View source for List of hyperboloid structures

{{Short description|none}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
[[Image:Canton Tower 20220626 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Canton Tower]], [[Guangzhou]], China]]
[[Image:Kobe Port Tower 20201114.jpg|thumb|[[Kobe Port Tower]], [[Kobe]], Japan]]
[[Image:PuertollanoTermicaEncasur.jpg|thumb|[[Cooling tower]], [[Puertollano]], Spain]]
This page is a '''list of [[hyperboloid structure]]s'''. These were first applied in [[architecture]] by Russian engineer [[Vladimir Shukhov]] (1853–1939). Shukhov built his first example as a water tower ([[hyperboloid|hyperbolic]] [[Thin-shell structure|shell]]) for the 1896 [[All-Russia exhibition 1896|All-Russian Exposition]]. Subsequently, more have been designed by other architects, including [[Le Corbusier]], [[Antoni Gaudí]], [[Eduardo Torroja]], [[Oscar Niemeyer]] and [[I. M. Pei|Ieoh Ming Pei]].

The shapes are [[doubly ruled surface]]s, which can be classed as:
* [[Hyperbolic paraboloid]]s, such as [[saddle roof]]s
* [[Hyperboloid of one sheet]], such as [[cooling tower]]s

<gallery>
 Image:Ruled hyperboloid.jpg|A [[hyperboloid]] of one sheet is a [[doubly ruled surface]], and it may be generated by either of two families of straight lines.
 Image:Hyperbolic-paraboloid.jpg|The [[hyperbolic paraboloid]] is a [[doubly ruled surface]] so it may be used to construct a [[saddle roof]] from straight beams.
</gallery>

==Notable projects==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Structure
! Image
! Date completed
! Location
! Country
! Function
! Height
! Architect
! Notes
|-
|[[Shukhov Tower in Polibino]]
|[[File:First Shukhov Tower Nizhny Novgorod 1896.jpg|100px]]
|1896
|[[Polibino, Lipetsk Oblast|Polibino]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
| 37&nbsp;m (121&nbsp;ft)
|[[Vladimir Shukhov]]
|The world's first [[hyperboloid structure]] featured at the 1896 [[All-Russia exhibition 1896|All-Russian Exposition]] in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russia]].
|-
|[[Adziogol Lighthouse]]
|[[File:Adziogol hyperboloid Lighthouse by Vladimir Shukhov 1911.jpg|100px]]
|1911
|[[Kherson]]
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|Hyperboloid lighthouse tower
| 64&nbsp;m (211&nbsp;ft)
|[[Vladimir Shukhov]]
|Illustrates a [[hyperboloid]] lattice.
|-
|[[Stanislav Range Front Light]]
|[[File:Stanislav Range Front.jpg|100px]]
|1911
|[[Kherson]]
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|Hyperboloid lighthouse tower
| 26&nbsp;m (85&nbsp;ft)
|[[Vladimir Shukhov]]
|
|-
|[[Church of Colònia Güell]]
|[[File:Exterior i entrada a la Cripta de la Colònia Güell 03.JPG|100px]]
|1915
|[[Santa Coloma de Cervelló]]
|{{flag|Spain}}
|Hyperboloid building cathedral vaults
|
|[[Antoni Gaudí]]
|An [[unfinished building]] with hyperbolic paraboloid vaults.
|-
|[[Shukhov Tower]]
|[[File:Shukhov Tower photo by Maxim Fedorov. Night.jpg|100px]]
|1922
|[[Moscow]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 160&nbsp;m (525&nbsp;ft)
|[[Vladimir Shukhov]]
|Unless the international campaign can save it, the 1922 [[Shukhov Tower]] is under current threat of demolition.
|-
|[[Shukhov tower on the Oka River]]
|[[File:Shukhov Oka Towers 1988 photo by Igor Kazus.jpg|100px]]
|1929
|[[Nizhny Novgorod]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Hyperboloid electricity pylon towers
| 128&nbsp;m (420&nbsp;ft)
|[[Vladimir Shukhov]]
|The [[Shukhov Tower on the Oka River]] is the world's only [[diagrid]] [[Hyperboloid structure|hyperboloid]] [[electricity pylon]] [[transmission tower]].  In 2009 one tower was illegally taken down to re-sell the metal.
|-
|[[Dorton Arena]]
|[[File:Dorton Arena West Side.JPG|100px]]
|1952
|[[Raleigh, North Carolina]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on arena
|
|[[Maciej Nowicki (architect)|Maciej Nowicki]]
|
|-
|Transmitter Building of Europe 1 [https://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=73958]
|[[File:Europe 1 Sendegebaude12092016 1.JPG|100px]]
|1954
|[[Überherrn]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof
| 16&nbsp;m (52&nbsp;ft)
|
|transmitter building of a 2000 kW longwave broadcasting transmitter
|-
|[[Fedala Reservoir]]
|
|1957
|[[Mohammedia]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
|
|[[Eduardo Torroja]]
|[https://structurae.net/structures/fedala-reservoir]
|-
|[[Ochsenkopf TV Tower]]
|[[File:Der Sender Ochsenkopf .jpg|100px]]
|1958
|[[Ochsenkopf (Fichtel Mountains)|Ochsenkopf]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 163&nbsp;m (535&nbsp;ft)
|
| Radio and TV tower made of [[reinforced concrete]].
|-
|[[Philips Pavilion]]
|[[File:Expo58 building Philips.jpg|100px]]
|1958
|[[Brussels, Belgium]]
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|A cluster of nine hyperbolic paraboloid concrete roofs
|
|[[Le Corbusier]]
|Commissioned by [[the Netherlands]] electronics company [[Philips]], the pavilion at the World's Fair [[Expo '58]] in [[Brussels]] was designed by [[Le Corbusier]] to house a [[multimedia]] spectacle that celebrated postwar technological progress. 
|-
|[[Mürwik]] Wasserturm<br />
(Mürwik Water Tower)
|[[File:Flensburg Wasserturm Mürwik.jpg|100px]]
|1961
|[[Flensburg]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
|
|
|[https://structurae.de/bauwerke/wasserturm-flensburg-muerwik]
|-
|[[Warszawa Ochota railway station]]
|[[File:W-wa Ochota PKP-WKD.jpg|100px]]
|1962
|[[Warsaw]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on train station
|
|
|
|-
|[[Church Army Chapel, Blackheath]]
|[[File:Church Army chapel 042.jpg|100px]]
|1963
|[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]], south east [[London]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on church
|
|[[E.T. Spashett]]
|
|-
|[[Kobe Port Tower]]
|[[File:Kobe port tower11s3200.jpg|100px]]
|1963
|[[Kōbe]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 108&nbsp;m (354&nbsp;ft)
|[[Nikken Sekkei Company]]
|
|-
|[[Saint Louis Science Center]]'s James S. [[McDonnell Planetarium]]
|[[File:Mcdonnell planetarium slsc.jpg|100px]]
|1963
|[[St. Louis, Missouri]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|Hyperboloid building museum planetarium
|
|[[Gyo Obata]] of [[Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum]]
|
|-
|[[Möglingen]] Wasserturm<br />
(Möglingen Water Tower)
|[[File:WasserturmMöglingen.jpg|100px]]
|1965
|[[Ludwigsburg]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
|
|[[R. Kessler]]
|
|-
|[[Święty Krzyż TV Tower]]
|[[File:PL-SK Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy, wieża radiowo-telewizyjna 2016-08-18--11-30-05-004.jpg|100px]]
|1966
|[[Łysa Góra]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 157&nbsp;m (515&nbsp;ft)
|
|
|-
|Water tower in Rishon LeZion
|[[File:Гиперболоидная водонапорная башня.jpg|Hyperboloid water tower in Rishon LeZion|100px]]
|1967
|[[Rishon LeZion]]
|{{flag|Israel}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
| 33.5&nbsp;m (109.9&nbsp;ft)
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Newcastle International Airport]] air traffic control tower
|[[File:Newcastle International Airport Control Tower.jpg|100px]]
|1967
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
|
|
|
|-
|[[Cockfosters Water Tower]]
|[[File:Cockfosters water tower 16.jpg|100px]]
|1968
|[[London]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
|
|[[Edmund C. Percey]] of [[Scherrer and Hicks]] and [[J.W. Milne]]
|[[Cockfosters Water Tower]] is in [[Cockfosters|Cockfosters Road]], north [[London]], on the edge of [[Trent Park]].
|-
|[[Ještěd Tower]]
|[[File:Jested 002.JPG|100px]]
|1968
|[[Liberec]]
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 94&nbsp;m (308&nbsp;ft)
|[[Karel Hubáček]]
|
|-
|[[Wrexham Swimming Baths]],<br />
now the Wrexham Waterworld Leisure and Activity Centre
|[[File:Wrexham Waterworld Leisure and Activity Centre.JPG|100px]]
|1969
|[[Wrexham]], [[Wales]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on indoor swimming pool
|
|[[F.D. Williamson associates]] of [[Bridgend]]
|
|-
|[[Cathedral of Brasília]]
|[[File:Catedral1 Rodrigo Marfan.jpg|100px]]
|1970
|[[Brasília]]
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|Hyperboloid building cathedral
| 42&nbsp;m (138&nbsp;ft)
|[[Oscar Niemeyer]]
|
|-
|[[Scandinavium]]
|[[File:Gothia Towers, Mässan och Scandinavium 02.JPG|100px]]
|1971
|[[Gothenburg]]
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on arena
|
|[[Poul Hultberg]], for [[Nils Olsson]]'s [[Gothenburg]] firm
|
|-
|[[Ciechanów#Monuments|Ciechanów Water Tower]]
|[[File:Ciechanow water tower.jpg|100px]]
|1972
|[[Ciechanów]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
|
|[[Jan Bogusławski]], [[Jerzy Michał Bogusławski]]
|A [[Toroid (geometry)|toroidal]] [[water tower]] tank on a doubly ruled [[hyperboloid structure]].
|-
|[[Gettysburg National Tower]]
|[[File:SLOCUM AVENUE WITH VIEW OF NATIONAL TOWER AND CEMETERY HILL. VIEW W. - Gettysburg National Military Park Tour Roads, Gettysburg, Adams County, PA HAER PA,1-GET.V,21-60.tif|100px]]
|1974-2000
|[[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 120&nbsp;m (390&nbsp;ft)
|[[Joel H. Rosenblatt]]
|'''Demolished''' in 2000.
|-
|[[:de:BIZ-Turm]]<br />
(BIS Tower) of the [[Bank for International Settlements]]
|[[File:Basel - Bank für internationalen Zahlungsausgleich1.jpg|100px]]
|1977
|[[Basel]]
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 69.5&nbsp;m (228&nbsp;ft)
|[[Martin Burckhardt (architect)|Martin Burckhardt]]
|Tower for the untouchables.
|-
|[[Sydney Tower]]
|[[File:Amp tower center point tower sydney.jpg|100px]]
|1981
|[[Sydney]]
|{{flag|Australia}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 309&nbsp;m (1,014&nbsp;ft)
|[[Donald Crone]], Australian
|
|-
|[[Le Havre#House of Culture|Le Havre's House of Culture]],<br />
a.k.a. [[:fr:Le Volcan (salle)]] (The Volcano (hall/auditorium))
|[[File:Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret-113542.jpg|100px]]
|1982
|[[Le Havre]]
|{{flag|France}}
|Hyperboloid building concert hall
|
|[[Oscar Niemeyer]], Brazilian
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070518200018/http://www.archi.fr/DOCOMOMO-FR/fiche-havre-volcan-va.htm]
|-
|[[Roy Thomson Hall]]
|[[File:Toronto - ON - Roy Thomson Hall.jpg|100px]]
|1982
|[[Toronto]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|Hyperboloid building concert hall
|
|[[Arthur Erickson]] and [[Mathers and Haldenby]], Canadian
|
|-
|[[Scotiabank Saddledome]]
|[[File:Pengrowth Saddledome.jpg|100px]]
|1983
|[[Calgary]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on indoor arena
|
|[[Graham McCourt Architects]]
|
|-
|[[THTR-300]] [[Thorium fuel cycle|thorium]] [[nuclear reactor]] [[cooling tower]]
|[[File:Thtr300 kuehlturm.jpg|100px]]
|1983
|[[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]]-Uentrop
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid cooling tower
| 180&nbsp;m (590&nbsp;ft)
|[[Schlaich Bergermann & Partner]]
|The [[THTR-300]] cable-net dry [[cooling tower]] for the now '''decommissioned''' [[Thorium fuel cycle|thorium]] high-temperature [[nuclear reactor]].
|-
|[[Canada Place]]
|[[File:Canada Place - Vancouver 052.jpg|100px]]
|1985
|[[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]
|{{flag|Canada}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roofs in series with masts and fabric resembling sails
|
|[[Zeidler Roberts Partnership]] in joint venture with [[Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership]] and [[DA Architects + Planners]].
|Canada Place houses the [[Vancouver Convention Centre]], the [[Pan Pacific Vancouver|Pan Pacific Vancouver Hotel]], [[Vancouver's World Trade Centre]], the virtual flight ride [[FlyOver Canada]], and is the main [[cruise ship]] terminal for the region.
|-
|''[[Tractricious]]''
|[[File:U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 270 005 010 (9366749068).jpg|100px]]
|1988
|[[Fermilab]], [[Batavia, Illinois]]
|{{flag|United States}}
|Hyperboloid public art sculpture
|
|[[Robert R. Wilson]]
|The Tractricious sculpture in front of [[Fermilab]]'s [[Illinois Accelerator Research Center]] (IARC), [[Illinois]], designed by [[Robert R. Wilson]]<ref name="fnal">{{cite web|url=http://www.fnal.gov/pub/today/images07/tractricious_02_08_2007.jpg|date=2007-02-08|title=Image: tractricious_02_08_2007.jpg, (800 × 1200 px)|publisher=fnal.gov|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref><ref name="Tractricious">{{cite web|url=http://news.fnal.gov/2016/11/the-story-of-tractricious/|date=2016-11-02|title=The story of "Tractricious"|publisher=news.fnal.gov|accessdate=2018-09-26}}</ref> who derived the name ''Tractricious'' from [[tracktrix]], a curve such that any tangent segment from the tangent point on the curve to the curve's asymptote have constant length, a concept first introduced by [[Tractrix|Claude Perrault]] in 1670.
|-
| Yangudun Radio and Television Tower<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldradiomap.com/cn/qingdao|title=Radio stations in Qingdao, China|website=World Radio Map|access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref>
|
| 1994{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
| [[Qingdao]]
| {{flag|China}}
| Hyperboloid observation tower
| 108&nbsp;m (354&nbsp;ft)
|
|
|-
|[[Corporation Street Bridge]]
|[[File:Bridge over Corporation Street - geograph.org.uk - 809089.jpg|100px]]
|1999
|[[Manchester]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperboloid building enclosed walkway
|
|[[Stephen Hodder|Hodder + Partners]]
|
|-
| Orion Tower<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1258243/samara-trk-orion-tower-samara-russia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307123925/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1258243/samara-trk-orion-tower-samara-russia |url-status=usurped |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |title=Samara TRK-Orion Tower, Samara {{pipe}} 1258243 |publisher=Emporis |date= |accessdate=2022-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/orion-tower/|title = Orion Tower in Samara, Russian Federation|date = 25 January 2020|website=virtualglobetrotting.com}}</ref>
| 
| 2001
| [[Samara]]
| {{flag|Russia}}
| Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 201&nbsp;m (660&nbsp;ft)
| 
| Radio and TV steel [[lattice tower]]
|-
|[[Killesberg Tower]]
|[[File:Killesberg Tower.jpg|100px]]
|2001
|[[Stuttgart]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 40.4&nbsp;m (133&nbsp;ft)
|[[Jörg Schlaich]] and [[Schlaich Bergermann Partner]]
|Originally planned for the [[1993 World Horticultural Exposition]], it was only erected in 2001.
|-
|[[Aussichtsturm Schlossberg]]<br />
(Schlossberg View Tower)<br />
a.k.a. Castle Hill Tower
|[[File:Freiburg Schlossberg Aussichtsturm.jpg|100px]]
|2002
|[[Freiburg im Breisgau]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 35&nbsp;m (115&nbsp;ft)
|[[Hubert Horbach]], Freiburg
|
|-
| Hitachinaka Power Plant<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sekitan.jp/en/info/tepco_chubu_company/|title = 中部電力と東京電力が新会社設立、 ～早くも石炭火力発電所新設（茨城県内）へ始動TEPCO and Chubu Electric to form new company, push forward new coal-fired power plant in Ibaraki {{pipe}} Don't go back to the 石炭〜石炭火力発電に反対 {{pipe}}石炭発電{{pipe}}石炭火力発電{{pipe}}反原発}}</ref>
|
| 2003
| [[Hitachinaka]]
| {{flag|Japan}}
| Hyperboloid smokestack 
| 230&nbsp;m (754&nbsp;ft)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/3561|title=Hitachinaka Coal Power Station Japan - GEO|website=globalenergyobservatory.org|accessdate=5 December 2023}}</ref>
| 
|
|-
|Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/291412/radio-mast-at-krupskoi-street-perm-russia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630020150/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/291412/radio-mast-at-krupskoi-street-perm-russia |url-status=usurped |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |title=Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street, Perm {{pipe}} 291412 |publisher=Emporis |date= |accessdate=2022-05-02}}</ref>
|
|2003
|[[Perm, Russia|Perm]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 180&nbsp;m (591&nbsp;ft)
|
| Radio and TV steel [[lattice tower]]
|-
|[[Messe Wien]] Turm / Messeturm<br />
(Vienna Trade Fair Tower / Exhibition-tower)
|[[File:Messe Wien 0.jpg|100px]]
|2004
|[[Vienna]]
|{{flag|Austria}}
|Hyperboloid public art sculpture decorative illuminated tower landmark
| 63&nbsp;m (207&nbsp;ft)
|[[Gustav Peichl]], [[Rudolf F. Weber]], [[Katharina Fröch]], [[Christoph Lechner]], [[Paul Katzberger]], [[Gerhard Moßburger]], [[Norbert Erlach]]
|The largest [[trade fair]] in Austria and one of the most important economic factors of [[Vienna]].
|-
|[[Barcelona–El Prat Airport]] air traffic control tower
|[[File:17-12-04-Aeropuerto de Barcelona-El Prat-RalfR-DSCF0722.jpg|100px]]
|2005
|[[El Prat de Llobregat]], near [[Barcelona]]
|{{flag|Spain}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
|
|[[Ricardo Bofill]], Spanish
|<ref name="castelldefels">{{cite web|url=http://www.castelldefels.com/aeroport/ingl/torredecontrolin.htm|title=Air Traffic control tower Barcelona Airport|publisher=castelldefels.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>
|-
|Borůvka Tower
|[[File:Rozhledna Boruvka.JPG|100px]]
|2005
|[[Chrudim]]
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 18.5&nbsp;m (61&nbsp;ft)
|[[Martin Novák (architect)|Martin Novák]] and [[Antonín Olšina]]
|<ref name="mastale">{{cite web|url=http://www.mastale.cz/cs/stranka/rozhledna-boruvka|title=Rozhledna Borůvka {{pipe}} Sdružení obcí Toulovcovy Maštale|publisher=mastale.cz|access-date=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429055321/http://www.mastale.cz/cs/stranka/rozhledna-boruvka|archive-date=2013-04-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jaroslavmachacek.com/files/page0_blog_entry233_2.jpg Blog entry] jaroslavmachacek.com {{dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[:de:TBZ-Turm]]<br />
(TBZ Tower)
|[[File:TBZ Turm.JPG|100px]]
|2005
|[[Zürich]]
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 13.3&nbsp;m (47&nbsp;ft)
|[[Daniel Roth (artist)]], German
|The winner of a 2003 competition had his tower built on the roof of the Zürich's Technical Vocational School.  Initially accessible, the observation tower has been closed indefinitely due to student mischief.
|-
|[[Aspire Tower]]<br />
a.k.a. "The Torch Doha"
| [[File:Aspire Tower at Aspire Park, Doha.jpg|100px]]
|2007
|[[Doha]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 300&nbsp;m (984&nbsp;ft)
|[[Hadi Simaan]] and [[AREP]] and engineer [[Ove Arup and Partners]]
|
|-
|[[BMW Welt]]<br />
(BMW World)
|[[File:BMW-Welt at night 2.JPG|100px]]
|2007
|[[Munich]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid building event venue and museum
|
|[[Vienna|Viennese]] professor [[Wolf D. Prix]] and architect firm [[Coop Himmelb (l) au]]
|
|-
|[[Tornado Tower]]<br />
a.k.a. the "QIPCO Tower"
| [[File:City montage of Doha2.png|100px]]
|2008
|[[Doha]]
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 195&nbsp;m (640&nbsp;ft)
|
|
|-
|[[:de:Lörmecke-Turm]]<br />
(Lörmecke Tower)
|[[File:Lörmecketurm.jpg|100px]]
|2008
|[[Warstein]], [[Arnsberg]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 35&nbsp;m (115&nbsp;ft)
|Joh.-Ulrich Blecke and Dr. Ing. Michael Maas
|
|-
|Slunečná Tower
|[[File:Rozhledna Slunečná.JPG|100px]]
|2009
|[[Velké Pavlovice]]
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 18.6&nbsp;m (61&nbsp;ft)
|Ing. [[Martin Novák (architect)|Martin Novák]] in cooperation with [[Antonín Olšina]]
|
|-
|[[Canton Tower]]<br />
a.k.a. Guangzhou Tower
|[[File:Canton Tower 20220626 (cropped 2).jpg|100px]]
|2010
|[[Guangzhou]]
|{{flag|China}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 604&nbsp;m (1,982&nbsp;ft)
|Dutch architects [[Mark Hemel]] and [[Barbara Kuit]] of [[Information Based Architecture]], together with [[Arup Group Limited|Arup]], the international design, engineering and business consulting firm headquartered in [[London]]
|The [[Canton Tower]] is in the [[Haizhu District]] of the city of [[Guangzhou]] (historically known as Canton), in [[Guangdong]], [[China]].<ref name="designcommunity">{{cite web|url=http://www.designcommunity.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11994|title=ArchitectureWeek DesignCommunity • View topic - 610m - Hyperboloid Tower in Guangzhou|publisher=designcommunity.com|accessdate=2015-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213757/http://www.designcommunity.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11994|archive-date=2015-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ferrari World Abu Dhabi]]
|
|2010
|[[Yas Island]] in [[Abu Dhabi]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|Hyperboloid building
|
|
|the largest space frame structure ever built
|-
|[[:de:Jübergturm]]<br />
(Jüberg Tower)
|[[File:Hemer-Juebergturm1-Asio.JPG|100px]]
|2010
|[[:de:Jüberg]], [[Hemer]], [[Märkischer Kreis]], [[Arnsberg]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 23.5&nbsp;m (77&nbsp;ft)
|[[Beat Müller]] and [[Katharina Schewe]], Swiss + [[Birk and Heilmeyer]], Stuttgart
|The first wooden hyperboloid tower structurally supported only by the outer wood framework.
|-
|[[Khan Shatyry Entertainment Center]]
|[[File:Khan Shatyr.jpg|100px]]
|2010
|[[Khan Shatyr]], [[Astana]]
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Hyperboloid superstructure
| 150&nbsp;m (492&nbsp;ft)
|[[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] of [[Foster and Partners]]
|The highest tensile structure in the world.
|-
|[[Lee Valley VeloPark]]<br />
a.k.a. London VeloPark
|[[File:London Velopark, 16 April 2012.jpg|100px]]
|2011
|[[Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park]], [[East London]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on cycling centre arena
|
|[[Hopkins Architects]], [[Grant Associates]]
|
|-
|[[Mae West (sculpture)|''Mae West'' (sculpture)]]
|[[File:MUC Bghsn MaeWestA2 1.jpg|100px]]
|2011
|[[Munich]]
|{{flag|Germany}}
|Hyperboloid public art sculpture
| 52&nbsp;m (171&nbsp;ft)
|[[Rita McBride]]
|
|-
|''[[AfrikaBurn#San Clan|San Clan]]''
|[[File:San clan 2012.jpg|100px]]
|2012
|[[Tankwa Karoo National Park]]
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|Hyperboloid public art sculpture tower
| 
|
|A temporary tower and ephemeral effigy constructed to intentionally burn in celebration at [[AfrikaBurn]] 2012, a [[Burning Man Festival|Burning Man]] regional event.
|-
|Vysoká u Tachova Tower
|[[File:Tachov - rozhledna Vysoká (1).JPG|100px]]
|2014
|[[Tachov]]
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
|
|[[Hysek]] architectural studio
|<ref name="konstrukce">{{cite web|url=http://www.konstrukce.cz/clanek/tancici-rozhledna-v-tachove/ |title=[English:] Dancing observation tower in Tachov |publisher=konstrukce.cz |date=2016-01-26 |accessdate=2018-09-26}}</ref><ref name="kudyznudy">{{cite web |url=http://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity-a-akce/aktivity/rozhledna-vysoka-u-tachova.aspx |title=Rozhledna Vysoká u Tachova |publisher=kudyznudy.cz |accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref>
|-
|Perm TV Tower<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radiomap.eu/ru/perm|title=Radio stations in Perm, Russia|website=Radiomap.eu|accessdate=5 December 2023}}</ref>
|
|2016
|[[Perm, Russia|Perm]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Hyperboloid broadcast tower
| 275&nbsp;m (902&nbsp;ft)
|
|A radio and TV steel [[lattice tower]]
|-
|[[Warsaw Spire]]
|[[File:Warsaw Spire, Poland 22 June 2016.jpg|100px]]
|2016
|[[Warsaw]]
|{{flag|Poland}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 220&nbsp;m (721&nbsp;ft)
|[[Jaspers-Eyers Architects]] and [[PROJEKT Polsko-Belgijska Pracownia Architektury]]
|The [[Warsaw Spire]] is a complex of [[Neomodern architecture|Neomodern]] office buildings in [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]].
|-
|[[Camp Adventure (treetop experience (observation tower and walkway))|Camp Adventure (observation tower and walkway)]]
|
|2018
|[[Gisselfeld|Gisselfeld Klosters]] forests, between [[Haslev]] and [[Næstved]],
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|Hyperboloid observation tower
| 45&nbsp;m (148&nbsp;ft)
|[[EFFEKT Architects]]
|45m spiral walkway.<ref name="Camp Adventure Park">{{cite web|url=https://www.campadventure.dk/en/ |title=Camp Adventure Park |publisher=CampAdventure.dk |date= |accessdate=2018-10-06}}</ref><ref name="EFFEKT">{{cite web|url=https://www.effekt.dk/camp/ |title=Camp Adventure Park |publisher=EFFEKT.dk |date= |accessdate=2018-10-06}}</ref><ref name="DesignBoom">{{cite web|url=https://www.designboom.com/architecture/effekt-the-treetop-experience-camp-adventure-denmark-06-16-2017/ |title=EFFEKT's treetop experience observation tower offers breathtaking views |publisher=DesignBoom.com |date=2017-06-16 |accessdate=2018-10-06}}</ref><ref name="Contemporist">{{cite web|url=http://www.contemporist.com/denmark-observation-tower/ |title=Denmark Will Have This Amazing New Observation Tower Next Year |publisher=Contemporist.com |date=2017-06-16 |accessdate=2018-10-06}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vakif Bank Headquarters Tower]]
|
|2023
|[[Istanbul Financial Center]], [[Istanbul]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 222&nbsp;m (726&nbsp;ft)
|[[Tabanlıoğlu Architects]]
|The [[Vakif Bank Headquarters Tower]] is a project of [[Istanbul Financial Center]] (IFC) office buildings in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].
|-
|[[Les Essarts-le-Roi]] Château d'Eau<br />
(Les Essarts-le-Roi Water Tower)
|[[File:Les Essarts-le-Roi Château d'eau.JPG|100px]]
|
|[[Les Essarts-le-Roi]], [[Yvelines]]
|{{flag|France}}
|Hyperboloid water tower
|
|
|
|-
|[[Gen Coel Building]]
|[[File:Heerlerheide Gen Coel (1).jpg|100px]]
|
|[[Heerlerheide]], [[Heerlen]]
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|Hyperboloid building public library, shopping, and community centre
|
|
|Utilizes geothermal mine water ("Mijnwater") heating and cooling.<ref name="Mijnwater">{{cite web|url=http://www.mijnwater.com/?lang=en |title=Mine Water, Basis For Renewable Energy |publisher=Mijnwater.com |date= |accessdate=2018-10-08}}</ref>  See also: [[:nl:Aardwarmte#Aardwarmte uit mijngangen]].
|-
|[[Tempo (sculpture)|''Tempo'' (sculpture)]],<br />
a.k.a. ''[[Samspel]]''<br />
(interaction/interplay/teamwork)
|
|
|[[Husnes]]
|{{flag|Norway}}
|Hyperboloid public art sculpture
|
|[[LEADinc]]
|Commissioned by [[Hydro Husnes]], formerly [[Sør-Norge Aluminium AS]].<ref name="LEADinc">{{cite web |url=http://leadinc.no/Tempo_project_in_Husnes_Kvinnherad_Norway |title=Tempo (Samspel) Public Art Installation |publisher=LEADinc |accessdate=2018-09-26}}</ref><ref name="Light Falls">{{cite web |url=http://www.mnartists.org/artwork/light-falls |title=Light Falls [on the Tempo (Sampsel) public art sculpture in Husnes, Norway, 2007] |publisher=Annette Walby |accessdate=2018-09-26}}</ref><ref name="panoramio">{{cite web |url=https://www.panoramio.com/photo/3567516 |title=Panoramio - Photo of Samspel |publisher=panoramio.com |accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>
|-

|[[Sagrada Família]]
|[[File:SF - Passió 2018-m.jpg|100px]]
|
|[[Barcelona]]
|{{flag|Spain}}
|Hyperboloid building cathedral vaults and windows
|
|[[Antoni Gaudí]]
|Under construction since 1882 with an estimated completion in 2026.
|}

=== Notable Projects Never Built ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Structure
! Location
! Country
! Function
! Height
! Architect
! Notes
|-
|[[Burj Al Alam]]
|[[Business Bay]], [[Dubai]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 510&nbsp;m (1,670&nbsp;ft)
| [[Nikken Sekkei]]
| Cancelled in 2013
|-
|[[Crystal Island (building project)|Crystal Island]]
|[[Moscow]]
|{{flag|Russia}}
|Hyperboloid [[superstructure]]
| 450&nbsp;m (1,476&nbsp;ft)
|[[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] of [[Foster and Partners]]
| In 2009, due to the [[2008 financial crisis]], financial backing for the project was lost, and construction of the project was postponed.
|-
|[[Vortex Tower]]
|[[London]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|Hyperboloid skyscraper tower
| 300&nbsp;m (984&nbsp;ft)
|[[Ken Shuttleworth (architect)|Ken Shuttleworth]]
|Designed in 2012 
|}

==Gallery of more hyperbolic paraboloid structures==

<gallery class="center" widths="150px" heights="200px">
 Image:Hyperbolic-paraboloid.svg|The [[hyperbolic paraboloid]] is a [[doubly ruled surface]], and thus can be used to construct a [[saddle roof]] from straight beams.
 Image:Hyperbolic-paraboloid.jpg|A [[saddle roof]] is a [[hyperbolic paraboloid]], that mathematically, as a [[doubly ruled surface]], can be constructed from two rows of straight beams.
 Image:Pringles chips.JPG|[[Pringles]] are examples of hyperbolic paraboloids.
 Image:Stapelchips.jpg|Stackable Pringles Chips.
</gallery>

==Gallery of more hyperboloid structures==

<gallery class="center" widths="150px" heights="200px">
Ruled hyperboloid.jpg|A [[hyperboloid]] of one sheet is a doubly ruled surface: it can be generated by either of two families of straight lines.
Four hyperboloid towers.jpg|Four images of hyperboloid towers.
First Shukhov Tower Nizhny Novgorod 1896.jpg|The [[Shukhov Tower in Polibino]], the world's first [[hyperboloid structure]], a water tower by [[Vladimir Shukhov]] at the [[All-Russia exhibition 1896|All-Russian Exposition]] in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], Russia
Worlds First Hyperboloid in Polibino photo by Arssenev.jpg|The [[Shukhov Tower in Polibino]]
Worlds First hyperboloid Shukhov Tower by Faberge.jpg|A [[Carl Faberge]] miniature silver model replica of [[Shukhov Tower]], in 1896.
Shukhov Tower photo by Maxim Fedorov. Night.jpg|The [[Shukhov Tower]] in [[Moscow]], Russia
Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret-113542.jpg|''House of Culture'', nicknamed "Le Volcan" by its Brazilian architect, [[Oscar Niemeyer]], Le Havre, France, 1982
Bridge over Corporation Street - geograph.org.uk - 809089.jpg|The [[Corporation Street Bridge]] in [[Manchester]], England
Musée BMW 007.jpg|[[BMW Welt]], a museum and event venue at the [[Olympic Park]], [[Munich]], Germany, designed by [[Wolf D. Prix]] and architect firm [[Coop Himmelb(l)au]]
Guangzhou Tower.jpg|The [[Canton Tower]] in [[Guangzhou]], China
Stamps of Kazakhstan, 2010-08.jpg|The [[Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center]], a daytime computer [[Architectural rendering|render]] on a [[postage stamp]].
Tachov - rozhledna Vysoká (1).JPG|The Vysoká Tower in [[Tachov]], Czech Republic
Водонапорная башня в поселке Луговая.JPG|Shukhov's hyperpoloid water tower in Lobnya-Lugovaya near [[Moscow]]
Shuhov tower Nikolaev.jpg|Shukhov water tower in [[Mykolaiv]], Ukraine
Space Needle 2011-07-04.jpg|[[Space Needle]], [[Seattle]], United States
Pseudosphaera1.jpg|Pseudosphaera statue in [[Târgu Mureş]]
Our Zuo table.jpg|Our Zuo table
3D dual use.jpg|[[3D-printed]] dual-use pen/toothbrush holder-cup. Printed on [[Ultimaker 2]]
Spaghetti spiral, 2008.jpg|[[Spaghetti]] spiral
Nagoya Station (1043).JPG|Hyperboloid metallic monument near [[Nagoya]] Station in Japan
Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg|[[Vukovar]] water tower, Croatia
</gallery>

==Gallery of hyperboloid ship masts==

<gallery class="center" widths="150px" heights="200px">
 Image:Imperator Pavel battleship.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on Russian [[Andrei Pervozvanny-class battleship|''Andrei Pervozvanny''-class]] battleships, like the "Imperator Pavel" (Emperor Paul I), early June 1912.
 Image:ImperatorPavel-postcard.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on [[Andrei Pervozvanny-class battleship|''Andrei Pervozvanny''-class]] battleships, like the Imperator Pavel I, underway, on this postcard circa 1917.
 Image:Pervozvanny class diagrams Brasseys 1912.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on [[Andrei Pervozvanny-class battleship|''Andrei Pervozvanny''-class]] battleships, illustrated plans from [[Brassey's Naval Annual]] 1912.

 Image:Arizona (BB39) Port Bow, Underway - NARA - 5900075 - 1930.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}}, underway circa 1917–1929, prior to refitting in 1929.
 Image:USS Arizona in New York City Crisco edit.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}}, a view from the [[Manhattan Bridge]] on the [[East River]], in [[New York City]], December 25, 1916.
 Image:USS Arizona (BB-39) 1918.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}}, passing the 96th St. Pier in [[New York City]], circa December 26, 1918.
 Image:U.S.S. Arizona in lock, Panama.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}}, in lock, [[Panama]], 1921.
 Image:USS Arizona (BB-39) - NH 86101.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}}, with the ship's complement posing on her forecastle, forward turrets and superstructure, circa 1924.

 Image:USS New Mexico BB-40 1921.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|New Mexico|BB-40|6}}, in 1921, prior to refitting in 1931.

 Image:USS Oklahoma BB-37.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Oklahoma|BB-37|6}}, at anchor wearing experimental [[camouflage]], circa 1917, prior to refitting in 1927–1929.
 Image:USS Oklahoma (BB-37) sea trials 1916.JPG|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|Oklahoma|BB-37|6}}, under way during her sea trials, in "[[Popular Mechanics]]" Magazine, March 1916.
 Image:Uss oklahoma bb.jpg|Hyperboloid towers of {{USS|Oklahoma|BB-37|6}}, 1920.

 Image:Uss west virginia bb.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|West Virginia|BB-48|6}}, in [[San Francisco Bay]] circa 1934, prior to refitting in 1942–1944.
 Image:USS WEST VIRGINIA aflame Nara 80-G-19947.png|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|West Virginia|BB-48|6}} aflame at [[Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941.
 Image:USS West Virginia2.jpg|Hyperboloid mast towers were on the {{USS|West Virginia|BB-48|6}} aflame at [[Pearl Harbor]] on December 7, 1941, and a small boat rescues a seaman.
 Image:USS West Virginia sunk-Pearl Harbor-7Dec41.jpg|Hyperboloid towers of {{USS|West Virginia|BB-48|6}}, [[Pearl Harbor]], 1941.
</gallery>

==See also==
* {{portal-inline|Architecture}}

==Notes==
{{Commons category|Hyperboloid structures}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Hyperboloid Structures}}
[[Category:Structural system]]
[[Category:Hyperboloid structures]]