View source for List of oldest radio stations

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It is generally recognised that the first [[radio transmission]] was made from a temporary station set up by [[Guglielmo Marconi]] in 1895. This followed on from pioneering work in the field by a number of people including [[Alessandro Volta]], [[André-Marie Ampère]], [[Georg Ohm]] and [[James Clerk Maxwell]].<ref name="ReferenceB">Mimi Colligan, ''Golden Days of Radio'', Australia Post, 1991</ref>

The several potential contenders for the title of "oldest radio station" are listed below, organized by sign-on date.
These are not restricted to [[radio broadcasting]], i.e., the transmissions were not necessarily intended to reach a wide audience.

==Stations==
{{Incomplete list|date=December 2017|Zagreb 1926=|Radio station Zagreb, first in southeastern Europe, Belgrade's is not older than this=|Oldest radio stations in the World=}}

===AM on mediumwave and longwave===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="" style="font-size:90%; margin:auto"
|+Experimental and early radio stations ([[AM Broadcasting|AM]] on [[mediumwave]] and [[longwave]])
|-
! Station<br />[[call-sign]]<br />(original)
! Station<br />[[call-sign]]<br />(current)
! City/location
! On air
! Transmission frequency<br />([[AM broadcasting|AM radio]] / [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]])
! [[list of broadcast station classes|Broadcast class]]
|-
|[[Roberto Landell de Moura]]
|n/a
|[[São Paulo]] (between [[Paulista Avenue]] and Alto de Santana)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://memoriallandelldemoura.com.br/|title=Memórias de um Jornalista – Atualidades do mundo da Saúde|language=pt-BR|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102212620/http://memoriallandelldemoura.com.br/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|1893
|
|
|-
|[[Guglielmo Marconi]]
|n/a
|Broadcast across his garden in [[Pontecchio Polesine|Pontecchio]], Italy.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="nobelprize.org">{{Cite web | url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconi-bio.html |title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909}}</ref>
|1895
|
|Experimental
|-
|Although Australia's first officially recognised broadcast was made in 1906, some sources claim that there were transmissions in Australia in 1897, either conducted solely by Professor [[William Henry Bragg]] of the [[University of Adelaide]]<ref>[http://www.wia.org.au/members/history/research/documents/WIA%20MAIN%20T-%20LINE-Nov%202013%20EXTENDED.pdf "TIME LINE – ESTABLISHMENT OF WIRELESS INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA"]</ref><ref>Bernard Harte, ''When Radio Was The Cat's Whiskers'', 2002, privately published Dural, NSW</ref> or by Prof. Bragg in conjunction with G.W. Selby of Melbourne.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>{{List entry too long}}
|n/a
|
|1897
|
|Experimental. Disputed in some sources.
|-
|[[Guglielmo Marconi]], first trans-Atlantic transmission.
|n/a
|from [[Poldhu]], Cornwall to [[Signal Hill, St. John's|Signal Hill]], [[St. John's, Newfoundland]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="nobelprize.org"/>
|December 1901
|
|Experimental
|-
|([[History of broadcasting in Australia|First official Morse Code transmission in Australia]])
|n/a
|from [[Queenscliff, Victoria]] to [[Devonport, Tasmania]]
|1906
|
|Experimental
|-
| ([[Reginald Fessenden]] experimental alternator station)
| BO<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015074629190&view=1up&seq=28 "United States: Brant Rock, Mass."], ''List of Wireless-Telegraph Stations of the World'' (1 August 1907 edition), page 24.</ref>
| [[Brant Rock]], [[Massachusetts]], United States
| 21 December 1906 (Audio tests from various locations from as early as 1900)
| [[AM broadcasting|AM]] 50&nbsp;kHz (approximately)
| ? W
|-
| [[Lee de Forest]] (laboratory in the [[Parker Building (New York City)|Parker Building]])
| [?]
| New York City, New York, United States
| 1907
| [[AM broadcasting|AM]] ? kHz (approximately)
| ? W
|-
| ([[Beloit College]] Professor Dr. Charles Aaron Culver)
| [<nowiki/>[[WBCR-FM|WBCR]], WBNB, WEBW]
| [[Beloit, Wisconsin]], United States
| 1907<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio Station {{!}} WBCR 90.3 FM Beloit College Radio {{!}} United States |url=https://www.wbcr903.com/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=WBCR |language=en}}</ref>
| [[AM broadcasting|AM]] ? kHz (approximately) now airs on 90.3 [[FM broadcasting|FM]].
| ? W
|-
| [[Charles Herrold|FN/SJN/6XF/6XE]]/[[KCBS (AM)|KQW]]/"San Jose"
| [[KCBS (AM)|KCBS]]
| [[San Jose, California]]/San Francisco, California
| 1909, 1921 (officially granted experimental license as KQW, become commercial in 1921, and KCBS in 1949)
| AM 740&nbsp;kHz (Originally used 15 watts modulated with [[Carbon microphone]])
| Class-B
|-
| [[XWA (radio)|XWA]]
| [[CINW (AM)|CINW]]
| [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada
| August 1914 – 1 December 1919 – May 1922 – 29 January 2010
| AM 940&nbsp;kHz (Not original frequency). Considered by many Canadians to be "First scheduled broadcast station;" prior call sign CFCF stood for '''C'''anada's '''F'''irst, '''C'''anada's '''F'''inest.
| Class-A ([[Clear-channel stations|Clear channel]]); XWA Experimental and W/T School station licence starting end of 1914,<ref>"Report of the Department of the Naval Service for the Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1915"</ref> regular broadcasting test emissions starting 1 December 1919 with XWA being replaced in May 1922 by private commercial broadcasting licence CFCF;<ref>Armstrong, R. (2015), "Broadcasting Policy in Canada", 2nd Edition, University of Toronto Press, p. 23; "LE RADIO – Programme du 25 juin", La Presse newspaper, Saturday 24 June 1922</ref> AM station CINW ceased operations on 29 January 2010.
|-
|2YU
|[[WRUC]]
|[[Union College]], [[Schenectady, New York]]
|1915<ref>"Union College", Education's Own Stations by S. E. Frost, Jr., PhD, 1937, pages 437–441.</ref>
|Various Frequencies [[AM broadcasting|AM]], switched in 1975 to 90.9 [[FM broadcasting|FM]], & moved in 1983 to 89.7 [[FM broadcasting|FM]] 
|Original: Technical & Training School License, Current: Class-A
|-
| 2XI
| [[WGY (AM)|WGY]]
| [[Schenectady, New York]]
| 20 February 1922 
| AM 810&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A
|-
| 9ZP, 9CLS
| [[KGFX (AM)|KGFX]]
| [[Pierre, South Dakota]]
| The station's roots date back to 1912 when Dana McNeil, was first licensed as 9ZP.  In 1916, he was licensed as 9CLS.  According to the FCC's card file for the station, the broadcast license for KGFX was first issued on 15 August 1927, with the licensee listed as Dana McNeil, The station was originally at 1180&nbsp;kHz, moving to 580&nbsp;kHz in 1928. In 1932, it moved to 630&nbsp;kHz, where it remained until 1967.As of 2018 KGFX 1060AM continues to broadcast local content at 10&nbsp;kW power in Pierre, SD. With an FM translator broadcasting at 107.1{{List entry too long}}
| Various frequencies, 
|
|-
| [[Radio 2XG|2XG]]
| 
| New York City
| 1916
| Unknown
| Unknown<br />(see also Lee de Forest [above].)
|-
| [[Frank Conrad#Early radio work|8XK]], [[KDKA (AM)|8ZZ]]
| [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA]]
| [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania
| 1916
| AM 1020&nbsp;kHz
| 75 watts (1916), Class-A (1920–present). Began simulcasting on shortwave in 1923 as 8XS.
|-
| [[Easter Rising|Irish rebel station]]
| none
| [[General Post Office (Dublin)|General Post Office]], [[O'Connell Street|Sackville Street]], [[Dublin]], Ireland
| 24 April 1916
| Morse code only (Despite this claimed{{where|date=August 2020}} by some{{who|date=August 2020}} to be "world's first broadcast" as transmission not aimed at specific target)
| converted ship transmitter
|-
| 9XM
| [[WHA (AM)|WHA]]
| [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], [[Madison, Wisconsin]]
| 4 December 1916 (regular Morse code weather broadcasts; first voice broadcast in February 1919; regular programming January 1921)
| AM 970&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B
|-
|First direct communication Australia to the United Kingdom
|n/a
|[[AWA Technology Services|AWA]]; [[Ernest Fisk]]; [[Sydney]]
|1918
|AM 21&nbsp;kHz
|<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 25">Carty, Bruce, ''On the Air – Australian Radio History'', privately published Gosford NSW, page 25</ref>
|-
|7AC/7XC
|[[KJR (AM)|KJR]]
|Seattle, WA, USA
|1919
|AM 833&nbsp;kHz/619&nbsp;kHz, then various frequencies; currently AM 950&nbsp;kHz & FM 102.9&nbsp;MHz
|<ref name="The 100th Anniversary of KJR Seattle, 1919 to 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.radioworld.com/columns-and-views/roots-of-radio/kjr-seattle-1919-to-2019|title=The 100th Anniversary of KJR Seattle, 1919 to 2019|date=24 December 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[:pt:Rádio Clube (Recife)|Rádio Clube de Pernambuco]]
|same name as well
|[[Recife]], Pernambuco, 
|1919
|AM 720&nbsp;kHz
|Made the first radiophonic broadcast in Brazil, but the first radio officially acknowledged was [[Rádio Sociedade do Rio de Janeiro]] (actually, [[:pt:Rádio MEC|Rádio MEC]]). Also, it is one of the oldest stations in the world.{{List entry too long}}
|-
|[[Timeline of Australian radio|First Australian experiment in the broadcast of music]]
|n/a
|[[AWA Technology Services|AWA]]; [[Ernest Fisk]]; [[Sydney]]
|8 August 1919
|AM
|<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 25"/>
|-
|Doubleday-Hill radio department station<ref name="Telephone Downtown Soon">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=731RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VWgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=608,535339 "Telephone Downtown Soon"], "The Radio Amateur" by C. E. Urban, ''Pittsburgh Gazette Times'', 26 October 1919, Sixth section, page 13.</ref><ref name="news.google.com">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WX1RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GGgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1450%2C5123390 "Wireless Phone Installed by Local  Firm"], "The Radio Amateur" by C. E. Urban, ''Pittsburgh Gazette Times'', 25 January 1920, Fifth section, page 9.</ref>
|[[KQV]]<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=260 "New Stations: Commercial Land Stations"], ''Radio Service Bulletin'', 1 November 1921, page 2.</ref>
|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
|19 November 1919<ref name="Telephone Downtown Soon"/><ref name="news.google.com"/><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bn1RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GGgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4211%2C684678 "Radiophone Concert Schedule"], "The Radio Amateur" by C. E. Urban, ''Pittsburgh Gazette Times'', 15 February 1920, Second section, page 4. "Messrs. Williams and Devinney" were Burton P. Williams and Robert C. Devinney.</ref>
|Currently AM 1410&nbsp;kHz
|Currently Class D
|-
| (Experimental Czech tests)
|
| [[Petřínská rozhledna]] (Petřín Lookout Tower), [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]]
| 28 October 1919 (Experimental),<br />20 May 1920
| AM ??? kHz
| ?? kW
|-
| [[2MT]] (Marconi experimental station with a regular news service)
|
| Writtle, [[Chelmsford]], Essex, England
| 23 February 1920
| AM 107&nbsp;kHz
| 15&nbsp;kW
|-
| [[LOR Radio Argentina]]
| LOR
| [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| 27 August 1920
Continued daily commercial broadcast up to 1997
| AM 857&nbsp;kHz<ref>Revista Telegráfica, May 1923, Page 134</ref>
| 5 Watts initially, 500 Watts by 1921
|-
| 6ADZ
| [[KNX (AM)|KNX]]
| Los Angeles, California
| Summer 1920, granted broadcasting station license 1921
| AM 1070&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A
|-
| [[8MK]]
| [[WWJ (AM)|WWJ]]
| Detroit, Michigan
| 20 August 1920
| AM 950&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B
|-
| [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA]]
| same as original. 
| [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania
| 27 October 1920 (Aired as 8ZZ that night)
| AM 1020&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A ([[Clear-channel stations|Clear channel]])
|-
| 9AH
| 
| Toronto, Canada
| 18 April 1921 (as 9AH); 18 April 1922 (as CKCE) - closed September 1924
| 450 metres
| Licensed to Canadian Independent Telephone Company of Toronto (CITCO), initially as experimental license for wireless telephony.<ref>{{cite web |title=CKCE (AM) |url=https://broadcasting-history.ca/radio/radio-stations/ontario/ontario-city-of-toronto/ckce-am/ |website=History of Canadian Broadcasting |publisher=Canadian Communications Foundation |access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[WEW|9YK]]
| [[WEW]]
| [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]
| 21 April 1921 (as 9YK); 23 March 1922 (as WEW)
| AM 770&nbsp;kHz
| Class-D
|-
| WRR
| [[KTCK (AM)|KTCK]]
| [[Dallas]], Texas
| 4 August 1921 (broadcasts date back to 1920)
| AM 1310&nbsp;kHz
| 
|-
| [[WBZ (AM)|WBZ]]
| Same as original. 
| [[Boston]], Massachusetts
| 19 September 1921
| AM 1030&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A ([[Clear-channel stations|Clear channel]])
|-
| [[XEH (AM)|XEH-AM]]
| Same as original. 
| [[San Nicolás de los Garza]], Nuevo León
| 9 October 1921
| AM 1420&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B 
|-
|[[KYW (AM)|KYW]]
|same as original 
|Chicago, Illinois (1921)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VMcnAAAAYAAJ&dq=kyw+wbu+chicago&pg=RA5-PA508 Radio broadcast-Volume 1-Radio Has Gripped Chicago-pages 503–511]</ref> <br />[[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania (1934)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.otrr.org/FILES/Magz_pdf/Microphone/Microphone_34_11_30.pdf|title=New KYW Opens December 3rd (page 4)|date=24 November 1934|publisher=The Microphone|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><br />[[Cleveland]], Ohio (1956)<br />Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1965)<ref name="KYW Newsradio Station History">[http://kyw1060.com/pages/11853.php KYW Newsradio Station History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107021431/http://kyw1060.com/pages/11853.php |date=7 January 2007 }}, which details the evolution of the station from Chicago, to Philadelphia, to Cleveland and back to Philadelphia.</ref>
|11 November 1921
|AM 560&nbsp;kHz, 570&nbsp;kHz, 1020&nbsp;kHz (Chicago)<br />AM 1020&nbsp;kHz (Philadelphia)<br />AM 1100&nbsp;kHz (Cleveland))<br />AM 1060&nbsp;kHz (Philadelphia)
|Class-A ([[Clear-channel stations|Clear channel]])
|-
|Experimental broadcasts by Professor Robert Jack<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert Jack (physicist)|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4j1/jack-robert}}</ref> of Otago University
|4XD
|Dunedin, New Zealand
|17 November 1921
|experimental
|New Zealand's first regular broadcasts of voice and music<ref>{{Cite web|title=NZHistory|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/robert-jack}}</ref>
|-
|[[2CM]]
|&nbsp;
|Charles Maclurcan; Sydney
|1921
|AM 214&nbsp;kHz
|[[Timeline of Australian radio|Australia's first experimental station]]<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 25"/>
|-
|Radio Journal de la Tour Eiffel<br />([[Eiffel Tower]] Newsreel)
|[[France Inter]]
|Paris, France
|1921
|"Long wave"<br />115&nbsp;kHz (2600 m)
|N/A
|-
|[[WCAT (South Dakota)|WCAT]]
|
|[[Rapid City, South Dakota]]
|1922
|AM 618&nbsp;kHz (1922–?)<br />AM 1200&nbsp;kHz 1928–1941<br />AM 1230&nbsp;kHz 1941–1952
|
|-
| 9-BC, 9-XR, 9-BY, WOC
|[[WOC (AM)|WOC]]
|[[Davenport, Iowa]]
| 1922
| 1420&nbsp;kHz (1942–present)
|Class-B
|-
|[[Radio K|WLB]]
|[[KUOM]]
|[[Saint Paul, Minnesota]]
|13 January 1922
| AM 770&nbsp;kHz
| Class-D
|-
| [[WEPN (AM)|WHN]]
| [[WEPN (AM)|WEPN]]
| [[Ridgewood, Queens|Ridgewood, New York]]
| February 1922,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesnewsweekly.com/common/whnradio.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=30 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526053845/http://www.timesnewsweekly.com/common/whnradio.html |archivedate=26 May 2011 }}</ref> some sources cite 18 March 1922
| AM 833&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A
|-
| [[KLZ (AM)|KLZ]]
| same as original
| [[Denver]], Colorado
| 10 March 1922<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earlyradiohistory.us/pion622.htm#oldest |accessdate=21 January 2020|title=United States Pioneer Broadcast Service Stations}}</ref> 
| AM 560 kHZ
| [http://www.KLZradio.com www.KLZradio.com], Colorado's First Station, Class-B
|-
|[[WSB (AM)|WSB]]
| Same as original
|[[Atlanta]], Georgia
|15 March 1922<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=334 "New Stations: Commercial Land Stations"], ''Radio Service Bulletin'', April 1, 1922, page 2.</ref>
| Originally on 360 meters (AM 833&nbsp;kHz), moved across the dial and eventually assigned to AM 750&nbsp;kHz following the [[North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement|NARBA]] treaties
| Class-A ([[Clear-channel stations|Clear channel]])
|-
|[[WTEL (AM)|WIP]]
|[[WTEL (AM)|WTEL]]
|[[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania
|17 March 1922
| AM 610&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B
|-
|[[WLW]]
|[[WLW]]
|[[Cincinnati]], Ohio
|23 March 1922
| AM 700&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A ([[Clear-channel stations|Clear channel]])
|-
| [[WWL (AM)|WWL]]
| same as original
| [[New Orleans]], Louisiana
| 31 March 1922
| AM 870&nbsp;kHz 
| Class A
|-
| [[WMAQ (AM)|WGU]]
| [[WSCR]]
| Chicago, Illinois
| 13 April 1922
| Originally AM 833&nbsp;kHz, became WMAQ at 750&nbsp;kHz on 2 October 1922, moved to 670&nbsp;kHz on 2 July 1923
| Class-A
|-
| [[KHJ (AM)|KHJ]] 
| [[KHJ (AM)|KHJ]]
| Los Angeles, California
| 13 April 1922
| AM 720&nbsp;kHz, founded by C.R. Kierulff & Co., sold to Times-Mirror Company in late 1922
| Class-A
|-
| [[KFI]] 
| [[KFI]]
| Los Angeles, California
| 16 April 1922
| AM 640&nbsp;kHz, founded by Earle C. Anthony
| Class-A
|-
| 4XD
| [[WBT (AM)|WBT]]
| [[Charlotte, North Carolina]]
| 18 December 1920, License granted 10 April 1922
| AM 1110&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A
|-
|CKOC
| [[CKOC]]
| [[Hamilton, Ontario]]
| 1 May 1922
| 410 metres (1922–1925)<br>
AM 880&nbsp;kHz (1925–1930)<br>
AM 1120&nbsp;kHz (1930–1931)<br>
AM 630&nbsp;kHz (1931–1933)<br>
AM 1120&nbsp;kHz (1933–1941)<br>
AM 1150&nbsp;kHz (1941—present)
| Class B 
|-
| KZN
| [[KSL (AM)|KSL]]
| [[Salt Lake City]], Utah and vicinity
| 6 May 1922
| AM 1160&nbsp;kHz(1941–present)
| Class A (Clear channel)
|-
| [[2LO]]
| [[2LO]]
| London, United Kingdom
| 11 May 1922
| 1 hour daily tests on 350 metres (857&nbsp;kHz) AM. Full service opened: 14 November 1922
| 
|-
| [[2ZY]]
| [[2ZY]]
| [[Manchester]], United Kingdom
| 17 May 1922
| Test TXs: 350 metres (857&nbsp;kHz) AM. Full service opened 15 November 1922: 375 meters
| 
|-
| [[CFCA (AM)|CFCA]]
| none
| [[Toronto]], Canada
| 22 June 1922 — 1 September 1933
| Began testing on 450 metres on 10 April 1922, licensed for 400 metres beginning 22 June 2022. Moved to 770&nbsp;kHz in 1928. 
| 
|-
| KFBL
| [[KRKO (AM)|KRKO]]
| [[Everett, Washington, USA]]
| 26 August 1922<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-338240A1.pdf |title=Radio Service Bulletin}}</ref>
| AM 1380&nbsp; kHz (1958–present)
| Class B (Regional)
|-
| [[CKAC (AM)|CKAC]]
| same as original
| [[Montreal]], Quebec/[[Montreal, Québec]], Canada
| 12 September 1922
| AM 730&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A
|-
| DN
| [[Radio Dunedin|4XD]]
| [[Dunedin]], New Zealand
| 4 October 1922
| originally AM 1431&nbsp;kHz, now AM 1305&nbsp;kHz and FM 99.8&nbsp;MHz
| 
|-
| 9BT
| [[CFRC-FM]]
| [[Kingston, Ontario]], Canada
| 7 October 1922
| 450 metres (666&nbsp;kHz) (ca.1923–1925),<br>AM 1120&nbsp;kHz (1925–1930),<br>AM 930&nbsp;kHz (1930–1933),<br>AM 915&nbsp;kHz (c. 1933),<br>AM 1510&nbsp;kHz (1933–1941),<br>AM 1490&nbsp;kHz (1941–1990)<br>concurrently FM 91.9&nbsp;MHz (1954–1990)<br>(now FM 101.9&nbsp;MHz)
|Class-A
|-
| [[5IT]]
| [[5IT]]
| [[Birmingham]], United Kingdom
| 15 November 1922
| Not known
| 
|-
| [[WNAX (AM)|WNAX]]
| same as original
| [[Yankton, South Dakota]]
| 25 November 1922
| AM 570&nbsp;kHz
| 
|-
| [[WKAQ (AM)|WKAQ]]
| same as original
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]
| 3 December 1922
| AM 580&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B
|-
| [[Radio Ceylon]]
| [[Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation]]
| [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| 1923 (experimental), 1925 (official launch) – present
| "Long wave" 375&nbsp;kHz
| 1500 W<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://mt-shortwave.blogspot.com/2012/04/story-of-radio-broadcasting-in-ceylon.html |title = Shortwave Central: The Story of Radio Broadcasting in Ceylon|date = 10 April 2012}}</ref>
|-

| [[WKBV]]<br />William Knox BrookVille
| Same as is
| [[Richmond, Indiana]]  <br />[[Whitewater Broadcasting]]
| 1923
| AM 1000&nbsp;kHz 24/7
| Class B
|-
| [[CKUA Radio Network|CKUA]]
| CKUA Radio Network
| [[Edmonton]], Alberta<br />(broadcast province-wide)
| 1923
| Originated as CFCK in 1923. Began airing University of Alberta lectures in 1925. Purchased by the university in 1927, becoming educational station CKUA on November 21. 500-watt (Original)<br />AM 580&nbsp;kHz (Edmonton)<br />Various FM frequencies province-wide with first FM licence granted in 1947. FM only since 2013 when AM signal discontinued.
| B
|-
|[[:es:Radio Chilena|Radio Chilena]] (Chile Radio Company)
|CB66
|[[Santiago]], Chile
|October 1922 (experimental), 26 March 1923 (official launch) – 2005
|AM 660&nbsp;kHz
|
|-
| PKX ([[Malabar Radio Station|Malabar Radio]])
| n/a
| [[Bandung Regency|Bandung]], [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]])
| 5 May 1923
| Long wave
|
|-
| [[Czech Radio|Radiojournal]]
| Český rozhlas Radiožurnál
| [[Prague]]-[[Kbely]], [[Czechoslovakia]]
| 18 May 1923
| "Long wave"<br />292&nbsp;kHz (1025 m){{Verify source|date=May 2020}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radio.cz/en/article/49702 |title=Czech Radio history |access-date=27 January 2007 |archive-date=20 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820062554/http://www.radio.cz/en/article/49702 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Radio history |url=https://www.radio.cz/en/static/history-of-radio-prague/czech-radio-history |website=Radio Prague International |accessdate=9 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| CYB "El Buen Tono"
| [[XEB-AM]] ([[Instituto Mexicano de la Radio]])
| [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| 23 September 1923<ref>[http://xeb.imer.gob.mx/acerca-de-la-xeb About XEB (in Spanish)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810150229/http://xeb.imer.gob.mx/acerca-de-la-xeb |date=10 August 2013 }}</ref>
| AM 1220&nbsp;kHz
| N/A
|-
|[[Timeline of Finnish radio|Finland's]] first private public broadcasting station. [[3NB]]
|3NB, [[Tampere]]
|[[Tampere]], [[Tavastia (historical province)|Tavastia]]
|1 November 1923 
|AM kHz
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2013/08/21/radiopioneerit-tamperelaisella-ullakolla |title = Radiopioneerit tamperelaisella ullakolla| date=21 August 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Timeline of Australian radio|Australia's]] first '''official''' station. [[702 ABC Sydney|2SB]]; 2BL as from 1 March 1924
|[[ABC Radio Sydney]]
|Sydney
|23 November 1923. One of six [[Sealed Set]] system stations; 
|AM 855&nbsp;kHz
|<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 27">Carty, Bruce, ''On the Air – Australian Radio History'', privately published Gosford NSW, page 27</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">R R Walker, ''The Magic Spark: 50 Years of Radio in Australia'', The Hawthorn Press, Melbourne, 1973</ref>
|-
|XRO
|n/a
|Shanghai, China
|November 1923
|AM 1500&nbsp;kHz
|50 Watts (1923). First radio station in China.<ref>[http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/Info?idnode=79778&tableName=userobject1a&id=104472 第一节 无线广播]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, shtong.gov.cn</ref>
|-
|[[Radio National|2FC]]
|2RN, Radio National
|Sydney
|12 December 1923. One of six [[Sealed Set]] system stations; 
|AM 273&nbsp;kHz
|<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 27"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
|Radio Ibérica
|N/A
|[[Madrid]], Spain
|22 December 1923.; 
|AM 729&nbsp;kHz
|N/A
|-
|19 September 1924
|[[Radio Belgrade]]
|[[Belgrade]], Serbia
|19 September 1924.; 
|AM 684&nbsp;kHz
|N/A
|-
|[[Radio National|3AR]]
|3RN, Radio National
|[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria, Australia]]
|26 January 1924. One of six [[Sealed Set]] system stations; 
|AM 625&nbsp;kHz
|<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 47">Carty, Bruce, ''On the Air – Australian Radio History'', privately published Gosford NSW, page 47</ref><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
| WES
| [[WLS (AM)|WLS]]
| Chicago, Illinois
| Owned by [[Sears|Sears Roebuck]], WLS would come to stand for the World's Largest Store. Sears ran broadcasts from WMAQ studios as WBBX in March 1924. WES tests were conducted 9 to 11 April 1924. WLS would begin on 12 April and became one of 25 original 50,000 watt "Clear Channel" system stations; 
| Originally AM 870&nbsp;kHz, AM 890&nbsp;kHz
| Class-A
|-
|[[ABC Radio Perth|6WF]]
|720 ABC Perth
|[[Perth]], [[Western Australia]]
|4 June 1924. One of six [[Sealed Set]] system stations; 
|AM 240&nbsp;kHz
|<ref>Carty, Bruce, ''On the Air – Australian Radio History'', privately published Gosford NSW, page 74</ref><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
| N/A
| [http://www.radiobloemendaal.nl Radio Bloemendaal]
| [[Bloemendaal]], [[Netherlands]]  <br />
| 15 June 1924
| originally AM 1500&nbsp;kHz (200m)<br />later AM 1223&nbsp;kHz (245 m)<br />currently AM 1116&nbsp;kHz (269 m)
| various
|-
|VOWR/8WMC
|800 AM
|St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
|24 July 1924
|800 AM
|[[VOWR|VOWR - Wikipedia]]
|-
| URI ([[Unione Radiofonica Italiana]]), 1-RO
| [[Rai Radio 1]]
| Rome, Italy <br />
| 6 October 1924
| AM 705 (425m) &nbsp;kHz
|-
| [[KFUO (AM)|KFUO]]
| Same as original
| St. Louis, Missouri
| 14 December 1924
| AM 850&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B
|-
|[[KOA (AM)|KOA]]
| same as original 
| [[Denver]], Colorado, United States <br />
| 15 December 1924 One of 25 original 50,000 watt "Clear Channel" system stations
| AM850&nbsp;kHz
|
|-
| [[Statsradiofonien]]
| [[DR P1]]
| [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| 1 April 1925 (experimental), license granted April 1926, Regular broadcast from April 1926
| "Long wave"
| N/A
|-|-
| WCSH
| [[WZAN]]
| [[Portland, Maine]]
| 1925
| "Long wave"
|
|-
| N/A
| [[Polskie Radio|Radio Poland]]
| [[Warsaw]], Poland
| 1 February 1925 (experimental), Regular broadcast from 18 April 1926
| "Medium wave"
| N/A
|-
| N/A
| [[Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company|Radio Romania]]
| [[Bucharest]], Romania
| Summer 1925 – 1927 (experimental), license granted March 1928, Regular broadcast from 1 November 1928
| "Long wave"
| N/A
|-
|[[2BE (Sydney)|2BE]]. Australia's first commercial station. Burgin Electric Company.
|n/a
|Sydney
|7 November 1924 to 6 November 1929
|AM 870&nbsp;kHz. (Wavelength later taken by [[2GB]].)<ref>Carty, Bruce, ''On the Air – Australian Radio History'', privately published Gosford NSW, page 28</ref>
|[[History of broadcasting|B Class]], commercial<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
| [[WEBK (AM)|WEBK]]
| [[WOOD (AM)|WOOD]]
| [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], United States
| 16 September 1924
| AM 1130&nbsp;kHz, presently on 1300&nbsp;kHz,
| Class-B
|-
|[[ABC Radio Melbourne|3LO]]
|774 ABC Melbourne
|[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria, Australia]]
|13 October 1924. One of six [[Sealed Set]] system stations; 
|AM 175&nbsp;kHz
|<ref name="Carty, Bruce page 47"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|-
|[[5MA]]
| n/a
|[[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]]
|April 1924 to early 1925. One of six [[Sealed Set]] system stations.
|Does not appear to have actually broadcast
|see [[Arthur William Jarrett]]
|-
|[[2UE]]. Australia's third commercial station, and the oldest commercial station still operating.
|[[2UE]]
|Sydney
|26 January 1925
|AM 1025&nbsp;kHz
|[[History of broadcasting|B Class]], commercial.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Was originally going to broadcast as 2EU, but the callsign was reversed prior to the licence being issued on 7 November 1924.
|-
| [[NHK Radio 1|JOAK]]
| same as is
| Tokyo, Japan
| 22 March 1925
| AM 594&nbsp;kHz
|
|-
| Bataviase Radio Vereniging
| [[:id:RRI Jakarta|RRI Jakarta]] stations (part of [[Radio Republik Indonesia|RRI]])
| [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]], Dutch East Indies (now [[Jakarta]], Indonesia)
| 16 June 1925
| 
|
|-
| [[CHRC (AM)|CHRC]]
| [[CHRC (AM)|CHRC]]
| [[Quebec City, Quebec]]/[[Quebec City, Quebec]], Canada
| 1 April 1926
| AM 800&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B. Final broadcast in 2012.
|-
| [[LRT Radijas|Lietuvos Radijas]]
| [[LRT Radijas]]
| Kaunas, Lithuania
| 26 June 1926
| AM 1961&nbsp;kHz
|
|-
|XOH, later COHB
|PBS Harbin News Radio
|[[Harbin]], China
|1 October 1926
|AM 1071&nbsp;kHz (1926)<br />AM 674&nbsp;kHz (1928, as COHB)<br />AM 1055&nbsp;kHz (1945, as XMHR)<br />AM 837&nbsp;kHz (1949 to present)
|100 Watts, 1928 1&nbsp;kW. First radio station founded by Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shuju.zglz.gov.cn/BookRead.aspx?BookID=201708230023 |title=黑龙江省志 广播电视志 |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=13 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413132503/http://shuju.zglz.gov.cn/BookRead.aspx%3FBookID%3D201708230023 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[CFCO (AM)|CFCO]]
| same as is
| [[Chatham, Ontario]]/[[Chatham-Kent, Ontario]], Canada
| September 1927
| AM 630&nbsp;kHz
| Class-B
|-
| JODK
| [[HLKA]]
| [[Seoul]], South Korea
| 1927
| AM 711&nbsp;kHz
| 
|-
| GOW, ZBW
| [[RTHK]]
| Hong Kong
| 30 June 1928 (GOW, now RTHK 3)
|
|
|-
| [[1XE]] 
| became [[WGI (radio station)|WGI]] February 1922 (and WARC March 1925)
| [[Medford, Massachusetts]]
| 1916 sporadically, then 1919–1920 till April 1925
| ? – later on 833&nbsp;kHz
|
|-
| [[2XN]]
| 
| [[City College of New York]], New York City
| 1913; 1920
|
|
|-
| [[2ZK]]
|
| [[New Rochelle, New York]]
| 1916
|
|
|-
| NSF/[[Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep|HDO, later ANDO and AVRO]]
| [[Netherlands Public Broadcasting|NPO]]
| | [[Huizen]] (transmitter), [[Hilversum]] (studio), [[Netherlands]]
| 21 July 1923, from 1930 part of Dutch Public Radio
| AM 279&nbsp;kHz, 1927 also 1004&nbsp;kHz, today FM network
| 500 W, 1927 5&nbsp;kW
|-
| [[2RN]] (Irish Free State radio)
| [[RTÉ]] (Irish national radio & television)<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/681-history-of-rte/ |title = History of RTÉ|website = [[RTÉ.ie]]}}</ref>
| [[General Post Office (Dublin)|General Post Office]] ([[O'Connell Street]]), [[Dublin]], Ireland
| 1 January 1926
| AM 380&nbsp;kHz, and from [[Cork (city)|Cork]] AM612&nbsp;kHz,
|
|-
| NDO, 50% time KRO, 50% NCRV
| [[Netherlands Public Broadcasting|NPO]]
| [[Huizen]] (transmitter), [[Hilversum]] (studio), [[Netherlands]]
| 1927, from 1930 part of Dutch Public radio
| AM 160&nbsp;kHz, 1935 transmitter moved to Kootwijk, 1938 also Jaarsveld 722&nbsp;kHz, today FM network and 747/1251&nbsp;kHz
| Huizen 15&nbsp;kW, Kootwijk day 15&nbsp;kW, evening 120&nbsp;kW, Jaarsveld 20&nbsp;kW
|-
|[[2TM]]
|2TM 
|[[Tamworth, New South Wales|Tamworth]], Australia
|27 February 1935
|1287&nbsp;kHz
|
|}

===FM or shortwave===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Experimental or early radio stations ([[FM Broadcasting|FM]] and [[shortwave]])
|-
! Station<br />[[call-sign]]<br />(original)
! Station<br />[[call-sign]]<br />(current)
! City/location
! On air
! Transmission frequency<br />([[AM broadcasting|AM radio]] / [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]])
! [[list of broadcast station classes|Broadcast class]]
|-
| [[PCGG]]
| N/A
| [[The Hague]], Netherlands
| 6 November 1919 – 11 November 1924
| Narrow-band FM, 570 m
| N/A
|-
| [[WWV (radio station)|WWV]] US Government [[Time signal|Time Service]]
| [[WWV (radio station)|WWV]]
| [[Fort Collins, Colorado]]
| "6 months before KDKA" (May 1920)
| 2.5&nbsp;MHz, 5&nbsp;MHz, 10&nbsp;MHz, 15&nbsp;MHz and 20&nbsp;MHz
| HF (Shortwave)
|-
| XS (1921–1929),<br />W8XK (1929–1939),<br />WPIT (1939–1940)<ref>"WESTINGHOUSE INTERNATIONAL STATIONS: UNDER NEW CALL LETTERS",
''The Palestine Post'' (1933-1950); Jerusalem, Israel [Jerusalem, Israel]22 Sep 1939: 7.</ref>
|  
| [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]
| November 1920 – December 1939<br />Owned and operated by [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]]. Used to relay KDKA signal to AM rebroadcasters in other cities.<ref>http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-3A5 {{Bare URL inline|date=September 2022}}</ref> Broadcast programming from [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA]], and also broadcast ''[[The Northern Messenger]]'' to the Arctic. Merged with WBOS (1940) and became a VOA transmitter (1942).
| 15,210&nbsp;kHz, 11,880&nbsp;kHz, 6,140&nbsp;kHz<ref>"QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: Time Schedule and Channels Used by KDKA's ShortWave Transmitter--Call Is W8XK", ''The New York Times'' (1923-Current file); New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]17 Aug 1930: 120.</ref> 
|40&nbsp;kW (1937)<ref>{{cite news |title=The Canadian Northern Messenger Service |url=http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan180304.html |accessdate=29 September 2020 |work=Wavescan (Adventist World Radio)|date=4 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[PCJJ]] 
|[[Radio Netherlands Worldwide]]
|[[Philips]] Laboratories at [[Eindhoven]], [[Netherlands]], moved to [[Hilversum]] in 1933.
|The first shortwave station in Europe. 25 June 1926 (test transmissions began), and the first shortwave station in the world with its own dedicated programming rather than being a simulcast of an AM/MW or LW station such as [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA]]. Regular broadcast from 30 May 1927 to May 1940 when the station went dark due to the German occupation of Holland; resumed after liberation October 1945 – 1946 when Philips and other shortwave radio stations taken over by Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Sister station PHI broadcast in Dutch to the Dutch East and West Indies from 1928 to 1930 and 1934 to 1949.
|30.2 metres shortwave
|
|-
| G2NM<ref>Clarricoats, John (1967). ''World at their fingertips'', pub. RSGB, pp. 130–132</ref>
| 
| Caterham, Surrey, England
| 11 September 1927. 
| 23 and 33 metres
| 1&nbsp;kW
|-
| [[VE9GW]]  
| CRCX
| [[Bowmanville]], Ontario 
| April 1930 – 1938 – used to relay [[CBLA-FM|CRCT]] (later CBL) to northern Ontario, northern Manitoba and the Canadian Arctic 
| 6.095&nbsp;MHz (primarily), 11.810&nbsp;MHz, 24.380&nbsp;MHz
| 25 watt (initially), 200 watts (1031), 500 watts (1932)  
|-
|HVJ
|[[Vatican Radio]]
|[[Vatican City]]
|12 February 1931
|
|10&nbsp;kW (originally)
|-
|[[HCJB]]
|HCJB
|[[Quito, Ecuador]]
|25 December 1931
|50.26 metres, later 6050&nbsp;kHz, 9745&nbsp;kHz, 11775&nbsp;kHz and 15155&nbsp;kHz.
| 200 watts (initially), 1,000 watt (1937), 10,000 watt (1940), 100,000 (1967), 500,000 (1981)
|-
| [[W8XH]]
| 
| [[Buffalo, New York]]
| 18 March 1934 – July 1939. Replaced in 1944 with an FM station, now known as [[WTSS]].
| 51.4 & 41.0&nbsp;MHz 
| [[Apex (radio band)|Apex (ultra-shortwave)]]
|-
| [[WGTR (Massachusetts)|W1XOJ]]
| 
| [[Paxton, Massachusetts]]/[[Boston]], Massachusetts
| 1937
| 
| Unknown
|-
| W1XPW, briefly W65H
| [[WHCN]]
| [[Hartford, Connecticut]]
| 1939
| 102.9 FM
|
|-
|[[W2XMN]]
|
|[[Alpine, New Jersey]]
|1939 – 1946
|42.8&nbsp;MHz, later 44.1&nbsp;MHz
|
|-
| W2XDA (Schenectady)/W2XOY ([[New Scotland, New York|New Scotland]]), later WGFM
| [[WRVE]]
| [[Schenectady, New York]]
| 1939, 20 November 1940 as W2XOY<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/broadcasting19unse#page/n1165/mode/1up "Carnival Atmosphere"], ''Broadcasting'', 1 December 1940, page 76.</ref>
| Originally on FM 48.5&nbsp;MHz, now FM 99.5
| Unknown
|-
| [[WSM-FM (1941–1951)|W47NV]]
| N/A
| [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
| 1941 to 1951
|
| Unknown
|}

===Networks===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Early radio networks
|-
! Name
! Full name
! Location
! On air
! Notes
|-
| [[British Broadcasting Company]]
| 
| United Kingdom
| 1922–1926
| Private commercial company made up of 26 stations by 1926. Nationalised to become the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] ([[BBC Radio]]) in 1927.
|-
| [[CNR Radio]]
| Canadian National Railway Radio Department
| Canada
| 1923–1933
| First national radio network in North America.<ref name=arch>[http://hermis.cd.gov.ab.ca/paa/Details.aspx?ObjectID=PR0101&dv=True&deptID=1 CNR Company Fonds] {{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Provincial Archives of Alberta. Retrieved 22 January 2008</ref> Developed by the [[Canadian National Railway]] to provide en route entertainment for train passengers but also available to anyone within signal range. Consisted of 27 stations (3 owned and operated and up to 24 "phantom stations" – time leased on affiliated radio stations.
|-
| [[Broadcasting Company of America#Network operations and the "WEAF chain"|WEAF chain]]
| [[Broadcasting Company of America]]
| Northeast and Midwest United States
| 1923–1926
| Regional network of [[American Telephone & Telegraph Company|AT&T]]-owned radio stations with [[New York City]] radio station [[WNBC (AM)|WEAF]] as its hub. Grew to 27 stations (WEAF and 26 affiliates) stretching from Boston to [[Kansas City]] by the end of 1925 under the name [[Broadcasting Company of America]], Sold to [[RCA]] in 1926 and merged with RCA's [[WABC (AM)#WJZ New York City (1923–1953)|WJZ chain]] to form the [[National Broadcasting Company]] (NBC)
|}

==See also==
*[[History of radio]]
*[[Timeline of radio]]
*[[History of broadcasting]]
*[[AM broadcasting]]
**[[List of initial AM-band station grants in the United States]]
**[[Extended AM broadcast band]]
*[[FM broadcasting]]
**[[FM broadcasting in the USA]]
**[[List of the initial commercial FM station assignments issued by the Federal Communications Commission on October 31, 1940]]
* {{annotated link|List of radios}}
*[[Oldest television station]]
*[[Time signal]]
* {{portal-inline|Radio}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Telecommunications}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oldest radio stations}}
[[Category:History of radio]]
[[Category:Lists of radio stations]]
[[Category:Timelines of mass media|Radio]]
[[Category:History-related lists of superlatives|Radio stations]]