View source for List of historical states of Italy

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{{History of Italy}}
[[Italy (geographical region)|Italy]], up until [[Unification of Italy|its unification]] in 1861, was a conglomeration of [[Italian city-states|city-states]], republics, and other independent entities. The following is a list of the various Italian states during that period. Following the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]] and the arrival of the Middle Ages (in particular from the [[11th century]]), the Italian Peninsula was divided into numerous states. Many of these states consolidated into major political units that balanced the power on the Italian Peninsula: the [[Papal States]], the [[Venetian Republic]], the [[Republic of Florence]], the [[Duchy of Milan]], the [[Kingdom of Naples]] and the [[Kingdom of Sicily]]. Unlike all the other Italian states of the medieval and early modern period, the republics of Venice and [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]], thanks to their maritime power, went beyond territorial conquests within the Italian Peninsula, conquering various regions across the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Black Sea]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Europe's Middle Ages - Italy's City-States|url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Phil%20281b/Philosophy%20of%20Magic/Dante.%20etc/Philosophers/End/c-states.html|access-date=2021-09-10|website=www.faculty.umb.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bragadin|first=Marc'Antonio|title=Storia delle repubbliche marinare|year=2010 |publisher=Odoya|isbn=978-8862880824|language=it}}</ref>

==Ancient Italy==
{{main|List of ancient peoples of Italy}}
[[File:Iron Age Italy.svg|thumb|Ethnolinguistic map of Italy in the [[Iron Age]], before the [[Roman expansion in Italy]].]]
[[File:Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png|thumb|460px|{{legend|#b23938|The [[Roman Empire]] at its greatest extent, 117 AD}}]]
The ancient peoples of Italy are broadly referred to in historiography as [[Italic peoples]], although in modern linguistics this term is used to define only the speakers of the [[Italic languages]], namely the Latino-Faliscans and the Osco-Umbrians. They include:
* [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscans]]
* Italic peoples in the strict sense:
** [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscans]]:
*** [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latins]]
**** [[Roman people|Romans]]
***** [[Roman Kingdom]]
*****[[Roman Republic]]
*****[[Roman Empire]]
*****[[Western Roman Empire]]
*** [[Falisci]]
** [[Osco-Umbrian languages|Osco-Umbrians]], also called [[Sabellians]]:
*** Umbrians
**** [[Marsi]]
**** [[Umbri]]
**** [[Volsci]]
*** Oscans
**** [[Marrucini]]
**** [[Osci]]
***** [[Aurunci]]
***** [[Ausones]]
***** [[Campanians]]
**** [[Paeligni]]
**** [[Sabines]]
*** Samnitics
**** [[Bruttii]]
**** [[Frentani]]
**** [[Lucanians|Lucani]]
**** [[Samnites]]
***** [[Pentri]]
***** [[Caraceni (tribe)|Caraceni]]
***** [[Caudini]]
***** [[Hirpini]]
*** Others:
**** [[Aequi]]
**** [[Fidenae|Fidenates]]
**** [[Hernici]]
**** [[Picentes]]
**** [[Vestini]]
**** [[Sicels]]
**** [[Venetic language|Venetics]]
* [[Ligures]]
* [[Sardinians]]
* Greek colonies in [[Magna Graecia]]
*[[Phoenicia|Phoenician]] settlements in [[insular Italy]]
*[[Ancient Carthage|Carthaginian]] settlements in [[insular Italy]]
*[[Cisalpine Gaul]]s

==Early Middle Ages==
* [[Odoacer#Duke of Italy|Kingdom of Italy]]
* [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]]<ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cassiodorus/varia2.shtml Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator, ''Variae'', Lib. II., XLI. Luduin regi Francorum Theodericus rex.]</ref>
* [[Kingdom of the Lombards|Lombard Kingdom]]
* [[Duchy of Rome]] (under the [[Byzantine Empire]])
* [[Exarchate of Ravenna]] (under the Byzantine Empire)
* [[Exarchate of Africa|Exarchate of Carthage]] (under the Byzantine Empire)
* [[Sicily (theme)|Thema of Sicily]] (under the Byzantine Empire)
* [[Catepanate of Italy]] (under the Byzantine Empire)
* {{Flagicon image|Lombard Calvary cross potent (transparent).png}} [[Duchy of Benevento]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Irslingen.png}} [[Duchy of Spoleto]]
* [[Duchy of Naples]]
* [[Papal States]]
* [[Republic of Venice]]

==High Middle Ages==
[[File:Italy 1000 AD.svg|thumb|300px|Political map of Italy in the year 1000]]
[[File:Southern Italy 1112.svg|thumb|300px|Political map of Southern Italy in the year 1112]]

=== States in Central and Northern Italy ===
* [[Papal States]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Venice (Mid-14th century).svg}} [[Republic of Venice]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Genoa.svg}} [[Republic of Genoa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg}} [[Republic of Pisa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Florence.svg}} [[Republic of Florence]]
* {{Flagicon image|Merchant Flag of the Republic of Lucca (13th century-1799).svg}} [[Republic of Lucca]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Siena.svg}} [[Republic of Siena]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg}} [[Republic of Ancona]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg}} [[Republic of Noli]]
* {{Flagicon image|Secondary flag of Republic of Ragusa.svg}} [[Republic of Ragusa]]
* [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]

=== [[List of south Italian principalities|States in Southern Italy]] ===
* {{Flagicon image|Lombard Calvary cross potent (transparent).png}} [[Duchy of Benevento|Principality of Benevento]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Principato Citra.svg}} [[Principality of Salerno]]
* [[Catepanate of Italy]] (under the [[Byzantine Empire]])
* [[Principality of Capua]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Gaeta (10th century).svg}} [[Duchy of Gaeta]]
* [[Duchy of Naples]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Amalfi.svg}} [[Duchy of Amalfi]]
* {{Flagicon image|Sorrento-Stemma.svg}} [[Duchy of Sorrento]]
* {{Flagicon image|Rectangular green flag.svg}} [[Emirate of Sicily]] (under the [[Fatimid Caliphate]])
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Roger I of Sicily.svg}} [[County of Sicily]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Robert Guiscard.svg}} [[County of Apulia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Robert Guiscard.svg}} [[Duchy of Apulia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Robert Guiscard.svg}} [[Duchy of Calabria]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Robert Guiscard.svg}} [[Duchy of Apulia and Calabria]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sicily (Hohenstaufen).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sicily]]

===States of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]===
[[File:Member Cities of the Lombard Leagues.png|alt=|thumb|403x403px|Map of city-states or communes participating in the first and second Lombard League, during the 12th and 13th centuries]]
* {{Flagicon image|Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1430-1806).svg}} [[Kingdom of Italy (medieval)|Kingdom of Italy]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of the house of Canossa.svg}} [[March of Tuscany]]
* {{Flagicon image|March of Verona and Aquileia.svg}} [[March of Verona]]
* [[March of Treviso]]
* [[March of Ivrea]] (Before turning into the [[Commune of Ivrea]]) 
* [[March of Turin]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Montferrat.svg}} [[March of Montferrat]]
* [[March of Genoa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Bandiere dal Friûl.svg}} [[Patriarchate of Aquileia (state)|Patriarchate of Aquileia]] (including [[March of Friuli]] and [[March of Istria]])
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Irslingen.png}} [[Duchy of Spoleto]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Brixen.png}} [[Bishopric of Brixen]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Trient.png}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent|Bishopric of Trent]]
* [[Acqui Terme|Bishopric of Acqui]]
* [[Acqui Terme|Commune of Acqui]]
* [[Alba, Piedmont|Commune of Alba]]
* [[Alessandria|Commune of Alessandria]]
* [[Arezzo|Commune of Arezzo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bergamo.svg
}} [[Bergamo|Commune of Bergamo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bologna.svg}} [[Commune di Bologna|Commune of Bologna]]
* [[Brescia|Commune of Brescia]]
* [[Camerino|Commune of Camerino]]
* [[Chieri|Commune of Chieri]]
* {{Flagicon image|Bandiera di Como.PNG}} [[Como|Commune of Como]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Crema (13th century–1797).png}} [[Crema, Lombardy|Commune of Crema]]
* {{Flagicon image| Flag of Cremona (Historical).svg

}} [[Cremona|Commune of Cremona]]
* [[Commune of Faenza]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Este (1).svg}} [[Ferrara|Commune of Ferrara]]
* [[Commune of Lodi]]
* [[Mantua|Commune of Mantua]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Milan (1171).svg}}[[Commune of Milan]]
* [[Modena|Commune of Modena]]
* [[Commune of Novara]]
* [[Orvieto|Commune of Orvieto]]
* [[Padua|Commune of Padau]]
* [[Pavia|Commune of Pavia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Parma.svg
}} [[Parma|Commune of Parma]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Perugia.svg
}} [[Perugia|Commune of Perugia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Piacenza-Stemma.svg}} [[Piacenza|Commune of Piacenza]]
* [[Reggio Emilia|Commune of Reggio]] 
* [[San Gimignano|Commune of San Gimignano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason de Savona (Italie).svg
}} [[Savona|Commune of Savona]]
* [[Tortona|Commune of Terdona]]
* [[Treviso|Commune of Treviso]]
* [[Vercelli|Commune of Vercelli]]
* [[Vicenza|Commune of Vicenza]]
* [[Ascoli Piceno|Municipality of Ascoli]]
* {{Flagicon image|Stemma Tizzoni di Desana.jpg}} [[County of Desana]]
* {{Flagicon image|Königsbanner 14Jh.svg}} [[County of Savoy]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the County of Gorizia.svg}} [[County of Görz|County of Gorizia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Marquistate of Saluzzo (14th century-c. 1507).svg}} [[Marquisate of Saluzzo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Ceva.svg}} [[Marquisate of Ceva]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Incisa.svg}} [[Marquisate of Incisa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg}} [[Marquisate of Finale]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Sassari (1259–1323).svg
}} [[Republic of Sassari]]

===[[Sardinian medieval kingdoms|Sardinian Judicates]]===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg}} [[Judicate of Agugliastra|Agugliastra]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Giudicato of Arborea.svg}} [[Judicate of Arborea|Arborea]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Judicate of Cagliari.svg}} [[Judicate of Cagliari|Cagliari]]
* {{Flagicon image|Gallo del Giudicato di Gallura.svg}} [[Judicate of Gallura|Gallura]]
* {{Flagicon image|Torre Merlata del Giudicato di Torres.svg}} [[Judicate of Logudoro|Logudoro]]

==Late Middle Ages==
[[File:Italy 1454 after the Peace of Lodi.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Italy in 1454, right after the [[Peace of Lodi]].]]
[[File:Italy in 1499.png|right|250px|thumb|The Italian Peninsula in 1499.]]

=== Major states ===
* {{Flagicon image|Vexillum2.svg}} [[Papal States]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Venice (Mid-14th century).svg}} [[Republic of Venice]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Florence.svg}} [[Republic of Florence]]
* {{Flagicon image|Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg}} [[Kingdom of Naples]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Milan.png}} [[Duchy of Milan]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Genoa.svg}} [[Republic of Genoa]]

=== Minor states ===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1324-1720).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)|Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica]]
* {{Flagicon image|Kingdom of Sicily naval flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
* {{Flagicon image|Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg}} [[Duchy of Ferrara]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bologna.svg}} [[Bologna|Lordship of Bologna]]
* {{Flagicon image|Manfredi-1.jpg}} [[Manfredi family|Lordship of Faenza]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Lordship of Milan (XIII century-1395).svg}} [[Lordship of Milan]] (before being raised to Duchy in 1395)
* {{Flagicon image|Stemma Nobiliare Carrara.svg
}} [[Lords of Padua|Lordship of Padua]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Perugia.svg
}} [[Perugia|Lordship of Perugia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg}} [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Brixen.png}} [[Bishopric of Brixen|Prince-Bishopric of Brixen]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Trient.png}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of the House of Landi, Piacenza.svg
}} [[Principality of Compiano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason Ville fr Bastia.svg}} [[Marquisate of Bastia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Ceva.svg}} [[Marquisate of Ceva]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg}} [[Marquisate of Finale]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of the House of Malaspina (Spino Fiorito) (2).svg}} [[Marquisate of Fosdinovo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Incisa.svg}} [[Marquisate of Incisa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Margraviate of Mantua (1328–1575).svg}} [[Marquisate of Mantua]]
* {{Flagicon image|It massa.png}} [[Marquisate of Massa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Marquistate of Saluzzo (14th century-c. 1507).svg}} [[Marquisate of Saluzzo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Montferrat.svg}} [[Marquisate of Montferrat]]
* {{Flagicon image|Asti bandiera.svg}} [[County of Asti]]
* [[County of Cocconato]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Da Coreggio (2).svg}} [[County of Correggio]]
* {{Flagicon image|Stemma Tizzoni di Desana.jpg}} [[County of Desana]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the County of Gorizia.svg}} [[County of Görz|County of Gorizia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua.svg}} [[County of Guastalla]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Masserano (1614-1701).svg}} [[County of Masserano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Pico della Mirandola (1311-1432) (early).svg}} [[County of Mirandola]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason famille Torelli.svg}} [[County of Montechiarugolo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Stemma gonzaga.jpg
}} [[Novellara|County of Novellara]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason fam it Orsini.svg}} [[County of Pitigliano]]
* {{Flagicon image|CoA Sforza.svg}} [[County of Santa Fiora]]
* {{Flagicon image|Königsbanner 14Jh.svg}} [[County of Savoy]] (raised to [[Duchy of Savoy]] in 1416)
** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the County of Nice.svg}} [[County of Nice]] (in [[personal union]] with Savoy)
* [[County of Scandiano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of the House of Aldobrandeschi.svg}} [[County of Sovana]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Lascaris di Ventimiglia.svg}} [[County of Tende]]
* {{Flagicon image|Banner of Arms of the Duchy of Urbino.svg}} [[County of Urbino]] (raised to [[Duchy of Urbino]] in 1443)
* [[County of Correggio]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason de Savona (Italie).svg
}} [[Savona|Commune of Savona]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Golden Ambrosian Republic.svg}} [[Golden Ambrosian Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg}} [[Republic of Ancona]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cospaia.svg}} [[Republic of Cospaia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Merchant Flag of the Republic of Lucca (13th century-1799).svg}} [[Republic of Lucca]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg}} [[Republic of Noli]]
* {{Flagicon image|St. Blaise - State Flag of the Ragusan Republic.svg}} [[Republic of Ragusa]]
* [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]
* [[Senarica|Republic of Senarica]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Siena.svg}} [[Republic of Siena]]
* [[Papal States|Rebel city-states in Papal States]]

==After the Italian Wars==
[[File:Itàlia - Fin dei Guèrras d'Itàlia (1559).png|thumb|Map of Italy in 1559 after the [[Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)|Treaties of Cateau-Cambrésis]]. Possessions and [[Viceroyalties]] of the Spanish Habsburgs in yellow. [[Imperial fiefs in Italy]] of the Austrian Habsburgs in red borders.]]
The [[Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)|Peace of Cateau Cambrésis]] ended the [[Italian Wars]] in 1559. The kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], [[Sardinia]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]] (inclusive of the [[State of Presidi]]) and the [[Duchy of Milan]] were left under the control of Spanish Habsburgs. France was in control of several fortresses and in particular of the [[Marquisate of Saluzzo]]. All the other Italian states remained independent, with the most powerful being the [[Venetian Republic]], the Medici's [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Duchy of Tuscany]], the [[Savoyard state]], the [[Republic of Genoa]], and the [[Papal States]]. The [[House of Gonzaga|Gonzaga]] in Mantua, the [[House of Este|Este]] in Modena and Ferrara and the [[House of Farnese|Farnese]] in Parma and Piacenza continued to be important dynasties. Parts of the north of Italy remained a part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burman|first=Edward|title=Italian Dynasties: Great Families of Italy from the Renaissance to the Present Day|publisher=Equation; First Edition|year=1989|isbn=1853360058|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Christine Shaw|first=Michael Mallett|title=The Italian Wars 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe|publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis {{!}} European history|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-Cateau-Cambresis|access-date=2020-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

=== Major states ===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Papal States, ca. 1523.svg}} [[Papal States]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Republic of Venice (1659-1675).svg}} [[Republic of Venice]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1562-1737) - type 2.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg}} [[Kingdom of Naples]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Genoa.svg}} [[Republic of Genoa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Savoie.svg}} [[Duchy of Savoy]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg}} [[Duchy of Milan]]

=== Minor states ===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1324-1720).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica|Kingdom of Sardinia]] (under Spanish rule)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Sicily.svg}} [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Brixen.png}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Brixen]]
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Trient.png}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of the House of Landi, Piacenza.svg
}} [[Compiano|Principality of Compiano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Bandiera Appiani.svg}} [[Principality of Piombino]]
* {{Flagicon image|Lozenge flag of Monaco.svg}} [[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]]
* [[Principality of Bozollo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg}} [[Duchy of Mantua]]
* {{Flagicon image|Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg}} [[Duchy of Ferrara]]
** {{Flagicon image|Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg}} [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]] (In [[personal union]] with Ferrara)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg}} [[Duchy of Parma|Duchy of Parma and Piacenza]]
** {{Flagicon image|Duchy of Castro CoA.svg}} [[Duchy of Castro]] (in personal union with Parma)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Duchy of Urbino.svg}} [[Duchy of Urbino]]
* [[Arquata Scrivia|Marquisate of Arquata]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason Ville fr Bastia.svg}} [[Marquisate of Bastia]]
* [[Marquisate of Castiglione]] (raised to [[Principality of Castiglione]] in 1609)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg}} [[Marquisate of Finale]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of the House of Malaspina (Spino Fiorito) (2).svg}} [[Marquisate of Fosdinovo]]
* {{Flagicon image|It massa.png}} [[Marquisate of Massa]] (raised to [[Principality of Massa]] in 1568)
** [[Marquisate of Carrara]] (in personal union with Massa)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Masserano (1614-1701).svg}} [[Marquisate of Masserano]] (raised to [[Principality of Masserano]] in 1598)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Montferrat.svg}} [[Marquisate of Montferrat]] (raised to [[Duchy of Montferrat]] in 1574; in personal union with Mantua)
* {{Flagicon image|Sabbioneta, stemma ducale.jpg}} [[Marquisate of Sabbioneta]] (raised to [[Duchy of Sabbioneta]] in 1577)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Torriglia (1547-1797).svg}} [[Marquisate of Torriglia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Da Coreggio (4).svg}} [[County of Correggio]] (raised to [[Principality of Correggio]] in 1616)
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua.svg}} [[County of Guastalla]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Orsini_(2).svg}} [[County of Pitigliano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Duchy of Mirandola.svg}} [[County of Mirandola]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason famille Torelli.svg}} [[County of Montechiarugolo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Gonzaga-Novellara.svg}} [[County of Novellara|County of Novellara and Bagnolo]]
* {{Flagicon image|CoA Sforza.svg}} [[County of Santa Fiora]]
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of the house of Lascaris di Ventimiglia.svg}} [[County of Tende]]
* [[County of Correggio]] (raised to Duchy of Coreggio in 1630)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg}} [[Hospitaller Malta|Monastic State of the Order of Malta]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg}} [[Republic of Ancona]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cospaia.svg}} [[Republic of Cospaia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Merchant Flag of the Republic of Lucca (13th century-1799).svg}} [[Republic of Lucca]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg}} [[Republic of Noli]]
* {{Flagicon image|St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.svg}} [[Republic of Ragusa]]
* [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]

==After the Wars of Succession of the 18th century==
[[File:Italian States in 1789.png|thumb|397x397px|Political map of Italy in the year 1789]]

During the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1701-1714), Savoy acquired Sicily, while the remaining Spanish dominions in Italy (Naples, Sardinia, and Milan) were taken over by the Austrian Habsburgs. In 1720, Savoy exchanged Sicily for Sardinia. Following the extinction of the [[House of Medici]], the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was ruled by the [[Habsburg-Lorraine]]. Later on, Southern Italy passed to a cadet branch of the [[House of Bourbon]], known as [[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]. Other states such as Genoa, Venice, Modena, the Papal States and Lucca remained with their governments unchanged.

=== Major states ===
* [[Papal States]]
* [[Kingdom of Naples]] (under the [[Habsburg monarchy]] from 1714 to 1735; in [[personal union]] with Sicily under the [[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] thereafter)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] (under Habsburg-Lorraine after 1737)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Milan.svg}} [[Duchy of Milan]] (under Habsburg Monarchy)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Savoie.svg}} [[Duchy of Savoy]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Genoa.svg}} [[Republic of Genoa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Republic of Venice (1659-1675).svg}} [[Republic of Venice]]

=== Minor states ===
* {{Flagicon image|State Flag of the Savoyard States (late 16th - late 18th century).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] (under [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)|Austrian monarchy from 1714 to 1720]]; [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|in personal union with Savoy]] thereafter)
* {{Flagicon image|Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg}} [[Kingdom of Sicily]] ([[Kingdom of Sicily under Savoy|under Savoy]] from 1713 to 1720; under Austrian monarchy from 1720 to 1734; in personal union with Naples under the [[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] thereafter)
* {{Flagicon image|Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg}} [[Duchy of Mantua]] (under [[House of Gonzaga]] until 1708, Austrian Monarchy thereafter)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg}} [[Duchy of Parma and Piacenza]] (under Habsburg Monarchy from 1734 to 1748, under [[House of Bourbon-Parma]] thereafter)
* {{Flagicon image|Arms of Ferrante II Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla.svg}} [[Duchy of Guastalla]] (in personal union with Parma from 1748)
* {{Flagicon image|Ducado de Modena (antes de 1830).svg}} [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]] [[File:Italy 1796.svg|360x360px|thumb|Political map of Italy in the year 1796]]
* 
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Massa and Carrara.png}} [[Duchy of Massa and Carrara]] (in personal union with Modena from 1731)
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Duchy of Mirandola.svg}} [[Duchy of Mirandola]] (in personal union with Modena from 1710)
* {{Flagicon image|Wappen Bistum Brixen.png}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Brixen]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Trento.svg}} [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Masserano (1701-1767).svg}} [[Principality of Masserano]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of the House of Doria.svg}} [[Principality of Torriglia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Piombino (1701-1801).svg}} [[Principality of Piombino]]
* {{Flagicon image|Lozenge flag of Monaco.svg}} [[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Montferrat.svg}} [[Duchy of Montferrat]], to [[House of Savoy]] from 1708
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of the House of Malaspina (Spino Fiorito) (2).svg}} [[Marquisate of Fosdinovo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Blason Ville fr Bastia.svg}} [[Marquisate of Bastia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Merchant Flag of the Republic of Lucca (13th century-1799).svg}} [[Republic of Lucca]]
* [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]
* {{Flagicon image|St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.svg}} [[Republic of Ragusa]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg}} [[Republic of Noli]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cospaia.svg}} [[Republic of Cospaia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg}} [[Corpus separatum (Fiume)|City of Fiume and its District]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg}} [[Hospitaller Malta|Monastic State of the Order of Malta]]

Their populations and other vital statistics stood as follows in the late 18th century:<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qHE_AQAAMAAJ&q=in+1796%2C+when+the+french+entered+italy%2C+that+fine+country+was+divided+into+several+states&pg=RA1-PA201 Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor, Vol. 3]. Emmanuel-Auguste-Dieudonne comte de Las Cases. 1816.</ref>
* [[Kingdom of Naples]] (including Sicily): 6,000,000 (400,000 in Naples), army of 60,000 to 80,000, 2 ships of the lines and some frigates
* [[Republic of Venice]]: 3,500,000 (140,000 in the city of Venice itself), standing army and navy of 30,000, 12-15 ships of at least 54 guns plus frigates and brigs
* [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]]: 2,900,000 (2,400,000 on the mainland and 500,000 on the island), 12-15 fortified cities and towns (largest being Turin at 80,000), standing army of 25,000, which could be raised to 50,000 in a time of war and 100,000 with militia
* [[Papal States]]: 2,400,000 (140,000 in the city of Rome), standing army of 6,000 to 7,000
* Austrian Lombardy ([[Duchy of Milan]], [[Duchy of Mantua]], and minor territories): 1,100,000 (40,000 in the city of Milan itself)
* [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]: 1,000,000 (80,000 in Florence), standing army of 6,000, navy of 3 frigates
* [[Republic of Genoa]]: 500,000 (100,000 in the city of Genoa itself)
* [[Duchy of Parma]]: 500,000 (40,000 in the city of Parma itself), standing army of 2,500 to 3,000
* [[Duchy of Modena]]: 350,000 (20,000 in the city of Modena itself), standing army of 5,000 to 6,000
* [[Republic of Lucca]]: 100,000
'''Total:''' 18.3 million

==During Napoleonic times (1792–1815)==
[[File:Italy c 1810.png|right|300px|thumb|Political map of Italy in the year 1810]]

===Sister republics of Revolutionary France===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Alba.svg}} [[Republic of Alba]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Repubblica Anconitana.svg}} [[Anconine Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Astese Republic (1797).png}} [[Asti#French and Savoyard domination|Astese Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Italy cockade.svg|border=no|size=22px}} [[Republic of Bergamo]]
* [[Bolognese Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Italy cockade.svg|border=no|size=22px}} [[Republic of Brescia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg}} [[Cisalpine Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Cispadane Republic.svg}} [[Cispadane Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Crema.svg}} [[Republic of Crema]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg}} [[Italian Republic (Napoleonic)|Italian Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Genoa.svg}} [[Ligurian Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Lucca (1799-1801).svg}} [[Republic of Lucca|Jacobin State of Lucca]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Parthenopaean Republic.svg}} [[Parthenopean Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Pescara.svg}} [[Republic of Pescara]]
* [[Piedmontese Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Repubblica Romana 1798.svg}} [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]]
* [[Subalpine Republic]]
* [[Tiberina Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Repubblica Transpadana.svg}} [[Transpadane Republic]]

===Client states of the First French Empire===
* {{Flagicon image|Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg}} [[Kingdom of Etruria]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.svg}} [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Naples (1811).svg}} [[Kingdom of Naples]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg}} [[Principality of Lucca and Piombino]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of Arms of Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (Empire).svg}} [[Principality of Benevento (Napoleonic)|Principality of Benevento]]
* {{Flagicon image|Coat of arms of Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte.svg}} [[Principality of Pontecorvo]]

===Other states===
* {{Flagicon image|State Flag and War Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]]
* [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
* {{Flagicon image|Bandiera Elba.svg}} [[Principality of Elba]] (non-hereditary Monarchy under the exiled Emperor Napoleon)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cospaia.svg}} [[Republic of Cospaia]]
* [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]

==From the restoration to the unification==
[[File:Italy 1843.svg|right|300px|thumb|Political map of Italy in the year 1843]]
Following the defeat of Napoleon's France, the [[Congress of Vienna]] (1815) was convened to redraw the European continent. In Italy, the Congress restored the pre-Napoleonic patchwork of independent governments, either directly ruled or strongly influenced by the prevailing European powers, particularly Austria. The Congress also determined the end of two millenary republics: Genoa was annexed by the then Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia, and Venice was incorporated with Milan into a new kingdom of the Austrian Empire.

At the time, the struggle for Italian unification was perceived to be waged primarily against the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]], since they directly controlled the predominantly Italian-speaking northeastern part of present-day Italy and were the most powerful force against the Italian unification. The Austrian Empire vigorously repressed nationalist sentiment growing in its domains on the Italian Peninsula, as well as in the other parts of Habsburg domains.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg}} [[Papal States]]
* {{Flagicon image|State Flag and War Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg}} [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg}} [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lombardy–Venetia_(1815–1866).svg}} [[Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia]] (under [[Austrian Empire]])
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Illyria.svg}} [[Kingdom of Illyria (1816–1849)|Kingdom of Illyria]] (under Austrian Empire)
* {{Flagicon image|State flag simple of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Duchy of Parma (1851-1859).svg}} [[Duchy of Parma|Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla]]
* {{Flagicon image|State Flag of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1830-1859).svg}} [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Massa and Carrara.png}} [[Duchy of Massa and Carrara]]
* {{Flagicon image|Third Flag of the Duchy of Lucca.svg}} [[Duchy of Lucca]]
* {{Flagicon image|Lozenge flag of Monaco.svg}} [[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of San Marino (pre–2011, civil).svg}} [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]
* {{Flagicon image|Carbonari.svg}}[[Republic of Benevento]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Pontecorvo.svg}}[[Republic of Pontecorvo]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cospaia.svg}}[[Republic of Cospaia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of San Marco.svg}} [[Republic of San Marco]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Roman Republic (19th century).svg}} [[Roman Republic (19th century)|Roman Republic]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} [[United Provinces of Central Italy]]

==Post-unification==
[[File:Kingdom of Italy - 1871.png|right|300px|thumb|[[Kingdom of Italy]] in 1871, after the [[Capture of Rome]]]]
[[File:Kingdom of Italy 1924 map.svg|right|300px|thumb|[[Kingdom of Italy]] in 1924, after [[World War I]]]]
* {{Flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Kingdom of Italy]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of San Marino (1862–2011).svg}} [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]
* {{Flagicon image|Labaro_Reggenza_Italiana_del_Carnaro.svg|size=17px}} [[Italian Regency of Carnaro]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg}} [[Free State of Fiume]]
* {{Flagicon|Italian Social Republic}} [[Italian Social Republic]]
* {{Flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Kingdom of the South]]
* {{Flagicon image|Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg}} [[Free Territory of Trieste]]

==Italian Partisan Republics==
The '''[[Italian Partisan Republics]]''' were the provisional state entities liberated by [[Italian resistance movement|Italian partisans]] from the rule and occupation of [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Italian Social Republic]] in 1944 during the [[Second World War]]. They were universally short-lived, with most of them being reconquered by the [[Wehrmacht]] within weeks of their formal establishments and re-incorporated into the Italian Social Republic.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Alba (1944)|Republic of Alba]] (10 October – 2 November)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Alto Monferrato]] (September – 2 December)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Alto Tortonese]] (September – December)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Bobbio]] (7 July – 27 August)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Cansiglio]] (July – September)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Carnia]] (26 September – 10 October)
* {{Flagicon image|Bandiera delle Brigate Garibaldi partigiane (1943-1945).svg}} {{ill|Republic of Carniola|it|Repubblica partigiana del Corniolo}} (2 February – March)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Oriental Friuli]] (30 June – September)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Pigna (IM)]] (18 September – 8 October)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Langhe]] (September – November)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}}{{ill|Republic of Montefiorino|it|Repubblica partigiana di Montefiorino}} (17 June – 1 August)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Italian Partisan Republic of Ossola.svg}} [[Republic of Ossola]] (10 September – 23 October)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} {{ill|Republic of Torriglia|it|Repubblica di Torriglia}} (26 June – 27 November)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Ceno Valley]] (10 June – 11 July)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Enza Valley and the Parma Valley]] (June – July)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Maira Valley and the Varaita Valley]] (June – 21 August)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} {{ill|Republic of the Taro Valley|it|Repubblica partigiana della Val Taro}} (15 June – 24 July)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Lanzo Valley]] (25 June – September)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of the Sesia Valley]] (11 June – 10 July)
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Republic of Varzi]] (19/24 September – 29 November)

== States since 1929 ==

*{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy|Italian Republic]]
* {{Flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino|Republic of San Marino]]
* {{Flagicon|Vatican City}} [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]]

==See also==
* [[Italian city-states]]
* [[Maritime republics]]
* [[Medieval commune]]
* [[Signoria]]

==References==
<references />

{{Italy topics}}
{{Former monarchies Italian peninsula|state=collapsed}}
{{Risorgimento}}

[[Category:Italy history-related lists|States]]
[[Category:Italian states|*]]
[[Category:Former countries in Europe|*Italy]]
[[Category:Italy geography-related lists|Historic states]]
[[Category:Lists of former countries|Italy]]