View source for List of extinct languages of North America

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}
{{Sources exist|date=July 2023}}
}}
[[File:North America satellite orthographic.jpg|200px|right]]
{{Language Endangerment status}}
This is a '''[[list of extinct languages]] of [[North America]]''', languages which have undergone [[language death]], have no [[native speakers]] and no [[Historical language|spoken descendant]], most of them being languages of former [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] tribes.

There are 217 [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Indigenous]], 2 [[Creole language|Creole]], 3 [[Languages of Europe|European]], 5 [[Sign language|Sign]] and 13 [[Pidgin]] languages listed. In total 240 languages.

==Canada==
'''Indigenous languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Beothuk language|Beothuk]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|6 June 1829
|
|
|-
|[[Laurentian language|Laurentian]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|late 16th century
|
|
|-
|[[Neutral Huron language|Neutral Huron]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|1671
|
|<ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/neutral "The Neutral Confederacy"]. ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''</ref>
|-
|[[Nicola language|Nicola]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|early 20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Pentlatch language|Pentlatch]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|1940
|Revival attempts underway
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maclean's - November 2020 |url=https://magazine.macleans.ca/share/article/2895581a-89e4-45c9-a537-b0511fe1cfcf/c59ce1ca-9ade-4366-9392-d50e34575f12?fbclid=IwAR0m3INF8uh5Qw_qoFU1hcUkO-XFEDZw4DLDChDDbjJ5IlSxAWq7kyeviv0 |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=magazine.macleans.ca |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Petun]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|17th century
|
|
|-
|[[Tagish language|Tagish]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|2008
|
|
|-
|[[Southern Tsimshian dialect|Southern Tsimshian]]
|[[Tsimshianic languages|Tsimshianic]]
|2013
|Revival attempts underway
|<ref name="BCreport2">{{cite report |url=https://fpcc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/FPCC-LanguageReport-180716-WEB.pdf |title=Report on the status of B.C. First Nations Languages |last1=Dunlop |first1=Britt |last2=Gessner |first2=Suzanne |last3=Herbert |first3=Tracey |last4=Parker |first4=Aliana |publisher=First People's Cultural Council |edition=3rd |year=2018}}</ref>
|}
'''European language dialects'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language or dialect name
!Dialect parent language
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Newfoundland Irish]]
|[[Irish language|Irish]]
|[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|20th century 
|
|
|}
'''[[Pidgin]] languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Pidgin parent language(s)
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Algonquian–Basque pidgin]]
|[[Basque language|Basque]], [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]
|approx. 1711
|
|
|-
|[[Haida Jargon]]
|[[Haida language|Haida]]
|1830s
|
|
|-
|[[Inuktitut-English Pidgin]]
|[[Inuktitut]], [[English language|English]]
|1960s
|
|
|-
|[[Labrador Inuit Pidgin French]]
|[[French language|French]], [[Inuktitut]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Nootka Jargon]]
|[[Nuu-chah-nulth language|Nuu-chah-nulth]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Slavey Jargon]]
|[[Slavey language|Slavey]], [[French language|French]]
|19th century
|
|
|}

==Caribbean==
'''Indigenous languages'''
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Locations
!References
|-
|[[Caquetio language|Caquetio]]
|[[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]]
|1862
|[[ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)]]
|
|-
|[[Ciguayo language|Ciguayo]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|16th century
|[[Hispaniola]]
|
|-
|[[Guanahatabey language|Guanahatabey]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|16th century
|[[Cuba]]
|
|-
|[[Kalinago language|Kalinago]]/Island Carib
|[[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]]
|1920s
|[[Windward Islands]] ([[Guadeloupe]] to [[Grenada]], except [[Barbados]])
|
|-
|[[Macorix language|Macorix]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|16th century
|[[Hispaniola]]
|
|-
|[[Shebaya language|Shebaya]]
|[[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]]
|19th century
|[[Trinidad]]
|
|-
|[[Taíno language|Taino]]
|[[Arawakan languages|Arawakan]]
|19th century
|Widespread throughout [[Caribbean]] 
|
|-
|[[Yaio language|Yaio]]
|[[Cariban languages|Cariban]]
|17th century
|[[Trinidad]], [[French Guiana]]
|
|}

==Central America==
'''Indigenous languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Locations
!References
|-
|[[Alagüilac language|Alagüilac]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|before 16th century
|[[Guatemala]]
|
|-
|[[Cacaopera language|Cacaopera]]
|[[Misumalpan languages|Misumalpan]]
|20th century
|[[El Salvador]]
|
|-
|[[Chiquimulilla language|Chiquimulilla]]
|[[Xincan languages|Xincan]]
|1996
|[[Guatemala]]
|
|-
|[[Chʼoltiʼ language|Chʼoltiʼ]]
|[[Mayan languages|Mayan]]
|late 18th century
|[[Guatemala]], [[Belize]]
|
|-
|[[Corobicí language|Corobicí]]
|[[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]]
|(date missing)
|[[Costa Rica]]
|
|-
|[[Cueva language|Cueva]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]] ([[Choco languages|Choco]]?)
|by 1535
|[[Panama]]
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Constela Umaña |first=Adolfo |last2=Margery Peña |first2=Enrique |date=2015-08-31 |title=Elementos de fonología comparada Chocó* |url=https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/filyling/article/view/20972 |journal=Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica |volume=17 |issue=1-2 |pages=137 |doi=10.15517/rfl.v17i1-2.20972 |issn=2215-2628|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
|[[Dorasque language|Dorasque]]
|[[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]]
|(date missing)
|[[Panama]]
|
|-
|[[Huetar language|Huetar]]
|[[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]]
|17th century
|[[Costa Rica]]
|
|-
|[[Guazacapán language|Guazacapán]]
|[[Xincan languages|Xincan]]
|1997
|[[Guatemala]]
|
|-
|[[Jumaytepeque language|Jumaytepeque]]
|[[Xincan languages|Xincan]]
|1997
|[[Guatemala]]
|
|-
|[[Honduran Lenca]]
|[[Lencan languages|Lencan]]
|20th century
|[[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]]
|
|-
|[[Mangue language|Mangue]]/Chorotega
|[[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]]
|19th century
|[[Nicaragua]], [[Honduras]], and [[Costa Rica]]
|
|-
|[[Matagalpa language|Matagalpa]]
|[[Misumalpan languages|Misumalpan]]
|1997
|[[Nicaragua]]
|
|-
|[[Sinacantán language|Sinacantán]]
|[[Xincan languages|Xincan]]
|20th century
|[[Guatemala]]
|
|-
|[[Subtiaba language|Subtiaba]]
|[[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]]
|20th century
|[[Nicaragua]]
|
|-
|[[Voto language|Voto]]
|[[Chibchan languages|Chibchan]]
|(date missing)
|[[Costa Rica]]
|
|-
|[[Western Jicaque language|Western Jicaque]]
|[[Jicaquean languages|Jicaquean]]
|late 19th centuery
|[[Honduras]]
|
|-
|[[Yupiltepeque language|Yupiltepeque]]
|[[Xincan languages|Xincan]]
|1920s
|[[Guatemala]]
|
|}

===Sign languages===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Extinction date
!References
|-
|[[Bribri Sign Language]]
|by 1991
|
|}

==Greenland==
'''European language dialects'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Greenlandic Norse]]
|[[North Germanic language|North Germanic]]
|late 15th or early 16th century
|
|
|}
'''[[Pidgin]] languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Pidgin parent language(s)
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[West Greenlandic Pidgin]] 
|[[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]]
|19th century
|
|
|}

==Mexico==
'''Indigenous languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language or dialect name
!Dialect parent language
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Acaxee]]
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|17-18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Cazcan language|Cazcan]]/Caxcan/Kaskán
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|16th or 17th century
|
|
|-
|[[Chiapanec language|Chiapanec]]
|
|[[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Chicomuceltec language|Chicomuceltec]]
|
|[[Mayan language|Mayan]]
|1970s or 1980s
|
|
|-
|[[Cochimí language|Cochimí]]
|
|[[Yuman–Cochimí languages|Yuman–Cochimí]]
|early 20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Comecrudo language|Comecrudo]]
|
|[[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Cuitlatec language|Cuitlatec]]/Cuitlateco
|
|[[Language isolate]]
|1960s
|
|
|-
|[[Classical Nahuatl|Classical Náhuatl]]
|[[Nahuatl]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan language|Uto-Aztecan]]
| late 16th century
|used as the ''[[lingua franca]]'' of the [[Aztec Empire]] until its collapse
|-
|[[Eudeve language|Eudeve]]
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Mamulique language|Mamulique]]
|
|[[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Maratino language|Maratino]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Monqui#Language|Monqui]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|before 1800
|
|
|-
|[[Naolan language|Naolan]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|1950s
|
|
|-
|[[Otomi language (Jalisco)|Otomi (Jalisco)]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Quinigua language|Quinigua]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Pame languages|Southern Pame]]
|[[Pame languages|Pame]]
|[[Oto-Manguean language|Oto-Manguean]]
|mid 20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Pericú language|Pericú]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|before 1800
|
|
|-
|[[Pochutec language|Pochutec]]
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Solteco Zapotec]]
|[[Zapotec languages|Zapotec]]
|[[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Tapachultec language|Tapachultec]]
|
|[[Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Teojomulco Chatino]]
|[[Chatino language|Chatino]]
|[[Oto-Manguean languages|Oto-Manguean]]
|early 20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Tepecano language|Tepecano]]
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan language|Uto-Aztecan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Tequistlatec language|Tequistlatec]]
|
|[[Tequistlatecan languages|Tequistlatecan]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Tubar language|Tubar]]
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan language|Uto-Aztecan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Waikuri language|Waikuri]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|before 1800
|
|
|-
|[[Xiximes|Xixime]]
|
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|17-18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Zapotec language (Jalisco)|Zapotec (Jalisco)]]
|
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|}

==United States==
===Indigenous languages===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language or dialect name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Achumawi language|Achumawi]]
|[[Palaihnihan languages|Palaihnihan]]
|2013
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Adai language|Adai]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|19th century 
|
|
|-
|[[Ais language|Ais]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Carolina Algonquian language|Carolina Algonquian]]/Pamlico/Croatoan
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|1790s
|
|
|-
|[[Alsea language|Alsea]]/Yaquina 
|[[Language isolate]]
|1942
|Alsea and Yaquina are thought to be either two related languages or two dialects of the same language
|
|-
|[[Apalachee language|Apalachee]]
|[[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]]
|18th century
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Aranama language|Aranama]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Atakapa language|Atakapa]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Gros Ventre language|Atsina]]/Gros Ventre
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|2007
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Atsugewi language|Atsugewi]]
|[[Palaihnihan languages|Palaihnihan]]
|1988
|
|
|-
|[[Awaswas language|Awaswas]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|19th century
|formerly known as "Santa Cruz" 
|
|-
|[[Barbareño language|Barbareño]]/Ineseño
|[[Chumashan languages|Chumashan]]
|1965
|Revival attempts underway. Barbareño and Ineseño may be related dialects of the same language or closely related languages 
|
|-
|[[Bidai language|Bidai]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Biloxi language|Biloxi]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Cahto language|Cahto]]/Kato
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|1960s
|
|
|-
|[[Cahuilla language|Cahuilla]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|by 2024
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Calusa language|Calusa]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Catawba language|Catawba]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|1959
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Cayuse language|Cayuse]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Chalon language|Chalon]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Upper Chehalis language|Upper Chehalis]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|2001
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Lower Chehalis language|Lower Chehalis]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|1990s
|
|
|-
|[[Chemakum language|Chemakum]]/Chimakum/Chimacum
|[[Chimakuan languages|Chimakuan]]
|19th century
|
|-
|[[Chico language|Chico]]/Valley Maidu
|[[Maiduan languages|Maiduan]]
|21st century
|
|
|-
|[[Chimariko language|Chimariko]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1950s
|
|
|-
|[[Chitimacha language|Chitimacha]]/Sitimaxa
|[[Language isolate]]
|1940
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Chiwere language|Chiwere]]/Iowa-Otoe-Missouria/Báxoje-Jíwere-Ñút'achi
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|1996
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Chochenyo language|Chochenyo]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1934
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Coahuilteco language|Coahuilteco]]
|[[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Columbia-Moses language|Columbia-Moses]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|2 May 2023
|Revival attempts underway
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Last Fluent Speaker of Nxamxcin Language Dies at 96 |work=[[The Spokesman-Review|The Spokesman]]|url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2023/may/05/last-fluent-speaker-of-nxamxcin-language-dies-at-9/|date=5 May 2023|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[Cowlitz language|Cowlitz]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|20th century
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Cruzeño language|Cruzeño]]/Isleño/Island Chumash
|[[Chumashan languages|Chumashan]]
|1915
|
|
|-
|[[Cupeño language|Cupeño]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|1987
|
|
|-
|[[Esselen language|Esselen]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Erie language|Erie]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|17th century
|
|
|-
|[[Etchemin language|Etchemin]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|17th century 
|
|
|-
|[[Eyak language|Eyak]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|2008
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Galice language|Galice]]/Galice-Applegate/Upper Rogue River
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|1963
|
|
|-
|[[Halcidhoma language|Halcidhoma]]/Halchidhoma/Xalychidom
|[[Yuman–Cochimí languages|Yuman–Cochimí]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Hanis language|Hanis]]/Coos
|[[Coosan languages|Coosan]]
|1972
|
|
|-
|[[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|2012
|
|
|-
|[[Houma language|Houma]]
|[[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]]
|after 1907
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Central Kalapuya language|Central Kalapuya]]
|[[Kalapuyan languages|Kalapuyan]]
|1954
|
|
|-
|[[Kansa language|Kansa]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|1982
|
|
|-
|[[Karankawa language|Karankawa]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|1858
|
|
|-
|[[Karkin language|Karkin]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1950s
|
|
|-
|[[Kathlamet language|Kathlamet]]
|[[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Kiksht]]/Upper Chinook/Columbia Chinook/Wasco-Wishram
|[[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]]
|2012
|
|
|-
|[[Kitanemuk language|Kitanemuk]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|1940s
|
|
|-
|[[Kitsai language|Kitsai]]
|[[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]]
|1940
|
|
|-
|[[Klallam language|Klallam]]/Clallam/Ns'Klallam/S'klallam
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|2014
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Klamath language|Klamath]]/Klamath–Modoc/Lutuamian
|[[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]]
|2003
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Konomihu language|Konomihu]]
|[[Shastan languages|Shastan]]
|1940s
|
|
|-
|[[Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie language|Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Loup language|Loup]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Lower Chinook]]
|[[Chinookan languages|Chinookan]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Luiseño language|Luiseño]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|2010s
|
|
|-
|[[Lushootseed]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|2008 
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Maidu language|Maidu]]
|[[Maiduan languages|Maiduan]]
|2007
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Makah language|Makah]]
|[[Wakashan languages|Wakashan]]
|2002
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Mandan language|Mandan]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|2016
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Massachusett language|Massachusett]]/Natick/Wôpanâak/Pokanoket/Nonantum/Indian
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|19th century
|Revival attempts underway. As of 2014, 5 children are native speakers, 15 are proficient second-language speakers and 500 are adult second-language learners.<ref name="pbs">[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/we-still-live-here Saskia De Melker, "'We Still Live Here' Traces Comeback of Wampanoag Indian Language"], [[PBS Newshour]], 11-10-2011, accessed 18 November 2011</ref><ref name="Rose">{{cite web |last=Rose |first=Christina |date=2014-02-25 |title=Sleeping Language Waking Up Thanks to Wampanoag Reclamation Project |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/02/25/sleeping-language-waking-thanks-wampanoag-reclamation-project-153715 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305133311/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/02/25/sleeping-language-waking-thanks-wampanoag-reclamation-project-153715 |archive-date=5 March 2014 |access-date=2014-02-26 |website=Indian Country Today Media Network}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Mattole language|Mattole]]/Mattole-Bear River
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Meherrin]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Miami-Illinois language|Miami-Illinois]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|20th century
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Miluk language|Miluk]]/ Lower Coquille
|[[Coosan languages|Coosan]]
|1939
|
|
|-
|[[Mitchigamea language|Mitchigamea]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Bay Miwok language|Bay Miwok]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Coast Miwok language|Coast Miwok]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1970
|
|
|-
|[[Lake Miwok language|Lake Miwok]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1990s
|
|
|-
|[[Northern Sierra Miwok]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1990s
|
|
|-
|[[Plains Miwok language|Plains Miwok]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1990s
|
|
|-
|[[Mohican language|Mohican]]/Mahican
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|1940s
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Mohegan-Pequot language|Mohegan-Pequot]]/Mohegan-Pequot-Montauk/Secatogue/Shinnecock-Poosepatuck
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|1908
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Molala language|Molala]]
|[[Plateau Penutian languages|Plateau Penutian]]
|1958
|
|
|-
|[[Moneton#Language|Moneton]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|late 17th century
|
|
|-
|[[Mutsun language|Mutsun]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1930
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Nanticoke language|Nanticoke]]/[[Piscataway language|Piscataway]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|1840s
|Revival attempts underway. Nanticoke and Piscataway may be related dialects of the same language or closely related languages
|
|-
|[[Nansemond language|Nansemond]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|before 20th century
|May have been Algic
|
|-
|[[Narragansett language|Narragansett]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|18th-19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Natchez language|Natchez]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1957
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Nawathinehena language|Nawathinehena]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Nicoleño#Language|Nicoleño]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|1853
|
|
|-
|[[Nisenan language|Nisenan]]
|[[Maiduan languages|Maiduan]]
|2000s
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Nooksack language|Nooksack]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|1988
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Nomlaki language|Nomlaki]]
|[[Wintuan languages|Wintuan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Northern Kalapuyan language|Northern Kalapuyan]]
|[[Kalapuyan languages|Kalapuyan]]
|1937
|
|
|-
|[[Nottoway language|Nottoway]]/Cheroenhaka
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|1838
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Obispeño language|Obispeño]]
|[[Chumashan languages|Chumashan]]
|1917
|
|
|-
|[[Ofo language|Ofo]] 
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Okwanuchu language|Okwanuchu]]
|[[Shastan languages|Shastan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Osage language|Osage]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|3 November 2005
|As of 2009, 15-20 [[second language|2L]] speakers and ongoing revival 
|<ref name="endangeredlanguages">{{cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/osa|title=Endangered Languages Project - Osage|publisher=endangeredlanguages.com|accessdate=2015-08-16}}</ref><ref name="typepad">{{cite web|url=http://ageoftheosage.typepad.com/blog/2011/09/words-of-the-tribe.html|title=Words of the Tribe - Age of the Osage|publisher=ageoftheosage.typepad.com|accessdate=2015-08-16}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pamunkey language|Pamunkey]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|before 20th century
|May have been Algic
|
|-
|[[Piro Pueblo language|Piro Pueblo]]
|[[Tanoan languages|Tanoan]]
|1900
|
|
|-
|[[Plains Apache language|Plains Apache]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|2008
|
|
|-
|[[Lipan language|Lipan Apache]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|early 21st century
|Presumely
|
|-
|[[Central Pomo language|Central Pomo]]
|[[Pomoan languages|Pomoan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Eastern Pomo language|Eastern Pomo]]/Clear Lake Pomo
|[[Pomoan languages|Pomoan]]
|2007
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Northern Pomo language|Northern Pomo]]
|[[Pomoan languages|Pomoan]]
|2005
|
|
|-
|[[Northeastern Pomo language|Northeastern Pomo]]
|[[Pomoan languages|Pomoan]]
|1961
|
|
|-
|[[Southern Pomo language|Southern Pomo]]
|[[Pomoan languages|Pomoan]]
|2020
|
|
|-
|[[Powhatan language|Powhatan]]/Virginia Algonquian
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Purisimeño language|Purisimeño]]
|[[Chumashan languages|Chumashan]]
|early 20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Quapaw language|Quapaw]]
|[[Siouan language|Siouan]]
|19 April 2022
|
|<ref name="obit">{{cite news |title=Ardina Revard Moore Obituary |url=https://osagenews.org/ardina-revard-moore-obituary/ |access-date=8 May 2022 |work=Osage News |date=21 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Quileute language|Quileute]]
|[[Chimakuan languages|Chimakuan]]
|1999
|
|
|-
|[[Quinault language|Quinault]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|1996
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Quiripi language|Quiripi]]/Mattabesic/Quiripi-Unquachog/Quiripi-Naugatuck/Wampano
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
| 20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Ramaytush language|Ramaytush]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1915
|
|
|-
|[[Rumsen language|Rumsen]]/Rumsien/San Carlos Costanoan/Carmeleno
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|1939
|
|
|-
|[[Salinan language|Salinan]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1958
|
|
|-
|[[Scahentoarrhonon]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|approx. 1652
|
|
|-
|[[Serrano language|Serrano]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|2002
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Shasta language|Shasta]]
|[[Shastan languages|Shastan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[New River Shasta language|New River Shasta]]
|[[Shastan languages|Shastan]]
|1926
|
|
|-
|[[Siuslaw language|Siuslaw]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1960
|
|
|-
|[[Southern Patwin language|Southern Patwin]]
|[[Wintuan languages|Wintuan]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Susquehannock language|Susquehannock]]/Conestoga
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Taensa language|Taensa]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|late 19th century
|Probably Natchez dialect.
|
|-
|[[Takelma language|Takelma]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1934
|
|
|-
|[[Tamien language|Tamien]]
|[[Utian languages|Utian]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Tataviam language|Tataviam]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|1916
|
|
|-
|[[Tawasa language|Tawasa]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|18th century
|Possibly Timucuan dialect.
|
|-
|[[Tillamook language|Tillamook]]
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|1972
|
|
|-
|[[Timucua language|Timucua]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|18th century
|
|
|-
|[[Tongva language|Tongva]]/Gabrielino/Gabrieleño
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|20th century
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Tonkawa language|Tonkawa]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|1940s
|
|
|-
|[[Tübatulabal language|Tübatulabal]]
|[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]]
|2008
|Revival attempts underway<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.csulb.edu/colleges/cla/projects/lingresearch/pahka%27anil/|title=Pahka'anil (Tübatulabal) Text Project - Home|website=web.csulb.edu}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Tunica language|Tunica]]/Luhchi Yoroni/Tonica/Yuron
|[[Language isolate]]
|1948
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Tuscarora language|Tuscarora]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|2020
|
|
|-
|[[Tutelo language|Tutelo]]/Tutelo–Saponi
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|1982
|
|
|-
|[[Tututni language|Tututni]]/(Lower) Rogue River/Upper Coquille/Nuu-wee-ya
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|1983
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Twana language|Twana]]/Skokomish 
|[[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
|1980
|
|
|-
|[[Upper Umpqua language|Upper Umpqua]]
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|1950s
|
|
|-
|[[Unami language|Unami]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|2002
|
|
|-
|[[Ventureño language|Ventureño]]
|[[Chumashan languages|Chumashan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Wailaki language|Wailaki]]/Eel River Athabaskan
|[[Na-Dene languages|Na-Dene]]
|1960s
|
|
|-
|[[Wappo language|Wappo]]
|[[Yuki–Wappo languages|Yuki–Wappo]]
|1990
|
|
|-
|[[Wenrohronon#Language|Wenro]]
|[[Iroquoian languages|Iroquoian]]
|17th century
|
|
|-
|[[Wichita language|Wichita]]
|[[Caddoan languages|Caddoan]]
|2016
|
|
|-
|[[Wintu language|Wintu]]
|[[Wintuan languages|Wintuan]]
|2003
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Wiyot language|Wiyot]]/Wishosk/Soulatluk 
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|1962
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Woccon language|Woccon]]
|[[Siouan languages|Siouan]]
|early 18th century
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Yana language|Yana]]/Yanan
|[[Language isolate]]
|1916
|
|
|-
|[[Yoncalla language|Yoncalla]]/Southern Kalapuya/Yonkalla
|[[Kalapuyan languages|Kalapuyan]]
|1930s
|
|
|-
|[[Yuchi language|Yuchi]]
|[[Language isolate]]
|August 27, 2021
|Revival attempts underway
|
|-
|[[Yuki language|Yuki]]/Ukomno'm
|[[Yuki–Wappo languages|Yuki–Wappo]]
|1983
|
|
|-
|[[Yurok language|Yurok]]/Chillula/Mita/Pekwan/Rikwa/Sugon/Weitspek/Weitspekan
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|2013
|Revival attempts underway
|
|}

===European languages or dialects===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!References
|-
|[[Jersey Dutch language|Jersey Dutch]]
|[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|20th century
|
|}

===[[Creole languages]] or dialects===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Creole parent language(s)
!Extinction date
!References
|-
|[[Mohawk Dutch language|Mohawk Dutch]]
|[[Dutch creole]] and [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]]
|19-20th century
|
|}

===[[Pidgin]] languages===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Pidgin parent language(s)
!Extinction date
!References
|- 
|[[Broken Oghibbeway]]
|Ottawa [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] and [[Fox language|Fox]]
|after 1820s
|-
|[[Pidgin Delaware]]
|[[Delaware languages|Delaware]]
|19th century
|
|-
|[[Massachusett Pidgin]]
|[[Massachusett language|Massachusett]]
|early 18th century
|
|-
|[[Massachusett Pidgin English]]
|[[English language|English]] and [[Massachusett language|Massachusett]]
|early 19th century
|
|-
|[[Mobilian Jargon]]
|[[Muskogean language|Muskogean]]
|1950s
|
|}

===Sign languages===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Extinction date
!References
|-
|[[Henniker Sign Language]]
|20th century
|
|-
|[[Martha's Vineyard Sign Language]]
|1952
|
|-
|[[Plateau Sign Language]]
|18th century
|
|-
|[[Sandy River Valley Sign Language]]
|19th century
|
|}

===U.S. Virgin Islands===
'''Creole languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Creole parent language(s)
!Extinction date
!References
|-
|[[Negerhollands]]
|[[Dutch creole]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and [[African languages|African]]
|1987
|
|}

==United States and Canada==
'''Indigenous languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language or dialect name
!Dialect parent language
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Abnaki language|Eastern Abnaki dialect]]
|[[Abnaki language]]
|[[Algic languages|Algic]]
|1993
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Penobscot |work=Native Languages of the Americas |access-date=October 25, 2011 |url=https://www.native-languages.org/penobscot.htm }}</ref>
|-
|[[Wyandot language|Wyandot]]
|
|[[Iroquoian language|Iroquoian]]
|1972
|Revival attempts underway by the [[Wyandotte Nation|Wyandotte Nation (United States)]] and [[Huron-Wendat Nation|Huron-Wendat Nation (Canada)]]
| <ref>Pulte, William. 1999. "The Last Speaker of Wyandot". ''Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics'' 24(4):43-44.</ref>
|-
|[[Tsetsaut language|Tsetsaut]]
|
|[[Na-Dene language|Na-Dene]]
|early 1930s
|
|
|}
'''[[Pidgin]] languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language name
!Pidgin parent language(s)
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Eskimo Trade Jargon]]
|[[Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]]
|20th century
|
|
|}

==United States and Mexico==
'''Indigenous languages'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language or dialect name
!Language family
!Extinction date
!Notes
!References
|-
|[[Amotomanco language|Amotomanco]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|(date missing)
|
|
|-
|[[Cotoname language|Cotoname]]
|[[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]]
|20th century
|
|
|-
|[[Garza language|Garza]]
|[[Pakawan languages|Pakawan]]
|19th century
|
|
|-
|[[Opata language|Ópata]] 
|[[Uto-Aztecan language|Uto-Aztecan]]
|20th century
|Revival attempts underway among [[Opata people]]
|
|-
|[[Solano language|Solano]]
|[[Unclassified language|unclassified]]
|18th century
|
|
|}

==See also==
*[[List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages]]
*[[List of extinct languages of South America]]
*[[Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin]]
*[[List of extinct languages of Central America and the Caribbean]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North American languages}}
{{Continent topic| title = Lists of [[extinct languages]] by [[continent]] | prefix = list of extinct languages of | state = expanded }}
{{World topic| title = Lists of [[endangered languages]] by [[country]] | list of endangered languages in |noredlinks=¥}}
{{Continent topic| title = Lists of [[endangered languages]] by [[continent]] | prefix = list of endangered languages in }}
{{Americas topic| Languages of }}
{{Continent topic| title = [[Languages]] by [[continent]] | prefix = Languages of | state = expanded }}
{{Continents}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Extinct languages of North America}}
[[Category:Lists of extinct languages|North America]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of North America| ]]
[[Category:North America-related lists]]
[[Category:Native American-related lists]]