View source for List of victims of Nazism

{{Short description|List of those murdered by Nazis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{The Holocaust sidebar}}

This is a '''list of victims of Nazism''' who were noted for their achievements. Many on the lists below were of [[Jewish]] and [[Polish people|Polish]] origin, although [[German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war|Soviet POWs]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], [[Serbs]], [[Catholics]], [[Romani people|Roma]] and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their [[Ancestry|origins]], their political or religious convictions, or their [[sexual orientation]], were murdered by the [[Nazism|Nazi]] regime. It includes those murdered in [[the Holocaust]], as well as individuals otherwise killed by the Nazis before and during World War II. Those killed in [[concentration camp]]s are listed alongside those who were murdered by the [[Nazi Party]] or those who chose [[suicide]] for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

The list is sorted by occupation and by nationality.
{{Incomplete list|date=February 2018}}

==Performing arts==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Hana Brady]] || 1931–1944 || Czech || Portrayed in ''Hana's Suitcase: A True Story'' 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Gas chamber|Gassed]] at [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[René Blum (ballet)|René Blum]] || 1878–1942 || French || Founder of the ''Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo'' 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Murdered at [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Arthur Bergen]] || 1875–1943 || Austrian || Actor, director 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Egon Friedell]] || 1878–1938 || Austrian || Actor, cabaret performer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Suicide to avoid arrest by ''[[Sturmabteilung]]''
|-
| [[Eugen Burg]] || 1871–1944 || German || Film actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Died at an unknown [[concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Ernst Arndt (actor)|Ernst Arndt]] || 1861-1942/3 || German || Actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Murdered in the gas chamber at [[Treblinka concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Maria Bard]] || 1900–1944 || German || Actress 
|political reasons|| [[Suicide]] in [[Berlin]] for "political reasons" {{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
|-
| [[Lea Deutsch]] || 1927–1943 || Croatian || Child actress 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Heart failure]] on route to the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Max Ehrlich]] || 1892–1944 || German || Actor, screenwriter, director, best-selling author 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Gassed at [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Lisl Frank]] || 1911–1944 || Czech || Dancer, cabaret singer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Forced [[death march]] from [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] to [[Christianstadt]]
|-
| [[Kurt Gerron]] || 1897–1944 || German || Performer, actor, film director 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Gassed at [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Dora Gerson]] || 1899–1943 || German || Actress, cabaret singer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Gassed at [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[John Gottowt]] || 1881–1942 || Austro-Hungarian || Actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Murdered by [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] in [[Wieliczka]]
|-
| [[Joachim Gottschalk]] || 1904–1941 || German || Actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]] family|| Suicide in [[Berlin]] to avoid arrest {{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
|-
| [[Leslie Howard (actor)|Leslie Howard]] || 1893–1943 || British || Actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Airplane shot down by [[Luftwaffe]]
|-
|[[Georg John]] || 1879–1941 || German || Actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||  [[Łódź Ghetto]] 
|-
|Salomon Meyer Kannewasser 
|1916–1945
|Dutch
|Jazz singer. Part of the duo '[[Johnny & Jones]]'
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|Died of exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen
|-
| [[Paul Morgan (actor)|Paul Morgan]] || 1886–1938 || Austrian || Actor, cabaret performer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Buchenwald concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Bernard Natan]] || 1886–1942 || Franco-Romanian || Film director, actor and former head of [[Pathé]] Film Studios 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Joseph Schmidt]] || 1904–1942 || Ukrainian || Singer, actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Heart attack in a Swiss refugee camp in [[Gyrenbad]]
|-
| [[Fritz Spira]] || 1881–1943 || Austrian || Film and stage actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Died at Ruma concentration camp in Vojvodina 
|-
| [[Mathilde Sussin]] || 1876–1943 || Austrian || Actress 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]
|-
| Arnold Siméon van Wesel || 1918–1945 || Dutch || Jazz singer. Part of the duo [[Johnny & Jones]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| | Died of exhaustion in [[Bergen-Belsen]]
|-
| [[Miklós Vig]] || 1898–1944 || Hungarian || Singer, actor, comedian, theater secretary 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Shot in [[Budapest]] by members of the [[Arrow Cross Party|Arrow Cross]]
|-
| [[Karel Hašler]] || 1879–1941 || Czech || Songwriter-lyricist, film and theatre director, actor, dramatist and screenwriter 
|patriotic songs|| [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]]
|- 
|  [[Otto Wallburg]] || 1899–1944 || German || Actor and cabaret performer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Witold Zacharewicz]] || 1914–1943 || Polish || Actor 
|aiding [[Jews]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
|  [[Max Zilzer]] || 1868–1943 || Hungarian-German || Actor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Died under interrogation by the [[Gestapo]] {{Where|date=June 2017}}
|-
|}<!-- end Theatre and film -->

==Literature and publishing==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death

|-[[Carl Henrik Clemmensen]] [1901–1943] [Danish] [newspaper editor] [shot by SS-Schalburgkorps]
|-
|-[Gertrud Chodziesner (Kolmar)] [1894–1943] [German] [poet] [murdered at Auschwitz]
|-
| [[Anne Frank]] || 1929–1945 || German / Dutch || author of a published diary 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| typhus at [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp|Bergen-Belsen]]
|-
| [[Else Feldmann]] || 1884–1942 || Austrian || writer and journalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Sobibór extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Egon Friedell]] || 1878–1938 || Austrian || writer and philosopher 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide to avoid deportation
|-
| [[Peter Hammerschlag]] || 1902–1942 || Austrian || writer and graphic artist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died in detention, circumstances unclear, [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Lidia Zamenhof]] || 1904–1942 || Polish || work for [[Esperanto movement]], as well as translations of [[Baháʼí Faith]] writings 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Treblinka]]
|-
| [[Jura Soyfer]] || 1912–1939 || Austrian || journalist, writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| typhus at [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]] 
|-
| [[Itzhak Katzenelson]] || 1886–1944 || Belarusian || teacher, writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Petr Ginz]] || 1928–1944 || Czech || editor of ''[[Vedem]]'' 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Julius Fučík (journalist)|Julius Fučík]] || 1903–1943 || Czech || resistance leader 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| hanged at [[Plötzensee Prison]]
|-
| [[Milena Jesenská]] || 1896–1944 || Czech || journalist 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| kidney failure at [[Ravensbrück concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Paul Kornfeld (playwright)|Paul Kornfeld]] || 1889–1942 || Czech || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died in detention, circumstances unclear
|-
| [[Karel Poláček]] || 1892–1944 || Czech || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died in [[Gliwice|Gleiwitz]] concentration camp
|-
| [[Vladislav Vančura]] || 1891–1942 || Czech || writer, doctor 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| executed at [[Kobylisy Shooting Range]]
|-
| [[Etty Hillesum]] || 1914–1943 || Dutch || writer, diary author 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died in detention, circumstances unclear
|-
| [[Helga Deen]] || 1925–1943 || Dutch || author of a published diary 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Sobibór extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
|[[Jaap Nunes Vaz]]
|1906-1943
|Dutch
|editor of [[Het Parool]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibor]] 
|-
| [[Hélène Berr]] || 1921–1945 || French || author of a published diary 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died in [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Jacques Decour]] || 1910–1942 || French || writer, resistance leader 
|[[French Resistance]]|| executed by firing squad {{Where|date=June 2017}}
|-
| [[Robert Desnos]] || 1900–1945 || French || poet, resistance fighter 
|[[French Resistance]]|| [[typhoid]] few weeks after the liberation of [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Benjamin Fondane]] || 1898–1944 || French || poet, literary critic 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Régis Messac]] || 1893–1945 || French || writer 
|[[French Resistance]]|| died at either the [[Gross-Rosen concentration camp|Groß-Rosen]] or [[Dora concentration camp|Dora]] concentration camp
|-
| [[Walter Benjamin]] || 1892–1940 || German || literary critic and philosopher 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide at [[Portbou]] to avoid deportation
|-
| [[Felix Fechenbach]] || 1894–1933 || German || journalist and activist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed during the deportation to Dachau
|-
| [[Walter Hasenclever]] || 1890–1940 || German || expressionist writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide to avoid deportation
|-
| [[Jakob van Hoddis]] || 1887–1942 || German || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Sobibór extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Jochen Klepper]] || 1903–1942 || German || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]] family|| suicide in [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Erich Knauf]] || 1895–1944 || German || journalist, poet 
|making jokes about the [[Nazism|Nazi]] regime|| beheaded at [[Brandenburg-Görden Prison]]
|-
| [[Clementine Krämer]] || 1873–1942 || German || author, poet, social worker 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died at [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Adam Kuckhoff]] || 1887–1943 || German || writer, dramatist, Resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| died in detention, circumstances unclear
|-
| [[Erich Mühsam]] || 1878–1934 || German || writer, anarchist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed at [[Plötzensee Prison]]
|-
| [[Willi Münzenberg]] || 1889–1940 || German || publisher, politician 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| murdered at [[Oranienburg concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Friedrich Münzer]] || 1868–1942 || German || [[Philology|philologist]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| enteritis at [[Concentration camp Theresienstadt|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Carl von Ossietzky]] || 1889–1938 || German || journalist, Nobel Peace Prize winner 
|exposing the clandestine [[German re-armament]]|| tuberculosis {{where|date=June 2017}}
|-
| [[Erich Salomon]] || 1886–1944 || German || photojournalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| died in detention, circumstances unclear
|-
| [[Libertas Schulze-Boysen]] || 1913–1942 || German || film critic, resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed at [[Plötzensee Prison]]
|-
| [[Miklós Radnóti]] || 1909–1944 || Hungarian || poet 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| shot into a mass grave near [[Abda, Hungary]]
|-
| [[Antal Szerb]] || 1901–1945 || Hungarian || writer, literary scholar 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| beaten to death in a concentration camp in [[Balf, Hungary|Balf]]
|-
| [[Mordechai Gebirtig]] || 1877–1942 || Polish || [[Yiddish]] poet, musician and composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| shot dead in the [[Krakow Ghetto]]
|-
| [[Bruno Schulz]] || 1892–1942 || Polish || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| shot dead in the ghetto at [[Drohobycz]]
|-
| [[Debora Vogel]] || 1902–1942 || Polish || poet, philosopher 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| shot in the [[Lwów ghetto]]
|-
| [[Willi Schmid]] || 1893–1934 || German || music critic 
|mistaken identity|| accidental victim of the [[Night of the Long Knives]] in a case of mistaken identity
|-
| [[Martha Wertheimer]] || 1890–1942 || German|| journalist
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| a [[Kindertransport]] director, sent to [[Sobibor extermination camp]]
|-
| [[Elena Shirman]] || 1908–1942 || Russian || poet 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| beaten to death in [[Rostov Oblast]], Russia
|-
| [[Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger]] || 1924–1942 || Romanian || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| typhus at the [[Mikhailovska, Ukraine|Mikhailovska]] labor camp in rural Ukraine
|-
| [[David Vogel (author)|David Vogel]] || 1891–1944 || Russian || Hebrew writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| tuberculosis at a satellite camp of the [[Neuengamme concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Anton de Kom]] || 1898–1945 || Surinamese || author, human rights activist 
|[[Dutch resistance]]|| died in detention, circumstances unclear, [[Neuengamme concentration camp|Neuengamme]]
|-
| [[Irène Némirovsky]] || 1903–1942 || Ukrainian-French || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Else Ury]] || 1877–1943 || German || writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|[[Renia Spiegel]]
|1924–1942
|Polish
|author of a published diary
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|shot dead in [[Przemyśl]]
|}<!-- end literature and publishing -->

==Visual arts and design==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Friedl Dicker-Brandeis]] || 1896–1944 || Austrian || artist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber in [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Josef Čapek]] || 1887–1945 || Czech || painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| typhoid fever at [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp|Bergen-Belsen]]
|-
| [[Fiszel Zylberberg-Zber]] || 1909–1942 || Polish || Woodcuts artist and painter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Frania Hart]] || 1896–1943 || Polish/French || painter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| unknown
|-
| [[Abraham Icek Tuschinski]] || 1886–1942 || Dutch || designer of the [[Tuschinski Theater]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Max Jacob]] || 1876–1944 || French || artist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| pneumonia at [[Drancy deportation camp|Drancy]]
|-
| [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]] || 1880–1938 || German || painter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| suicide due to persecution, [[Davos]]
|-
| [[Julius Klinger]] || 1876–1942 || Austrian || artist/designer
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|-
| [[Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler]] || 1899–1940 || German || painter 
|[[Action T4]]|| [[T-4 Euthanasia Program|Aktion T4]] victim at [[Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre]]
|-
| [[Jacob Mącznik]] || 1905–1945 || Polish || painter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| slave labor at [[Ebensee concentration camp|Ebensee division of Mauthausen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.macznik.org |title = Macznik}}</ref>
|-
| [[Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita|Samuel J. de Mesquita]] || 1868–1944 || Dutch || painter and designer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|[[Max van Dam]]
|1910–1943
|Dutch
|painter
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|died as one of the few inmates at [[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibor]]
|-
|[[Marianne Franken]]
|1884-1945
|Dutch
|painter
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp|Bergen-Belsen]]
|-
|[[Mommie Schwarz]]
|1876-1942
|Dutch
|painter
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|[[Else Berg]]
|1877-1942
|Dutch
|painter
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|[[Martin Monnickendam]]
|1874-1943
|Dutch
|painter
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|suspicious circumstances prior to deportation
|-
| [[Felix Nussbaum]] || 1904–1944 || Austrian || painter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Karl Pärsimägi]] ||  1902–1942 || Estonian || painter 
|[[French Resistance]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Heinrich Rauchinger]] || 1858–1942 || Polish/Austrian || painter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Jan Rubczak]] || 1884–1942 || Polish || painter, graphic artist 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Charlotte Salomon]] || 1917–1943 || German || painter
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Ljuba Monastirskaja]] || 1906–1941 || Latvian || textile artist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| killed at the [[Rumbula massacre]]
|-
| [[Otti Berger]] || 1898–1944 || Hungarian || textile artist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Paul Guermonprez]] || 1908–1944 || Dutch || photographer, graphic artist 
|[[Dutch resistance]]|| Shot by the SS near [[Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal|Bloemendaal]]
|-
|}<!-- end visual arts and design -->

== Music ==
{{See also|List of composers influenced by the Holocaust}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Pavel Haas]] || 1899–1944 || Czech || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Heinz Alt]] || 1922–1945 || German || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Dachau
|-
| [[Ernst Bachrich]] || 1892–1942 || Austrian || composer 
|?|| Majdanek/Lublin concentration camp
|-
| [[Al Bowlly]] || 1898–1941 || South African/British || vocalist 
|[[The Blitz]]|| killed by a Luftwaffe parachute mine in London
|-
| [[Žiga Hirschler]] || 1894–1941 || Croatian || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Jasenovac concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Rudolf Karel]] || 1880–1945 || Czech || composer 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| dysentery at [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Gideon Klein]] || 1919–1945 || Czech || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| killed during liquidation of [[Fürstengrube subcamp|Fürstengrube]], a sub-camp of [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Hans Krása]] || 1899–1944 || Czech (Bohemian) || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Mario Finzi]] || 1913–1945 || Italian || pianist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| intestinal infection at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] shortly after liberation
|-
| [[Leon Jessel]] || 1871–1942 || German || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| torture by Gestapo, [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Erwin Schulhoff]] || 1894–1942 || Czech || composer, jazz pianist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| tuberculosis at [[Wülzburg]] concentration camp
|-
| [[Viktor Ullmann]] || 1898–1944 || Czech || composer, pianist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Karlrobert Kreiten]] || 1916–1943 || German || pianist 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| hanged at [[Plötzensee Prison]]
|-
| [[Alma Rosé]] || 1906–1944 || Austrian || violinist, conductor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| possibly poisoning, at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Józef Koffler]] || 1896–1944 || Polish || composer, teacher, columnist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| probably shot by [[Einsatzgruppen]] at [[Krosno]]
|-
| [[Leo Smit (Dutch composer)|Leo Smit]] || 1900–1943 || Dutch || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Sobibór extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Marcel Tyberg]] || 1893–1944 || Austrian || composer, pianist, conductor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Leone Sinigaglia]] || 1868–1944 || Italian || composer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suffered a fatal heart attack at the moment of his arrest
|-
| [[Gershon Sirota]] || 1874–1943 || Polish || cantor, tenor 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| killed in [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]]
|-
| [[Ilse Weber]] || 1903–1944 || Czech || composer, playwright 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|}<!-- end Music -->

== Humanities ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Mildred Harnack]] || 1902–1943 || American || literary historian, translator, resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| beheaded at [[Plötzensee Prison]]
|-
| [[Elise Richter]] || 1865–1943 || Austrian || [[Romance languages|Romance]] [[philology]] professor
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Simon Dubnow]] || 1860–1941 || Belarusian || historian, writer, activist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| killed at the [[Riga ghetto]] during the [[Rumbula massacre]]
|-
| [[Norbert Jokl]] || 1877–1942 || Czech || [[Albanology|Albanologist]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Roßau]] (?)
|-
| [[Marc Bloch]] || 1886–1944 || French || historian, resistance leader 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| tortured and shot by Gestapo at [[Saint-Didier-de-Formans]]
|-
| [[Valentin Feldman]] || 1909–1942 || French || philosopher, resistance leader 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| executed by firing squad
|-
| [[Georges Politzer]] || 1902–1942 || French || philosopher, resistance leader 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| executed by firing squad
|-
| [[Boris Vildé]] || 1908–1942 || French || ethnographer, resistance fighter 
|[[French Resistance]]|| executed by firing squad
|-
| [[Avgust Pirjevec]] || 1887–1944 || Slovenian || literary historian
|anti-Fascist activities of his children
| [[Gusen concentration camp|Gusen]]
|-
| [[Walter Benjamin]] || 1892–1940 || German || philosopher 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide at [[Portbou]] to avoid deportation
|-
| [[Friedrich Münzer]]   || 1868–1942 || German || [[Classics|classical]] scholar
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|}<!-- end Humanities -->

== Mathematics ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Georg Alexander Pick]]<ref name="st-and">{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Pick.html|title=Pick biography|publisher=www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> || 1859–1942  || Austrian || [[Pick's theorem]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
|[[Emanuel Lodewijk Elte]]
|1881-1943
|Dutch
|[[Gosset–Elte figures]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibor]]
|-
| [[Jean Cavaillès]] || 1903–1944 || French || philosopher of science, resistance leader 
|[[French Resistance]]|| executed by firing squad
|-
| [[Isaak Bacharach]] || 1854–1942 || German || [[Cayley-Bacharach Theorem]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Albert Lautman]] || 1908–1944 || French || mathematical philosopher, resistance leader 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| executed by firing squad
|-
| [[Otto Blumenthal]]<ref name="st-andrews">{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Blumenthal.html|title=Blumenthal biography|publisher=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> || 1876–1944 || German || Work in [[number theory]], editor of [[Mathematische Annalen]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Felix Hausdorff]]<ref name="uni-bonn">{{cite web|url=http://www.hcm.uni-bonn.de/about-hcm/mathematics-in-bonn/history-of-mathematics-in-bonn/about-felix-hausdorff/|title=HCM: About Felix Hausdorff|publisher=hcm.uni-bonn.de|access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref> || 1868–1942 || German || One of the founders of modern [[topology]] and contributed significantly to [[set theory]], [[descriptive set theory]], [[measure theory]], [[Complex analysis|function theory]], and [[functional analysis]]. 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide, [[Bonn]]
|-
| [[Friedrich Hartogs]] || 1874–1943 || German || Foundational work in [[several complex variables]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide, [[:de:Großhesselohe|Großhesselohe]]
|-
| [[Robert Remak (mathematician)|Robert Remak]] || 1888–1942  || German || Work in [[group theory]], [[number theory]], [[mathematical economics]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Adolf Lindenbaum]] || 1904–1941 || Polish || Work in [[set theory]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Ghetto [[Vilnius]]
|-
| [[Antoni Łomnicki]] || 1881–1941  || Polish || Polish mathematician 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| [[Massacre of Lwów professors|Massacre of Lwów]]
|-
| [[Stanisław Ruziewicz]] || 1889–1941 || Polish || [[Ruziewicz problem]] 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| [[Massacre of Lwów professors|Massacre of Lwów]]
|-
| [[Stanisław Saks]] || 1897–1942  || Polish || Work in [[measure theory]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[Polish Secret State|Polish underground]]|| murdered in prison by the Gestapo, [[Warsaw]]
|-
| [[Juliusz Schauder]] || 1899–1943 || Polish || [[Schauder fixed point theorem]], [[Schauder basis]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed by the Gestapo, [[Lviv]]
|-
| [[Włodzimierz Stożek]] || 1883–1941 || Polish || Polish mathematician 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| [[Massacre of Lwów professors|Massacre of Lwów]]
|-
| [[Alfred Tauber]] || 1866–1942  || Slovak || [[Abelian and tauberian theorems|Tauberian theorems]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|}<!-- end Mathematics -->

== Natural sciences ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Ernst Cohen]] || 1869–1944 || Dutch || chemist, work on the allotropy of metals 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|-
| [[Elisabeth Wollman]] || 1888–1943 || French || microbiologist and physicist, work on [[bacteriophage]]s and [[Lysogenic cycle|lysogeny]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] (presumed gas chamber)
|-
|-
| [[Eugène Wollman]] || 1883–1943 || French || microbiologist and physicist, work on [[bacteriophage]]s and [[Lysogenic cycle|lysogeny]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] (presumed gas chamber)
|-
|}<!-- end Natural sciences -->

== Medicine and psychology ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Karl Herxheimer]] || 1861-1942 || German || dermatologist, described [[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans|Pick-Herxheimer disease]] and [[Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction|Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction]] || [[Jews|Jewish]] || [[Theresienstadt Ghetto|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński]] || 1874–1941 || Polish || [[paediatrician]], poet, translator 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| rowspan="3" | [[Massacre of Lwów professors|Massacre of Lwów]]
|-
| [[Antoni Cieszyński]] || 1882–1941  || Polish || physician, dentist, surgeon 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]
|-
| [[Władysław Dobrzaniecki]] || 1897–1941  || Polish || physician, surgeon 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]
|-
| [[Gisela Januszewska]] || 1867–1943  || Austrian || physician 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Janusz Korczak]] || 1878–1942 || Polish || pediatrician, educator, child welfare 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Treblinka concentration camp|Treblinka]]
|-
| [[Adolf Reichwein]] || 1898–1944  || German || doctor, educator, politician 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Sabina Spielrein]] || 1885–1942 || Russian || physician, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Massacre of [[Zmievskaya Balka]]
|-
| [[Elisabeth von Thadden]] || 1890–1944 || German || educator 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Martha Goldberg]] || 1873–1938 || German|| social activist, doctor's assistant 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Kristallnacht]]
|}<!-- end Medicine and psychology -->

== Law, business ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Klaus Bonhoeffer]] || 1901–1945 || German || jurist, resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, Berlin
|-
| [[Betsie ten Boom]] || 1885–1944 || Dutch || book keeper 
|[[Dutch resistance]]|| [[Pernicious anemia]], [[Ravensbrück concentration camp|Ravensbrück]]
|-
| [[Casper ten Boom]] || 1859–1944 || Dutch || watchmaker 
|[[Dutch resistance]]|| [[tuberculosis]], [[neglect|mistreatment]] at Scheveningen Prison
|-
| [[Hans von Dohnányi]] || 1902–1945 || German || jurist, resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]]
|-
| [[Reinhold Frank]] || 1896–1945 || German || lawyer, member of [[20 July Plot]] 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Martin Gauger]] || 1905–1941|| German || jurist, pacifist, member of the [[Kreisau Circle]]
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]
|[[NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein]]
|-
| [[Maurice Halbwachs]] || 1877–1945 || French || sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of [[collective memory]] 
|[[French Resistance]]|| [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Franz Kaufmann]] || 1886–1944  || German || jurist 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]]
|-
| [[Wilhelm Mautner]] || 1889–1944 || Austrian || economist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Helmuth James Graf von Moltke]] || 1907–1945 || German || jurist, founder of the [[Kreisau Circle]] 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Alfred Müller (entrepreneur)|Alfred Müller]] || 1888–1945 || Croatian || entrepreneur
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]]
|-
| [[Leo Müller]] || 1894–1941 || Croatian || entrepreneur
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Jasenovac concentration camp|Jasenovac]]
|-
| [[Karl Sack]] || 1896–1945  || German || jurist, member of the [[20 July plot]] 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]]
|-
| [[Rüdiger Schleicher]] || 1895–1945  || German || resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, Berlin
|-
| [[Armin Schreiner]] || 1874–1941 || Croatian || industrialist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Jasenovac concentration camp|Jasenovac]]
|-
| [[Kazimierz Prószyński]] || 1875–1945 || Polish || inventor 
|[[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp|Mauthausen]]
|-
| [[Elisabeth de Rothschild]] || 1902–1945 || French || wife of Baron [[Philippe de Rothschild]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| [[Ravensbrück]]
|-
| [[Ludwik Maurycy Landau]] || 1902–1944 || Polish || economist 
|[[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]|| executed, Warsaw

|}<!-- end Law, business -->

== Theology, spirituality, religion ==

<!--I removed Rupert Mayer of the list, because he died of a heart attack while celebrating Mass-->

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
|[[Hedwig Jahnow]]
|1879-1944
|German
|Old testament theologian 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|malnutrition in [[Theresienstadt Ghetto|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Kaj Munk]] || 1898–1944 || Danish || theologian, playwright 
|[[Danish resistance movement]]|| murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark
|-
|[[Lodewijk Sarlois]] 
|1884-1942
|Dutch
|Chief Rabbi of the Netherlands
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] 
|-
| [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]] || 1906–1945 || German || [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[pastor]], theologian 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Hanged with thin wire, [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]]
|-
| [[Regina Jonas]] || 1902–1944 || German || first woman [[Rabbi]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Jochen Klepper]] || 1903–1942 || German || theologian, journalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]] family|| suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin
|-
| [[Friedrich Lorenz]] || 1897–1944  || German || priest, member of [[Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate]] 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, Halle an der Saale (beheaded)
|-
| [[Paul Schneider (pastor)|Paul Schneider]] || 1897–1939 || German || clergyman 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| lethal injection, [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Edith Stein]] || 1891–1942 || German || Carmelite nun, Ph.D. in Philosophy, Catholic saint (born Jewish) 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Sándor Büchler]] || 1869–1944 || Hungarian || rabbi, historian
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
|[[Giovanni Fornasini]] || 1915–1944 || Italian || parish priest, [[Gold Medal of Military Valour|MOVM]], [[Servant of God]] 
|[[Italian resistance movement]]|| shot by a member of the Waffen SS, [[Marzabotto]]
|-
| [[Avraham Yitzchak Bloch]] || 1891–1941 || Lithuanian || [[Chief Rabbi]], rosh yeshiva of the [[Telz Yeshiva]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| murdered in a massacre of the male population of [[Telšiai|Telz]]
|-
| [[Elchonon Wasserman]] || 1875–1941 || Lithuanian || rabbi, [[rosh yeshiva]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Kovno]]
|-
| [[Riccardo Pacifici]] || 1904–1943 || Italian || rabbi 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| gas chamber at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Azriel Rabinowitz]] || 1905–1941 || Lithuanian || rabbi, [[rosh yeshiva]] at the Telz Yeshiva 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| murdered in a massacre of the male population of [[Telšiai|Telz]]
|-
| [[Maximilian Kolbe]] || 1894–1941 || Polish || friar, Catholic saint 
|[[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]|| lethal injection after voluntarily taking place of another prisoner, [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski]] || 1913–1945 || Polish || priest
|[[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]
|[[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]]
|-
| [[Karl Ernst Krafft]] || 1900–1945 || Swiss || astrologer, occultist
|crackdown on astrologers, faith healers and occultists following [[Rudolf Hess]]'s flight to Scotland
|during transport to [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Kalonymus Kalman Shapira]] || 1889–1943 || Polish || Rabbi
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Aktion Erntefest]]
|-
| [[Menachem Ziemba]] || 1883–1943 || Polish || Rabbi
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]]
|-
|[[Maria Skobtsova]] || 1891–1945 || Russian || Russian Orthodox nun, saint 
|[[French Resistance]]|| gas chamber, [[Ravensbrück concentration camp]]
|-
|}<!-- end Theology, spirituality, religion -->

== Sports ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Eddy Hamel]] || 1902–1943 || American || first Jewish football player of [[AFC Ajax]] 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| Murdered at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Evžen Rošický]] || 1914–1942 || Czech || athlete (800m, 400m relay), 1936 Berlin Olympic Games 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| executed at [[Kobylisy Shooting Range]]
|-
| [[Otto Herschmann]] || 1877–1942 || Austrian || fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist; one of only a few athletes who have [[List of multiple Olympic medalists#Athletes with medals in different disciplines|won Olympic medals in multiple sports]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Izbica concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Heinrich Wolf]] || 1875–1943  || Austrian || chess player 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Vienna]]
|-
| [[Vera Menchik]] || 1906–1944  || British-Czech || chess player; world champion 
|[[The Blitz]]|| killed in a [[V-1 rocket]] [[bombing raid]] in [[South London]] 
|-
| [[Karel Treybal]] || 1885–1941  || Czech || chess player; chess Olympian 
|[[Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]|| executed, [[Prague]] 
|-
|[[Salo Landau]]
|1903–1944
|Dutch
|chess player
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Gräditz]] [[concentration camp]]
|-
|[[Gerrit Kleerekoper]]
|1897–1943
|Dutch
|coach Dutch gymnastics team 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Estella Agsteribbe]]|| 1909–1943 || Dutch || gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Helena Nordheim]] || 1903–1943 || Dutch || gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Anna Dresden-Polak]] || 1906–1943 || Dutch || gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Jud Simons]] || 1904–1943 || Dutch || gymnast (team); Olympic gold medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
|[[Isidore Goudeket]]
|1883-1943
|Dutch
|gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
|[[Abraham de Oliveira]]
|1880-1943
|Dutch
|gymnast; placed 7th in team event in the 1908 Olympics
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|[[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibór]]
|-
| [[Alfred Flatow]] || 1869–1942 || German || gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Gustav Flatow]] || 1875–1945 || German || gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Lilli Henoch]] || 1899–1942 || German || 4 world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay), 10 German national championships 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Riga Ghetto]]
|-
| [[Werner Seelenbinder]] || 1904–1944 || German || wrestler; Olympian 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, [[Brandenburg an der Havel]]
|-
| [[Johann Trollmann]] || 1907–1943 || German || boxer; German national champion 
|[[Sinti]]||[[Neuengamme concentration camp|Neuengamme]]
|-
| [[János Garay (fencer)]] || 1889–1945 || Hungarian || fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Mauthausen concentration camp|Mauthausen]]
|-
| [[Oszkár Gerde]] || 1883–1944 || Hungarian || fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist  
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Mauthausen concentration camp|Mauthausen]]
|-
| [[Attila Petschauer]] || 1904–1943 || Hungarian || fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Davidovka concentration camp]]
|-
| [[András Székely]] || 1909–1943  || Hungarian || swimmer, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay) 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||killed at a [[forced labor camp]] in [[Chernihiv]], Ukraine
|-
| [[Bronisław Czech]] || 1908–1944 || Polish || skier: Olympian 
|[[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]||[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Roman Kantor]] || 1912–1943 || Polish || fencer; Olympian 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Majdanek]] [[concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Józef Klotz]] || 1900–1941 || Polish || Polish national soccer team 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||killed in the [[Warsaw Ghetto]]
|-
| [[Janusz Kusociński]] || 1907–1940 || Polish || athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist 
|[[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]|| [[Palmiry massacre|executed in Palmiry]]
|-
| [[Dawid Przepiórka]] || 1880–1940  || Polish || chess player; chess Olympian 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, [[Warsaw]]
|-
| [[Leon Sperling]] || 1900–1941 || Polish || left wing on national soccer team 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Lemberg Ghetto]]
|-
| [[Ilja Szrajbman]] || 1907–1943 || Polish || swimmer, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Majdanek concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Victor Perez (Tunisian boxer)|Victor Perez]] || 1911–1945 || Tunisian || boxer; world flyweight champion 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]||[[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Ernest Toussaint]] || 1908–1942 || Luxembourgian || boxer 
|[[Luxembourg Resistance]]||[[Hinzert concentration camp]]
|-
|[[László Bartók]] || 1904–1944 || Hungarian || Olympic rower, [[1928 Summer Olympics]] – [[Rowing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four|Men's coxed four]] 
|?||[[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|}<!-- end Sport -->

==Politics, resistance==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Political Ideology/Occupation 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Käthe Leichter]] || 1895–1942 || Austrian || Politician, economist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, [[Bernburg Euthanasia Centre]]
|-
| [[Rosa Manus]] || 1891–1942 || Dutch || Feminist and peace activist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| murdered by gassing, [[Bernburg]]
|-
| [[Victor Basch]] || 1877–1945  || French || Aesthetician, politician 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| assassinated by the Vichy French [[Milice]] 
|-
| [[Pierre Brossolette]] || 1903–1944  || French || high resistance leader 
|[[French Resistance]]|| committed suicide (so as not to break under [[Gestapo]] torture)
|-
| [[Georges Mandel]] || 1885–1944 || French || Politician, resistance leader 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| murdered in the [[Fontainebleau|Forest of Fontainebleau]]
|-
| [[Jean Moulin]] || 1899–1943  || French || high resistance leader 
|[[French Resistance]]|| tortured to death by the [[Gestapo]]
|-
| [[Jean Maurice Paul Jules de Noailles]] || 1893–1945 || French || Duke of Ayen, French resistance fighter  
|[[French Resistance]]|| died at [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp|Bergen-Belsen]] a few days before the end of the war<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Georges |title=Histoire et généalogie de la maison de Noailles |year=1993 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 1952 |title=Le tribunal militaire de Paris condamne à vingt ans de réclusion une collaboratrice de la Gestapo accusée d'avoir dénoncé le duc d'Ayen |trans-title=The Paris military court sentences a Gestapo collaborator accused of having denounced the Duke of Ayen to twenty years of imprisonment |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1952/11/18/le-tribunal-militaire-de-paris-condamne-a-vingt-ans-de-reclusion-une-collaboratrice-de-la-gestapo-accusee-d-avoir-denonce-le-duc-d-ayen_2000965_1819218.html |website=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jean Zay]] || 1904–1944  || French || politician, former minister of French Government 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| assassinated by the Vichy French [[Milice]]
|-
| [[Edgar André (politician)|Edgar André]] || 1894–1936 || German || Communist 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, [[Hamburg]]
|-
| [[Friedrich Aue]] || 1896–1944 || German || Communist 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, Brandenburg
|-
| [[Judith Auer]] || 1905–1944 || German || Communist resistance fighter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, Berlin
|-
| [[Bernhard Bästlein]] || 1894–1944 || German || Communist 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, Brandenburg
|-
| [[Olga Benário Prestes]] || 1908–1942 || German-Brazilian || Communist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, [[Ravensbrück]]
|-
| [[Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff (1890-1945)|Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff]]|| 1890–1945 || German || Diplomat 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| murdered in custody, Berlin
|-
| [[Cato Bontjes van Beek]] || 1920–1944 || German || [[Red Orchestra (espionage)|Red Orchestra]] (communist) resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Rudolf Breitscheid]] || 1874–1944 || German || Social Democrat 
|political opponent|| executed, [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Marianne Cohn]] || 1922–1944 || German || [[Maquis (World War II)|Maquis]] Resistance fighter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[French Resistance]]|| Beaten to death by Gestapo
|-
| [[Hans Coppi]] || 1916–1942 || German || Communist resistance fighter 
|[[Communism|Communist]], [[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Hilde Coppi]] || 1909–1943 || German || Communist resistance fighter 
|[[Communism|Communist]], [[German resistance to Nazism]]||  executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
|[[Gusta Dawidson Draenger]]
|1917-1943
|Polish
|leader of Akiva youth movement
|[[Jews|Jewish]]
|executed, Gestapo custody, Krakow
|-
| [[Georg Elser]] || 1903–1945 || German || Manual laborer, ''Rotfront-Kämpfer'' 
|planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler|| executed, [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]]
|-
| [[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]] || 1884–1945 || German || Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist 
|political opponent|| executed, [[Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Willi Graf]] || 1918–1943 || German || [[White Rose]] resistance fighter; student 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Munich]]–[[Stadelheim Prison]]
|-
| [[Albrecht Haushofer]] || 1903–1945 || German || Diplomat, writer 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Berlin-Moabit]]
|-
| [[Rudolf Hilferding]]|| 1877–1941 || German || Social Democrat 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, Gestapo custody, Paris 
|-
| [[Otto Hirsch]]|| 1885–1941 || German ||  Representative of German Jews 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, [[Mauthausen concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Camill Hoffmann]]|| 1878–1944 || German || Diplomat, writer 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]
|-
| [[Martin Hoop]]|| 1892–1933 || German || Communist, District leader of KPD in Saxony 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, [[Zwickau]]
|-
| [[Kurt Huber]]|| 1893–1943 || German || [[White Rose]] resistance fighter, professor 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Munich]]–[[Stadelheim Prison]]
|-
| [[Franz Jacob (Resistance fighter)|Franz Jacob]]|| 1906–1944 || German || Communist 
|[[Communism|Communist]], [[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, Brandenburg
|-
| [[Ludwig Landmann]]|| 1868-1945 || German || DDP politician, Mayor of Frankfurt 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| starved to death in hiding place
|-
| [[Julius Leber]]|| 1891–1944 || German || Socialist 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Wilhelm Leuschner]]|| 1890–1944 ||  German || Politician 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[August Lütgens]]|| 1897-1933 || German || Communist 
|[[Communism|Communist]], [[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, Amtsgericht Altona
|-
| [[Ottilie Pohl]]|| 1867–1943 || German || Resistance fighter 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]
|-
| [[Fritz Pröll]]|| 1915–1944 || German || Resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen
|-
| [[Christoph Probst]]|| 1918–1943 || German || [[White Rose]] resistance fighter, student 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Munich]]–[[Stadelheim Prison]]
|-
| [[Joseph Roth (politician)|Joseph Roth]]|| 1896–1945 || German || Teacher and politician 
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| murdered by a poison injection after being imprisoned in [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Anton Saefkow]]|| 1903–1944|| German || Communist, resistance fighter 
|[[Communism|Communist]], [[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Zuchthaus Brandenburg]]
|-
| [[Werner Scharff]]|| 1912–1945  || German || Resistance fighter, electrician 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]]
|-
| [[Rudolf von Scheliha]]|| 1897–1942  || German || [[Red Orchestra (espionage)|Red Orchestra]] (communist) resistance fighter, diplomat 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Alexander Schmorell]]|| 1917–1943 || German || [[White Rose]] resistance fighter, student 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Munich]]–[[Stadelheim Prison]]
|-
| [[Ernst Schneller]]|| 1890–1944 || German || KPD politician 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]]
|-
| [[Werner Scholem]]|| 1895–1940 || German || Communist 
|[[Jews|Jewish]], [[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Hans Scholl]]|| 1918–1943 || German || [[White Rose]] resistance fighter, medical student 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Munich]]–[[Stadelheim Prison]]
|-
| [[Sophie Scholl]]|| 1921–1943 || German || [[White Rose]] resistance fighter, student 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Munich]]–[[Stadelheim Prison]]
|-
| [[Ilse Stöbe]]|| 1911–1942  || German || [[Red Orchestra (espionage)|Red Orchestra]] (communist) resistance fighter 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| Guillotined, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Bruno Tesch (antifascist)|Bruno Tesch]]|| 1913–1933 || German || Communist 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, Amtsgericht Altona
|-
| [[Ernst Thälmann]]|| 1886–1944 || German || Leader of KPD 
|[[Communism|Communist]]|| executed, [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald]]
|-
| [[Adam von Trott zu Solz]]|| 1909–1944 || German || Diplomat 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Jenő Deutsch]] &nbsp;{{smaller|(Eugen Deutsch)}}|| 1879–1944 || Hungarian || Social democrat politician 
|?|| executed<ref>{{cite web | title=Deutsch Jenő | website=Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1000–1990 | url=http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/eletrajz/html/ABC03014/03296.htm | language=hu | access-date=2019-02-03}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hannah Szenes]]|| 1921–1944 || Hungarian|| [[Jewish partisan]]
|[[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed
|-
| [[Kazimierz Bartel]]|| 1882–1941 || Polish || Prime Minister of Poland 1926–1930 
| [[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| executed
|-
| [[Paweł Frenkiel]]|| 1920–1943 || Polish || [[Jewish Military Union]] leader 
| [[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed
|-
| [[Yitzhak Gitterman]]|| 1889–1943  || Polish || Politician, Director of [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee]]
| [[Jews|Jewish]]|| fighting in [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]]
|-
| [[Herschel Grynszpan]]|| 1921-1945?|| Polish || shot the German diplomat [[Ernst vom Rath]] on 7 November 1938 in Paris 
| [[Jews|Jewish]]|| executed, location of death not known, possibly Gestapo-Prison [[Berlin-Moabit]]
|-
| [[Stefan Rowecki]]|| 1895–1944|| Polish || General, leader of the [[Armia Krajowa]], journalist 
| [[Polish resistance movement in World War II]]|| executed, [[Warsaw]]
|-
| [[Stefan Starzyński]]|| 1893–1943 || Polish || Politician, economist, writer, [[Mayor of Warsaw]] 1934–1939 
| [[Polish people|Polish]] [[intelligentsia]]|| fate unknown, possibly died in [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]]
|-
| [[Szmul Zygielbojm]]|| 1895–1943 || Polish|| [[General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland|Bund]] leader 
| [[Jews|Jewish]]|| suicide in protest of Nazism
|-
| [[Tone Čufar]]|| 1905–1942  || Slovenian || Resistance fighter 
| [[Liberation Front of the Slovenian People|Slovene Liberation Front]]|| shot during an escape attempt
|-
| [[Slavko Šlander]]|| 1909–1941 || Slovenian || Resistance fighter 
| [[Liberation Front of the Slovenian People|Slovene Liberation Front]]|| executed
|-
|}<!-- end Politics, resistance -->

== Military ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- align=left
! width=200 | Name !! width=80 | Lifespan !! width=100 | Nationality !! Achievements 
!Reasons for persecution!! Cause of death
|-
| [[Charles Delestraint]] || 1879–1945  || French || general, resistance leader 
|[[French Resistance]]|| assassinated in [[Dachau concentration camp]]
|-
| [[Ludwig Beck]] || 1880–1944 || German || General, [[Putschist]] 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Wilhelm Canaris]] || 1887–1945 || German || military information service 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| executed, [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]]
|-
| [[Erich Fellgiebel]] || 1886–1944  || German || officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Werner von Haeften]] || 1908–1944 || German || jurist, adjutant of [[Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg]] 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Erich Hoepner]] || 1886–1944 || German || demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition <br> about [[Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg]] 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim]] || 1905–1944 || German || Colonel, Putschist 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Friedrich Olbricht]]   || 1888–1944 || German || General, Putschist 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Hans Oster]] || 1887–1945  || German  || Chief of staff 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]]
|-
| [[Harro Schulze-Boysen]]|| 1909–1942  || German || officer, publicist 
|collaboration with Soviet intelligence|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Claus von Stauffenberg]]|| 1907–1944  || German  || Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Berlin]]
|-
| [[Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel]]|| 1886–1944  || German  || military commander in occupied France 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Henning von Tresckow]]|| 1901–1944  || German  || Major General, Putschist 
|[[German resistance to Nazism]]|| suicide, near Ostrov, Russia
|-
| [[Erwin von Witzleben]]|| 1881–1944  || German  || retired Field Marshal 
|[[20 July plot]]|| executed, [[Plötzensee Prison|Berlin-Plötzensee]]
|-
| [[Maurizio Giglio]]|| 1920–1944 || Italian || soldier, policeman, secret agent, [[Gold Medal of Military Valour|MOVM]]
|collaboration with Allied intelligence|| shot, one of the victims of the [[Ardeatine massacre]], Rome
|-
| [[Dmitry Karbyshev]]|| 1880–1945  || Russian   || Army(RKKA), engineer commander 
|[[Red Army]] general|| executed, [[Mauthausen concentration camp|Mauthausen]]
|-
| [[Rudolf Viest]]|| 1890–1945 || Slovak || Division General, commander of the [[Slovak National Uprising]]
|[[Slovak National Uprising]]|| executed, [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]]
|-
| [[Ján Golian]]|| 1906–1945 || Slovak || Brigadier General, commander of the [[Slovak National Uprising]]
|[[Slovak National Uprising]]|| executed, [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]]
|}<!-- end Military -->

== See also ==
* [[List of Holocaust survivors]]
* [[List of authors banned in Nazi Germany]]
* [[List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz]]

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://db.yadvashem.org/names/search.html?language=en&WT.mc_id=wiki The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names]

{{The Holocaust}}

[[Category:People killed by Nazi Germany| ]]
[[Category:Lists of victims|N]]
[[Category:Death-related lists|Nazism]]