View source for List of military occupations

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{{War}}
This article presents a list of [[military occupation]]s, both historic and contemporary, but only those that have taken place since the customary laws of belligerent military occupation were first clarified and supplemented by the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907|Hague Convention of 1907]].<ref name="Hague IV">{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/lawofwar/hague04.htm |title=Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); October 18, 1907 |via=The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School|access-date=June 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990225111007/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/lawofwar/hague04.htm |archive-date=1999-02-25}}</ref>

As currently understood in [[international law]], "military occupation" is the effective military control by a power of a territory outside of said power's recognized sovereign territory.<ref>{{cite book | last=Bracka | first=J. | title=Transitional Justice for Palestine: Truth-Telling and Empathy in Ongoing Conflict | publisher=Springer International Publishing AG | series=Springer series in transitional justice | year=2021 | isbn=978-3-030-89435-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWVXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|quote=Today, the widely accepted definition of occupation is 'the effective control of a power (be it one or more states or an international organization, such as the United Nations) over a territory to which that power has no sovereign title, without the volition of the sovereign of that territory'}}</ref> The occupying power in question may be an individual state or a supranational organization, such as the [[United Nations]].

== Ongoing occupations ==
[[File:Military Occupations.svg|center|600px|thumb|{{center|Military occupations in Europe, North Africa, and West Asia (for colouring correspondence, see below), as of 2024.}}]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:1%;" class=unsortable |
! Territory
! Since
! Occupied state/territory
! Occupying state
! Occupier's declared state/territory
! style="width:30%;" | Status
|-
| rowspan="5" style="background-color:#00aa00;" data-sort-value="Russia" |
| [[Transnistria]]
| 1992
| {{Flag|Moldova}}
| rowspan=5 | {{Country|Russia}}
| {{flag|Transnistria|state}}
| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power{{efn|Seized during the [[Transnistria War]]; administered as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, a state with [[List of states with limited recognition|limited international recognition]].}}
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| rowspan=2 | 2008
| rowspan=2 | {{Flag|Georgia}}
| {{Flag|Abkhazia}}
| rowspan=2 | Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/>{{efn|Seized during the [[Russo-Georgian War]]; administered as states with [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|limited international recognition]].}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Ossetia" | [[South Ossetia]]
| {{Flag|South Ossetia}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Crimea" | [[Crimea]]<ref name ="Bursens">{{cite book |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ejglDwAAQBAJ&q=occup++crimea&pg=PA170 | title = Complex Political Decision-Making: Leadership, Legitimacy and Communication |editor=Peter Bursens |editor2=Christ'l De Landtsheer |editor3=Luc Braeckmans |editor4=Barbara Segaert | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2016 | page = 170| isbn = 9781315453521 }}</ref><ref name ="Geiß">{{cite journal | url =https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1377&context=ils | title = Russia's Annexation of Crimea: The Mills of International Law Grind Slowly but They Do Grind | last=Geiß |first=Robin | journal = International Law Studies | volume = 91 | publisher = the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law | year = 2015|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
| 2014
| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Ukraine}}{{efn|name=Russo-Ukrainian War|See [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]] and [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].}}
| nowrap | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Federal subjects of Russia]]
* {{Flag|Republic of Crimea}}
* {{Flag|Sevastopol}}
| [[Russian occupation of Crimea|Occupied]] and [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed]] by a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/>
|-
| data-sort-value="Luhansk and Donetsk" | Significant parts of [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]], [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]], [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]], and [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]] Oblasts{{pb}}Negligible parts of [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]] and [[Mykolaiv Oblast|Mykolaiv]] Oblasts
|2014{{efn|The occupation of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts occurred in two stages. The south of Luhansk Oblast and the southeast of Donetsk Oblast were occupied by [[Russian people's militias in Ukraine|Russian-backed separatists]] from 2014 to 2022. Later, in 2022, the north of Luhansk Oblast (i.e. almost the entire oblast) and the southwest of Donetsk Oblast (e.g. [[Mariupol]]) came under Russian occupation. Parts of the northeast of Donetsk Oblast were also occupied, but areas such as [[Lyman, Ukraine|Lyman]] have been retaken by Ukraine as of October 2022.}}<br/>2022{{efn|Russia's occupation of Kherson Oblast (nearly the entire oblast) and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (only the southern portion) began in 2022. On the other hand, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts were initially partially occupied by [[Russian people's militias in Ukraine|Russian-backed separatists]] back in 2014. In 2022, larger areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts came under Russian occupation, and the Russian-backed separatists handed over absolute control to Russia, effectively designating the entire area as Russian-occupied (as opposed to separatists-occupied). In Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russia lacks control of the capital city, [[Zaporizhzhia]], but controls the second-biggest city, [[Melitopol]], which is acting as the ''de facto'' capital. Parts of the northwest of Kherson Oblast have been retaken by Ukraine as of October 2022.}}
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Federal subjects of Russia]]{{efn|See [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine]] and [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts]].}}
* {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}{{efn|See [[Russian occupation of Donetsk Oblast]].}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kherson Oblast (Russia).svg}} [[Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast|Kherson Oblast]]
* {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}}{{efn|See [[Russian occupation of Luhansk Oblast]].}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian administered Zaporizhzhia Oblast.svg}} [[Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia Oblast]]
----
*  [[Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv Oblast]]
* [[Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast|Mykolaiv Oblast]]
| Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia Oblasts:
* <u>DPR & LPR</u>: Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power (2014–2022)<ref name="DuvalKassoti" /><ref name="EPDGarmed" />
* <u>Four oblasts</u>: Occupied and annexed by a foreign power (2022){{Efn|As of November 2022, Russia does not control significant portions of [[Kherson Oblast]], [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]], and [[Donetsk Oblast]]. In particular, Russia does not control the capital cities of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts, namely [[Kherson]] and [[Zaporizhzhia]], respectively. Russia formerly controlled Kherson for over eight months throughout 2022 after capturing it in the [[Battle of Kherson]], although the city was eventually liberated by Ukraine following the successful [[2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive]] on 10–11 November 2022. Russia never managed to occupy the city of Zaporizhzhia at any point. Meanwhile, Russia has never managed to occupy a significant portion of Donetsk Oblast in the northwest, although Russia does control the capital city, [[Donetsk]]. As for [[Luhansk Oblast]], Russia controls nearly the entire oblast as of November 2022.}}
----
Kharkiv Oblast:
* Occupied by a foreign power; territory mostly recaptured by Ukraine
----
Mykolaiv Oblast:
* Occupied and partially annexed by a foreign power; territory mostly recaptured by Ukraine
|-
| rowspan=6 style="background-color:#0066ff;" data-sort-value="Israel" |
| Parts of [[Southern Lebanon]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-hezbollah-lebanon-iran-ceasefire-beirut-41d19e05cebf73a66dc320ccad047d4d|title=Israeli troops reach deepest point in Lebanon since Oct. 1 invasion, Lebanese media say|date=16 November 2024|publisher=AP}}</ref>
| [[2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon|2024]]
| {{country|Lebanon}}
| rowspan=6 | {{Flag|Israel}}
| {{n/a}}
| Occupied by a foreign power
|-
| data-sort-value="Jerusalem" | [[East Jerusalem]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11709617 |title=Israel plans 1,300 East Jerusalem Jewish settler homes |work=BBC News|date=9 November 2010|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf|title=Chapter 12: The status of Jerusalem |work=The Question of Palestine & the United Nations|publisher=United Nations Department of Public Information|type=Brochure |date=March 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030902113931/https://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf |archive-date=2003-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538791.stm |title= Israeli authorities back 600 new East Jerusalem homes |work=BBC News|date=26 February 2010|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819003928/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument |archive-date=2013-08-19|title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 298 (1971) of 25 September 1971}}</ref>
| rowspan=4 | 1967
| rowspan=3 | [[Palestinian territories]];<br />{{Flag|Palestine}} {{small|(since [[Palestinian Declaration of Independence|1988 declaration]])}}{{efn|name=Palestine|The [[West Bank]] (including [[East Jerusalem]]) was occupied by [[Jordan]]<ref>See also: [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank]]</ref> and the [[Gaza Strip]] was occupied by [[Egypt]]<ref>See also: [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic|Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip]]</ref> from 1948 to 1967, and have been occupied by [[Israel]] since 1967.<ref name="BBC 2015">{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29362505 | title=Palestinian territories - Timeline |work=BBC News | date=8 July 2015 | access-date=November 30, 2015}}</ref> The [[State of Palestine]], which claims these territories, was not founded until 1988 (see [[Palestinian Declaration of Independence]]). The State of Palestine is, as of November 2015, recognised by 136 countries and is also a [[United Nations General Assembly observers#Non-member observers|United Nations non-member observer]].<ref name="UNNEWS2015">{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52631 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126233436/https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52631 | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 November 2015 | title=Amid violence, 'glaring lack of hope,' UN deputy chief urges action to break Israeli-Palestinian impasse | publisher=UN News | date=23 November 2015 | access-date=November 30, 2015}}</ref>}}
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} Part of the [[Jerusalem District]] {{small|([[Jerusalem Law|effectively annexed in 1980]])}}
| [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Occupied and annexed by a foreign power]]<ref name=DuvalKassoti>{{cite book | last1=Duval | first1=A. | last2=Kassoti | first2=E. | title=The Legality of Economic Activities in Occupied Territories: International, EU Law and Business and Human Rights Perspectives | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Research in International Economic Law | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-000-08873-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z57qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 | quote=In the West Bank, Israel pays lip service to the notion of a temporary occupation that is to be brought to an end by negotiation but in practice it has de facto annexed large portions of the territory under the pretext of security – as evidenced by the Wall in Palestinian territory – or by the settling of some 400,000 of its own citizens in the territory. In most cases today, however, the occupying power has formally annexed the territory in question. This is illustrated by the cases of Israel's annexations of East Jerusalem and the Golan, Morocco's annexation of Western Sahara and Russia's annexation of the Crimea. Alternatively, the occupying power has established a puppet regime that claims to be the TRNC, Abkhazia and South Ossetia.}}</ref><ref name=EPDGannex>{{harvnb|Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|2015|p=14}}: "An occupied territory may also be illegally annexed [...] Annexation means that the territory is incorporated into another state and is being regarded by that state as a part of its territory. Among contemporary examples, one finds the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, Western Sahara and Crimea. Under current international law, annexation can only be carried out after a peace treaty, and preferably after a referendum. Annexations which do not correspond to this requirement – like those just mentioned – are illegal."</ref>{{efn|Seized during the [[Six-Day War]] from [[Jordan]]; effectively annexed in 1980 via the [[Jerusalem Law]].}}
|-
| [[West Bank]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf|title=Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory|type=Advisory opinion |series=Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders |publisher=International Court of Justice|date=2004|isbn=92-1-070993-4 |access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Judea and Samaria Area]]
| rowspan="2" | Occupied by a foreign power,<ref name="EPDGocc">{{harvnb|Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|2015|p=14}}: "Territory over which a foreign power has taken control is occupied. [...] An occupation is supposed to be a temporary status, but current reality shows that territory may be occupied for decades; the West Bank and Gaza have been occupied for 48 years."</ref>{{efn|The West Bank was seized during the [[Six-Day War]] from [[Jordan]], and is administered by the [[Israeli Civil Administration]]. The [[Oslo II Accord]], officially signed on 28 September 1995, divided the West Bank into the [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] administered by Israel and the [[Palestinian enclaves|Area A and B]] administered by the [[Palestinian National Authority]].<br /><br />The Gaza Strip was seized during the [[Six-Day War]] from [[Egypt]]. In 2005, Israel [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza|disengaged its military forces from the strip]] and no longer considers itself to be occupying the territory. Gaza's border crossings with Israel and maritime and air space are controlled by Israel. As of 2012, the United Nations "continue to refer to the Gaza Strip as part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory until such time as either the General Assembly or the Security Council take a different view."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/db120119.doc.htm|title=Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General|publisher=United Nations|date=19 January 2012|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>}} with ''de facto'' partial annexation in the West Bank<ref name=DuvalKassoti/>
|-
| [[Gaza Strip]]{{efn|Still considered occupied despite the 2005 [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza]].<ref name=occ>
* {{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429 |page=429 |first=Andrew |last=Sanger |chapter=The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla |title=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010 |volume=13 |editor=M.N. Schmitt |editor2=Louise Arimatsu |editor3=Tim McCormack |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |date=2011 |isbn=978-90-6704-811-8 |quote=Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a Stale nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border. and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will.<br />Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry.<br />It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied. |doi=10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14}}
* {{cite book |title=International Law and the Classification of Conflicts |editor=Elizabeth Wilmshurst |first=Iain |last=Scobbie |author-link=Iain Scobbie |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-965775-9 |page=295 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295 |quote=Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.}}
* {{cite book |title=Prefiguring Peace: Israeli–Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships |first=Michelle |last= Gawerc |publisher=Lexington Books |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-7391-6610-9 |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44 |quote=While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, Israel still controlled all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity, sewage, communication networks, and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). ln other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement, Palestinians—as well as many human right organizations and international bodies—argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.}}</ref> The system of control imposed by Israel has been described as an "indirect occupation".<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jerome|last=Slater|url=https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3702_Slater.pdf|title=Just War Moral Philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli Campaign in Gaza|journal=International Security|volume=37|number=2|pages=44–80|date=October 2012|doi=10.1162/ISEC_a_00098|s2cid=57565733|access-date=2019-10-11|archive-date=2019-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024142223/https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3702_Slater.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some other legal scholars have disputed the idea that Israel still occupies Gaza.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Samson |first1=Elizabeth |date=2010 |title=Is Gaza Occupied?: Redefining the Status of Gaza Under International Law |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r29313.pdf |journal=American University International Law Review |volume=25 |issue=915 |pages=915-967 |access-date=6 December 2024 |quote=Although the United Nations still maintains that Gaza is occupied, under both the literal and interpreted applications of the definition of occupation—characterized by what is termed “effective control”—Gaza is not occupied territory pursuant to the standards set forth in international law and doctrine.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Abraham |last2=Kontorovich |first2=Eugene |date=8 March 2016 |title=Palestine, Uti Possidetis Juris and the Borders of Israel |url=https://arizonalawreview.org/pdf/58-3/58arizlrev633.pdf |journal=Arizona Law Review |volume=58 |pages=633-692 |access-date=6 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/186/186-20240719-adv-01-02-en.pdf |title=Dissenting opinion of Vice-President Sebutinde | last=Sebutinde |first=Julia |date=19 July 2024 |publisher=UN International Court of Justice |access-date=6 December 2024 | quote=The Court has misapplied the law of belligerent occupation and has adopted presumptions implicit in the question of the General Assembly without a prior critical analysis of relevant issues, including the application of the principle of ''uti possidetis juris'' to the territory of the former British Mandate, the question of Israel’s borders and its competing sovereignty claims, the nature of the Palestinian right of self-determination and its relationship to Israel’s own rights and security concerns.}}</ref>}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Golan Heights]]<ref name=occupiedSyrian>
* "The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect." {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqIv03qWPc0C&q=%22The+international+community+maintains+that+the+Israeli+decision+to+impose+its+laws%2C+jurisdiction+and+administration+in+the+occupied+Syrian+Golan+is+null+and+void+and+without+international+legal+effect.%22 |title=The Situation of Workers of the Occupied Arab Territories |author=International Labour Office|place=Geneva |publisher=International Labour Office |year=2009 |isbn=978-92-2-120630-9 |page=23}}
* In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. ({{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10794.doc.htm |title=General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees |publisher=United Nations |date=5 December 2008}})
* "[...] the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab–Israeli war." Also, "[...] the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967". ({{cite web|last=Prados|first=Alfred B. |url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/62681.pdf |title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues|publisher=Congressional Research Service|pages=3, 4|date=19 January 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323113431/https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/62681.pdf|archive-date=2006-03-23}})</ref><ref name=InternationalCommunityOccupiedTerritory>Occupied territory:
* "[...] Israeli-occupied Golan Heights [...]" ({{cite book|author=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://archive.org/details/ciaworldfactbook0000unit |quote=OCCUPIED GOLAN. |title=CIA World Factbook 2010 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|year=2009 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ciaworldfactbook0000unit/page/339 339] |isbn=978-1-60239-727-9}})
* "[...] the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal [...]" ({{cite web|last=Mark|first=Clyde R. |url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf |title=CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations |publisher=Congressional Research Service |date=5 April 2002|page=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030424042458/https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/9570.pdf|archive-date=2003-04-24|url-status=dead}})
* "[...] Occupied Golan Heights." ({{cite web|url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travelling-and-living-overseas/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied |title=Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories travel advice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811045929/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/middle-east-north-africa/israel-occupied |archive-date=11 August 2010 |url-status=dead|publisher=UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office|date=5 August 2010}})
* "In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory [...]" ({{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/israel-golan-311207.htm|title=ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007|publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross|date=24 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113065232/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/israel-golan-311207.htm|archive-date=2011-11-13|url-status=dead}})</ref><ref name=KORMAN>{{cite book| last=Korman|first=Sharon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueDO1dJyjrUC&q=The+right+of+conquest+golan+heights&pg=PA261 |title=The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|page=265|isbn=0-19-828007-6|quote=The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, on a self-defence basis. Israel, on this view, would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character—such as perpetual demilitarization, or the emplacement of a United Nations force—which would ensure, or tend to ensure, that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions. But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies, or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been universally rejected by the international community—no less by the United States than by any other state.}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | {{Country|Syria}}
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} Part of the [[Northern District (Israel)|Northern District]]  {{small|([[Golan Heights Law|effectively annexed in 1981]])}}
| Occupied and annexed by a foreign power.<ref name=DuvalKassoti/><ref name=EPDGannex/>{{efn|Seized during the [[Six-Day War]]; effectively annexed in 1981 via the [[Golan Heights Law]]. [[Lebanon]] also claims the [[Shebaa farms]] and sees the territory as being under Israeli occupation.}} Recognized by only the United States as part of Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFW1N1ZU01G |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325162706/https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFW1N1ZU01G |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 March 2019 |title=Trump signs decree recognizing Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights|work=Reuters|date=25 March 2019|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
|-
| Parts of [[Southern Syria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/10/barrage-of-israeli-attacks-destroys-important-military-sites-in-syria|title=Israel says it will impose ‘sterile’ zone in southern Syria|date= 10 December 2024|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
| [[2024 Israeli invasion of Syria|2024]]
| {{n/a}}
| Occupied by a foreign power
|-
|style="background-color:#808000;" data-sort-value="United States" |
| data-sort-value="Al-Tanf" | [[Al-Tanf (U.S. military base)|Al-Tanf]]<ref name=eastsyr>{{cite news |title=Syria vows to fight against 'occupiers' US, Turkey, Israel |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200520-syria-vows-to-fight-against-occupiers-us-turkey-israel/ |access-date=28 May 2020 |publisher=Middle East Monitor |date=20 May 2020}}</ref>
| 2015
| {{Country|United States}}
|{{n/a}}
| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name=eastsyr/>{{efn|See [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War]].}}
|-
| rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ff2a2a;" data-sort-value="Turkey" |
| data-sort-value="Aleppo" | [[Azaz District|Azaz]], [[al-Bab District|al-Bab]] and [[Jarabulus District]]s<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/skirmishes-mar-fight-against-islamic-state-in-northern-syia/3747121.html|title=Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|last=Kajjo|first=Sirwan |date=2 March 2017|quote=Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government," Heras said.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-aleppo-syria-defeated-fighters-leave-crucifixion-stands-scorched-earth-robert-fisk-a7656736.html|title=In northern Syria, defeated Isis fighters leave behind only scorched earth, trenches – and a crucifixion stand|work=[[The Independent]]|last=Fisk|first=Robert |author-link=Robert Fisk|date=29 March 2017|quote=You can't mistake the front line between the Syrian army and Turkey's occupation force east of Aleppo.}}</ref>
| [[Operation Euphrates Shield|2016]]
| rowspan="4" | {{Country|Turkey}}
| rowspan="3" nowrap="" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} [[Syrian Interim Government]]
| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power{{efn|See [[Turkish military intervention in Syria (August 2016 – March 2017)|Turkish military intervention in Syria]] and [[Syrian Civil War]].}}
|-
| [[Afrin District]]
| [[Operation Olive Branch|2018]]
| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name="afrin">{{cite news |title=Afrin's Syrian Kurds Continue to Pay Price of Turkey's Occupation |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/09/15/syrian-kurds-afrin/ |work=The Defense Post |date=15 September 2021}}</ref>{{efn|See [[Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war]] and [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)]].}}
|-
| [[Tell Abyad District|Tell Abyad]] and [[Ras al-Ayn District]]s
| [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|2019]]
| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power{{efn|See [[Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war]] and [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)]].}}
|-
| data-sort-value="Cyprus" | [[Northern Cyprus]]<ref>UN Security Council resolutions 353, 357, 358, 359, 360, and 365.</ref>
| 1974
| {{Flag|Cyprus}}
| nowrap | {{Flag|Northern Cyprus}}
| Occupied by an armed group under the influence of a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/><ref name=EPDGarmed>{{harvnb|Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|2015|p=15}}: "Territory may further be controlled by an armed group. This could be a rebel group which wants to take over control of the government of the state in question or it could be a group that wants to secede from the state and form a new state or have the territory transferred to another state. [...] There is no term in international law for such territory. [...] In some cases, the armed group in power in such a territory may be under the control of or under the influence of a foreign power. As has been held by the European Court of Human Rights, Turkey is legally responsible for human rights violations committed in the non-recognised 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' (TRNC). It is possible that the situation is similar in the self-proclaimed peoples' republics in Donetsk and Lugansk."</ref>{{efn|Seized during the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]]; administered as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a state with [[List of states with limited recognition|limited international recognition]]}}
|-
| style="background-color:#8d2aff;" data-sort-value="Armenia" |
| [[Sofulu, Qazax|Sofulu]], [[Barxudarlı]] and [[Karki, Azerbaijan|Karki]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/armenian-azerbaijani-disputes-beyond-karabakh/|title=Armenian-Azerbaijani Disputes Beyond Karabakh|date=August 9, 2017|publisher=[[University of Southern California]]|access-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | 1992
| {{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
| {{Flag|Armenia}}
| {{flagicon|Armenia}} Part of the [[Tavush Province|Tavush]] and [[Ararat Province|Ararat]] Provinces
| rowspan="2" | Occupied and ''de facto'' annexed by a foreign power
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#000000;" data-sort-value="Azerbaijan" |
| [[Artsvashen]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4d5a1b06c.html|title=Cold Comfort for Displaced Armenian Villagers|author=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]]|website=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|Refworld]]|date=February 12, 2011|access-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Armenia}}
| rowspan="2" | {{nowrap|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}}}
| {{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} Part of the [[Gadabay Rayon]]
|-
|Portions of [[Syunik Province|Syunik]], [[Vayots Dzor Province|Vayots Dzor]], and [[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]] Provinces
|2021{{efn|[[Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)#May 2021|May]] and [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)#November 2021|November]] 2021}}<br/>2022{{efn|[[September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes|September 2022]]}}
|{{n/a}}
| Occupied by a foreign power
|-
| style="background-color:#ff8b00;" data-sort-value="Morocco" |
| Majority of [[Western Sahara]]<ref name="RULAC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-western-sahara-by-morocco |title=Military occupation of Western Sahara by Morocco|website=Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts|publisher=Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights|access-date=2019-10-11}}</ref>
| 1975
| {{Flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} {{small|(declared in 1976)}}
| {{Flag|Morocco}}
| {{nowrap|{{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Southern Provinces]]}}<br />{{small|([[Annexation of Western Sahara|annexed between 1976-79]])}}
| Occupied and annexed by a foreign power<ref name=DuvalKassoti/><ref name=EPDGannex/>{{efn|Seized during the [[Western Sahara War]]; ''de facto'' annexed; administered as the [[Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara|Southern Provinces]]; claimed by the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]], a state with [[List of states with limited recognition|limited international recognition]].}}
|-
|}

== Historical occupations ==
Events before the [[Hague Convention of 1907]] are out of scope.

=== 1907–1919 (miscellaneous) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| [[Korea]]
| {{Sort|05|1905–1910}}
| {{Country|Korean Empire|name=Korea}}
| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905]]
| [[Russo-Japanese War|Aftermath of Russo-Japanese War]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Cuba]]
| 1906–1909
| {{Country|Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|name=Cuba}}
| {{Country|United States|1896}}
| [[Provisional Government of Cuba|Second occupation of Cuba]]
|[[Banana Wars]]
|No
|-
| [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Libya]]
| {{Sort|01|1911–1912}}
| {{Country|Ottoman Empire}}
| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
|[[Italo-Turkish War|Invasion of Libya]]
|[[Italo-Turkish War]]
|'''Yes'''
|-
| [[Albania]]
| {{Sort|01|1912–1913}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_1.html|archive-date=2012-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504110038/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_1.html|title=1913 I Leo Freundlich: Albania's Golgotha: Indictment of the Exterminators of the Albanian People|translator-last=Elsie|translator-first=Robert |translator-link=Robert Elsie|website=Texts and Documents of Albanian History }}</ref>
| {{Country|Albania|1914}}
| {{Country|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}
|[[Serbian occupation of Albania|Occupation of Albania]]
| [[Balkan Wars]]
| rowspan="3" |No
|-
| [[Nicaragua]]
| {{Sort|21|1912–1933}}
| {{Country|Nicaragua|1908}}
| rowspan="2" | {{Country|United States|1912}}
| [[United States occupation of Nicaragua|Occupation of Nicaragua]]
|[[Banana Wars]]
|-
| [[Veracruz]]
| {{Sort|0|1914}}
| {{Country|Mexico|1893}}
| [[United States occupation of Veracruz|Occupation of Veracruz]]
|[[Mexican Revolution]]
|-
|}

=== World War I and immediate aftermath ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| [[Principality of Albania|Albania]]
| 1916–1918<ref name="militärverwaltung" />
| {{Country|Principality of Albania|name=Albania}}
| {{nobr|{{Country|Austria-Hungary}}}}
| [[Albania during World War I|Occupation of Albania]]
| rowspan="15" |[[World War I]]
| rowspan="3" |No
|-
| [[Eastern Galicia]]
| 1914–1915
| {{nobr|{{Country|Austria-Hungary}}}}
| {{Country|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
|[[Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia, 1914–15|Occupation of Eastern Galicia]]
|-
| [[Belgium]]
| 1914–1918
| {{Country|Belgium}}
| rowspan="4" | {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
|[[German occupation of Belgium during World War I|Occupation of Belgium]]
|-
|[[Kelmis]]
|1914-1915
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Moresnet.svg}} [[Neutral Moresnet]]
|[[German capture of Moresnet]]
|'''Yes'''
|-
| Northeastern [[French Third Republic|France]]
| rowspan="3" | 1914–1918
| {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
| [[German occupation of north-east France during World War I|Invasion of Northeastern France]]
| rowspan="4" |No
|-
| [[Luxembourg]]
| {{nobr|{{Country|Luxembourg}}}}
|[[German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I|Occupation of Luxembourg]]
|-
| [[Congress Poland]]
|rowspan="2"|{{Country|Russian Empire|name=Russia}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
* {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
}}
|[[Eastern Front (World War I)|Invasion of Russian Poland]]
|-
| Parts of the [[Baltic governorates]] and [[Vilna Governorate-General]]
| 1914–1919
| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
|[[Ober Ost|Invasion of Baltic Russia]]
|-
| [[German South West Africa]]
| 1914–1915
| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
| {{Country|Union of South Africa|name=South Africa|1912}}
| [[South West Africa campaign]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Military General Governorate of Serbia|Governorate of Serbia]]
| rowspan="4" | 1915–1918
|rowspan="4"|{{Country|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
}}
|[[Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia|Occupation of Serbia]]
| rowspan="3" |No
|-
| [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]]
| {{Country|German Empire|name=Germany}}
|[[Serbian Campaign|Invasion of Serbia]]
|-
| [[Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)#Occupation zones|Eastern Serbia]]
| rowspan="3" | {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
|[[Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)|Occupation of Eastern Serbia]]
|-
| [[Serbian Macedonia]]
|[[Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)|Occupation of Serbian Macedonia]]
|'''Yes'''
|-
| [[Principality of Albania|Albania]]
| 1915–1917<ref name="militärverwaltung">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLmiAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Milit%C3%A4rverwaltung+in+Albanien%22 | title=Die Militärverwaltung in den von den österreichisch-ungarischen Truppen besetzten Gebieten, Nide 4 |last1=Kerchnawe|first1=Hugo |last2=Mitzka|first2=Rudolf |last3=Sobotka|first3=Felix |last4=Leidl|first4=Hermann |last5=Krauss |first5=Alfred |year=1928 |publisher=Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky A.G.|language=de}}</ref>
| {{Country|Principality of Albania|name=Albania}}
| [[Bulgarian occupation of Albania|Occupation of Albania]]
| rowspan="10" |No
|-
| [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]]
| 1916–1918
| {{Country|Kingdom of Montenegro|name=Montenegro}}
| {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
| [[Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro|Occupation of Montenegro]]
|-
| [[Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)|Haiti]]
| 1915–1934
| {{Country|Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)|name=Haiti}}
|rowspan="3"| {{Country|United States}}
| [[United States occupation of Haiti|Occupation of Haiti]]
|rowspan=3|[[Banana Wars]]
|-
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| 1916–1924
| {{Country|Dominican Republic}}
| [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)|Occupation of the Dominican Republic]]
|-
| [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Cuba]]
| 1917–1922
| {{Country|Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|name=Cuba}}
| [[Sugar Intervention]]
|-
| [[Northeast Italy]]
| 1917–1918
| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| {{Country|Austria-Hungary}}
| [[Italian front (World War I)|Invasion of Northeastern Italy]]
| [[World War I]]
|-
| {{plainlist|* Parts of the [[Russian Far East]],
* [[Caucasus]],
* Parts of [[Far North (Russia)|Northern Russia]]}}
| {{nobr|1918–1925{{efn|Most of the Allies had withdrawn by 1920, Japan continued to occupy Northern [[Sakhalin]] until 1925.}}}}
| {{nobr|{{Country|Russian SFSR|1918}}<hr>{{Country|Soviet Union|1924}}}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}}}}
* {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
* {{Country|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece|state}}
* {{Country|United States|1912}}
* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
* {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912}} [[Beiyang Government|China]]
}}
| [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]]
| [[Russian Civil War]]
|-
| [[Constantinople]]
| 1918–1923
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Ottoman Empire}}
| | {{plainlist|
* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
* {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
}}
| [[Occupation of Constantinople]]
| rowspan="12" | [[Aftermath of World War I]]
|-
| [[Smyrna]]
| 1919–1922
| {{Country|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece|state}}
| [[Occupation of Smyrna]]
|-
| [[Rhineland]]
| 1918–1930
| {{Flagcountry|Weimar Republic}}
| {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}{{Clear}}{{flag|United Kingdom}}{{Clear}}{{flag|Belgium}}{{Clear}}{{flag|United States|1912}}{{Clear}}
{{Flag|Siam|1918}}
| [[Occupation of the Rhineland]]
|-
| [[Eastern Galicia]]
| rowspan="2" | 1918–1919
| {{flag|West Ukrainian People's Republic}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|1918}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Polish–Ukrainian War]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Volhynian Governorate|Volhynia]]
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Ukrainian People's Republic}}
| '''Partial'''
|-
| [[Ukraine]]
| 1918–1920
| {{Country|Russian SFSR|1918}}
| [[Ukrainian–Soviet War]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
|[[Dalmatia]]
|1918–
1921
|{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|name=Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes}}
|{{plainlist|
* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
* {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|United States}}
}}

|[[Allied occupation of the eastern Adriatic|Allied occupation of eastern Adriatic]]
|Partial
|-
|[[Transylvania]], part of [[Banat]], part of [[Transcarpathia|Carpathian Ruthenia]], [[Tiszántúl]], [[Danube–Tisza Interfluve]], [[Budapest]], Northwest [[Transdanubia]]
| rowspan="3" |1918–1920
| rowspan="4" |{{plainlist|
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hungary}}
* {{flag|First Hungarian Republic}}
* {{flag|Hungarian Soviet Republic}}
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Hungarian Republic}}
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Kingdom of Hungary}}
}}

|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)]]
| rowspan="2" |'''Partial'''
|-
|[[Slovakia]], [[Transcarpathia|Carpathian Ruthenia]], part of [[North Hungarian Mountains|Northeast Hungary]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Térképek |url=https://tti.abtk.hu/terkepek?start=60 |access-date=2025-02-17 |website=Történettudományi Intézet |language=hu-hu}}</ref>
inc. [[Sátoraljaújhely]] (to 1920)
|{{flagcountry|First Czechoslovak Republic|1918}}
|-
|part of [[Banat]], [[Szeged]]
|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}}
|'''No'''
|-
|[[Prekmurje]], [[Međimurje County|Međimurje]], [[Vojvodina|Voivodina]], part of [[Banat]], [[Baranya County (former)|Baranya]], [[Bačka|Bácska]]
|1918–1921
|{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|name=Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes}}
| rowspan="2" |'''Partial'''
|-
|[[Tyrol]]
|1918–1920
|{{Country|Republic of German-Austria|name=German-Austria}}
{{Country|First Austrian Republic|name=Austria}}
|{{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
|
|}

=== 1920–1946 (miscellaneous) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Transcaucasia]]
| 1920
| {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan|1918}} [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan]]
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Russian SFSR|1918|name=Russia}}
| [[Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan|Invasion of Azerbaijan]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Russian Civil War]]
| rowspan="2" | '''Yes'''
|-
| 1921
| {{Country|Democratic Republic of Georgia|name=Georgia}}
| [[Red Army invasion of Georgia|Invasion of Georgia]]
|-
| [[Ruhr]]
| 1923–1924
| {{Country|Weimar Republic|name=Germany}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Belgium}}
* {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
}}
| [[Occupation of the Ruhr]]
| [[Aftermath of World War I]]
| rowspan="3" | No
|-
| [[Manchuria]] / [[Manchukuo]]
| 1931–1945
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Republic of China (1912–49)|name=China}}
| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|Invasion of Manchuria]]
| [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
|-
| [[Xinjiang]]
| 1934
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1924}}
| [[Soviet invasion of Xinjiang|Invasion of Xinjiang]]
| [[Kumul Rebellion]]
|-
|}

=== World War II: build up and immediate aftermath ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]]
| 1935–1941
| {{Country|Ethiopian Empire|name=Ethiopia}}
| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
| [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War#Italian occupation|Invasion of Ethiopia]]
|[[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]]
|'''Yes'''
|-
| [[Second Sino-Japanese War#1937: Full-scale invasion of China|Parts of China]]
| rowspan="2" | 1937–1945
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Republic of China (1912–49)|name=China}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
| rowspan=2 | [[World War II]]
| rowspan="2" | No
|-
| [[Shanghai#Japanese invasion|Shanghai]]
|-
| [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]]
| rowspan="2" | 1938
| {{nobr|{{Country|Federal State of Austria|name=Austria}}}}
| rowspan=4 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[Anschluss]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Events preceding World War II in Europe]]
| rowspan="2" | '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Sudetenland]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glassheim |first=Eagle |date=2006 |title=Ethnic Cleansing, Communism, and Environmental Devastation in Czechoslovakia's Borderlands, 1945–1989 |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/499795 |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=78 |issue=1|pages=65–92 |doi=10.1086/499795 |s2cid=142647561 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| rowspan=2| {{nobr|{{Country|Czechoslovakia}}}}
| [[Munich Agreement]]
|-
| [[Bohemia and Moravia]]
| rowspan="4" | 1939–1945
| [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia|Occupation of Czechoslovakia]]
| No
|-
| [[Memel Territory]]
| {{Country|Lithuania}}
| [[1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania|Occupation of Memel]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Albania]]
| {{Country|Albania|1928}}
| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
| [[Italian invasion of Albania|Invasion of Albania]]
|No
|-
| [[Poland]]
|rowspan="2"| {{Flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|1928}}
| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|Invasion of Poland]]
|rowspan=62"| [[World War II]]
|'''Partial'''
|-
| [[Kresy|Eastern]] [[Poland]]
| 1939–1941
| rowspan="2"|{{nobr|{{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}}}
| [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|Annexation of Polish territories]]
|'''Partial'''
|-
| Parts of [[Finland]]
| 1939–1940
| {{Country|Finland}}
| [[Winter War]]
|'''Partial'''
|-
| [[British Somaliland]]
| 1940–1941
| {{Country|United Kingdom}}
| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
| [[Italian invasion of British Somaliland]]
|'''Yes'''
|-
| [[Belgium]]
| rowspan="4" | 1940–1945
| {{Country|Belgium}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[Battle of Belgium|Invasion of Belgium]]
| rowspan="10" | No
|-
| [[Denmark]]
|rowspan=3 | {{Country|Denmark}}
| [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|Invasion of Denmark]]
|-
| [[Faroe Islands]]
| {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom}}}}
| [[British occupation of the Faroe Islands|Occupation of the Faroe Islands]]
|-
| [[Greenland]]
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
}}
| [[Greenland in World War II]]
|-
| [[Hanko Naval Base|Hankoniemi]]
| 1940–1941
| {{Country|Finland}}
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| [[Winter War]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Iceland]]{{efn|name=Iceland WW2|On 17 June 1944, [[Icelandic republic referendum, 1944|Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy]] and [[Founding of the Republic of Iceland|declared itself a republic]].}}
| rowspan=2 | 1940–1945
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Kingdom of Iceland}}
| {{Country|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan=2 | [[Occupation of Iceland]]
|-
| {{Country|United States}}{{efn|name=Iceland USA|On 7 July 1941, the defence of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the [[United States]].}}
|-
| [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Northern France]]{{efn|[[de facto]] [[Vichy France]]}}{{efn|Occupied the rest of France from 1942}}
| 1940–1944
| rowspan=3 | {{Country|French Third Republic|name=France}}
| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[Battle of France|Invasion of Northern France]]
|-
| [[Italian occupation of France during World War II|Southeastern France]]{{efn|[[de facto]] [[Vichy France]]}}
| 1940–1943
| {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
| [[Italian invasion of France]]
|-
| [[French Indochina in World War II|Vietnam]]
| 1940–1945
| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[Japanese invasion of French Indochina|Invasion of French Indochina]]
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Baltic states]]
| rowspan=3 | 1940–1941{{efn|name=USSD|On March 26, 1949, the US department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.<ref name="Feldbrugge 1985 461">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7gBESqTciYC&pg=PA461 | title=Encyclopedia of Soviet Law | publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht | editor-last1=Feldbrugge|editor-first1=F. J. M. |editor-last2=Van den Berg|editor-first2=G. P.|editor-last3=Simons|editor-first3=William B. | year=1985 | pages=461 |edition=2nd revised | isbn=90-247-3075-9}}</ref>}}{{efn|name=Welles|From the [[Welles Declaration]] of July 23, 1940, "that we would not recognise the occupation, the United States acted with a consistency and a tenacity of which we can all be proud. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognised in deed or word or symbol the illegal occupation of their lands."<ref name="U.S.-Baltic Relations">{{cite press release|url=http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf |title=U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=June 14, 2007 |access-date=June 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819185542/http://merln.ndu.edu/archivepdf/EUR/State/86539.pdf |archive-date=August 19, 2012 }}</ref>}}
| {{Country|Estonia}}
| rowspan=3 | {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)|Soviet occupation of the Baltic states]]
| rowspan=3 | '''Yes'''
|-
| {{Country|Latvia}}
|-
| {{Country|Lithuania}}
|-
| [[Luxembourg]]
| rowspan="3" | 1940–1945
| {{Country|Luxembourg}}
| rowspan=3 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II|Occupation of Luxembourg]]
| rowspan="3" |No
|-
| [[Netherlands in World War II|Netherlands]]
| {{Country|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}
| [[Battle of the Netherlands|Invasion of the Netherlands]]
|-
| [[Norway]]
| {{Country|Norway}}
| [[German occupation of Norway|Invasion of Norway]]
|-
| [[Bessarabia]], [[Northern Bukovina]] and the [[Hertsa region]]
|1940
| {{Country|Kingdom of Romania|name=Romania}}
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|Occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina]]
|'''Yes'''
|-
| [[Channel Islands]]
| 1940–1945
| {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom}}}}
| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[German occupation of the Channel Islands|Occupation of the Channel Islands]]
| rowspan="31" |No
|-
| [[Cambodia]]
| 1941–1945
| {{Country|France|1830}}
| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[Japanese occupation of Cambodia|Invasion of Cambodia]]
|-
| [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]
| 1941–1944
| {{Country|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece|state}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
* {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
* {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
}}
| [[Axis occupation of Greece|Occupation of Greece]]
|-
| [[Iran]]
| 1941–1946
| {{Country|Iran|1925}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
}}
| [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]
|-
| [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussia]]
| rowspan="7" | 1941–1944
| rowspan=5 | {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| rowspan=4 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[German occupation of Byelorussia during World War II|Occupation of Byelorussia]]
|-
| [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]]
| [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine|Occupation of Ukraine]]
|-
| [[Baltic states]]
| Occupation of [[German occupation of Estonia during World War II|Estonia]], [[German occupation of Latvia during World War II|Latvia]] and [[German occupation of Lithuania during World War II|Lithuania]] (''de jure'' independent, ''de facto'' under Soviet rule)
|-
| Parts of [[European Russia]]
| [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]
|-
| [[Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia|Eastern Karelia]]
| {{Country|Finland}}
| [[Continuation War]]
|-
| [[Guam]]
| {{Country|United States}}
| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[Japanese occupation of Guam|Occupation of Guam]]
|-
| [[Transnistria Governorate|Transnistria]]
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| {{Country|Kingdom of Romania|name=Romania}}
| [[Operation Barbarossa]]
|-
| [[Borneo]]
| rowspan="4" | 1941–1945
| rowspan=3 | {{Country|United Kingdom}}
| rowspan=3 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[Japanese occupation of British Borneo|Occupation of British Borneo]]
|-
| [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
| [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|Occupation of Hong Kong]]
|-
| [[British Malaya|Malaya]]
| [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Occupation of Malaya]]
|-
| [[Yugoslavia]]
| {{Country|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|name=Yugoslavia}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
* {{Country|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Hungary}}
* {{Country|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy}}
* {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
* {{Country|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}}
}}
| [[World War II in Yugoslavia|Military operations in the territory of Yugoslavia]]
|-
| [[New Caledonia]]
| rowspan="9" | 1942–1945
| {{Country|France|1830}}
| {{Country|United States}}
| [[Naval Base Noumea|New Caledonia during WWII]]
|-
| [[Territory of New Guinea|New Guinea]]
| {{Country|Australia}}
| rowspan=10 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| [[New Guinea campaign]]
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Australia}}
* {{Country|Dominion of New Zealand|name=New Zealand}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
}}
| [[Japanese occupation of Nauru|Occupation of Nauru]]
|-
| [[Andaman Islands]]
| {{Country|British Raj}}
| [[Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands|Occupation of the Andaman Islands]]
|-
| [[Dutch East Indies]]
| {{Country|Netherlands}}
| [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Occupation of Dutch East Indies]]
|-
| [[Philippines]]
| {{Country|Commonwealth of the Philippines|name=Philippines}}
| [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines|Occupation of the Philippines]]
|-
| [[Portuguese Timor]]
| {{Country|Estado Novo (Portugal)|name=Portugal}}
| [[Battle of Timor]]
|-
| [[Burma (Myanmar)]]
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|United Kingdom}}
| [[Japanese occupation of Burma|Occupation of Burma]]
|-
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Japanese occupation of Singapore|Occupation of Singapore]]
|-
| [[Kiska]]
| rowspan="2" | 1942–1943
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|United States}}
| [[Japanese occupation of Kiska|Occupation of Kiska]]
|-
| [[Attu Island|Attu]]
| [[Japanese occupation of Attu|Occupation of Attu]]
|-
| [[Italian Libya]]
| 1943–1951
| {{Country|Libya}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|France|1830}}
}}
| [[Allied occupation of Libya]]
|-
| [[Italian Social Republic|Italy]]
| 1943–1945
| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[History of Italy#World War II and fall of Fascism|Occupation of Italy]], [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]]
|-
| [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Hungary]]
| 1944–1945
| {{Country|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|name=Hungary}}
| [[Operation Margarethe|Occupation of Hungary]]
|-
| [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
| 1943–1945
| {{Country|Kingdom of Italy|name=Italy}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|United States}}
}}
| [[History of Italy#World War II and fall of Fascism|Occupation of Italy]], [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]]
|-
| [[Provisional Government of the French Republic|France]]
| 1944–1946
| {{Country|France|1830}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Free France}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|United States}}
}}
| [[Liberation of France]]
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Baltic states]]
| rowspan=3 | 1944–1991{{efn|name=USSD}}{{efn|name=Welles}}
| {{Country|Estonia}}
| rowspan=11 | {{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)|1944 Soviet re-occupation]],<br />[[Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944–1991)|Baltic states under Soviet rule]]
| rowspan=3 | '''Yes'''
|-
| {{Country|Latvia}}
|-
| {{Country|Lithuania}}
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 1944–1947
| {{Country|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
| [[Military occupations by the Soviet Union|Occupation of Bulgaria]]
| rowspan="5" | No
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 1944–1958
| {{Country|Romania}}
| [[Soviet occupation of Romania|Occupation of Romania]]
|-
| [[People's Republic of Poland|Poland]]
| 1944–1956{{efn|name=POL|A [[status of forces agreement]] was signed in December 1956 to formally regulate the position of Soviet troops in Poland, which had been there since the end of the Second World War. After the end of the country's [[Polish People's Republic|Soviet-backed Communist regime]] in 1989, the last Soviet contingent would leave the country in 1993.}}
| {{Country|Poland|1928}}
| [[Military occupations by the Soviet Union#Poland (1939–1956)|Soviet presence in Poland]]
|-
| [[Hungary]]
| 1944–1949{{efn|name=HUN|A [[status of forces agreement]] was signed in 1947 to regulate the position of Soviet troops in Hungary, which was further confirmed by Hungary's later membership in [[Comecon]] in 1949. Soviet troops would remain stationed in Hungary until 1991.}}
| {{Country|Second Hungarian Republic|name=Hungary}}
| [[Military occupations by the Soviet Union#Hungary (1944)|Occupation of Hungary]]
|-
| [[Porkkala Naval Base|Porkkalanniemi]]
| 1944–1956
| {{Country|Finland}}
| [[Continuation War]]
|-
| [[Carpathian Ruthenia]]
| 1944–1945
| {{Country|Czechoslovakia}}
| [[Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II|Annexation of Carpathian Ruthenia]]
| rowspan="2" | '''Yes'''
|-
| Northern part of [[East Prussia]]/[[Kaliningrad Oblast]]
| 1945
| {{Country|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
| [[East Prussian offensive]]
|-
| [[Soviet occupation of Manchuria|Manchuria]]
| 1945–1946
| {{Country|Manchukuo}}
| [[Soviet–Japanese War]]
| No
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 1945–1955
| {{Country|Austria}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
* {{Country|France|1830}}
}}
| [[Allied-occupied Austria]]
| rowspan=14 | [[Aftermath of World War II]]
| rowspan="14" |No
|-
| [[East Germany]], incl. [[East Berlin]]
| rowspan="2" | 1945–1949
| rowspan=4 | {{Country|Allied-occupied Germany|name=Germany}}
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Allied-occupied Germany]]
|-
| [[West Germany]]
| rowspan=2 | {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|France|1830}}
}}
|-
| [[West Berlin]]
| 1945–1990
|-
| [[Saarland]]
| 1945–1957
| {{Country|France|1830}}
| [[Saar Protectorate]]
|-
| [[Azerbaijan People's Government|Northern Iran]]
| 1945–1946
| {{Country|Iran|1925}}
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
| [[Iran crisis of 1946]]
|-
| [[Japanese archipelago|Japan (mainland)]]
| 1945–1951
| rowspan=5 | {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}
| rowspan=5 | {{Country|United States}}
| rowspan=5 | [[Occupation of Japan]]
|-
| [[Tokara Islands]]
| 1945–1952
|-
| [[Amami Islands]]
|1945–1953
|-
| [[Bonin Islands|Ogasawara archipelago]]
| 1945–1968
|-
| [[Daitō Islands]] and [[Ryukyu Islands]]{{efn|name=Ryukyu Islands| The Tokara Islands were restored to Japan in 1952. The Amami Islands were restored in 1953.}}
| 1945–1972
|-
| [[Taiwan (island)|Taiwan]], [[Pescadores]], and [[Itu Aba]]
| 1945–1952<ref name=Formosa>{{Cite journal
| url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores#S5CV0540P0_19550504_HOC_582
| title=Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)
| publisher=U.K. Parliament |journal=Hansard |volume=540 |number=cc1870–4
| date=May 4, 1955
| quote=The sovereignty was Japanese until 1952. The Japanese Treaty came into force, and at that time Formosa was being administered by the Chinese Nationalists, to whom it was entrusted in 1945, as a military occupation.
| access-date=2010-09-01
}}</ref>
| {{Country|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<ref name=Formosa />
| {{Country|Republic of China (1912–49)|name=China}}
| [[History of Taiwan since 1945]]
|-
| [[Korean Peninsula|Korea]]
| 1945–1948
| {{Country|Korea}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|Soviet Union|1936}}
}}
| [[Division of Korea|Occupation of Korea]]
|-
|[[French Cochinchina|Southern Vietnam]] and [[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]]{{sfn|Chapman|2013|pp=30–31}}
| 1945–1946
| {{Flag|France}}
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| [[War in Vietnam (1945–1946)|War of Vietnam]]
|-
|}

=== 1947–1959 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]]
| 1947–1948
| {{flagcountry|Junagadh State}}
| {{flagcountry|Dominion of India}}
| [[Annexation of Junagadh]]
| {{n/a}}
| rowspan="2" | '''Yes'''
|-
| [[West Bank]]{{efn|name=Palestine}}
| {{nobr|1948–1967<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKgeX_sdQG0C&pg=PA204|title=The International Law of Occupation|last=Benvenisti|first=Eyal|date=2012-02-23|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-958889-3}}</ref>}}
| rowspan=2 | [[End of the British Mandate for Palestine|Post-Mandate Palestine]]
| {{Country|Jordan|1948}}
| [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank]]
| rowspan=2 | [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
|-
| [[Gaza Strip]]{{efn|name=Palestine}}
| 1948–1956<br />1957–1967{{efn|The [[All-Palestine Government]] was ''de facto'' controlled by Egypt. Formal occupation occurred only from 1959 to 1967 after that government was dissolved.}}
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Egyptian Revolution (1952).svg}} [[Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Egypt]]
| [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt]]
| No
|-
| [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]
| 1948
| {{flagcountry|Hyderabad State}}
| rowspan="2" | {{flagcountry|Dominion of India}}
| [[Annexation of Hyderabad]]
| rowspan=3 {{n/a}}
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Sikkim]]
| 1949<ref>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Stephen P. |author-link=Stephen P. Cohen|title=The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1987|pages=38, 40}}</ref>–1950
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Sikkim|1914}}
| [[Sikkim#Indian protectorate|Intervention in Sikkim]]
| No
|-
| [[Tibet]]
| 1949–1951
| {{flagcountry|Tibet|1912}}
| {{Country|China}}
| [[Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China|Annexation of Tibet]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| Northern [[Jordan Valley]]<ref>''[[The Missing Peace (book)|The Missing Peace - The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace]]'' (2004), by [[Dennis Ross]]. {{ISBN|978-0-374-52980-2}}. pp 584-585</ref>
| 1949-1967
| {{flagcountry|Israel}}
| {{Country|Syria}}
| [[1949 Armistice Agreements#With Syria|1949 Armistice Agreements]]
| [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
| No
|-
| [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
| 1954–1974
| {{Country|Portugal}}
| {{Country|India}}
| [[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
| {{n/a}}
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Suez Canal Zone]]
| 1956
| rowspan=2 | {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Egyptian Revolution (1952).svg}} [[Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)|Egypt]]
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|French Fourth Republic|name=France}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
}}
| rowspan=3 | [[Suez Crisis]]
| rowspan=3 | [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]
| rowspan="5" | No
|-
| [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]]
| rowspan=2 | 1956–1957
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Israel}}
|-
| [[Gaza Strip]]
| {{Country|All-Palestine}}
|-
| [[Hungarian People's Republic|Hungary]]
| 1956
| {{Country|Hungarian People's Republic|revolution|name=Hungary}}
| {{Country|Soviet Union|1955}}
| [[Hungarian Uprising of 1956|Hungarian Uprising]]
| [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]]
|-
| [[Kingdom of Laos|Laos]]
| 1959–1975
| {{Country|Kingdom of Laos|name=Laos}}
| {{Country|North Vietnam}}
| [[North Vietnamese invasion of Laos|Invasion of Laos]]
| [[Laotian Civil War]]
|}

=== 1960–1979 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| [[Goa]], [[Daman District, India|Daman]] and [[Diu district|Diu]]
| 1961–1974
| {{Country|Portugal}}
| {{Country|India}}
| [[Annexation of Goa]]
| {{n/a}}
| rowspan="2" | '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Aksai Chin]]
| 1962
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|India}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|China}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Sino-Indian War]]
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 1962
| rowspan="5" | No
|-
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| 1965–1966
| {{Country|Dominican Republic}}
| {{Country|United States}}
| [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)|Invasion of the Dominican Republic]]
| [[Dominican Civil War]]
|-
| [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]]
| {{nobr|1967–1982}}{{efn|Israel withdrew from [[Taba, Egypt|Taba]] in 1989.|name=Sinai-Taba}}
| {{Country|Egypt}}
| {{Country|Israel}}
| [[Six-Day War]]
| [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]
|-
| [[Czechoslovakia]]
| {{nobr|1968–1989}}{{efn|Government control ended with the [[Velvet Revolution]] in late 1989, and [[Central Group of Forces#Second formation|stationed Soviet troops]] departed peacefully over 1990–1991.}}
| {{Country|Czechoslovakia}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Soviet Union}}
* {{Country|People's Republic of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}}
* {{Country|PPR|name=Poland}}
* {{Country|East Germany}}
* {{Country|Hungarian People's Republic|name=Hungary}}
}}
| [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|Invasion of Czechoslovakia]]
| [[Prague Spring]]
|-
| [[East Pakistan]]<br />(became [[Bangladesh]])
| 1971
| {{Country|Pakistan}}
| {{Country|India}}
| [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
| [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
|-
| [[South Vietnam|Southern half of Vietnam]]
| rowspan="2" | 1975–1976
| {{Country|South Vietnam}}
| {{Country|North Vietnam}}
| [[1975 spring offensive]]
| [[Vietnam War]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| Parts of [[Angola]]
| {{Country|Angola}}
| {{Country|South Africa|1928}}
| [[Operation Savannah (Angola)|South African invasion of Angola]]
| [[South African Border War]]
| rowspan="2" | No
|-
| [[Tiris al-Gharbiyya]]
| 1975–1979
| {{Country|Western Sahara}}
| {{Country|Mauritania}}
| [[Battles of La Güera and Tichla]]
| [[Western Sahara War]]
|-
| [[East Timor]]
| 1975–1999
| {{Country|East Timor}}
| {{Country|Indonesia}}
| [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor|Invasion of East Timor]]
| [[Indonesian occupation of East Timor]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Aouzou Strip]]
| 1976–1987
| {{Country|Chad}}
| {{Country|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}}
| [[Chadian–Libyan War#Occupation of the Aouzou Strip|Occupation of the Aouzou Strip]]
| [[Chadian–Libyan War]]
| rowspan="8" | No
|-
| Parts of [[Lebanon]]
| {{nobr|1976–2005}}
| {{Country|Lebanon}}
| {{Country|Syria}}
| [[Syrian occupation of Lebanon]]
| [[Lebanese Civil War]]
|-
| [[Kagera Region]]
| 1978
| {{Country|Uganda}}
| {{Country|Tanzania}}
| [[Uganda–Tanzania War|Ugandan invasion of Kagera]]
| [[Uganda–Tanzania War]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Southern Lebanon]]
| 1978–1982
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Lebanon}}
| {{flagicon image|Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png}} [[Free Lebanon State]] 
| rowspan="2" | [[1978 Lebanon war]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Lebanese Civil War]]
|-
| March 1978
| {{Country|Israel}}
|-
| [[Cambodia]]
| 1978–1989
| {{flagcountry|Democratic Kampuchea}}
| {{Country|Vietnam}}
| [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War#Invasion of Kampuchea|Invasion of Kampuchea]]
| [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War]]
|-
| Parts of [[Vietnam]]
| 1979
| {{Country|Vietnam}}
| {{Country|China}}
| [[Sino-Vietnamese War#Course of the war|Invasion of Vietnam]]
| [[Sino-Vietnamese War]]
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 1979–1989
| {{flagcountry|Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|1980}}
| {{Country|Soviet Union}}
| [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan|Invasion of Afghanistan]]
| [[Afghan–Soviet War]]
|}

=== 1980–1999 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| [[Falkland Islands]]
| 1982
| {{nobr|{{Country|United Kingdom}}}}
| {{Country|Argentina}}
| [[Occupation of the Falkland Islands]]
| [[Falklands War]]
| rowspan="6" | No
|-
| [[South Lebanon]]
| 1982–2000
| {{nobr|{{Country|Lebanon}}}}
| {{Country|Israel}}
| [[Israeli occupation of South Lebanon]]
| [[1982 Lebanon War]]
|-
| [[Grenada]]
| 1983
| {{Country|Grenada}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|Barbados}}
* {{Country|Jamaica}}
* {{Country|Antigua and Barbuda}}
* {{Country|Dominica}}
* {{Country|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
* {{Country|Saint Lucia}}
* {{Country|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
}}
| [[United States invasion of Grenada|Invasion of Grenada]]
| [[People's Revolutionary Government|Grenadian Revolution]]
|-
| [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern Province]]
| 1987–1990
| {{Country|Sri Lanka}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|India}}
| [[Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War]]
| [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]
|-
| [[Maldives]]
| 1988
| {{Country|Maldives}}
| [[1988 Maldives coup d'état]]
| {{n/a}}
|-
| [[Panama]]
| nowrap | 1989–1990
| {{Country|Panama}}
| {{Country|United States}}
| [[United States invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]]
| [[War on drugs]]
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 1990–1991
| {{Country|Kuwait}}
| {{Country|Ba'athist Iraq|1963|name=Iraq}}
* [[Kuwait Governorate]]
* [[Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District]]
| [[Invasion of Kuwait]]
| [[Gulf War]]
| '''Yes'''
|-
| [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|Seven districts surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh]]
| 1992–2020
| rowspan="2" | {{Country|Azerbaijan}}
| {{unbulleted list|{{Country|Armenia}}|''{{Country|Artsakh}}''}}
| rowspan="2" | [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]
| '''Yes''' (by Artsakh)
|-
| [[Bağanıs Ayrım]], [[Aşağı Əskipara]], [[Xeyrimli]] and Ghizilhajili<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/armenia-returns-4-border-villages-to-azerbaijan/a-69168512|title=Armenia returns 4 border villages to Azerbaijan|publisher=DW|date= 24 April 2024}}</ref>
| 1992–2024
| {{Country|Armenia}}
| rowspan="4" | No
|-
| [[Haiti]]
| 1994–1995
| {{Country|Haiti}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|Poland}}
* {{Country|Argentina}}
}}
| [[Operation Uphold Democracy]]
| [[1991 Haitian coup d'état]]
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 1998–1999
| {{Country|Lesotho|1987}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|South Africa}}
* {{Country|Botswana}}
}}
| [[Southern African Development Community intervention in Lesotho|Operation Boleas]]
| [[1998 Lesotho general election|Lesotho general election riots]]
|-
| Parts of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
| nowrap | 1998–2002<ref name="Congo CIA">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ | title=Africa :: Congo, Democratic Republic of the|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency | access-date=June 20, 2015}}</ref>
| {{Country|Democratic Republic of the Congo|1997}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|Uganda}}
* {{Country|Rwanda}}
* {{Country|Zimbabwe}}
* {{Country|Angola}}
* {{Country|Namibia}}
* {{Country|Chad}}
* {{Country|Sudan}}
}}
| [[Second Congo War#Foreign supporters of the Congo government|Foreign support to the DR Congo]]
| [[Second Congo War]]
|}

=== 2000–2019 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| {{nowrap|[[Gash-Barka Region|Gash-Barka]], [[Southern Region (Eritrea)|Southern]],}} [[Northern Red Sea Region|Northern Red Sea]] and [[Southern Red Sea Region|Southern Red Sea]]<br />regions of [[Eritrea]]
| 2000–2018
| {{Flag|Eritrea}}
| {{Flag|Ethiopia}}
| Regions were seized at the end of the [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War]] in 2000, and subsequently delimited<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXV/83-195.pdf |title=Decision regarding delimitation of the border between Eritrea and Ethiopia|series=Reports of International Arbitral Awards|volume=XXV |pages=83–195 |date=13 April 2002 |access-date=2017-05-18}}</ref> and demarcated<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pca-cpa.org/en/cases/99/ |title=Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission |publisher=Permanent Court of Arbitration|access-date=2017-05-18}}</ref> by the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] at the Hague to be Eritrean territory.

Eritrea recaptured the lands during the [[Tigray war]].
| [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War]]
| rowspan="7" | No
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]{{efn|Occupation of Afghanistan by the U.S.-led [[NATO]] ended on June 18, 2002 following the [[2002 loya jirga]] that established the [[Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan]]. From June 19, 2002, U.S.-led [[NATO]] forces operated in Afghanistan with the consent of the new Afghan government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/review-881-all.pdf#page=15|title=Humanitarian debate: Law, policy, action: Conflict in Afghanistan II - Part 2: Law and humanitarian action|page=13-16|date=March 2011|publisher=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]]}}</ref>}}
| 2001–2002
| {{flag|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan}}
| {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|Canada}}
* {{Country|Australia}}
* {{Country|New Zealand}}
* and other troops
}}
| [[United States invasion of Afghanistan]]
| [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]
|-
| [[Iraq]]{{efn|Occupation of Iraq by the U.S.-led Coalition ended on June 28, 2004 when the [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] (CPA) handed back control of Iraq to the [[Iraqi Interim Government]] as mandated by [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546|UN Resolution 1546]]. From June 29, 2004, U.S.-led Coalition forces operated in Iraq with the consent of the new Iraqi government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/ihl_in_iraq_conflict.pdf#page=3|title=International Humanitarian Law in the Iraq Conflict|author=Knut Dörmann, Laurent Colassis|page=3-9|publisher=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]]}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2024}}}}
| 2003–2004
| {{Country|Iraq|1991}}
| nowrap | {{plainlist|
* {{Country|United States}}
* {{Country|United Kingdom}}
* {{Country|Australia}}
* {{Country|Poland}}
* and other troops<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3873359.stm|title=Coalition troops in Iraq|work=BBC News| date=20 July 2004|access-date=2019-07-01}}</ref>
}}
| {{plainlist|
* [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]
* [[Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)|Occupation of Iraq]]
}}
| [[Iraq War]]
|-
| Parts of [[Somalia]]
| {{nobr|2006–2009}}<ref name="VOA">{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2007-12-24-voa20/336722.html | title=Ethiopia Marks Yearlong Occupation in Somalia |publisher=Voice of America|date=1 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621084311/http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2007-12-24-voa20/336722.html|archive-date=2015-06-21 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{Country|Somalia}}
| {{Country|Ethiopia}}
| [[Somalia War (2006–2009)]]
| nowrap | [[Somali Civil War]]
|-
| [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]] and [[Poti]]
| 2008
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Georgia}}
| rowspan=2 | {{Country|Russia}}
| [[Occupation of Gori]] and [[Occupation of Poti|Poti]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Russo-Georgian War]]
|-
| [[Perevi]]
| 2008–2010
| [[Occupied territories of Georgia#History|Occupation of Perevi]]
|-
| [[Socotra]]
| 2018
| {{Country|Yemen}}
| {{Country|United Arab Emirates}}
| [[United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra|Takeover of Socotra]]
| nowrap | [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)|Yemeni Civil War]]
|}

=== 2020–present ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Occupied territory
! Years
! Occupied state
! Occupying state
! Event
! Part of war(s)
! Subsequently annexed?
|-
| {{unbulleted list|Parts of [[Chernihiv Oblast|Chernihiv]], [[Dnipropetrovsk Oblast|Dnipropetrovsk]], [[Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]], [[Kyiv Oblast|Kyiv]], [[Poltava Oblast|Poltava]], [[Sumy Oblast|Sumy]], and [[Zhytomyr Oblast|Zhytomyr]] Oblasts{{efn|These oblasts of Ukraine were all [[Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine|partially occupied]] by Russia during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. However, these oblasts were eventually relinquished after several weeks. On the other hand, Russia has also occupied (parts of) [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]], [[Kherson Oblast|Kherson]], [[Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]], and [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Zaporizhzhia]] Oblasts during the same invasion, eventually [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexing]] them (including uncontrolled parts) in September–October 2022. Additionally, amid the 2022 annexation, Russia streamlined two small parts of [[Mykolaiv Oblast]] into Kherson Oblast, namely the city of [[Snihurivka]] and its surroundings,<ref name="SnihurivkaJoinsKhersonOblast">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=21 September 2022 |title=Russian-held parts of Ukraine's Mykolaiv region to be incorporated in Russian-held Kherson |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-held-parts-ukraines-mykolaiv-region-be-incorporated-russian-held-kherson-2022-09-21/ |accessdate=21 September 2022}}</ref> as well as the outer portion of the [[Kinburn Peninsula]]. Earlier, Russia [[Russian occupation of Crimea|occupied]] and [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed]] [[Crimea]] (including [[Sevastopol]]) in 2014, which was also previously administered by Ukraine.}}{{efn|See [[Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast|Russian occupation of Chernihiv]], [[Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast|Kharkiv]], [[Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast|Kyiv]], [[Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast|Sumy]], and [[Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast|Zhytomyr]] Oblasts.}}|[[Chernobyl Exclusion Zone]]{{efn|The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the site of the [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl nuclear disaster]] in 1986, was [[Capture of Chernobyl|captured]] by Russia during the 2022 invasion. Most of Chernobyl EZ lies within Kyiv Oblast (and partially within Zhytomyr Oblast), but it is off-limits to civilians. Chernobyl EZ was retaken by Ukraine in March–April 2022.}}|[[Snake Island (Ukraine)|Snake Island]]{{efn|Snake Island, which is administratively part of [[Odesa Oblast]] and located in the [[Black Sea]], was [[2022 Snake Island campaign|captured]] by Russia at the beginning of the invasion, on 24 February 2022. Snake Island was retaken by Ukraine on 30 June 2022.}}}}
| 2022–2024
| {{Country|Ukraine}}
| {{Country|Russia}}
| [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
| [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
| No{{efn|Russia still controls a small part of Kharkiv Oblast, which it has not officially annexed.}}
|-
| Parts of [[Bryansk Oblast]], [[Belgorod Oblast]] and [[Kursk Oblast]]
| 2023–2025 (uncontinuous)
| {{Country|Russia}}
| {{Country|Ukraine}}
| [[2023 Bryansk Oblast raid]], [[2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions]], [[March 2024 western Russia incursion]], [[Kursk campaign]]
| [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
| No
|}

== See also ==

* [[Russian-occupied territories]]
* [[Israeli-occupied territories]]
* [[Military occupations by the Soviet Union]]
* {{section link|Territories of the United States|Former U.S. military occupations}}
* [[Peacekeeping]] – military deployments for peace-keeping purposes
* [[List of military and civilian missions of the European Union]]
* [[Annexation]]
* [[Revanchism]]
* For a list of states that have seceded unilaterally see [[List of states with limited recognition]]
* For a list of cases where territory is disputed between countries, see [[List of territorial disputes]]

== Footnotes and references ==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation|author-link=Secretariat of the European Parliament#External Policies|author=Secretariat of the European Parliament DG-EXPO|date=2015|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/534995/EXPO_STU(2015)534995_EN.pdf|title=Occupation/Annexation of a Territory: Respect for International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights and Consistent EU Policy}}
* {{cite book | title = Cauldron of Resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s Southern Vietnam | url = https://scholar.google.com.sg/scholar?hl=zh-CN&q=Cauldron+of+Resistance&btnG=&lr=lang_en | last = Chapman | first = Jessica M. | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca, New York | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-0-8014-5061-7 }}

[[Category:Territories under military occupation| ]]
[[Category:Geography-related lists|Occupations]]
[[Category:Lists of military conflicts|Occupations]]
[[Category:Military law|Military occupations]]
[[Category:Military operations other than war]]