria)|General Security Service]]
* Sporadic clashes continue
| rowspan="2" |[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Israel Katz]] 
|[[Herzi Halevi]]
|0
|8
|-
|'''[[Iran–Israel war]]'''<br/>
<small>Operation Rising Lion</small>
<br/>(2025–present)
|{{#invoke:flag||Israel}}
|{{flag|Iran}}
|'''Ongoing'''
|[[Eyal Zamir]]
|
|
|}

==Other armed conflicts involving the IDF==
{{Main|List of Israel Defense Forces operations}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Israel|Palestine|Lists}}
* [[History of the Israel Defense Forces]]
* [[History of the Israeli Air Force]]
* [[Iran–Israel proxy conflict]]
* [[Israeli casualties of war]]
* [[Jewish military history]]
* [[List of modern conflicts in the Middle East]]
* [[List of wars involving the State of Palestine]]
* [[Outline of the Gaza war]]
* [[Timeline of Israeli history]]
* [[History of the Arab–Israeli conflict]]
* [[Violent conflicts involving the Yishuv]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Morris |first1=Benny |title=Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 |date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-307-78805-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC_uIe9G2FYC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=O'Ballance |first=Edgar |title=No Victor, No Vanquished: The Yom Kippur War |edition=1979 |pages=28–370 |publisher=[[Barrie & Jenkins]] |isbn=978-0-214-20670-2 |year=1979}}
* {{Cite book | last1=Oren | first1=Michael B. | author-link=Michael Oren | title=Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East | date=2002 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-515174-9 | url=https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren | url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |title=The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East |first=Abraham |last=Rabinovich |location=New York |publisher=Schocken Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8052-4176-1}}
* {{cite book |edition=revised |publisher=American Mideast Research |isbn=978-0-9604562-2-2 |last=Shazly |first=Lieutenant General Saad el |title=The Crossing of the Suez, Revised Edition |year=2003}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Wars involving Israel}}
* [http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/History/Pages/Israel-Wars.aspx Israel's Wars] at the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/wartoc.html Israel's Wars & Operations] at the [[Jewish Virtual Library]]

{{Israeli wars}}
{{Israel Defense Forces}}
{{Middle East topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving Middle Eastern countries}}
{{Asia topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving Asian countries}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Wars Involving Israel}}
[[Category:Wars involving Israel| ]]
[[Category:Israel Defense Forces]]
[[Category:Israel history-related lists|Wars]]
[[Category:Israeli military-related lists|Wars]]
[[Category:Lists of wars by state with limited recognition involved]]