View source for List of people with synesthesia

{{Short description|List of people with cross-wired senses}}
{{Dynamic list}}
{{original research|date=April 2014}}
<onlyinclude> <!-- See [[Wikipedia talk:Featured lists]] for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->
This is a list of notable people who have claimed to have the neurological condition [[synesthesia]]. Following that, there is a list of people who are often wrongly believed to have had synesthesia because they used it as a device in their art, poetry or music (referred to as pseudo-synesthetes).</onlyinclude>

Estimates of prevalence of synesthesia have ranged widely, from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25,000 – 100,000. However, most studies have relied on synesthetes reporting themselves, introducing self-referral bias.<ref name="auto">{{cite book|editor1-last=Simner|editor1-first=Julia|editor2-last=Hubbard|editor2-first=Edward M.|title=Oxford Handbook of Synesthesia|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=978-0-19-960332-9|pages=13–17|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WXq9AgAAQBAJ&q=Oxford+Handbook+of+Synesthesia|access-date=25 February 2018|language=en|chapter=A brief history of synesthesia research}}</ref>

Media outlets including ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'' have critically noted the considerable numbers of musical artists from the 2010s onwards claiming to be synesthetes, observing that "without literally testing every person who comes out in the press as a synesthete, it's exceedingly difficult to tell who has it and who is lying through their teeth for cultural cachet" and that claims of experiencing synesthesia can be employed "as an express route to creative genius".<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/229-what-the-hell-is-synesthesia-and-why-does-every-musician-seem-to-have-it | title=What the Hell is Synesthesia and Why Does Every Musician Seem to Have It? | website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] | date=31 January 2014 |access-date=23 October 2020}}}}</ref>

==Synesthetes==
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2020}}<!-- Entries should be listed in alphabetical order by surname. -->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Type
!Lifespan
!Country
!Profession
!Notes
!Source
|-
|[[Richard Feynman]]
|[[grapheme-color synesthesia|grapheme-colour]]
|1918-1988
|United States
|Physicist
|"When I see equations, I see the letters in colors. I don't know why. I see vague pictures of Bessel functions with light-tan j's, slightly violet-bluish n's, and dark brown x's flying around."
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Colourful language: U of T psychologists discover enhanced language learning in synesthetes |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/colourful-language-u-t-psychologists-discover-enhanced-language-learning-synesthetes |website=University of Toronto News |access-date=20 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Frank Iero]]
|[[Chromesthesia]]
|b. 1981
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, guitarist
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hysteriamag.com/frank-iero-get-comfort-zone-times/ | title=FRANK IERO // Get Yourself Out of Your Comfort Zone at All Times! | date=27 May 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Tilden Daken]]
|Multiple
|1876-1935
|United States
|Artist
|Painted to orchestral music. 
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 16, 1923 |title="Tilden Dakin Says He Can Paint Music." |work=Los Angeles Times.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 17, 1923 |title="Music Can Be Interpreted in Oils, Says Artist." |work=Ohio Chronicle Telegram}}</ref>
|-
|[[Syd Barrett]]
|Multiple
|1946-2006
|United Kingdom
|Singer-songwriter, guitarist, artist
|
|
|-
|[[Suzuka Nakamoto]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1997
|Japan
|Singer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=BABYMETAL復活インタビュー 初のコンセプトアルバム『THE OTHER ONE』と「新人バンドみたいな気持ち」を語る {{!}} Special |url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/special/detail/3877 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Billboard JAPAN |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vladimir Nabokov]]
|Grapheme-Color 
|1899-1977
|Russia/United States/Switzerland
|Novelist, poet
|
|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hupé |first1=Jean-Michel |title=The Five Senses in Nabokov's Works |chapter=An Introduction to Synesthesia via Vladimir Nabokov |date=2020 |pages=241–254 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-45406-7_15 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-45406-7_15 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-45405-0 |s2cid=226758119 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Alessia Cara]]
|Multiple
|b. 1996
|Canada
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEC4mwDNIsw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/zEC4mwDNIsw |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Alessia Cara Discusses Having Synesthesia|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alessia Cara talks about her synaesthesia|url=https://www.popbuzz.com/music/artists/alessia-cara/facts/synaesthesia/|access-date=December 3, 2020|website=PopBuzz|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124184608/https://www.popbuzz.com/music/artists/alessia-cara/facts/synaesthesia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Beyoncé]] 
|[[Chromesthesia]]
|b. 1981
|United States 
|Singer-songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Webb|first=Katherine|date=June 23, 2018|title=The Craziest things you didn't know about Beyoncé|url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/crazy-things-you-didnt-know-about-beyonce.html/|access-date=April 4, 2021|archive-date=March 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307033039/https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/crazy-things-you-didnt-know-about-beyonce.html/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kosowan|first=Gene|date=January 14, 2020|title=These 10 Musicians & Artists Who Claim To Have Synesthesia|url=https://www.thetalko.com/synesthesia-musician-artist-gift-ability/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 13, 2013|title=I see music, says Beyoncé as she releases new album and 17 videos|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/i-see-music-says-beyonce-as-she-releases-new-album-and-17-videos-9002398.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/does-synesthesia-make-you-more-creative/|title=Does Synesthesia Make You More Creative? &#124; Studio 360|website=WNYC}}</ref>
|-
|[[Charli XCX]]
|Chromesthesia 
|b. 1992
|United Kingdom
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25330600|title=BBC News - Charli XCX: Pop, punk and synaesthesia|newspaper=BBC News|date=12 December 2013|last1=Savage|first1=Mark}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jennifer Cook]]
|Multiple
|b. 1975
|United States
|Author
|
|<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook O'Toole|first=Jennifer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SmiCDwAAQBAJ|title=Autism in Heels: The Untold Story of a Female Life on the Spectrum|date=4 December 2018|publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781510732858}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marilyn Monroe]]
|Taste to colour
|1926-1962
|United States
|Actress
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.everlasting-star.net/2017/09/psychology/marilyn-the-proto-synaesthete/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031170203/http://blog.everlasting-star.net/2017/09/psychology/marilyn-the-proto-synaesthete/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=October 31, 2021|title=Marilyn: A Proto-Synaesthete? « ES Updates |date=September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/i-have-something-in-common-with-marilyn-monroeand-you-might-too?mbid=social_twitter|magazine = [[The New Yorker]]| title=I Have Something in Common with Marilyn Monroe—and You Might, Too | date=31 August 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wellandgood.com/what-is-synesthesia-creative-trait/amp/ | title=How to know if you have synesthesia | date=25 January 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jack Coulter]]
|Chromesthesia 
|b. 1994
|United Kingdom
|Artist
|
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/synesthesia-artist-jack-coulter-creates-musical-painting-of-glastonbury-2016-a7091681.html |title = Synesthesia artist Jack Coulter creates 'musical painting' of Glastonbury|website = [[Independent.co.uk]]|date = 20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McNamara|first=Brittney|title=This Is What It's Like to Be Able to HEAR Color|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/gallery/jack-coulter-synesthesia|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Teen Vogue|date=13 September 2017 |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marina Diamandis]]
|Multiple
|b. 1985
|United Kingdom
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rookiemag.com/2015/02/marina-and-the-diamonds/|title=Trust Your Gut: An Interview With Marina and the Diamonds|date=25 February 2015|website=[[Rookie (magazine)|Rookie]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lancaster|first=Brodie|date=2015-02-24|title=Rookie » Trust Your Gut: An Interview With Marina and the Diamonds|url=https://www.rookiemag.com/2015/02/marina-and-the-diamonds/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=www.rookiemag.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Patricia Lynne Duffy]]
|Unspecified
|b. 1952
|United States
|Author
|Wrote ''Blue Cats and Chartreuse Kittens'', the first book by a synesthete about synesthesia.<br>Co-founded the [[American Synesthesia Association]].
|<ref>{{Cite book|last=Duffy|first=Patricia Lynne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qNo5yQb6jacC&pg=PT13|title=Blue Cats and Chartreuse Kittens: How Synesthetes Color Their Worlds|date=2011-04-01|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|isbn=9781429928274|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mary J. Blige]]
|Sound to colour
|b. 1971
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, actress
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/meet-the-famous-musicians-with-synaesthesia-a-condition-that-means-you-hear-colours-14511| website=[[NME]] | title=Meet the Famous Musicians with Synaesthesia, A Condition That Means You Hear Colours | date=27 October 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Billie Eilish]]
|Multiple
|b. 2001
|United States
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Strick|first=Katie|date=2020-01-28|title=Synaesthesia: a superpower I share with Billie Eilish|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/synaesthesia-a-superpower-i-share-with-billie-eilish-a4346686.html|access-date=2020-12-03|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kanye West]]
|Multiple
|b. 1977
|United States
|Rapper, singer-songwriter, record producer, fashion designer
|
|<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sblendorio|first=Peter|title=SEE/HEAR IT: Kanye West sounds off on his synesthesia, the ability to see sounds, in latest rant on 'Ellen'|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/kanye-west-sounds-synesthesia-latest-rant-article-1.2642645|access-date=2020-12-03|website=nydailynews.com|date=19 May 2016 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Nikola Tesla]]
|Chromesthesia 
|1856–1943
|Austria/United States
|Inventor
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://futurism.com/know-your-scientist-nikola-tesla|title=Nikola Tesla, A Trailblazer in Science|website=Futurism}}</ref>
|-
|[[Eves Karydas]]
|Chromesthesia 
|b. 1994
|Australia
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eves Karydas {{!}} Biography & History|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/eves-karydas-mn0003682899/biography|access-date=2020-11-11|website=AllMusic|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-07|title=Interview: Eves Karydas (AUS) talks VANFEST, synaesthesia and working on her new album.|url=https://www.theaureview.com/music/interview-eves-karydas-aus-talks-vanfest-synaesthesia-and-working-on-her-new-album/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=The AU Review|language=en-AU}}</ref>
|-
|[[Duke Ellington]]
|Chromesthesia 
|1899–1974
|United States
|Composer, pianist, bandleader
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Synesthesia Digital Library {{!}} Famous Synesthetes : Duke Ellington|url=http://sdl.granthazard.com/exhibits/show/famous-synesthetes/famous-synesthetes-closer-look/duke-ellington|access-date=2020-12-03|website=sdl.granthazard.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[David Garner (composer)|David Garner]]
|Chromesthesia
|1954-
|United States 
|Composer
|
|
|-
|[[David Hockney]]
|Chromesthesia 
|b. 1937
|United Kingdom
|Artist, stage designer, photographer
|
|<ref>see Cytowic, Richard E.  2002.  ''Synaesthesia: a Union of the Senses.''  Second edition.  Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.</ref>
|-
|[[Greg Jarvis (musician)|Greg Jarvis]]
|Sound to shape
|b. 1944
|Canada
|Musician
|Founded the Canadian Synesthesia Association.
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Everett-Green|first=Robert|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/for-musician-with-synesthesia-the-cello-can-sound-too-furry-or-too-red/article1318371/|title=For Musician With Synaethesia, The Cello Can Sound Too Fury. Or Too Red.|date=Dec 3, 2010|access-date=December 3, 2015|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.metronews.ca/news/canada/2015/01/28/man-who-can-see-and-hear-sounds-shares-his-story.html "Life with synesthesia: Toronto man who can see sounds shares his story".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208153849/http://www.metronews.ca/news/canada/2015/01/28/man-who-can-see-and-hear-sounds-shares-his-story.html|date=2015-12-08}} January 28th 2015, ''Metro – Toronto Edition''.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=For musician with synesthesia, the cello can sound too furry. Or too red|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/for-musician-with-synesthesia-the-cello-can-sound-too-furry-or-too-red/article1318371/|access-date=2020-12-03}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ramin Djawadi]]
|Chromesthesia 
|b. 1974
|Germany
|Score composer
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/game-of-thrones-music-composer-ramin-djawadi-interview-2016-7|title=Meet the musical genius behind the 'Game of Thrones' soundtrack who watches each season before anyone else|first=Kim|last=Renfro|work=Business Insider|date=July 7, 2016|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131113921/http://www.businessinsider.com/game-of-thrones-music-composer-ramin-djawadi-interview-2016-7|archive-date=January 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Billy Joel]]
|Multiple
|b. 1949
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, composer, pianist
|
|<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=MITCHELL|first=KEVIN J.|title=Innate: How the Wiring of Our Brains Shapes Who We Are|date=2018|publisher=Princeton University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctvc77m71|isbn=978-0-691-17388-7|jstor=j.ctvc77m71|s2cid=240016216}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
|-
|[[Bloem de Ligny]]
|Multiple
|b. 1978
|Netherlands
|Singer
|
|<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1154801323935584258|user=bloomdewilde|title=I have this thing called synaesthesia, which means all my senses are delightfully intertwined. Colours numbers soun…<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --> |date=26 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Franz Liszt]]
|[[Chromesthesia|Sound to color]]
|1811–1886
|Hungary
|Composer, pianist
|
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Cytowic, Richard E.|title=Wednesday is indigo blue : discovering the brain of synesthesia|date=2009|publisher=MIT Press|others=Eagleman, David.|isbn=978-0-262-25483-0|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=93|oclc=317116544}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first=Annie (Yen-Ling)|date=2013|title=Listening as Gazing: Synaesthesia and the Double Apotheosis in Franz Liszt's "Hunnenschlacht"|journal=Studia Musicologica|volume=54|issue=4|pages=379–388|doi=10.1556/SMus.54.2013.4.4|issn=1788-6244|jstor=43289733}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Lorde]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1996
|New Zealand
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musictimes.com/articles/51099/20151017/lorde-reveals-wanted-comedian-tumblr-q.htm|title=Lorde Talks Curly Hair, Synesthesia & Wanting to be a Comedian in Tumblr Chat|date=2015-10-17|website=Music Times|language=en|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2017|title=Lorde explains exactly how synaesthesia works|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/lorde-explains-exactly-how-synaesthesia-works/MU434C7MUJDS5HXHCJCHZJURRU/|website=[[NZ Herald]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Adi Meyerson]]
|Unspecified
|b. 1991
|United States
|Composer, Double Bassist
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 10, 2021 |title=Adi Meyerson on taking inspiration from avant garde artist Yayoi Kusama and processing synesthesia through bass |url=https://www.guitarworld.com/features/adi-meyerson-i-want-to-sing-my-heart-out-in-praise-of-life |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007230039/https://www.guitarworld.com/features/adi-meyerson-i-want-to-sing-my-heart-out-in-praise-of-life |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=October 9, 2024 |work=[[Guitar World]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Rising Star: Bassist Adi Meyerson |url=https://njjs.org/2022/10/31/rising-star-bassist-adi-meyerson/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007175513/https://njjs.org/2022/10/31/rising-star-bassist-adi-meyerson/ |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=October 9, 2024 |work=New Jersey Jazz Society}}</ref>
|-
|[[Olivia Rodrigo]]
|Sound to colour
|b. 2003
|United States
|Singer-songwriter 
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://people.com/health/olivia-rodrigo-baby-synesthesia-makes-her-see-colors-when-she-hears-music/?amp=true | title=Olivia Rodrigo Says She Has 'Baby Synesthesia,' Which Makes Her 'See Colors' when She Hears Music }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/olivia-rodrigo-minor-synesthesia-b2078067.html | title=Olivia Rodrigo reveals she has 'minor synesthesia' | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=13 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/health-and-fitness/20220513140147/olivia-rodrigo-secret-health-condition-affecting-her-brain-revealed/?viewas=amp/ | title=Olivia Rodrigo, 19, reveals secret health battle affecting her brain | date=13 May 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Tori Amos]] 
|Sound to color
|b. 1963
|United States
|Singer-songwriter 
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://interestingengineering.com/9-famous-artists-who-have-synesthesia-and-how-it-affected-them|title=9 Famous Artists Who Have Synesthesia and How It Affected Them |date=26 October 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ida Maria]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1984
|Norway
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.list.co.uk/article/8569-ida-maria/|title=Ida Maria|date=2008-05-22|website=The List|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ida Maria: Seeing Red|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/06/26/137420757/ida-maria-seeing-red|access-date=2020-12-03|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marian McPartland]]
|Sound to color
|1918–2013
|United Kingdom/United States
|Jazz pianist
|
|<ref name="HassonStyle">Hasson, Claire. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090723054116/http://www.clarehansson.com/marianmcpartland/content/styleDiscussion.htm A Discussion Of Marian McPartland's Style]}} in ''Marian McPartland: Jazz Pianist: An Overview of a Career''</ref>
|-
|[[Bea Miller]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1999
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, actress
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/amp/articles/columns/pop/7990586/bea-miller-playlist-takeover-tuesday-yellow-ep|title=Takeover Tuesday: Bea Miller Paints Things 'Yellow' With Upbeat EP-Inspired Playlist|last=Kelley|first=Caitlin|date=2017-10-10|website=www.billboard.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref>
|-
|[[Stephanie Morgenstern]]
|Multiple
|b. 1965
|Canada
|Actress, filmmaker
|
|<ref name="Morgenstern">see Raskin, Richard.  2003.  [http://pov.imv.au.dk/pdf/pov15.pdf#search=%22%22Stephanie%20Morgenstern%22%20synesthesia%20interview%22 An interview with Stephanie Morgenstern and Mark Ellis on ''Remembrance''].  ''P.O.V., A Danish Journal of Film Studies; number 15 (March): 170-184.''</ref>
|-
|[[Finneas O'Connell]]
|Multiple
|b. 1997
|United States
|Musician, record producer, actor
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Frank Ocean]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1987
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, producer, artist
|Released ''[[Channel Orange]]'' in 2012, an album themed around his own synesthesia 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grubstreet.com/2012/07/taste-flavor-synesthesia-frank-ocean.html|title=On Frank Ocean, Channel Orange, and Taste Synesthesia|first=Alan|last=Sytsma|website=Grub Street|date=10 July 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Adil Omar]]
|Multiple
|b. 1991
|Pakistan
|Singer-songwriter, record producer
|
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1763348/4-need-talk-adil-omar/ | title=Why we need to talk about Adil Omar | date=21 July 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Andy Partridge]]
|Multiple
|b. 1953
|United Kingdom
|Singer-songwriter, musician
|
|<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montagna |first1=John |title=A Prediction: "This Is Pop" Will Pull in New Fans for XTC |url=https://www.culturesonar.com/this-is-pop-xtc/ |website=Culture Sonar |access-date=10 October 2020 |date=10 February 2018 |quote=We learn about [...] [Partridge's] own synesthesia.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sheppard |first1=Amanda |title=Q: WHAT DO YOU CALL THAT NOISE? A: XTC! |url=https://pleasekillme.com/xtc/ |website=Please Kill Me |access-date=10 October 2020 |date=22 May 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Itzhak Perlman]]
|Sound to shape
|b. 1945
|Israel/United States
|Violinist, conductor, music teacher
|
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Seaberg|first=Maureen|title=Tasting the Universe}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jon Poole]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1969
|United Kingdom
|Musician
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Looker |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Looker |date=17 September 2023 |title=Last Things Live Stream with Kavus Torabi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9OZj9V-uk0&t=8133s |website=[[YouTube]] |time=2:15:33}}</ref>
|-
|[[Osmo Tapio Räihälä]]
|Shape to sound
|b. 1964
|Finland
|Composer
|
|<ref>http://www.sikorski.de/media/files/1/13/27/10031/sikorski_magazin_4_2015.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052507/http://www.sikorski.de/media/files/1/13/27/10031/sikorski_magazin_4_2015.pdf |date=2017-01-18 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maggie Rogers]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1994
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, record producer
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0u7lXy7pDg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/G0u7lXy7pDg |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Pharrell Williams Masterclass with Students at NYU Clive Davis Institute|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jean Sibelius]]
|Unspecified
|1865–1957
|Finland
|Composer, violinist
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Holly Smale]]
|Emotions to color
|b. 1981
|United Kingdom
|Writer
|
|<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Smale |first=Holly |user=HolSmale |number=1401522422273150986 |date=June 6, 2021 |title=Finally, the way we process emotions can vary. I have synaesthesia, so I often read emotions as colours. Trying to work out what "dark purple" means can take time. In short, "autistics can't read emotions" is overly simplistic and unhelpful. We can. Just not like you. |language=en |access-date=June 6, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Carol Steen]]
|Multiple
|b. 1943
|United States
|Artist
|Co-founded the [[American Synesthesia Association]].
|<ref>{{cite journal|author=Steen, C.|year=2001|title=Visions Shared: A Firsthand Look into Synesthesia and Art|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/leonardo/v034/34.3steen.pdf|journal=Leonardo|publisher=MIT Press|volume=34|pages=203–208|doi=10.1162/002409401750286949|number=3|s2cid=57570552}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://synesthesia.info/|title=American Synesthesia Association Official website|date=November 19, 2010|publisher=American Synesthesia Association|access-date=January 14, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[Daniel Tammet]]
|Unspecified
|b. 1979
|United Kingdom
|Author
|
|<ref>Tammet, Daniel.  2006.  "Born on a Blue Day."  London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.</ref>
|-
|[[Brendon Urie]]
|Multiple
|b. 1987
|United States
|Singer
|
|<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/panic-at-the-discos-brendon-urie-band-is-outlet-for-nonchalant-chaos-188429/|title=Panic! at the Disco: Band Is 'Outlet for Nonchalant Chaos'|last1=Spanos|first1=Brittany |date=2016-01-15|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sabrina Vlaškalić]]
|Multiple
|1989–2019
|Serbia
|Classical guitarist
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://classicalguitarmagazine.com/sabrina-vlaskalics-early-struggles-give-way-to-new-confidence/|website=classicalguitarmagazine.com|access-date=2019-12-20|title=Sabrina Vlaskalic's Early Struggles Give Way to New Confidence |date=31 May 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Solomon Shereshevsky]]
|Fivefold
|1886-1958
|Russian Empire/Soviet Union
|Journalist, mnemonist
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 19, 2014|last=du Plessis|first=Susan| title=Solomon Shereshevsky, the Unforgettable - Edublox Online Tutor &#124; Development, Reading, Writing, and Math Solutions |url=https://www.edubloxtutor.com/solomon-shereshevsky/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=October 8, 2019|last= MacDonald|first=Matthew| title=Memory Lessons from a Man Who Couldn't Forget |url=https://medium.com/young-coder/memory-lessons-from-a-man-who-couldnt-forget-4e5d9465d57e}}</ref>
|-
|[[Richard Wagner]]
|Sound to color
|1813–1883
|Germany
|Composer, theatre director, conductor
|
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|[[Pharrell Williams]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1973
|United States
|Singer, rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer
|
|<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Aphex Twin|Richard D. James]]
|Unspecified
|b. 1971
|Ireland
|Musician, record player, composer, remixer, DJ
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Synesthesia Digital Library {{!}} Famous Synesthetes : Richard D. James/Aphex Twin|url=http://sdl.granthazard.com/exhibits/show/famous-synesthetes/famous-synesthetes-closer-look/richard-d-james-aka-aphex-twin|access-date=2020-11-16|website=sdl.granthazard.com}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
|-
|[[Hans Zimmer]]
|Chromesthesia
|b. 1957
|Germany
|Composer, music producer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstshowing.net/2013/interview-man-of-steel-composer-hans-zimmer/|title=Interview: 'Man of Steel' Composer Hans Zimmer on Hearing Colors &#124; FirstShowing.net|date=June 13, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Olivier Messiaen]]
|Chromesthesia 
|1896-1979
|France
|Composer, pianist, organist
|
|<ref>{{cite book|last=Messiaen|first=Olivier|title=Traité de rythme, de couleur, et d'ornithologie}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Bernard|first=Jonathan W. |year=1986|title="Messiaen's Synaesthesia: The Correspondence between Color and Sound Structure in His Music." |chapter=Music Perception |volume=4|pages=41–68}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fink|first=Monika|year= 2003|title="Farb-Klänge und Klang-Farben im Werk von Olivier Messiaen". |journal=Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography. |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=163–172 |issn=1522-7464}}</ref>
|-
|[[Awsten Knight]]
|Sound to color 
|b. 1992
|United States
|Singer-songwriter, producer
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vmagazine.com/article/punk-pops-new-phenomenon-awsten-knight-of-waterparks/|title=Punk Pop's New Phenomenon: Awsten Knight of Waterparks|date=2021-05-18|website=www.vmagazine.com|language=en|access-date=2023-09-11}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nyokabi Kariûki]]
|Chromesthesia	
|b. 1998
|Kenya
|Composer, sound artist
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0R3VuNKmANik12r7ia7JP7|title=CHROMESTHESIA EP|date=2022-11-22|website=www.spotify.com|language=en|access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref>
|-
|[[J57 (rapper)|J57]]
|Sound to color
|b. 1983
|United States
|Musician 
|
|-
|[[Peter Steele]]
|Chromesthesia
|1962-2010
|United States
|Singer-songwriter
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Do You Hear Music In Color?|url=https://www.petersteelerocks.com/fortheloveofpetesteele/2011/09/do-you-hear-music-in-color.html |website=Peter Steele Rocks |publisher=Estate of Peter Steele |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
|Ryan Met ([[AJR]])
|Chromesthesia and sound to shapes/textures
|b. 1994
|United States
|Musician, Songwriter, Singer, Producer
|
|<ref name="ajr yt">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYV4VSWfUYA&t=0s |title=AJR Talk Sia, Rivers Cuomo & Ingrid Michaelson |date=2020-06-13 |last=AskAnythingChat |access-date=2024-12-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcT_PUmYJXE |title=AJR Breaks Down Their New Album Neotheater |date=2019-04-29 |last=Zach Sang Show |access-date=2024-12-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|Jack Met ([[AJR]])
|Chromesthesia
|b. 1997
|United States
|Musician, Songwriter, Singer
|
|<ref name="ajr yt"/>
|}

== Pseudo-synesthetes ==
* [[Alexander Scriabin]] (6 January 1872 – 27 April 1915) probably was not a [[synesthesia|synesthete]], but, rather, was highly influenced by the French and Russian salon fashions.  Most noticeably, Scriabin seems to have been strongly influenced by the writings and talks of the Russian mystic [[Madame Blavatsky|Helena P. Blavatsky]], founder of the [[Theosophical Society]] and author of such works as ''[[Isis Unveiled]]'' and ''[[The Secret Doctrine]]''.<ref name="Dann1998">Dann, Kevin T. 1998. ''Bright Colors Falsely Seen: Synaesthesia and the Search for Transcendental Knowledge.'' New Haven and London: Yale University Press.</ref>  The synesthetic motifs found in Scriabin's compositions – most noticeably in ''Prometheus'', composed in 1911 – are developed from ideas from [[Isaac Newton]], and follow a [[circle of fifths]].<ref name="Dann1998" /><ref>B. M. Galeyev and I. L. Vanechkina (August 2001). [http://prometheus.kai.ru/skriab_e.htm "Was Scriabin a Synesthete?"].  ''Leonardo''; Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 357 - 362.</ref><ref>Scriabin, Alexander. 1995 (1911). ''"Poem of Ecstasy" and "Prometheus: Poem of Fire".''  New York: Dover.</ref>
*[[Arthur Rimbaud]] may or may not have been a synesthete. He wrote a poem about vowels all having colours,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guggenheim.org/audio/track/about-vowels-by-arthur-rimbaud|title=About Vowels by Arthur Rimbaud|website=The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation}}</ref> but he might not have actually perceived [[graphemes]] in colour.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}

[[Category:Synesthesia]]
[[Category:Lists of people with disabilities]]