View source for List of enclaves and exclaves

{{Short description|none}}

In [[political geography]], an '''enclave''' is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An '''exclave''' is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding '''foreign''' territory or territories. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves.

== Enclaves that are also exclaves ==
Each enclave listed in this section has an administrative level equivalent to that of the one other entity that entirely surrounds it. Each enclave is also a part of a main region; hence, it is an exclave of that region.

===National level===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px;; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
! Name<ref name=Whyte2>{{cite book |first=Brendan |last=Whyte |title="En Territoire Belge et à Quarante Centimètres de la Frontière" An historical and documentary study of the Belgian and Dutch enclaves of Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau |isbn=978-0-7340-3032-0 |publisher=The University of Melbourne, School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies |year=2004}}</ref><ref name=Krogh>{{cite web |url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/exclaves.htm |title=Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: Enclaves and Exclaves |access-date=2013-02-21 |first=Jan |last=Krogh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312060333/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/exclaves.htm |archive-date=2013-03-12 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! data-sort-type="number"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Exclave of
! Enclaved within
! Coordinates
! Notes
|-
|[[Isla Apipé|Apipé Islands]]<ref name="EV"/> (4)|| {{hs|320}}~320|| {{flag|Argentina}} ([[Corrientes Province]] – [[Ituzaingó Department]]) || {{flag|Paraguay}} ([[Misiones Department]] – Ayolas District) || {{coord|27|31|S|56|51|W}} ||Four adjacent islands ([[Isla Apipé|Isla Apipé Grande]], Isla Apipé Chico, Isla Los Patos and Isla San Martín) with territorial water borders in the [[Paraná River|Río Paraná]], 39&nbsp;km east of Isla Entre Rios. Island areas are about 276, 23.8, 11.8 and 3.7&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, respectively.
|-
| [[Isla Entre Ríos]]<ref name="EV"/>|| {{hs|36}}~36|| {{flag|Argentina}} ([[Corrientes Province]] – [[Berón de Astrada Department]]) || {{flag|Paraguay}} ([[Ñeembucú Department]] – Cerrito District) || {{coord|27|25|S|57|30|W}} ||Uninhabited island with territorial water border in the Río Paraná, 39&nbsp;km west of Isla Apipé.
|-
|[[Isla Martín García]] || 1.84 || {{flag|Argentina}} ([[Buenos Aires Province]] – [[La Plata Partido]]) || {{flag|Uruguay}} || {{coord|34|10|47|S|58|15|0|W}} || Territorial water border on the Uruguay side of [[Río de la Plata]]. Designated as a nature reserve under the jurisdiction of Argentina in 1973.
|-
|[[Artsvashen]] || {{hs|40}}~40 || {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Gegharkunik Province]]) || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || {{coord|40|38|N|45|30|E}} || Controlled by Azerbaijan since the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] in 1992.
|-
|[[Torres Strait Islands]] (7)|| {{hs|2200}}~2,200 (including water area) || {{flag|Australia}} ([[Queensland]] – [[Shire of Torres]] and [[Torres Strait Island Region]]) || {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || {{coord|9|25|23|S|142|32|10|E}} ||The islands of Anchor Cay, Aubusi Island, Black Rocks, [[Boigu Island]] (89.6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), [[Bramble Cay]] (0.036&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), Dauan Island (4&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), [[Deliverance Island]], East Cay, Kaumag Island, Kerr Islet, Moimi Island, [[Saibai Island]] (107.9&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), [[Turnagain Island]] (12&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) and Turu Cay, along with their territorial seas, form seven enclaves within the maritime area of Papua New Guinea under a treaty effective in 1985. The territorial sea of each island does not extend beyond three nautical miles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1985/4.html |access-date=2013-08-20|title=Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters|year=1985 |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Australian Enclaves off Papua, New Guinea (map)|url=https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/books/4.5.jpg|publisher=Association of Canada Lands Surveyors|access-date=2013-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017043656/https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/books/4.5.jpg|archive-date=2014-10-17|url-status=live}}</ref> The mainland of Papua New Guinea is only 6&nbsp;km from Boigu.
|-
|[[Jungholz]] || 7.05 || {{flag|Austria}} ([[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]] state – [[Reutte District]]) || {{flag|Germany}} ([[Bavaria]] state – [[Swabia (Bavaria)|Swabia]] administrative region) || {{coord|47|34.3|N|10|27.3|E}} || Connected at a [[quadripoint]] at the summit of the mountain ''[[Sorgschrofen]]'' (1636 m); accessible only through Germany. ''Vinokurov (2007)'' states, "For all purposes, a connection in a single point does not mean anything. It is just like being completely separated. One cannot pass through a single point, nor is it possible to transport goods. It is not even possible to lay a telephone line."<ref name="EV"/>
|-
|[[Barkhudarli]]|| {{hs|10}}~10 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} ([[Qazakh District]]) || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Tavush Province]]) || {{coord|40|59|36|N|45|13|31|E}}|| Controlled by Armenia since the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] in May 1992; west-southwest of the town of Qazax.
|-
|[[Yuxarı Əskipara|Yukhari Askipara]]|| {{hs|28}}~28 || {{coord|41|03|58|N|45|01|24|E}}|| A destroyed village controlled by Armenia since the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] in May 1992; west of the town of [[Qazax]].
|-
|[[Karki, Azerbaijan|Karki / Tigranashen]] || 8 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} ([[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], [[Sadarak District]]) || {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Ararat Province]]) || {{coord|39|47.3|N|44|57|E}} || Controlled by Armenia since the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] in May 1992; north of Azerbaijan's exclave of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]].
|-
|[[Yaradullu]] (north and south)||{{hs|0.18}}0.12 and 0.06||{{flag|Azerbaijan}} ([[Agstafa District|Ağstafa District]]) || {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Tavush Province]]) || {{coord|41|00|51.8|N|45|26|12.2|E}} || Two farmland enclaves just across the border from the village of Yaradullu<ref name="data"/><ref name="viewer"/> (55 m at the closest point). They are 750 m and 1500 m southwest of the municipality of [[Tatlı, Agstafa|Tatlı]] on the west bank of the Akhum River; approximately 300x400 m and 300x200 m. The surrounding Armenian territory has been occupied by Azerbaijan since the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] in May 1992, so that these two small pockets of land are ''de facto'' no longer exclaves.
|-
|[[Dahagram|Dahagram-Angarpota]]|| 25.95 || {{flag|Bangladesh}} ([[Rangpur Division]] – [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]] district) || {{flag|India}} ([[West Bengal]] state – [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]] district) || {{coord|26|18|N|88|57|E}}|| Dahagram–Angarpota is a composite enclave of two adjoining [[India–Bangladesh enclaves|chhits]]. It is separated from the contiguous area of Bangladesh at its closest point by {{convert|178|m}}. The enclave has an estimated population of 20,000. After the exchange of enclaves with India under the Land Boundary Agreement on 31 July 2015, Bangladesh retained it as an exclave. The [[Tin Bigha Corridor]], a strip of Indian territory {{convert|85|m}} wide running from the enclave to the Bangladesh mainland at its nearest approach, was leased to Bangladesh for 999 years for access to the enclave.<ref name=Whyte2/><ref name=24hr>{{cite news|title=Tin Bigha corridor to remain open 24 hours|url=http://www.banglanews24.com/English/detailsnews.php?nssl=537ca67a1852ec7e93feda1fa86a3a05&nttl=2011090724619|access-date=7 September 2011|work=Bangla News 24|date=6 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922065308/http://www.banglanews24.com/English/detailsnews.php?nssl=537ca67a1852ec7e93feda1fa86a3a05&nttl=2011090724619|archive-date=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=24hr1>{{cite news|title=Transit tumbles into Teesta abyss|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2011/09/06/transit-tumbles-into-teesta-abyss|access-date=28 November 2017|work=bdnews24.com|date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034153/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2011/09/06/transit-tumbles-into-teesta-abyss|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Baarle-Hertog]] (22 parcels) || 2.3448 || {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]] province – [[Baarle-Hertog]] municipality) || {{flag|Netherlands}} ([[North Brabant]] province – [[Baarle-Nassau]] municipality) || {{coord|51|26|13|N|4|55|43|E}} (H1)|| A group of [[Baarle-Hertog|22 Belgian enclaves]] in the southern Netherlands. Enclaves H1 and H2 are connected at a single point.
|-
|[[Međurečje (Rudo)|Međurečje]] || 3.9584 || {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ([[Republika Srpska]] – [[Rudo]] municipality) || {{flag|Serbia}} ([[Zlatibor District]] – [[Priboj]] municipality) || {{coord|43|33|30|N|19|25|30|E}} || Homeland of Bosnia-Herzegovina is {{convert|1,130|metres}} to the north. Sastavci is the name of the neighbouring village in Serbia.
|-
|[[West Kowloon station|West Kowloon Port]] (''aka''. Mainland Port Area) || 0.11 || {{flag|China}} (Guangdong province – Futian district)|| {{flag|Hong Kong}} (Yau Tsim Mong district) ||{{coord|22.304|114.165|type:landmark_region:HK|display=inline}}|| China's immigration/customs border crossing that is located within Hong Kong; compartments of operating passenger trains on the rail link in Hong Kong are also considered part of Mainland Port Area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2018 |title=Cap. 632 Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (Co-location) Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap632 |website=Hong Kong e-Legislation |language=en}}</ref> It is not contiguous with the rest of China. Effectively ceded to China in 2018 for a token HK$1,000 per year.
|-
|[[Quita Sueño Bank|Quitasueño]] || 3,577, including water area<ref name="rejoinder">{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/124/16973.pdf|publisher=International Court of Justice|title=Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia), Rejoinder, Republic of Colombia|volume=1|date=18 June 2010|pages=99–102|access-date=2018-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718194901/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/124/16973.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> || rowspan="2" |{{flag|Colombia}} ([[San Andrés y Providencia]] Department)|| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Nicaragua}} ||{{coord|14|24|1|N|81|7|47|W}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cioh.org.co/derrotero/wrapperDerrotero/cartas/carta_papel.php?codigocarta=215|title=Cartografía|website=www.cioh.org.co|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000011/http://www.cioh.org.co/derrotero/wrapperDerrotero/cartas/carta_papel.php?codigocarta=215|archive-date=24 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> (QS32)<ref name="rejoinder"/>|| On 19 November 2012, the [[International Court of Justice]] upheld Colombia's claim to Quitasueño, plus a 12-NM territorial zone, and re-defined Nicaragua's [[exclusive economic zone|exclusive economic zone (EEZ)]], thus surrounding the island bank.<ref name="LATimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-nov-20-la-fg-colombia-nicaragua-20121120-story.html|title=Disputed islands belong to Colombia, court rules|first=Chris|last=Kraul|work=Los Angeles Times|date=20 November 2012|access-date=2013-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022224201/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/20/world/la-fg-colombia-nicaragua-20121120|archive-date=22 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It deemed one of the bank's 54 features to be an island at high tide (elevation 70&nbsp;cm, area 1&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="ICJ">{{cite web|publisher=International Court of Justice. (para. 37, 202).|title=Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia). Judgment.|volume=1|date=19 November 2012|access-date=2017-11-28|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/124/17164.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033017/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/124/17164.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and created enclaves as an equitable solution.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Pieter|last=Bekker|date=15 January 2013|journal=Insight (American Society of International Law)|volume=17|issue=3|url=https://www.asil.org/sites/default/files/insight130115.pdf|access-date=2018-01-06|title=The World Court Awards Sovereignty Over Several Islands in the Caribbean Sea to Colombia and Fixes a Single Maritime Boundary between Colombia and Nicaragua|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174212/https://www.asil.org/sites/default/files/insight130115.pdf|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The area of the bank, excluding the 12-mile zone, is ~290&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Cortes"/>
|-
|[[Serrana Bank|Serrana]] || {{hs|2800}}~2,800, including water area || {{coord|14|17|13|N|80|21|48|W}} (Southwest Cay)|| On 19 November 2012, [[International Court of Justice|ICJ]] upheld Colombia's claim to Serrana, plus a 12-NM territorial zone, and re-defined Nicaragua's EEZ, surrounding the island bank.<ref name="LATimes"/> The land area is ~0.11&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, and the area of the bank, excluding the 12-mile zone, is ~322&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Cortes">{{cite book|title=Latin American Coral Reefs|first=Jorge|last=Cortes|publisher=Gulf Professional Publishing|year=2003|isbn= 978-0444540256|page=283}}</ref> Colombia decried the loss of maritime areas and creation of "'enclaves' around Quitasueño and Serrana that could restrict" access.<ref name="LATimes"/>
|-
|[[Brezovica Žumberačka]] (2)|| 0.0183+ || {{flag|Croatia}} ([[Karlovac County]] – [[Ozalj]] town) || {{flag|Slovenia}} ([[Metlika]] municipality) || {{coord|45|41|22|N |15|18|12|E}} || The first enclave contains four dwellings surrounded by agricultural land near the Slovenian village of [[Brezovica pri Metliki]]. It is about 437 m long and 60 m wide covering 1.83 ha. Confirmed by both Croatian and Slovenian cadaster maps, it lies about 100 metres away from the main border at the closest point.<ref name="data">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSData/ |title=GNS Downloadable Files - Complete Files of Geographic Names for Geopolitical Areas from GNS |website=Geographic Names Server |access-date=2025-03-16 |publisher=United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |quote=Toponymic information is based on the Geographic Names Database, containing official standard names approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names and maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. More information is available at the Resources link at www.nga.mil. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency name, initials, and seal are protected by 10 United States Code § Section 425. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250310165059/https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSData/ |archive-date=2025-03-10 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="viewer">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesviewer/ |title=GNS Search & Download WebApp |publisher=United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |access-date=2025-03-17 |quote=Toponymic information is based on the Geographic Names Database, containing official standard names approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names and maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. More information is available at the Resources link at www.nga.mil. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency name, initials, and seal are protected by 10 United States Code § Section 425. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208071243/https://geonames.nga.mil/namesviewer/ |archive-date=2025-02-08 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="brez">{{cite web |url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/brezovica.htm |title=Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: Enclave/exclave of Brezovica |access-date=2013-03-12 |author=Krogh, Jan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622142837/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/brezovica.htm |archive-date=2013-06-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://maps.hungaricana.hu/en/MOLTerkeptar/14229/view/?pg=20&bbox=-3376%2C-16986%2C6217%2C4464|work=Hungaricana|title=Snimka gruntovne mape obćine Sekulić županije žagrebačke po potankoj izmjeri od godine 1898 [S 76 – No. 2333/1-21.]|date=1898|access-date=24 March 2018|publisher=National Archives of Hungary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232328/https://maps.hungaricana.hu/en/MOLTerkeptar/14229/view/?pg=20&bbox=-3376%2C-16986%2C6217%2C4464|archive-date=25 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
A second enclave lies within 300 metres of the first. It was created on 29 June 2017 when the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] decided that a disputed 2.4 ha parcel is part of Slovenia and that the border follows Slovenian cadastral limits, thus completing the encirclement of the second Croatian enclave.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/2172|title=PCA Case No. 2012-04 in the Matter of an Arbitration under the Arbitration Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, Signed on 4 November 2009 between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia (together, the "Parties") Final Award 29 June 2017|publisher=Permanent Court of Arbitration|location=The Hague, Netherlands|access-date=2017-06-29|quote=The Tribunal determines that, in these circumstances, area 7.1 forms part of the territory of Slovenia, and the boundary runs along Slovenia's cadastral limits. The Tribunal recognises that the delimitation thus made on the basis of the cadastral limits is one of great complexity. The cadastral boundary creates numerous meanders and even enclaves.|page=182|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702104942/http://www.pcacases.com/web/sendAttach/2172|archive-date=2 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pregledna karta kartografskega prikaza poteka državne meje med Republiko Slovenijo in Republiko Hrvaško po sodbi arbitražnega sodišča (Karta 25) [Cartographic representation of the state border between Slovenia and Croatia according to the award of the arbitral tribunal (Map 25)] |url=http://www.vlada.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/si/projekti/2010/Arbitrazni_sporazum/merged__2_.pdf |publisher=Government of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date=2018-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401075638/http://www.vlada.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/si/projekti/2010/Arbitrazni_sporazum/merged__2_.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> Croatia has stated that it will ignore the arbitration decision.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40449776|title=Slovenia wins battle with Croatia over high seas access|date=29 June 2017|access-date=2017-06-30|publisher=BBC News Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703140715/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40449776|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ormidhia]] || 1.694|| rowspan="4" | {{flag|Cyprus}} ([[Larnaca District]]) || rowspan="4" | {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia|name=Dhekelia}} [[Sovereign Base Area]] || {{coord|34|59|33|N|33|46|49|E}} || Small exclave surrounded by [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Dhekelia]], a [[British Overseas Territory]] in southeastern Cyprus. The degree of sovereignty and legitimacy of the Sovereign Base Areas is disputed by the Republic of Cyprus.<ref>{{cite web |title=008.05.1347 Έκθεση κοινοβουλευτικής επιτροπής |url=http://www2.parliament.cy/parliamentgr/008_05b/008_05_1543.htm |website=www2.parliament.cy |publisher=Parliament of Ctorus |access-date=21 May 2020 |archive-date=6 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306053107/http://www2.parliament.cy/parliamentgr/008_05b/008_05_1543.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Situation of the inhabitants of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia |url=http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=11651&Lang=EN#P264_45459 |website=www.assembly.coe.int |publisher=Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe |access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[Xylotymbou]] || 0.947|| {{coord|35|01|03|N|33|44|37|E}} || Small exclave surrounded by Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory.
|-
|[[Electricity Authority of Cyprus|"Electricity Authority of Cyprus" Refugee Settlement]] || {{hs|0.28}}~0.28|| {{coord|34|59|04|N|33|44|37|E}} || North of Dhekelia Power Station from which it is separated by a British road; the closest point between the two territories is 21 metres.
|-
|[[Dhekelia Power Station]] || {{hs|0.161}}~0.161|| {{coord|34|58|49|N|33|44|45|E}} || Partially borders the coast but enclosed by UK land and waters disputed between Cyprus and the UK; the power station is owned by the Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC); no permanent population.
|-
|[[Münsterbildchen]] || 1.826|| {{flag|Germany}} ([[North Rhine-Westphalia]] state – [[Aachen (district)|Aachen]] district – [[Roetgen]] municipality)|| {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Liège (province)|Liège]] province – [[Raeren]] municipality) || {{coord|50|39|36|N|6|11|24|E}} ||West of Vennbahn trackbed; northernmost German enclave, mainly home to industrial and warehouse structures.
|-
|{{ill|Roetgener Wald|de|Exklave Roetgen/Lammersdorf|fr|Roetgener Wald}} || 9.98|| {{flag|Germany}} ([[North Rhine-Westphalia]] state – [[Aachen (district)|Aachen]] district – [[Roetgen]] and [[Simmerath]] municipalities)|| {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Liège (province)|Liège]] province) || {{coord|50|38|12|N|6|14|32|E}} ||Western part of {{ill|Lammersdorf|de}}, southern part of [[Roetgen]], and intervening forest (Forst Rötgen); west and south of Vennbahn trackbed. From 1922 to 1958, the center portion (between Grenzweg and a boundary with three turning points west of the Schleebach stream) was Belgian territory. Until 1949, the east–west road that connected the two outer (German) portions was also German territory; therefore, the German land formed one oddly-shaped enclave (that also included the road to Konzen). In 1949, it was split into two enclaves when Germany [[Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War|ceded the roads to Belgium]];<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~225664~5506127:Belgium--The-Geographical-Institute?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No |access-date=2013-05-04 |title=The Times Atlas of the World. Belgium, Plate 61, V. III |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston London |first=John |last=Bartholomew |date=1955 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415140258/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~225664~5506127:Belgium--The-Geographical-Institute?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No |archive-date=2014-04-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> in 1958, Belgium returned the east–west road and also ceded the centre section of the current enclave to Germany.
|-
|[[Rückschlag]] || 0.016|| rowspan="3" | {{flag|Germany}} ([[North Rhine-Westphalia]] state – [[Aachen (district)|Aachen]] district – [[Monschau]] town)|| {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Liège (province)|Liège]] province – [[Eupen]] municipality) || {{coord|50|35|52|N|6|14|53|E}} ||Part of city of Monschau, west of Vennbahn trackbed; smallest German exclave, consisting of a house and a garden.
|-
|[[Mützenich (Monschau)|Mützenich]] || 12.117 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Liège (province)|Liège]] province) || {{coord|50|33|54|N|6|13|5|E}} ||West of [[Belgium]]'s [[Vennbahn]] trackbed.
|-
|{{ill|Ruitzhof|de}} || 0.937|| {{coord|50|31|29|N|6|11|39|E}} ||Part of city of Monschau, west of Vennbahn trackbed; southernmost Vennbahn enclave after 1949 (when [[Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War|Belgium annexed]] the {{ill|Hemmeres|de}} enclave).
|-
|[[Büsingen am Hochrhein]] || 7.62 || {{flag|Germany}} ([[Baden-Württemberg]] state – [[Konstanz (district)|Konstanz]] district) || {{flag|Switzerland}} || {{coord|47|42|N|8|42|E}} || At its closest, less than {{convert|700|m}} from Germany proper (to the east). Part of Swiss customs
|-
|[[Campione d'Italia]] || 1.6 || {{flag|Italy}} ([[Lombardy]] region – [[Province of Como]]) || {{flag|Switzerland}} (Canton [[Ticino]] – [[Lugano District]]) || {{coord|45|58|10|N|8|58|25|E}} ||  Uses the [[Swiss franc]],  Former part of Swiss customs (until 2020). Separated by less than 1&nbsp;km, at the shortest distance, from the rest of Italy by [[Lake Lugano]] and mountains, but the terrain requires a 14&nbsp;km road journey to reach the nearest Italian town, [[Lanzo d'Intelvi]].
|-
|[[Likoma Island]] || 130.0 (incl a territorial water area)|| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Malawi}} ([[Northern Region, Malawi|Northern Region]] – [[Likoma District]]) || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Mozambique}} ([[Niassa Province]] – [[Lago District]]) || {{coord|12|04|S|34|44|E}} || Lacustrine enclave, including smaller islets, with territorial water border in [[Lake Malawi]] (Lake Nyasa); only ~5 kilometres from the Mozambique shore; combined land area of Likoma Is. and the smaller Chizumulu Is. is 18&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.
|-
|[[Chizumulu Island]] (incl Lundu Is., Papia Is., Ngkyvo Is.) || 101.4 (incl 2-NM territorial water area)|| {{coord|12|01|0|S|34|37|14|E}} || Lacustrine enclave with territorial water border in Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa); Malawian mainland is 46&nbsp;km away.
|-
|[[Baarle-Nassau]] (8 parcels) || 0.150684 || {{flag|Netherlands}} ([[North Brabant]] province – [[Baarle-Nassau]] municipality) || {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]] province – [[Baarle-Hertog]] municipality) || {{coord|51|24|43|N|4|52|16|E}} (N8)|| Seven of the [[Baarle-Nassau|eight Dutch enclaves]] are counter-enclaves inside two Belgian enclaves (H1 and H8); one is in the main body of Belgium (N8).
|-
|{{ill|Laguna Los Portillos|es|Laguna Los Portillos}} (and beach)|| {{hs|0.46}}~0.46 || {{flag|Nicaragua}} ([[Río San Juan Department]]) || {{flag|Costa Rica}} ([[Limón Province]]) || {{coord|10|55|55.1|N|83|40|12.4|W}} ||On 2 Feb 2018, the [[ICJ]] rendered a decision in a border dispute between Nicaragua and Costa Rica regarding {{ill|Isla Portillos|es}}. Nicaragua was left with just the Laguna Los Portillos and its short strip of beach. The court also decided that the sea just outside of the lagoon would be Costa Rican waters. The ICJ concluded that the whole beach is Costa Rican except for the part directly between the lagoon and the Caribbean Sea – now a tiny enclave of Nicaraguan territory separated from the rest of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polgeonow.com/2018/02/nicaragua-costa-rica-border-dispute-ruling-icj-2018.html|title=Costa Rica & Nicaragua Settle Border Dispute in Court|work=Political Geography Now|date=3 Feb 2018|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072738/http://www.polgeonow.com/2018/02/nicaragua-costa-rica-border-dispute-ruling-icj-2018.html|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Madha]] || {{hs|75}}~75 || {{flag|Oman}} ([[Musandam Governorate]]) || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || {{coord|25|17|N|56|17|E}} || Halfway between the Omani fragment on the [[Musandam Governorate|Musandam Peninsula]] and the rest of [[Oman]]; surrounds the UAE counter-enclave of [[Nahwa]].
|-
|[[Sankovo-Medvezhye|San'kovo-Medvezh'e]] || 4.54 || {{flag|Russia}} ([[Bryansk Oblast]] – [[Zlynkovsky District]]) || {{flag|Belarus}} ([[Gomel Region]] – [[Dobrush Raion]]) || {{coord|52|28|48|N|31|33|51|E}} || Contains two small villages that have been depopulated since the 1986 [[Chernobyl disaster]] in [[Ukraine]].
|-
|[[Llívia]] || 12.84 || {{flag|Spain}} ([[Catalonia]] autonomous community – [[Province of Girona]]/[[Cerdanya (comarca)|Cerdanya]] comarca) || {{flag|France}} ([[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]] region – [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] department) || {{coord|42|28|N|1|59|E}} || To the east of [[Andorra]], separated from the rest of Spain by a corridor about 2&nbsp;km wide containing the French communes of [[Ur, Pyrénées-Orientales|Ur]] and [[Bourg-Madame]].
|-
|[[Vorukh]] || {{hs|96.7}}~96.7 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Tajikistan}} ([[Sughd Province]] – [[Isfara District]]) || {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} ([[Batken Province]] – [[Batken District]]) || {{coord|39|51|04|N|70|38|00|E}} || South of the mountain [[List of mountain ranges in Kyrgyzstan#Mountain Ranges of South Tien-Shan|Ak-Tash]]; population is 95% Tajik and the rest Kyrgyz.
|-
|"[[Lolazor, Jabbor Rasulov District|Lolazor]]" || {{hs|0.88}}~0.88 || {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} ([[Batken Province]] – [[Leilek District]]) || {{coord|40|04|05|N|69|32|41|E}} || Near the railway station of ''Stantsiya Kayragach'', next to the Kyrgyz–Tajik border; also referred to as "Western Qal'acha" due to proximity to the Tajik town of Qal'acha; apparently there is no named settlement.
|-
|[[Sarvan, Tajikistan|Sarvan]] (also ''Sarvaksoi, Sarvaki-bolo'') || 8.4 || {{flag|Tajikistan}} ([[Sughd Region]] – [[Asht District]]) || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} ([[Namangan Region]] – Pop district) || {{coord|40|58|00|N|70|36|56|E}} || Long, narrow territory located in the [[Fergana Valley|Fergana]] and [[Isfara]] valleys region where Kyrgyzstan, [[Tajikistan]] and Uzbekistan meet.
|-
|[[Nahwa]] || {{hs|5.2}}~5.2 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} ([[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]] emirate) || {{flag|Oman}} ([[Musandam Governorate]]) || {{coord|25|16|N|56|16|E}} || A counter-enclave surrounded by [[Madha]], reported to consist of around forty houses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/nahwa.htm |title=Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: United Arab Emirates |access-date=2013-03-12 |author=Krogh, Jan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404210253/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/nahwa.htm |archive-date=2013-04-04 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Ill|Filomena Islands|es|Isla Filomena Grande}} (5 islands) ||{{hs|23}}~23 ||{{flag|Uruguay}} ([[Río Negro Department]]) ||{{flag|Argentina}} ([[Entre Ríos Province]] – [[Gualeguaychú Department|Gualeguaychú]] and Uruguay departments) ||{{coord|32|59|S|58|6|W}} ||Five adjacent islands (Isla Filomena Grande, Isla Filomena Chica, Isla Palma Chica, Isla Bassi, Isla Tres Cruces) with territorial water borders in the [[Uruguay River]]. Uninhabited islands that form part of the [[Parque Nacional de los Esteros de Farrapos e Islas del Río Uruguay|Esteros de Farrapos National Park]].
|-
|[[Sokh District|Sokh]] ||{{hs|234}}~234 || rowspan="2" |{{flag|Uzbekistan}} ([[Fergana Region]] – Sokh district) || rowspan="2" |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} ([[Batken Region]]) ||{{coord|40|02|39|N|71|05|39|E}} ||Large enclave with 99% Tajik population, the rest Kyrgyz and almost no ethnic Uzbeks.
|-
|[[Regions of Uzbekistan#Enclaves and exclaves|Chon-Qora]] or ''Qalacha'' (the 2 Uzbek villages in the enclave)||{{hs|3}}~3||{{coord|40|14|37|N |71|02|14|E}}||Tiny enclave lying on the [[Sokh River]], immediately north of [[Sokh District|Sokh]]; measures about 3&nbsp;km long by 1&nbsp;km wide, with the Uzbek villages of Chon-Qora (or ''Chongara'' {{coord|40|15|03|N |71|02|15|E}}) and Qalacha ({{coord|40|14|10|N |71|02|12|E}}) at either end; the Kyrgyz village of ''Chong''-Kara (or ''Chon-Kara'' {{coord|40|15|37|N |71|00|41|E}}) lies 2&nbsp;km northwest.<ref name="data" /><ref name="viewer" /><ref name="geo">{{cite web|url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Batken_Region&params=39.91506_N_71.56151_E_ |title=GeoHack – Batken Region |access-date=2013-02-20}}</ref> [Note: The Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet contains three characters not present in the Uzbek alphabet. One of these characters is romanised from Kyrgyz as the digraph ''ng'', which is not present in romanised Uzbek words.]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/romanization.html |title=Romanisation Systems and Policies |author=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |access-date=2017-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712180903/http://geonames.nga.mil/gns/html/romanization.html |archive-date=2017-07-12 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jani-Ayil]] (also ''Jangy-ayyl or Khalmion'') || {{hs|0.8}}~0.8 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} ([[Fergana Region]] – Fergana district) || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} ([[Batken Region]] – [[Kadamjay District]]) || {{coord|40|12|09|N|71|39|58|E}}||Tiny enclave north-northwest of the Shakhimardan enclave; within 1&nbsp;km of the Uzbek main border; the Kyrgyz towns of Jangy-Ayyl ({{coord|40|10|56|N |71|40|49|E}}) and [[Khalmion]] ({{coord|40|12|44|N |71|37|58|E}}) lie outside opposite edges of this enclave.<ref name="data" /><ref name="viewer" /><ref name="geo" />
|-
|[[Shohimardon|Shakhimardan]]||{{hs|38.2}}~38.2 ||{{coord|39|58|59|N|71|48|18|E}}||Located in a narrow valley in the [[Alay Mountains]] where the rivers [[Aksuu|Ok-su]] and [[Köksuu|Kok-su]] meet to form the [[Shohimardonsoy|Shakhimardan-sai]].<ref name="data" /><ref name="viewer" /><ref name="geo" />
|-
|[[international waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|180000}}~180,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{flag|Japan}}|| {{coord|26|19|N |135|52|E}} || Surrounded by [[Exclusive economic zone of Japan|Japan's EEZ]]; it lies between the territorial zones of [[Honshu]], [[Shikoku]], the [[Bonin Islands]], [[Okino-tori-shima]] and [[Okinawa Island]]
|-
|[[international waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|1300}}~1,300 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} || {{coord|44|19|S |178|12|E}} || Surrounded by [[Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand|New Zealand's EEZ]]; it lies between the territorial zones of the [[Chatham Islands]], [[North Island]] and the [[Bounty Islands]]
|-
|[[international waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|14000}}~14,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{flag|New Zealand}} || {{coord|49|32|S |173|6|E}} || Surrounded by [[Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand|New Zealand's EEZ]]; it lies between the territorial zones of [[Campbell Island, New Zealand|Campbell Island]], [[South Island]] and the [[Antipodes Islands]]
|-
|[[international waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|3700}}~3,700 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{flag|French Polynesia}} || {{coord|24.2|S|143.3|W}} || Surrounded by [[Exclusive economic zone of France|France's EEZ]]; it lies between the territorial zones of the [[Bass Islands (French Polynesia)|Bass Islands]], [[Raivavae]], [[Nukutepipi]], and [[Tematagi]]
|-
|[[Peanut Hole]],<br />[[international waters|High Seas]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/fgc-cgp/documents/meltzer/maps/PeanutHole.pdf |title=The 'Peanut Hole' in the Sea of Okhotsk |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=2013-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710230304/http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/fgc-cgp/documents/meltzer/maps/PeanutHole.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{hs|46000}}~46,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{flag|Russia}} || {{coord|53.3|N|149.6|E}} || Surrounded by [[Russia]]'s [[EEZ]] in the [[Sea of Okhotsk]], lying between the territorial zones of the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], [[Kuril Islands]] and [[Sakhalin Island]]. In March 2014, the area became a part of Russia's continental shelf.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/rus01_rev13/2014_03_13_COM_REC_RUS_Summary.pdf |title=Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Revised Submission Made By the Russian Federation in Respect of the Sea of Okhotsk on 28 February 2013 |author=United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf |date=March 14, 2014 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=May 25, 2014}}</ref> (''Note'': EEZs are not areas of sovereignty, but rather of sovereign rights and functional jurisdiction.)
|-
|}

=== First-order subnational level ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|-
!Name !! data-sort-type=number| Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Parent Country !! Exclave of !! Enclaved within !! Coordinates !! Notes
|-
| [[Qobu]] || {{hs|87}}~87 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Absheron Rayon]] || [[Baku]] || {{coord|40|24|N|49|42|E}} || Map showing [[:File:Azerbaijan-Absheron.png|Absheron rayon and Qobu]]; another showing [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072915/http://absheron.aztelekom.org/images/absheron.gif Çeyildağ also]
|-
| (south of [[Şərədil]]) || {{hs|9.7}}~9.7 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Agsu District]] || [[Shamakhi District]] || {{coord|40|35.8|N|48|29|E}} || 
|-
|[[Çeyildağ]]<ref>{{cite web | url= http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?llz=47.8,40,8 | title= GoMap Online Navigator | author= Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic | access-date= 2013-10-21 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131022162141/http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?llz=47.8,40,8 | archive-date= 2013-10-22 | url-status= live }}</ref> || {{hs|21}}~21 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Baku]] || [[Absheron Rayon]] || {{coord|40|16|57|N|49|16|45|E}} || {{GEOnet2|32FA88151A8C3774E0440003BA962ED3|Çeyildağ }}
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Divanalılar]] ''and'' •&nbsp;[[Yuxarı Veysəlli]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/j-38-011.jpg|title=1:100,000 Soviet Military Topographic Map|year=1991|access-date=2018-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119171518/https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/j-38-011.jpg|archive-date=2017-11-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.200stran.ru/images/maps/1265186477_30fb0b.jpg |title=Azerbaycan Respublikasi, 2009 il |access-date=2013-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120939/http://www.200stran.ru/images/maps/1265186477_30fb0b.jpg |archive-date=2013-12-24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name= "AZmap">{{cite web|url=http://shekililar.narod.ru/karti/k_pol_2.jpg|title=Azerbaycan Respublikasinin (map)|year=1999|access-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105414/http://shekililar.narod.ru/karti/k_pol_2.jpg|archive-date=2013-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{hs|5.6}}~1.3 and ~4.3 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Fuzuli District|Füzuli Rayon]] || [[Khojavend District|Xocavənd Rayon]] || {{coord|39|41|32.03|N|47|2|11.83|E}}, {{coord|39|44|24.6|N|47|5|22.6|E}} || ({{GEOnet2|32FA8814F3823774E0440003BA962ED3|Yuxarı Veysəlli}})
|-
| [[Yuxarı Məzrə]] || {{hs|3.1}}~3.1 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Jabrayil District]] || [[Khojavend District]] || {{coord|39|27.5|N|46|57.4|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Yeni Qaralar]] ''and'' •&nbsp;(near [[Muğanlı, Agdam|Muğanlı]]) || {{hs|2.0}}~0.25 and ~1.7 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Khojaly District]] || [[Aghdam District]] || {{coord|40|2|9|N|46|45|37|E}},<br />{{coord|39|55.9|N|46|57.5|E}} ||
|-
| [[Ağbaş, Shabran|Ağbaş]] || {{hs|17}}~17 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Shabran District]] || [[Siyazan District]] || {{coord|41|6.8|N|49|5.7|E}} ||
|-
| ''de jure''<br />•&nbsp;(includes [[Aşağı Quşçular]], [[Yuxarı Quşçular]], [[Malıbəyli]])<ref name= "AZmap"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=0&llz=46.7752,39.8257,13 |title=GoMap Online Navigator |author=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic |access-date=2013-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203135555/http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=0&llz=46.7752,39.8257,13 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''and'' •&nbsp;(southeast of [[Khojaly (town)|Khojaly]]) || {{hs|12.9}}~9.3 and ~3.6 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Shusha District|Şuşa Rayon]] || [[Khojali District|Xocalı Rayon]] || {{coord|39|49|52.7|N|46|48|7.2|E}},<br />{{coord|39|52.5|N|46|47.9|E}} || Located near [[Xankəndi]] (Stepanakert), which includes parts of Şuşa and Xocalı Rayons. ({{GEOnet2|32FA88151F363774E0440003BA962ED3|Aşağı Quşçular}}, {{GEOnet2|32FA8814F3C83774E0440003BA962ED3|Yuxarı Quşçular}}, {{GEOnet2|32FA8815044E3774E0440003BA962ED3|Malıbəyli}})
|-
| •&nbsp;(northeast of [[Deşdahat]], north of [[Başarat]])<ref name= "AZmap"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=800&llz=46.7105,39.5181,13 |title=GoMap Online Navigator |author=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic |access-date=2013-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030022/http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=800&llz=46.7105,39.5181,13 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=live }}</ref>|| {{hs|5.3}}~5.3 ||{{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Khojavend District|Xocavənd Rayon]]|| [[Qubadli District|Qubadlı Rayon]]|| {{coord|39|31|40|N|46|43|54|E}} ||[https://web.archive.org/web/20220207184914/http://qubadli-ih.gov.az/page/10.html Map showing exclave].
|-
| •&nbsp;(main part of the city)<br />•&nbsp;[[Minsk National Airport]]<br />•&nbsp;{{ill|Sokol (Minsk)|lt=Sokol|be|Жылы раён Сокал, Мінск}} || 409.5 || {{flag|Belarus}} || [[Minsk]] || [[Minsk Region]] ([[Minsk Raion|Minsk]] and [[Smalyavichy Raion|Smalyavichy]] Raions) || {{coord|53|54|N|27|34|E}}, {{coord|53|53.5|N|28|2.8|E}}, {{coord|53|52.6|N|27|53.9|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;(1 parcel) || {{hs|0.11}}~0.11 || {{flag|Belarus}} || [[Minsk Region]] ([[Minsk Raion]]) || [[Minsk]] ([[Maskowski District]]) || {{coord|53|50|24|N|27|28|17|E}} ||
|-
| (south of Arjo village) || {{hs|17}}~17 || {{flag|Ethiopia}} || rowspan="2"| [[Benishangul-Gumuz Region]] ([[Kamashi Zone]] – [[Belo Jegonfoy]]) || [[Oromia Region]] || {{coord|8|58.6|N|36|12.8|E}} ||
|-
| (northeast of Uke) (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Ethiopia}} || [[Oromia Region]] ([[East Welega Zone]] – [[Guto Gida]] district) || {{coord|9|23.2|N|36|33.5|E}}, {{coord|9|24.2|N|36|36.2|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;(includes [[Gardères]], [[Luquet]]) ''and'' •&nbsp;(includes [[Séron]], [[Escaunets]], [[Villenave-près-Béarn]]) || 42.02 || {{flag|France}} || [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]] ([[Hautes-Pyrénées]] – [[Arrondissement of Tarbes]] – [[Canton of Ossun]] and [[Canton of Vic-en-Bigorre]]) || [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] ([[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] – [[Arrondissement of Pau]]) || {{coord|43|16|N|0|7|W}}, {{coord|43|20|N|0|5|W}} || Séron is less than 300 metres from the neighbouring enclave to its south that includes Gardères and Luquet; they, along with Séron, are part of Canton d'Ossun. Escaunets and Villenave-près-Béarn are in the same enclave with Séron, but unlike Séron, they are part of Canton de Vic-en-Bigorre.
|-
| [[Canton of Valréas]] || 124.91 || {{flag|France}} || [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] ([[Vaucluse]] – [[Arrondissement of Avignon]]) || [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] ([[Drôme]] – [[Arrondissement of Nyons]]) || {{coord|44|21|N|4|58|E}} || Known as the Enclave des Papes, it was part of the [[Papal States|possessions of the Pope]] in France near [[Avignon]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://provence-hideaway.com/203.html|title=Provence-Hideaways|access-date=2006-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060421175655/http://www.provence-hideaway.com/203.html|archive-date=2006-04-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> it was attached to Vaucluse when annexed after the ''départements'' were created (see [[Comtat Venaissin]]).
|-
| (2 parcels) || {{hs|0.043}}~0.043 || {{flag|Germany}} || [[Baden-Württemberg]] ([[Karlsruhe (region)|Karlsruhe]] — [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] — [[Laudenbach (Rhein-Neckar)|Laudenbach]]) || [[Hesse]] ([[Darmstadt (region)|Darmstadt]] — [[Bergstraße (district)|Bergstraße]] — [[Heppenheim]]) || {{coord|49|37|08.8|N|8|40|58.3|E}}<br />{{coord|49|36|31.9|N|8|40|44.5|E}} || One of these is a counter enclave.
|-
| •&nbsp;Hansestadt Bremen (south) ''and'' •&nbsp;Hansestadt Bremen (north) || 408 || {{flag|Germany}} || [[Bremen (state)|Freie Hansestadt Bremen]] || [[Lower Saxony]] || {{coord|53|7|N|8|45|E}} {{coord|53|34.5|N|8|34|E}} || Bremerhaven and Überseehafengebiet comprise Bremen's northern part, which is 60&nbsp;km downstream of Bremen's larger southern part on the [[River Weser]]. Both parts of Hansestadt Bremen are enclaves within Lower Saxony, as well as exclaves of each other. 
|-
| Fehrmoor (part) || {{hs|0.57}}~0.57|| {{flag|Germany}} || [[Bremen (state)|Freie Hansestadt Bremen]] ([[Bremerhaven]]&nbsp;''Stadt'' – Nord&nbsp;''Stadtbezirk'' – {{ill|Leherheide|de|Leherheide (Bremerhaven)}}&nbsp;''Stadtteil'' – Fehrmoor&nbsp;''Ortsteil'') || [[Lower Saxony]] ([[Cuxhaven (district)|Cuxhaven]]) || {{coord|53|36.4|N|8|39.1|E}} || Fehrmoor is a part of Leherheide, which is a sub-division of Bremerhaven. Part of Fehrmoor is separated by a narrow strip of Lower Saxony from the rest of Bremerhaven, making it an exclave of the city and of the state.
|-
| [[Ober-Laudenbach]] (part) || {{hs|0.58}}~0.58 || {{flag|Germany}} || [[Hesse]] ([[Darmstadt (region)|Darmstadt]] — [[Bergstraße (district)|Bergstraße]] — [[Heppenheim]]) || [[Baden-Württemberg]] ([[Karlsruhe (region)|Karlsruhe]] — [[Rhein-Neckar-Kreis]] — [[Laudenbach (Rhein-Neckar)|Laudenbach]]) || {{coord|49|37|02.3|N|8|40|39.6|E}} || Contains a counter enclave.
|-
| Choto Pokalagi || 0.549 || {{flag|India}} || rowspan="3" | [[Assam]] ([[Dhubri district]]) || rowspan="3" | [[West Bengal]] ([[Cooch Behar district]]) || {{coord|26|18.5|N|89|44.1|E}} ||A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
|-
| Gobrarkuthi || 0.149 || {{flag|India}} || {{coord|26|14.5|N|89|42.5|E}} ||A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
|-
| Ramrayerkuthi || 0.084 || {{flag|India}} || {{coord|26|9.7|N|89|42.4|E}} ||A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
|-
| [[Dadra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra]] || {{hs|26}}~26 || {{flag|India}} || [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] ([[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] district) || [[Gujarat]] ([[Valsad district]]) || {{coord|20|19|N|72|58|E}} ||Dadra was part of the former [[Portuguese India]].
|-
| [[Maghval]]<ref>{{cite map|title=Kaprada Assembly Constituency|url=https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/CEOImages/ACMAP/181.jpg|access-date=2019-12-15|author=Gujarat Chief Electoral Officer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216071625/https://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/CEOImages/ACMAP/181.jpg|archive-date=2019-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite map|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/damao_1956.jpg|year=1956|title=Damao (Daman) 1954 (Topographic Map) original scale 1:250,000.|access-date=2013-10-06|quote=Portion of Navsari, Sheet NF 43-13, Series U502, U.S. Army Map Service compiled in 1954 and printed in 1956 (Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas Libraries)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911003530/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/damao_1956.jpg|archive-date=2013-09-11|url-status=live}}</ref>
 || || {{flag|India}} || [[Gujarat]] ([[Valsad district]] — [[Kaparada Taluka]]) || [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] ([[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] district – [[Nagar Haveli]] taluka) ||{{coord|20|13|N|73|2|E}} ||Formerly "Bombay Enclave," Maghval was a British counter-enclave within the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese enclave]] within [[British India]] until independence.
|-
| [[Yanam district]] || 20 || {{flag|India}} || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || [[Andhra Pradesh]] ([[East Godavari district]]) || {{coord|16|43|N|82|16|E}} || The four districts of Puducherry (Pondicherry, Mahe, Yanam and Karaikal) constituted a [[French India|French colony]] until 1954.
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Cherukallayi]] ''and'' •&nbsp;(includes [[Palloor]], [[Chalakkara]], [[Pandakkal]]) || || {{flag|India}} || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ([[Mahe district]]) || [[Kerala]] ([[Kannur district]]) || {{coord|11|42|44|N|75|32|1|E}}, {{coord|11|44|N|75|32.5|E}} ||[[Mahe district]] consists of these two true enclaves and [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] municipality.
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Bahour|Bahour PS-]][[Karaiyamputhur|Karaiyambuthur OP]] (3 enclaves), •&nbsp;[[Dhanvantry Nagar|Dhanvantry Nagar PS-]][[Alankuppam|Alankuppam OP]], •&nbsp;[[Thirubuvanai|Thirubuvanai PS/]][[Thirukkanur|Thirukkanur PS (part)]], •&nbsp;[[Kattery Kuppam|Kattery Kuppam PS/]][[Thirukkanur|Thirukkanur PS (part)]], •&nbsp;[[Nettapakkam|Nettapakkam PS (west)]], •&nbsp;[[Mangalam|Mangalam PS (part)]], •&nbsp;[[Thirukkanur|Thirukkanur PS (part)]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://police.pondicherry.gov.in/Map%20all%20region%20ok/Puducherry%20Map%2025.05.11.htm | title=Puducherry Police, Map showing the existing Police Station limits | access-date=2013-10-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017124920/http://police.pondicherry.gov.in/Map%20all%20region%20ok/Puducherry%20Map%2025.05.11.htm | archive-date=2013-10-17 | url-status=dead }}</ref> || || {{flag|India}} || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ([[Pondicherry district]]) || [[Tamil Nadu]] ([[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]] and [[Viluppuram district|Viluppuram]] districts) || {{coord|11|57|N|79|38|E}} (the largest part) ||These 9 parcels along with three coastal pene-exclaves comprise all of Pondicherry district.
|-
| Kilinjikuppam and [[Singirikudi]] (part) || {{hs|7.4}}~7.4 || {{flag|India}} || [[Tamil Nadu]] ([[Cuddalore district]] — [[Cuddalore taluk]]) || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ([[Pondicherry district]]) || {{coord|11|53.3|N|79|47.3|E}} ||This enclave is surrounded by one of the three coastal pene-exclaves in Pondicherry district.
|-
| Bara Lowkuthi || 5.47 || {{flag|India}} || [[West Bengal]] ([[Cooch Behar district]]) || [[Assam]] ([[Kokrajhar district]]) || {{coord|26|20.5|N|89|48|E}} ||A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
|-
| {{ill|Ca' Raffaello|it}} (includes ''Santa Sofia Marecchia'' and ''Ortale'')|| {{hs|15}}~15 || {{flag|Italy}} || [[Tuscany]] ([[Province of Arezzo]] – [[Badia Tedalda]]) || [[Emilia-Romagna]] ([[Province of Rimini]]) || {{coord|43|47.4|N|12|12.2|E}} || One enclave
|-
| {{ill|Monte Ruperto|it}} || 2.7 || {{flag|Italy}} || [[Umbria]] ([[Province of Perugia]] – [[Città di Castello]]) || [[Marche]] ([[Province of Pesaro and Urbino]]) || {{coord|43|36.1|N|12|25.4|E}} ||This enclave consists of hills, cropland and few structures.
|-
| Lama Superiore ''and'' Valle Inferiore || {{hs|0.4}} ~0.29 and ~0.11 || {{flag|Italy}} || [[Emilia Romagna]] ([[Province of Piacenza]] – [[Corte Brugnatella]]) || [[Lombardy]] ([[Province of Pavia]]) || {{coord|44.70344|N|9.29495|E}}, {{coord|44.69374|N|9.30190|E}} ||Two tiny rural enclaves very close to each other. There is just one house in Valle Inferiore and none in Lama.
|-
| [[San Pellegrino in Alpe]] || || {{flag|Italy}} || [[Emilia Romagna]] ([[Province of Modena]] – [[Frassinoro]]) || [[Tuscany]] ([[Province of Lucca]] – [[Castiglione di Garfagnana]]) || {{coord|44.18990|N|10.48074|E}} || Enclave including part of the village of San Pellegrino in Alpe. [http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=44.18990,10.48074&z=18&t=K&marker0=44.18990%2C10.48074 map] 
|-
| San Pio (1 parcel) || {{hs|0.18}}~0.18 || {{flag|Italy}} || [[Lombardy]] ([[Province of Pavia]] – [[Pieve del Cairo]]) || [[Piedmont]] ([[Province of Alessandria]]) || {{coord|45.018488 |N|8.813027|E}} || The enclave is a small plot of cropland
|-
| Iesce|| || {{flag|Italy}} || [[Basilicata]] ([[Province of Matera]] – [[Matera]]) || [[Apulia]] ([[Province of Bari]] – [[Altamura]]) || {{coord|40.7556 |N|16.6407|E}} || The enclave is a small plot of cropland
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Japan}} || [[Saitama Prefecture]] ([[Fukaya, Saitama|Fukaya]]) || [[Gunma Prefecture]] ([[Isesaki]]) || {{coord|36.2444|N|139.2628|E}} ||
|-
| (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Japan}} || [[Tokyo]] ([[Machida, Tokyo|Machida]]) || [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] ([[Sagamihara]]) || {{coord|35.5989|N|139.3565|E}}<br />{{coord|35.5984|N|139.3637|E}} ||
|-
| [[Nishiōizumimachi]]|| 0.002 || {{flag|Japan}} || [[Tokyo]] ([[Nerima|Nerima Ward]]) || [[Saitama Prefecture]] ([[Niiza]]) || {{coord|35.7634|N|139.5669|E}}|| The enclave is a small street.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/564029331 | title=Way: 564029331 | date=23 November 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| Wes || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Planken]] || [[Schaan]] || {{coord|47|11|3|N|9|32|1|E}} ||One of the 4 exclaves of Planken ([[Liechtenstein#Demographics|map]])
|-
| Brunnenegg|| || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Schaan]] || [[Planken]] || {{coord|47|10|44|N|9|33|1|E}} ||One of the 4 exclaves of Schaan ([[Liechtenstein#Demographics|map]])
|-
| Rüttistein || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Vaduz]] || [[Planken]] || {{coord|47|11|13|N|9|33|2|E}} ||One of the 6 exclaves of Vaduz ([[Liechtenstein#Demographics|map]])
|-
| Forst || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Vaduz]] || [[Schaan]] || {{coord|47|10|34|N|9|31|34|E}} ||One of the 6 exclaves of Vaduz ([[Liechtenstein#Demographics|map]])
|-
| (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Dubăsari District]] || [[Transnistria]]n-controlled [[Dubăsari District, Transnistria|Dubăsari District]] || {{coord|47|20.2|N|29|12.5|E}}, {{coord|47|22|9|N|29|17|42|E}} || Transnistria is ''de facto'' independent, but not recognised by any [[member states of the United Nations]]. Control of two highways (east of Roghi, west of Vasilievca) by Transnistria in this [[frozen conflict]] created these two neighbouring enclaves.
|-
| [[Condrița]] || || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Chișinău| Chișinău municipality]] || [[Strășeni District]] ([[Scoreni]] commune) || {{coord|47|03|20.4|N|28|34|13.6|E}} ||
|-
| {{ill|Văduleni|ro|Văduleni, Chișinău}} || || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Chișinău| Chișinău municipality]] || [[Criuleni district]] || {{coord|47|4|12|N|29|4|53|E}} ||
|-
| || {{hs|0.24}}~0.24 || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Călărași District]] ([[Bahmut]] commune) || [[Ungheni District]] ([[Hîrcești]] commune) || {{coord|47|20|21|N|28|6|44|E}} ||
|-
| || {{hs|0.96}}~0.96 || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Ocnița District]] ([[Unguri]] commune) || [[Dondușeni District]] || {{coord|48|20|13|N|27|45|40|E}} ||
|-
| || {{hs|0.45}}~0.45 || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Călărași District]] ([[Vărzăreștii Noi]] commune) || [[Strășeni District]] || {{coord|47|11|10|N|28|28|58|E}} ||
|-
| || {{hs|2.1}}~2.1 || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Orhei District]] ([[Peresecina]] commune) || [[Criuleni District]] || {{coord|47|11|33|N|28|51|01|E}} ||
|-
| Central Ulaanbaatar || 3944 || rowspan="2" | {{flag|Mongolia}} || rowspan="2" | [[Ulaanbaatar]] || rowspan="2" | [[Töv Province]] || {{coord|47|57|N|107|0|E}} || rowspan="2" | Ulaanbaatar is divided into three sections, of which two are enclaves
|-
|[[Bagakhangai]]
|140
| {{coord|47|21|N|107|29|E}}
|-
| [[Sambú]] || 1296.4 || {{flag|Panama}} || [[Comarca Emberá-Wounaan]] || [[Darién Province]] ([[Chepigana District]]) || {{coord|7|51|N|78|8|W}} ||
|-
| El Bale || || {{flag|Panama}} || [[Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca]] ([[Ñürüm District|Ñürüm]]) || [[Veraguas Province]] ([[Cañazas District]]) || {{coord|8|21|N|81|22|W}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;Cerro Pelado ''and'' •&nbsp;(near El Piro) || || {{flag|Panama}} || [[Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca]] ([[Müna District|Müna]]) || [[Veraguas Province]] ([[Las Palmas District]]) || {{coord|8|10|N|81|32|W}}, {{coord|8|13|30|N|81|31|22.37|W}} ||The unnamed parcel is a crescent-shaped forested area bordered by streams.
|-
| •&nbsp;Bakama ''and'' •&nbsp;(includes Trinidad) || || {{flag|Panama}} || [[Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca]] ([[Müna District|Müna]]) || [[Chiriquí Province]] ([[Tolé District]]) || {{coord|8|15.5|N|81|36|W}}, {{coord|8|13.9|N|81|34.7|W}} ||The village of Trinidad appears to be the only population center in the unnamed parcel.
|-
|Lomopog
|
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|[[Soccsksargen]] ([[Cotabato]] — [[Midsayap]])
|[[Bangsamoro]]
|{{Coord|7|05.27|N|124|27.21|E|display=inline}}
|A [[barangay]] that became enclaved when its neighboring barangays seceded from Midsayap to join Bangsamoro as the new municipalities of [[Kadayangan]] and [[Nabalawag]].
|-
|Southwestern Pikit
|
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|[[Soccsksargen]] ([[Cotabato]] — [[Pikit]])
|[[Bangsamoro]]
|{{Coord|7|01.15|N|124|35.29|E}}
|Consists of barangays Damalasak, Katilacan, Kolambog, Paidu Pulangi, Pamalian, Punol, and Silik that became enclaved when their neighboring barangays seceded from Cotabato to join Bangsamoro as the new municipality of [[Tugunan]].
|-
|Northeast Kapalawan-Old Kaabakan
|
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|[[Bangsamoro]] ([[Special Geographic Area]])
|[[Soccsksargen]] ([[Cotabato]])
|{{Coord|7|14.08|N|124|49.29|E|display=inline}}
|Consists of barangays Buluan, Kitulaan, Langogan, Manarapan, Nanga-an, Pebpoloan, Pedtad, Simbuhay, Simone, and Tamped that seceded from Cotabato to join Bangsamoro. Some of these barangays are now the northeastern part of the new municipality of [[Kapalawan]], while the rest are almost all the barangays of the new municipality of [[Old Kaabakan]].
|-
|Sanggadong
|
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|[[Bangsamoro]] ([[Special Geographic Area]])
|[[Soccsksargen]] ([[Cotabato]])
|{{Coord|7|8.16|N|124|52.90|E|display=inline}}
|A barangay that seceded from [[Kabacan]], Cotabato to join Bangsamoro. It is now part of the new municipality of Old Kaabakan.
|-
| [[Zelenograd|Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug]] || 37.22 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Moscow]] || [[Moscow Oblast]] || {{coord|55|59.3|N|37|11.7|E}} ||
|-
| [[Vostochny District, Moscow|Vostochny]] (2 parcels)<ref>{{cite web|title = Law of the City of Moscow from May 5, 2010 № 17: On the General Plan of Moscow|url = https://stroi.mos.ru/document/322|access-date = 2018-01-26|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083931/https://stroi.mos.ru/document/322|archive-date = January 27, 2018|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning of the City of Moscow|title=The general plan of the city of Moscow – Territorial planning documents|url=http://www.mka.mos.ru/specialists/documents/|access-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022180854/http://www.mka.mos.ru/specialists/documents/|archive-date=2013-10-22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gpinfo.mka.mos.ru/kniga_3/images/img00049.jpg |access-date=2013-10-16 |title=Area of the planned deployment of federal and regional capital housing, (Map, grid 49) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022145111/http://gpinfo.mka.mos.ru/kniga_3/images/img00049.jpg |archive-date=2013-10-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> || 3.20 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Moscow]] ([[Eastern Administrative Okrug]] – [[Vostochny District, Moscow|Vostochny District]]) || [[Moscow Oblast]] ({{ill|Balashikha Urban Okrug|ru|Балашиха (городской округ)}}) || {{coord|55|48.9|N|37|52.1|E}}, {{coord|55|49|27|N|37|52|19|E}} || These two enclaves within Moscow Oblast are separated only by the width of the road between them.
|-
| {{ill|Akulovo (Moscow)|lt=Akulovo|ru|Акулово (Восточный административный округ)}} (2 parcels)<ref>{{cite web | title=Refinement of the description of the borders of the city of Moscow and territories that make up the city of Moscow | url=http://lawru.info/base71/part8/d71ru8595.htm | access-date=2013-10-17 | publisher=Metropolitan Board of Solution | date=29 May 2000 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017230210/http://lawru.info/base71/part8/d71ru8595.htm | archive-date=17 October 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Symbols of the District | url= http://www.vostochnyj.ru/glavnya.htm | access-date= 2013-10-17 | publisher=(click on "Границы поселка Акулово" to see map) | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131207125055/http://vostochnyj.ru/glavnya.htm | archive-date= 2013-12-07 | url-status= dead }}</ref> || {{hs|0.19}}~0.16 and ~0.024 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Moscow]] ([[Eastern Administrative Okrug]] – [[Vostochny District, Moscow|Vostochny District]]) || [[Moscow Oblast]] || {{coord|56|0.42|N|37|47.74|E}}, {{coord|56|0.2|N|37|47.6|E}} || Two small enclaves
|-
| {{ill|Machikhino|ru|Мачихино (деревня)}} || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Moscow]] ([[Troitsky Administrative Okrug]] – {{ill|Kiyevsky Settlement|ru|Поселение Киевский}}) || [[Moscow Oblast]] ([[Naro-Fominsky District]] – {{ill|Naro-Fominsky Urban Settlement|ru|Городское поселение Наро-Фоминск}}) || {{coord|55|19.2|N|36|54.9|E}} ||Machikhino became part of "{{ill|New Moscow (2011–2012)|lt=New Moscow|ru|Расширение территории Москвы (2011—2012)}}" on 1 July 2012.
|-
| {{ill|Rublevo-Arkhangelsky|lt=Arkhangelsky|ru|Рублёво-Архангельское}} (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Moscow]] ([[Western Administrative Okrug]] – [[Kuntsevo District]]) || [[Moscow Oblast]] ([[Krasnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast|Krasnogorsky District]]) || {{coord|55|48|N|37|17.9|E}}, {{coord|55|47|N|37|20|E}} ||Arkhangelsky became part of "{{ill|New Moscow (2011—2012)|lt=New Moscow|ru|Расширение территории Москвы (2011—2012)}}" on 1 July 2012. The smaller parcel has an area of 2.33&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.
|-
| {{ill|Konezavod, VTB|ru|Конезавод, ВТБ}} (i.e., "Stud Farm, VTB") ||27.18 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Moscow]] ([[Western Administrative Okrug]] – [[Kuntsevo District]]) || [[Moscow Oblast]] ([[Odintsovsky District]]) || {{coord|55|43.8|N|37|0.8|E}} ||This enclave became part of "{{ill|New Moscow (2011–2012)|lt=New Moscow|ru|Расширение территории Москвы (2011—2012)}}" on 1 July 2012, with bizarrely twisting borders that touch [[Krasnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast|Krasnogorsky]] and [[Odintsovsky District]]s and [[Zvenigorod|Zvenigorod Urban Okrug]]. Two landowners, MKZ "Moscow Stud Farm N1" (about 1100 hectares) and [[VTB Bank]] with 1,082 hectares,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://topre.ru/publication/621.html|archive-url= https://archive.today/20131008202722/http://topre.ru/publication/621.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 8 October 2013|title= Рублевка против Москвы|date= 13 March 2012|access-date= 2013-10-15}}</ref> own nearly all of it.
|-
| (2 parcels) || {{hs|1.7}}~1.7 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Agryzsky District]]) || [[Udmurtia]] ([[Kiyasovsky District]] – {{ill|Mushakovskoye rural settlement|ru|Мушаковское (сельское поселение)}}) || {{coord|56|11.574|N|53|4.29|E}}, {{coord|56|11.826|N|53|5.418|E}}||Two enclaves
|-
| {{ill|Novaya Kokshan|ru|Новый Кокшан}} || {{hs|3}}~3.0 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Mendeleyevsky District]] – {{ill|Monashevskoye rural settlement|ru|Монашевское сельское поселение}}) || [[Udmurtia]] ([[Grakhovsky District]] – {{ill|Novogorskoye rural settlement|ru|Новогорское (сельское поселение)}}) || {{coord|56|3.6|N|52|12.96|E}} || Lies on the {{ill|Kokshanka River|ru|Кокшанка}}
|-
| (4 parcels) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Drozhzhanovsky District]]) || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Shemurshinsky District]] – {{ill|Shemurshinskoye rural settlement|ru|Шемуршинское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|52.854|N|47|18.36|E}}, {{coord|54|50.91|N|47|18.732|E}}, {{coord|54|52.344|N|47|20.858|E}}, {{coord|54|50|44|N|47|14|32|E}} || Four enclaves
|-
| upper Inesh valley || {{hs|2.4}}~2.4 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Kaybitsky District]]) || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Yantikovsky District]]) || {{coord|55|22.908|N|47|43.11|E}} ||
|-
| {{ill|Novoye Bayderyakovo|ru|Новое Байдеряково}} || {{hs|10}}~10 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Yalchiksky District]] – {{ill|Lashch-Tayabinskoye rural settlement|ru|Лащ-Таябинское сельское поселение}}) || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Buinsky District]]) || {{coord|55|0.972|N|48|6.18|E}} ||
|-
| Chuvashskiye Entugany – {{ill|Maksim Gorkiy|ru|Максим Горький (Чувашия)}} || {{hs|1.2}}~1.2 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Shemurshinsky District]] – {{ill|Chepkas-Nikolskoye rural settlement|ru|Чепкас-Никольское сельское поселение}}) || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Buinsky District]]) || {{coord| 54|54.66|N|47|50.1|E}} ||
|-
| {{ill|Kanash (Shemurshinsky District)|lt=Kanash|ru|Канаш (Шемуршинский район)}} || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Shemurshinsky District]] – {{ill|Shemurshinskoye rural settlement|ru|Шемуршинское сельское поселение}}) || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Drozhzhanovsky District]]) || {{coord| 54|45.648|N|47|50.76|E}} || west of [[Malaya Tsilna, Republic of Tatarstan|Malaya Tsilna]]
|-
| (3 parcels) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Krasnochetaysky District]] – {{ill|Atnarskoye rural settlement|ru|Атнарское сельское поселение}}) || [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] ([[Pilninsky District]]) || {{coord| 55|34.104|N|46|8.178|E}}, {{coord|55|34|2|N|46|7|16|E}}, {{coord|55|34|15|N|46|7|24|E}} ||Three enclaves
|-
| (4 parcels) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] ([[Pilninsky District]]) || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Krasnochetaysky District]] – {{ill|Atnarskoye rural settlement|ru|Атнарское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord| 55|31.584|N|46|8.55|E}}, {{coord| 55|33.102|N|46|8.922|E}}, {{coord| 55|32.484|N|46|7.4184|E}}, {{coord|55|32|47|N|46|6|3|E}} || Four enclaves
|-
| (3 parcels) || {{hs|55}}~55 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Omsk Oblast]] ([[Krutinskiy District]]) || [[Tyumen Oblast]] ([[Abatskiy District]]) || {{coord|56|0|54.97| N|70|46|36.01|E}}, {{coord|55|56|37.75|N|70|45|51.52|E}}, {{coord|56|22|40.08|N|70|47|35.34|E}} ||Three enclaves
|-
| (2 parcels) || {{hs|13}}~13 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tyumen Oblast]] ([[Abatskiy District]] – {{ill|Konevskoye rural settlement|ru|Коневское сельское поселение (Тюменская область)}}) || [[Omsk Oblast]] ([[Krutinskiy District]]) || {{coord|56|20|36.85|N|71|3|18.4|E}}, {{coord|56|18|32.8|N|71|13|31.44|E}} ||Two enclaves
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Kemerovo Oblast]] ([[Novokuznetskiy District]]) || [[Altai Krai]] ([[Yeltsovsky District]] – {{ill|Pushtulim village council|ru|Пуштулимский сельсовет}}) || {{coord|53|21|N|86|47|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tatarstan]] ([[Arsky District]] – {{ill|Novokinerskoye rural settlement|ru|Новокинерское сельское поселение}}) || [[Mari El Republic]] ([[Morkinsky District]] – {{ill|Shorunzhinskoye rural settlement|ru|Шоруньжинское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|56|29|32|N|49|32|29|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Tyumen Oblast]] ([[Nizhnetavdinsky District]]) || [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]] ([[Slobodo-Turinsky District]] – {{ill|Slobodo-Turinsky Rural Settlement|ru|Слободо-Туринское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|57|34.5|N|64|51.8|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || {{hs|1}}~1.0 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Penza Oblast]] ([[Mokshansky District]]) || [[Mordovia]] ([[Insarsky District]] – {{ill|Sialeevsko-Pyatienskoye rural settlement|ru|Сиалеевско-Пятинское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|53|41|09|N|44|28|12|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Mordovia]] ([[Kovylkinsky District]]) || [[Penza Oblast]] ([[Narovchatsky District]] – {{ill|Novopichursky village council|ru|Новопичурский сельсовет}}) || {{coord|53|49|45.3|N|43|52|8.5|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Mordovia]] ([[Tengushevsky District]] – {{ill|Dachnoye rural settlement|ru|Дачное сельское поселение}}) || [[Ryazan Oblast]] ([[Kadomsky District]] – {{ill|Kushchapinskoye rural settlement|ru|Кущапинское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|31|47.6|N|42|36|8|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| {{ill|Mukhanov (village)|lt=Mukhanov|ru|Муханов (посёлок)}} || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Ryazan Oblast]] ([[Kadomsky District]] – {{ill|Kushchapinskoye rural settlement|ru|Кущапинское сельское поселение}}) || [[Mordovia]] ([[Tengushevsky District]] – {{ill|Dachnoye rural settlement|ru|Дачное сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|33.4|N|42|38.9|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Kaluga Oblast]] ([[Mosalsky District]] – {{ill|Derevnya Lyudkovo rural settlement|ru|Сельское поселение «Деревня Людково»}}) || [[Smolensk Oblast]] ([[Ugransky District]] – {{ill|Vskhodskoye rural settlement|ru|Всходское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|41|7|N|34|25|24.5|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| Porzhala tract || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]] ([[Kargopolsky District]] – {{ill|Ukhotskoye rural settlement|ru|Ухотское сельское поселение}}) || [[Vologda Oblast]] ([[Vytegorsky District]] – {{ill|Kemsky Rural Settlement|ru|Сельское поселение Кемское (Вытегорский район)}}) || {{coord|61|2|31|N|38|4|0|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]] ([[Achitsky District]]) || [[Perm Krai]] ([[Suksunsky District]]) || {{coord|57|4|0|N|57|52|3|E}} ||One enclave
|-
| (3 parcels) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Kirov Oblast]] ([[Verkhnekamsky District]] – {{ill|Lesnoye urban settlement|ru|Лесное городское поселение}}) || [[Perm Krai]] ([[Gaynsky District]]) || {{coord|60|48|N|52|22|E}}, {{coord|60|43.5|N|52|2.5|E}}, {{coord|60|38|N|51|59|E}} ||
|-
| {{ill|Chursya|ru|Чурсья}} || {{hs|0.8}}~0.8 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Kirov Oblast]] ([[Oparinsky District]] – {{ill|Oparinskoye urban settlement|ru|Опаринское городское поселение}}) || [[Komi Republic]] ([[Priluzsky District]] – {{ill|Noshul rural settlement|ru|Ношуль (сельское поселение)}}) || {{coord|60|1|N|48|37|E}} ||
|-
| [[Khoseda-Khardsky]] || 5.12 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] ([[Zapolyarny District]]) || [[Komi Republic]] ({{ill|Inta urban district|ru|Инта (городской округ)}}) || {{coord|66|50|N|59|32|E}} ||
|-
| {{ill|Khvoyny (Krasnoye Selo)|lt=Khvoyny|ru|Хвойный (Красное Село)}} || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Saint Petersburg]] ([[Krasnoselsky District, Saint Petersburg|Krasnoselsky District]] – [[Krasnoye Selo]]) || [[Leningrad Oblast]] ([[Gatchinsky District]] – {{ill|Taitskoye urban settlement|ru|Таицкое городское поселение}}) || {{coord|59|40.5|N|30|4.4|E}} ||
|-
| (1 parcel) || {{hs|31}}~31 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Samara Oblast]] ([[Kinel-Cherkassky District]]) || [[Orenburg Oblast]] ([[Buguruslansky District]] – {{ill|Pilyuginsky village council|ru|Пилюгинский сельсовет}}) || {{coord|53|22|N|52|16|E}} ||
|-
| (1 parcel) || {{hs|1.5}}~1.5 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Ulyanovsk Oblast]] ([[Starokulatkinsky District]] – {{ill|Starokulatkinskoye urban settlement|ru|Старокулаткинское городское поселение}}) || [[Saratov Oblast]] ([[Khvalynsky District]] – {{ill|Yelshanskoye municipal formation|ru|Елшанское муниципальное образование (Хвалынский район)}}) || {{coord|52|37|N|47|50|E}} ||
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Udmurtia]] ([[Sarapulsky District]] – {{ill|Oktyabrskoye rural settlement|ru|Октябрьское (сельское поселение, Сарапульский район)}}) || [[Perm Krai]] ({{ill|Chaykovsky urban district|ru|Чайковский городской округ}}) || {{coord|56|37|N|53|58|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;{{ill|Kirgisul|ru|Киргисуль}} ''and'' •&nbsp;{{ill|Yuferovskoye|ru|Юферовское}} || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] ([[Sharypovsky District]]) || [[Khakassia]] ([[Ordzhonikidzevsky District, Republic of Khakassia|Ordzhonikidzevsky District]] – {{ill|Ordzhonikidze village council|ru|Орджоникидзевский сельсовет (Хакасия)}}) || {{coord|55|23.4|N|88|34.9|E}}, {{coord|55|17.6|N|88|39.4|E}} ||
|-
| (1 parcel) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Astrakhan Oblast]] ([[Limansky District]]) || [[Kalmykia]] || {{coord|45|30|N|46|41|E}} ||
|-
| (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Kalmykia]] ([[Chernozemelsky District]] – {{ill|Narynkhuduk rural municipal formation|ru|Нарынхудукское сельское муниципальное образование}}) || [[Astrakhan Oblast]] ([[Limansky District]]) || {{coord|45|46|N|46|58|E}}, {{coord|46|5|N|47|5|E}} ||
|-
| [[Cerca de Villaño]]<ref name="GG">{{cite journal |last1=García Galán |first1=Nicolás |title=Territorios separados en España: origen y situación actual |journal=Espacio, Tiempo y Forma |date=2017 |issue=10 |pages=121–164 |doi=10.5944/etfvi.10.2017.18696 |url=http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:ETFSerieVI-2017-5020/Territorios_separados.pdf |access-date=12 May 2022 |series=Serie VI Geografía |language=es |issn=1130-2968}}</ref> || 0.0036 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] ([[Biscay]] – [[Orduña-Urduña]]) || [[Castile and León]] ([[Province of Burgos]] – [[Valle de Losa]]) || {{Coord|42|58|09|N|3|07|21|W}} ||
|-
| {{bulletedlist|[[Cezura]]|{{ill|Lastrilla|es}}}} || {{hs|6.7}} {{unbulletedlist|~1.7|~5.0}} || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Castile and León]] ([[Province of Palencia]] – [[Pomar de Valdivia]]) || [[Cantabria]] ([[Valderredible]]) || {{coord|42|49|N|4|10.2|W}}, {{coord|42|48.7|N|4|5.9|W}} ||Two enclaves
|-
| [[Dehesa de la Cepeda]] || {{hs|14}}~14 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Community of Madrid]] ([[Santa María de la Alameda]]) || [[Castile and León]] || {{coord|40|39.8|N|4|17.3|W}} || On the northern slopes of [[Sierra de Guadarrama]]
|-
| Los Barrancos || 1.26 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Castile-La Mancha]] ([[Province of Guadalajara]] – [[Torrejón del Rey]]) || [[Community of Madrid]] || {{coord|40|38|N|3|22.3|W}} ||
|-
| {{bulletedlist|[[Petilla de Aragón]]|[[Los Bastanes]]}} || 27.55 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Navarre]] || [[Aragon]] ([[Province of Zaragoza]]) || {{coord|42|27.5|N|1|5.5|W}}, {{coord|42|25.3|N|1|10|W}} ||Petilla de Aragón is a municipality in northern Spain formed by these two enclaves. 
|-
| {{bulletedlist|{{ill|Sajuela|es}}|{{ill|El Ternero|es}}}} || 3.5 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Castile and León]] ([[Province of Burgos]] – [[Miranda de Ebro]]) || [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] || {{coord|42|36.6|N|2|59.4|W}}, {{coord|42|36.1|N|2|56.1|W}} ||Two enclaves
|-
| [[Treviño exclave|Treviño]] || 279.58 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Castile and León]] ([[Province of Burgos]]) || [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] ([[Álava]]) || {{coord|42|44|N|2|42|W}} ||
|-
| [[Valle de Villaverde]] || 19.53 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Cantabria]] || [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] ([[Biscay]]) || {{coord|43|14|N|3|17|W}} ||
|-
| [[Fahr Abbey]] || 0.0148 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Aargau]] ([[Baden District, Aargau|Baden District]] – [[Würenlos]]) || [[Canton of Zurich]] ([[Dietikon District]] – [[Unterengstringen]]) || {{coord|47|24|30|N|8|26|21|E}} || From 1803 through 2007 this [[Benedictine]] convent was not part of a municipality.
|-
| [[Grimmenstein monastery]] || || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] ([[Oberegg District]]) || [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] ([[Walzenhausen]]) || {{coord|47|26|36|N|9|36|46|E}} ||
|-
| [[Wonnenstein Friary]] || || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] ([[Schlatt-Haslen]]) || [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] ([[Teufen, Appenzell Ausserrhoden|Teufen]]) || {{coord|47|23|11|N|9|21|45|E}} ||
|-
| [[Münchenwiler]] || 2.5 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Bern]] ([[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]) || [[Canton of Fribourg]] ([[See District, Fribourg|See District]]) || {{coord|46|54.7|N|7|7.5|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Surpierre]] ''and'' •&nbsp;[[Vuissens]] || 10.43 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Fribourg]] ([[Broye District]]) || [[Vaud]] || {{coord|46|44.7|N|6|50.5|E}}, {{coord|46|44.1|N|6|46.2|E}} ||Surpierre includes the villages of Surpierre, Villeneuve, Cheiry and Prèvond-avaux.
|-
| {{ill|Wallenbuch|de}} || 1.4 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Fribourg]] ([[See District, Fribourg|See District]] – [[Gurmels]]) || [[Canton of Bern]] ([[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]) || {{coord|46|55.9|N|7|13.5|E}} ||
|-
| [[Céligny|La Grande/La Petite Coudre]] (Céligny) || || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Geneva]] ([[Céligny]]) || [[Vaud]] ([[Nyon District]]) || {{coord|46|20|54|N|6|10|24|E}} || The municipality of Céligny consists of two exclaves of the Canton of Geneva within the Canton of Vaud. The smaller of the two is enclaved within Vaud. The larger one also has a water border with France and thus is not an enclave.
|-
| [[Steinhof]] || 1.64 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Solothurn]] ([[Wasseramt District]] – [[Aeschi]]) || [[Canton of Bern]] ([[Oberaargau]]) || {{coord|47|9.5|N|7|41.2|E}} ||
|-
| [[Slavutych]] || 2.53 || {{flag|Ukraine}} || [[Kyiv Oblast]] || [[Chernihiv Oblast]] || {{coord|51|31.8|N|30|43.5|E}} ||
|-
| [[Kotsiubynske]] || 0.87 || {{flag|Ukraine}} || [[Kyiv Oblast]] ([[Irpin]]) || [[Kyiv]] ([[Sviatoshyn]]) || {{coord|50|29.3|N|30|20|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;the above-water part of [[Liberty Island]] ''and'' •&nbsp;the original portion of [[Ellis Island]] not created by [[land reclamation|landfill]] ||0.0785 || {{Flagu|United States}} || [[New York (state)|New York]] ([[New York City]] – [[Manhattan]]) || [[New Jersey]] ([[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]] – [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]) || {{coord|40|41.4|N|74|2.7|W}}, {{coord|40|41|59|N|74|2|22|W}} ||The size of the original portion of Ellis Island and its environs is 4.68 acres (0.0189&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> ) of the overall area of 27.5 acres.<ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = Hagstrom Map Company, Inc
| isbn = 978-0-88097-763-0
| title = Hudson County New Jersey Street Map
| year = 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/specmastrpt/Orig120_033197.pdf|title=In the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1996, State of NEW JERSEY v. State of NEW YORK, Final Report of the Special Master, Appendix F|date=31 March 1997|last=Verkuil|first=Paul R.|page=14a|access-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030010013/http://www.supremecourt.gov/specmastrpt/Orig120_033197.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Richard G. Castagna; Lawrence L. Thornton, John M. Tyrawski. GIS and Coastal Boundary Disputes: Where is Ellis Island?. ESRI. Retrieved 2013-11-16. "The New York portion of Ellis Island is landlocked, enclaved within New Jersey's territory."</ref> From a 1998 [[New Jersey v. New York|U.S. Supreme Court decision]] it follows that a seawall that was completed in 1914 made the original Ellis Island a true enclave within New Jersey.
|-
| •&nbsp;(main part of city), •&nbsp;[[Ulugbek (town)|Ulugbek]] || 334.8 || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || [[Tashkent]] || [[Tashkent Province]] || {{coord|41|18|N|69|16|E}}, {{coord|41|24|10|N|69|27|14|E}} ||
|-
| •&nbsp;(includes Khanabad and others) || || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || [[Tashkent Province]] ([[Zangiata District]]) || [[Tashkent]] || {{coord|41|13|56|N|69|15|56|E}} ||
|}

=== Other subnational ===
* In [[Australia]]:
** The larger of the two parts of the [[Aboriginal Shire of Doomadgee]] in [[Queensland]] is surrounded by the [[Shire of Burke]]. Except for the ocean, the smaller part is nearly surrounded also by the Shire of Burke.
* In [[China]]:
** [[Chaoyang District, Beijing#Developments|Chaoyang District]] has one exclave that comprises Terminals 1 and 2 of [[Beijing Capital International Airport]] and the immediately surrounding service area. It is an enclave of [[Shunyi District|Shunyi]] that used to be Shunyi Subdistrict of Chaoyang District. The main reason for the existence of this exclave is because the financing for the building of these Terminals was largely carried by Chaoyang District and this political organisation ensures that they continue to pay taxes to Chaoyang District. Note: Terminal 3 is not a part of this exclave as it was built for the 2008 Summer Olympics and was built after the formation of Shunyi District. See a map of the exclave, not including Terminal 3, on Google Maps.<ref>Google Maps, showing Beijing International airport. https://www.google.ca/maps/place/Shunyi,+Beijing,+China/@40.0656499,116.5945627,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x35f10e639db67a1b:0x26c645466b3a9fe1?hl=en. The red-line highlights the exclave including Terminals 1 and 2. Terminal 3 is to the southeast of the exclave at the north end of the road loop seen there.</ref>
* In [[Croatia]]:
**In [[Osijek-Baranja County]], the municipality of [[Bilje, Croatia|Bilje]] has one exclave ([[Zlatna Greda]]) inside the municipality of [[Kneževi Vinogradi]].
*In [[Estonia]]:
** In [[Ida-Viru County]], the town of [[Kohtla-Järve]] consists of five separated areas within a distance of 22&nbsp;km. Of these exclaves, Kukruse and Oru districts are also enclaves, since they are surrounded by [[Toila Parish]].
** Kudruküla and Olgina districts of [[Narva]] town are surrounded by the town of [[Narva-Jõesuu]].
* In [[France]] (''[[département in France|départements]]''):
** [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] has one exclave inside [[Meuse (department)|Meuse]].
** [[Nord (département)|Nord]] has one exclave in [[Pas-de-Calais]].
** [[Oise]] has three exclaves in [[Aisne]]: one comprises the village of Chavres, while the other two are uninhabited parcels of land in the [[Forest of Retz]].
* In [[Germany]]: {{ill|Brunn (Nuremberg)|lt=Brunn|de|Brunn (Nürnberg)}} is an exclave of [[Nuremberg]], [[Middle Franconia]], [[Bavaria]].
* In [[Indonesia]]:
** The district of Mulyorejo in [[Surabaya]] has an exclave inside the neighbouring Sukolilo district.
** In [[Kutai Kartanegara Regency]], the village of Sumber Sari is an enclave of Kota Bangun Darat district, located inside [[Kota Bangun]].
* In [[India]], the district of [[Kangpokpi district|Kangpokpi]] in [[Manipur]] state has an exclave that is an enclave within [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]] district. 
* In [[Italy]]:
** In [[Aosta Valley]]: the municipality of [[La Magdeleine]] has an exclave within the municipality of [[Antey-Saint-André]].
** In [[Apulia]]: the [[Metropolitan City of Bari]] (the municipality of [[Locorotondo]]) has three exclaves inside the [[Province of Taranto]]; 
***In the [[Metropolitan City of Bari]]: [[Castellana Grotte]] has an exclave within [[Alberobello]] and one within [[Conversano]]; [[Polignano a Mare]] has two exclaves inside [[Conversano]]; [[Santeramo in Colle]] has an exclave within [[Cassano delle Murge]]; [[Terlizzi]] has an exclave inside [[Ruvo di Puglia]].
***In the [[Province of Taranto]]: [[Massafra]] has five exclaves inside [[Crispiano]]; [[Taranto]] has an exclave inside [[Grottaglie]].
*** In the [[Province of Foggia]]: [[San Marco in Lamis]] has an exclave inside [[San Giovanni Rotondo]]; [[Manfredonia]] has one exclave inside San Giovanni Rotondo, and San Giovanni Rotondo has one inside Manfredonia; [[San Severo]] has two exclaves inside [[Foggia]]; [[Pietramontecorvino]] has four exclaves inside [[Lucera]]; [[Stornara]] has two exclaves inside [[Orta Nova]].
** In [[Basilicata]]: the [[Province of Matera]] has an exclave inside the [[Province of Potenza]]. 
** In [[Campania]]: [[Pannarano]] is an exclave of the [[Province of Benevento]] inside the [[Province of Avellino]].
*** In the [[Province of Caserta]]: [[Caserta]] has three exclaves inside [[Capua]]. 
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Naples]]: [[Ottaviano]] has two small exclaves within [[Nola]].
** In [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]: [[Grimacco]] has an enclave within [[Drenchia]], and Drenchia has one in Grimacco.
** In [[Lombardy]]
*** In the [[Province of Pavia]]: [[Pieve del Cairo]] has enclave inside [[Mezzana Bigli]].
** In [[Marche]]: the [[Province of Pesaro and Urbino]] (the municipality of [[Monte Porzio]]) has two small exclaves within the [[Province of Ancona]]. 
** In [[Molise]]:
*** In the [[Province of Campobasso]]: [[Montenero di Bisaccia]] has an exclave inside [[Tavenna]]. 
** In [[Piedmont]], the [[Province of Cuneo]] has an enclave (Carutti in the municipality of [[Barge, Piedmont|Barge]]) inside the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]].
*** In the [[Province of Asti]], [[Soglio, Piedmont|Soglio]] has two and [[Cinaglio]] one exclave inside [[Camerano Casasco]]. 
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]], [[Carignano, Piedmont|Carignano]] has three exclaves inside [[Carmagnola]]. 
** In [[Sicily]], the [[Metropolitan City of Palermo]] has an enclave within [[Province of Agrigento|Agrigento]] (San Biagio); the province of [[Province of Caltanissetta|Caltanissetta]] has an enclave within Palermo ([[Resuttano]]); and the province of [[Province of Enna|Enna]] has an enclave within Caltanissetta.
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Palermo]]: [[Roccapalumba]] has an exclave within [[Caccamo]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Trapani]]: [[Gibellina]] has a small exclave within [[Santa Ninfa]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Enna]]: [[Piazza Armerina]] has one exclave within [[Enna]] and another one within [[Aidone]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Caltanissetta]]: [[Serradifalco]] has an exclave inside [[Caltanissetta]]. 
** In [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]:
*** In the [[Trentino|Autonomous Province of Trentino]]: [[Pellizzano]] has an exclave within [[Peio]]; [[Calliano, Trentino|Calliano]] has an exclave inside [[Besenello]].
* In [[Japan]]:
** The [[Aichi Prefecture]] town and city on [[Kōta, Aichi|Kōta]], has an exclave surrounded by [[Nishio, Aichi|Nishio]].
** The ward of [[Nagoya]] has an enclave, also known Honjigaoka, that is surrounded by [[Owariasahi, Aichi|Owariasahi]]. 
** The city of [[Fujiyoshida]] and town of [[Fujikawaguchiko]] in [[Yamanashi Prefecture]] have enclaves within each other:
*** Fujiyoshida in has two exclaves within Fujikawaguchiko.
*** Fujikawaguchiko has three exclaves within Fujiyoshida, one being a [[Shinto Shrine]] on [[Mount Fuji]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://taro240.blog32.fc2.com/blog-entry-22.html | title=旅トラベルjp ～略して"旅寅"～ 富士山の謎 境界と飛地 }}</ref>
** The city of [[Funabashi]], [[Chiba Prefecture]], has an enclave surrounded by [[Kamagaya]]
** The town of [[Kasagi, Kyoto|Kasagi]], [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]] has an exclave surrounded by the city of [[Kizugawa, Kyoto|Kizugawa]]
** The city of [[Ide, Kyoto|Ide]], Kyoto has an exclave surrounded by Kizugawa.
** The town of [[Kumiyama, Kyoto|Kumiyama]], Kyoto has an exclave surrounded by [[Uji]]
* In [[Norway]]
**[[Sandefjord Municipality]] has one exclave, [[Himberg (Sandefjord)|Himberg]], located inside the neighbouring [[Larvik Municipality]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Larsen|first=Erlend |year=2016|title=Tre kommuner blir til én|publisher=Erlend Larsen Forlag|page=13|language=no|isbn=9788293057277}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Davidsen|first=Roger |year=2008|title=Et Sted i Sandefjord|publisher=Sandar Historielag|page=139|isbn=9788299456753|language=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jøranlid|first=Marianne |year=1996|title=40 trivelige turer i Sandefjord og omegn|publisher=Vett Viten|pages=114–117|language=no|isbn=9788241202841}}</ref>
**[[Malvik Municipality]] includes three farmsteads, Øvre Jøsås, Store Jøsås and Lille Jøsås, forming two separate enclaves that are surrounded by [[Stjørdal Municipality]].<ref name="no">{{cite web| url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/borders/no_exclaves.htm| title=Domestic enclaves/exclaves of Norway| access-date=2013-10-19| first=Jan S.| last=Krogh| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424201740/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/borders/no_exclaves.htm| archive-date=2013-04-24| url-status=live}}</ref> The eastern enclave at {{coord|63|20|52|N|10|52|37|E}} consists of Øvre Jøsås and Store Jøsås, while Lille Jøsås is the western enclave at {{coord|63|20|48|N|10|51|44|E}}. The closest distance between the two enclaves was only about {{convert|8|m}}.
* In the [[Philippines]]:
** [[Manila South Cemetery]] is an exclave of the district of [[San Andres, Manila|San Andres]], located in the capital city of [[Manila]]. It is divided and surrounded by [[Makati]].
* In [[Poland]]:
** Two fragments of the village of [[Jaworze, Silesian Voivodeship|Jaworze]] in the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Jaworze|Jaworze]], which belong to [[Bielsko County]], [[Silesian Voivodeship]], are surrounded by the municipality of [[Gmina Brenna|Brena]] in [[Cieszyn County]], Silesian Voivodeship. One exclave has an area of {{circa}} 2 ha and lies around 10 m from the rest of the county, while the other exclave has an area of {{circa}} 5 ha and lies around 50 m from the rest of the county. Both exclaves lie around 80 m from each other.
** A plot of land, No. 2056, which belongs to the [[city with powiat rights|city-county]] of [[Gdynia]] is an exclave surrounded by the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Kosakowo|Kosakowo]] in [[Puck County]], [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]].
** A small portion of the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Goczałkowice-Zdrój|Goczałkowice-Zdrój]], which belongs to [[Pszczyna County]], [[Silesian Voivodeship]], is an exclave surrounded by the municipality of [[Gmina Chybie|Chybie]] in [[Cieszyn County]], Silesian Voivodeship. It is separated from the rest of the county by a narrow strip of land, with a width of around 35 m, which contains the railway tracks owned by Cieszyn County.
** Two small fragments of the village of [[Koźminiec]] in the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Dobrzyca|Dobrzyca]] in [[Pleszew County]], [[Greater Poland Voivodeship]], are exclaves surrounded by the municipality of [[Gmina Rozdrażew|Rozdrażew]] in [[Krotoszyn County]], Greater Poland Voivodeship.
** The village of [[Lisek, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Lisek]], which belongs to the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Fabianki|Fabianki]], in [[Włocławek County]], [[Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship]], is separated from the rest of the county by the municipalities of [[Gmina Lipno, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Lipno]] and [[Gmina Bobrowniki, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Bobrowniki]] in [[Lipno County]], Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The enclave has an area of {{circa}} 5 km² and is located about 1.5 km from the rest of municipality.
** A small portion of the village of [[Chyża, Lublin Voivodeship|Chyża]] located within [[Zamość County]], [[Lublin Voivodeship]], is an enclave, which is an exclave separated from the rest of the village by a strip of land that belongs to the [[city with powiat rights|city-county]] of [[Zamość]]. The exclave has an area of {{circa}} 10.5 ha, while the strip of land separating it has a width of 90 m.
** A small portion of the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Zduńska Wola|Zduńska Wola]], which belongs to [[Zduńska Wola County]], [[Łódź Voivodeship]], is an exclave surrounded by the municipality of [[Gmina Sieradz|Sieradz]] in [[Sieradz County]], Łódź Voivodeship. The exclave has an area of {{circa}} 1.2 km² and is located about 100 m from the main portion of the county.
* In [[Portugal]], as a consequence of administrative reforms during the 19th century (in the 1830s, then again in the 1850s, and to a much lesser extent in the 1890s), as well as more recent legislation forbidding the creation of territorial discontinuities,<ref name="pt-conc">Art. 4, № 5 of Law № 142/85, from 18 November (law on the creation of municipalities)</ref><ref name="pt-freg">Art. 6, № 1 of Law № 8/93, from 5 March (law on the creation of civil parishes)</ref> there are almost no sub-national exclaves or enclaves, and the few that persist are on the municipal or civil parish level:
** In the [[Coimbra]] municipality, the civil parish of Taveiro has an exclave that is enclaved within the civil parish of Ribeira de Frades.
** In the [[Vila Real de Santo António]] municipality, the entire civil parish of Vila Nova de Cacela is an exclave that is enclaved within the [[Castro Marim]] municipality.
* In [[Russia]], within the city of [[Moscow]], the [[Western Administrative Okrug]] has three exclaves that are not exclaves of Moscow itself. Two of them make up [[Vnukovo District]], and one of these is enclaved by the [[Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug]]. Vnukovo was an exclave of Moscow until the 2012 creation of "New Moscow".
* In [[Spain]] the following provincial level exclaves that are also enclaves exist:<ref name="GG"/>
** In [[Andalusia]], Villar is an exclave of the [[province of Córdoba (Spain)|province of Córdoba]] within the [[province of Seville]].
** In [[Castile and León]]:
*** {{ill|Dehesa de San Llorente|es}} is an exclave of the [[province of Valladolid]] within the [[province of León]].
*** [[Villodrigo]] and [[Aguanares]] are exclaves of the [[province of Palencia]] within the [[province of Burgos]].
*** {{Interlanguage link|La Rebolleda|es}} is an exclave of the [[province of Burgos]] within the [[province of Palencia]].
** In [[Catalonia]]:
*** {{ill|Can Vies, Tarragona|ca|Can Vies (l'Arboç)|lt=Can Vies}} is an exclave of the [[province of Tarragona]] within the [[province of Barcelona]].
*** {{Interlanguage link|Malagarriga|ca|Malagarriga|lt=Malagarriga|WD=}} is an exclave of the [[province of Lleida]] within the [[province of Barcelona]].
*** [[Rovira de Baix]] is an exclave of the [[province of Girona]] within the [[province of Barcelona]].
*** {{Interlanguage link|Valiellas|es|Valiellas|lt=Valielles|WD=}} and [[Sant Pere de Graudescales]] are exclaves of the [[province of Barcelona]] within the [[province of Lleida]].
* In [[Sweden]] many [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipalities]] have exclaves (most notably the municipalities of [[Dalarna County]]).
* In the [[United States|United States of America]]:
** In [[Alaska]], the community of [[Klukwan, Alaska|Klukwan]] is surrounded by [[Haines Borough, Alaska|Haines Borough]], even though the community is part of the [[Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska|Hoonah-Angoon Census Area]], which is in turn part of the [[Unorganized Borough, Alaska|Unorganized Borough]].
** In [[California]]
*** [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] has eight exclaves surrounded by unincorporated [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]], one of which is connected at a quadripoint.
*** [[Vacaville]] has two exclaves, both surrounded by unincorporated [[Solano County]]. One is separated from the main city limits by the unincorporated village of [[Elmira, California|Elmira]]. 
*** [[Adelanto, California|Adelanto]] has three exclaves, surrounded by incorporated Victorville.
***[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] has two exclaves, surrounded by unincorporated San Bernardino County.
***[[Loma Linda, California|Loma Linda]] has three exclaves, surrounded by the city of San Bernardino
***[[Redlands, California|Redlands]] has four exclaves. One surrounded by the city of San Bernardino, and three surrounded by unincorporated San Bernardino county<ref>{{cite web |title=San Bernardino LAFCO GIS Portal – Directory for boundaries and information of cities, towns, and districts within the county |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/collections/9f95490e03de471da538098bad6e073d?item=1 |website=ArcGIS StoryMaps |publisher=San Bernardino County LAFCO |access-date=23 April 2023 |language=en |date=2 November 2021}}</ref>
** In [[Colorado]], [[Arapahoe County, Colorado|Arapahoe County]] has seven exclaves within [[Denver|the City and County of Denver]], including the city of [[Glendale, Colorado|Glendale]] and the unincorporated neighborhood of [[Holly Hills, Colorado|Holly Hills]]. In turn, Denver has a counter-exclave surrounded by Glendale. [[Jefferson County, Colorado|Jefferson County]] also has five exclaves, three of which are surrounded by Denver. Additionally, [[Boulder County, Colorado|Boulder]] and [[Weld County, Colorado|Weld]] counties both have an exclave within the City and County of [[Broomfield, Colorado|Broomfield]], and Broomfield has an exclave in Boulder County.
** In [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Bibb County, Georgia|Bibb County]] has an exclave within [[Monroe County, Georgia|Monroe County]]. This boundary is disputed, however.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bibbmonroebattle.com/|title=Bibb-Monroe County Line Dispute Front Page|date=2 February 2011|access-date=14 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202222409/http://bibbmonroebattle.com/|archive-date=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macon.com/2013/09/10/2656658/georgia-justices-consider-macon.html|title=Georgia Supreme Court hears arguments in Bibb-Monroe border war|access-date=14 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130911105701/http://www.macon.com/2013/09/10/2656658/georgia-justices-consider-macon.html|archive-date=11 September 2013}}</ref>
** In [[Kentucky]], following the merger of the [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] and [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] governments in 2003, the new Louisville Metro has several disjoint parcels of land throughout the county, of which some are enclaves in other cities.
** In [[Minnesota]], [[Mendota Heights, Minnesota|Mendota Heights]] has an exclave that is surrounded by [[Lilydale, Minnesota|Lilydale]].
** In [[New Jersey]], [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown Township]] in [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]] has an exclave surrounded by the borough of [[Keansburg, New Jersey|Keansburg]].<ref name = NJweird>{{cite news | last = O'Dea | first = Colleen | title = The List: Donuts, Holes, and Exclaves – New Jersey' Weird Geography | publisher = NJ Spotlight | date = March 23, 2014 | url = http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/14/03/23/the-list-donuts-holes-and-exclaves-new-jersey-s-weird-geography/ | access-date = 2014-03-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140325160803/http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/14/03/23/the-list-donuts-holes-and-exclaves-new-jersey-s-weird-geography/ | archive-date = March 25, 2014 | url-status = live }}</ref>
** In [[Ohio]]:
*** In [[Montgomery County, Ohio|Montgomery County]], there are several cities with enclaves and exclaves. [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] has one exclave, consisting of [[Dayton International Airport]]. Dayton also surrounds several enclaves that belong to the cities of [[Trotwood, Ohio|Trotwood]] and [[Riverside, Ohio|Riverside]]. Riverside also has several exclaves that border more than one city as well as additional parcels that are connected to the city only by a roadway. [[Clayton, Ohio|Clayton]] contains several enclaves surrounded by [[Englewood, Ohio|Englewood]] and one that is completely surrounded by [[Union, Ohio|Union]]. Other than Dayton's exclave, these enclaves and exclaves were formed by municipality-township mergers in the 1990s.
*** In [[Summit County, Ohio|Summit County]]:
**** The city of [[Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio|Cuyahoga Falls]] has four small enclave/exclaves along its border with the city of [[Akron, Ohio|Akron]]. Several houses along Smith Road are legally in the Falls, while neighbors and municipal lands on all sides of the properties are legally within Akron.
**** [[Bath Township, Summit County, Ohio|Bath Township]] has four exclaves, of which one is an enclave of Akron.
**** [[Springfield Township, Summit County, Ohio|Springfield Township]] has six exclaves, of which two are enclaves in Akron.
**** [[Coventry Township, Ohio|Coventry Township]] has six exclaves, of which five are enclaves in Akron. Two of these are joined at a quadripoint.
**** [[Twinsburg Township, Summit County, Ohio|Twinsburg Township]] has seven exclaves, of which four are enclaves in the city of [[Twinsburg, Ohio|Twinsburg]]. The city in turn has one piece connected by only a quadripoint, otherwise surrounded by the township.
** In [[Oregon]], the location of several businesses, including the world headquarters of [[Nike, Inc.]], is surrounded by the city of [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]], but is within [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]].
** In [[Pennsylvania]], [[Cumru Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania|Cumru Township]] in [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks County]] has two exclaves, both separated by the city of [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], and one of them is an enclave in Reading.
** In [[Tennessee]]:
*** [[Loudon County, Tennessee]] has two exclaves, one of which is surrounded by [[Monroe County, Tennessee|Monroe County]]. There is a third parcel connected at a quadripoint, but otherwise surrounded by [[Roane County, Tennessee|Roane County]].
*** [[Dickson County, Tennessee|Dickson County]] has an exclave surrounded by [[Cheatham County, Tennessee|Cheatham County]].
*** [[Davidson County, Tennessee|Davidson County]] has an exclave surrounded by [[Wilson County, Tennessee|Wilson County]].
** In [[Virginia]], [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County]] has an exclave within the [[Fairfax, Virginia|City of Fairfax]] that houses the county courthouse and some other county governmental offices. [[Prince William County, Virginia|Prince William County]] has an exclave within the [[Manassas, Virginia|City of Manassas]] that houses the county courthouse and some other county governmental offices. [[Montgomery County, Virginia|Montgomery County]] has a small exclave consisting of two houses inside the independent city of [[Radford, Virginia|Radford]].<ref name=MontRad>{{cite news | last = Salinas | first = Orlando | title = Three voters in Radford will cost Montgomery County thousands of dollars | publisher = WDBJ | date = July 8, 2014 | url = http://www.wdbj7.com/news/local/three-voters-in-radford-will-cost-montgomery-county-thousands-of-dollars/26851698 | access-date = 2014-07-17 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140718023835/http://www.wdbj7.com/news/local/three-voters-in-radford-will-cost-montgomery-county-thousands-of-dollars/26851698 | archive-date = July 18, 2014 }}</ref> Note that in Virginia, communities that are incorporated as ''cities'' are completely separate from counties; see [[Political subdivisions of Virginia]].

== Enclaves that are not exclaves ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Mount Royal, Quebec]] -->
[[File:LocationLesotho.svg|thumb|[[Lesotho]] (shown in red) is completely surrounded by [[South Africa]]]]
{{See also|List of countries that border only one other country}}
Each enclave listed in this section has a legal status equivalent to the one other entity that entirely surrounds it. None of the enclaves has a separate main region of which it is a part.

===National level===
Some enclaves are sovereign states, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]]s. Three such sovereign countries exist:

The same logic applies to many of the sub-national enclaves listed immediately following.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px;; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
! Country
! data-sort-type="number"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Enclaved within
! Coordinates
! Notes
|-
| {{flag|Lesotho}} || 30,355 || {{flag|South Africa}} || {{coor|29.6|S|28.3|E}} ||
|-
| {{flag|San Marino}} || 61.2 || {{flag|Italy}} || {{coor|43|56|30|N|12|27|30|E}} ||
|-
| {{flag|Vatican City}} || 0.44 || {{flag|Italy}} ([[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital]] – [[Rome]]) || {{coor|41|54.2|N|12|27.2|E}} ||
|}

===First-order subnational level===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|-
!Name !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Parent Country !! Enclaved within !! Coordinates !! Notes
|-
| [[Australian Capital Territory]] || 2358 || {{flag| Australia }} || [[New South Wales]] || {{coord| 35.5|S|149|E }} || 
|-
| [[Vienna]] || 414.65 || {{flag| Austria }} || [[Lower Austria]] || {{coord| 48|13|N|16|24|E }} || Vienna was the capital of Lower Austria until 1922, when it became a province of its own.<br />Between 1922 and 1986, Lower Austria did not have its own [[Sankt Pölten|capital]], and the province's administration had its seat in Vienna.
|-
| [[Mingachevir]] || 47 || {{flag| Azerbaijan }} || [[Yevlakh District]] || {{coord| 40|45|N|46|59|E }} || 
|-
| [[Naftalan, Azerbaijan|Naftalan]] || 3.57263 || {{flag| Azerbaijan }} || [[Goranboy District]] || {{coord| 40|30.5|N|46|49|E }} || 
|-
| [[Shaki, Azerbaijan|Shaki]] || 9 || {{flag| Azerbaijan }} || [[Shaki District]] || {{coord| 41|12|N|47|10.1|E }} || 
|-
| Khankendi/[[Stepanakert]] || 29.12 || {{flag| Azerbaijan }} || [[Khojaly District]]/[[Askeran Province]] || {{coord| 39|49.3|N|46|45.3|E }} || 
|-
| [[Yevlakh]] || 95 || {{flag| Azerbaijan }} || [[Yevlakh District]] || {{coord| 40|36.8|N|47|8.5|E }} || 
|-
| [[Brussels]] || 161.38 || {{flag| Belgium }} || [[Flemish Region]] ([[Flemish Brabant]]) || {{coord| 50|50|N|4|22|E }} || 
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]] || 678.46 || {{flag| Cambodia }} || [[Kandal Province]] || {{coord| 11|33.5|N|104|52.5|E }} || 
|-
| [[Prague]] || 496 || {{flag| Czech Republic }} || [[Central Bohemian Region]] || {{coord| 50|4|N|14|28|E }} || City serves as Region's capital
|-
| [[Frederiksberg]] || 8.7 || {{flag| Denmark }} || [[Copenhagen]] || {{coord| 55|40.9|N|12|31.5|E }} || 
|-
| [[Addis Ababa]] || 527 || {{flag| Ethiopia }} || [[Oromia Region]] ([[Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]) || {{coord| 8|59|N|38|47.5|E }} || 
|-
| [[Harari Region]] || 334 || {{flag| Ethiopia }} || [[Oromia Region]] ([[East Hararghe Zone]]) || {{coord| 9|17|N|42|11|E }} || 
|-
| [[Berlin]] || 891.7 || {{flag| Germany }} || [[Brandenburg]] || {{coord| 52.5|N|13.4|E }} || 
|-
| [[Budapest]] || 525.2 || {{flag| Hungary }} || [[Pest County]] || {{coord| 47.5|N|19.1|E }} || City serves as County's capital.
|-
| [[Almaty]] || 682 || {{flag| Kazakhstan }} || [[Almaty Province]] || {{coord| 43|17|N|76|56|E }} || 
|-
| [[Astana]]|| 710.2 || {{flag| Kazakhstan }} || [[Akmola Province]] || {{coord| 51|11.3|N|71|26.2|E }} || 
|-
| [[Baikonur]] || 57 || {{flag| Kazakhstan }} || [[Kyzylorda Province]] || {{coord| 45|52|N|63|20|E }} || 
|-
| [[Bishkek]] || 127 || {{flag| Kyrgyzstan }} || [[Chüy Region]] || {{coord| 42|53|N|74|36|E }} || 
|-
| [[Daugavpils]] || 72.48 || {{flag| Latvia }} || [[Augšdaugava Municipality]] || {{coord| 55|53.4|N|26|32.9|E }} || City serves as Municipality's capital
|-
| [[Jelgava]] || 60.56 || {{flag| Latvia }} || [[Jelgava Municipality]] || {{coord| 56|38|54|N|23|42|50|E }} || City serves as Municipality's capital
|-
| [[Rēzekne]] || 17.48 || {{flag| Latvia }} || [[Rēzekne Municipality]] || {{coord| 56|30.6|N|27|20.5|E }} || City serves as Municipality's capital
|-
| [[Kuala Lumpur]] || 243 || {{flag| Malaysia }} || [[Selangor]] || {{coord| 3|8.6|N|101|41|E }} || 
|-
| [[Putrajaya]] || 49 || {{flag| Malaysia }} || [[Selangor]] ([[Sepang District]]) || {{coord| 2|55.8|N|101|41.5|E }} || 
|-
| [[Bamako]] || 245 || {{flag| Mali }} || [[Koulikoro Region]] ([[Kati Cercle]]) || {{coord| 12|37|N|7|59|W }} || 
|-
| [[Darkhan-Uul Province]] || 3275 || {{flag| Mongolia }} || [[Selenge Province]] || {{coord| 49|22|N|106|18|E }} || 
|-
| [[Niamey]] || 239.3 || {{flag| Niger }} || [[Tillabéri Region]] || {{coord| 13|31.2|N|2|6.5|E }} || 
|-
| [[Taipei]] || 271.8 || {{flag| Taiwan }} || [[New Taipei City]] || {{coord| 25|5|N|121|33|E }} || 
|-
| [[Bucharest]] || 228 || {{flag| Romania }} || [[Ilfov County]] || {{coord| 44|26|N|26|6|E }} || 
|-
| [[Adygea]] || 7600 || {{flag| Russia }} || [[Krasnodar Krai]] || {{coord| 44.6|N|40|E }} || 
|-
| [[Gwangju]] || 501.24 || {{flag| South Korea }} || [[South Jeolla Province]] || {{coord| 35|9|N|126|50|E }} || 
|-
| [[Damascus Governorate]] || 1599 || {{flag| Syria }} || [[Rif Dimashq Governorate]] || {{coord| 33|30|N|36|22|E }} || 
|-
| [[Dushanbe]] || 124.6 || {{flag| Tajikistan }} || [[Districts of Republican Subordination]] || {{coord| 38|33.6|N|68|45.9|E }} || City serves as Region's capital
|-
| [[Arima]] || 12 || {{flag| Trinidad and Tobago }} || [[Tunapuna–Piarco]] || {{coord| 10|37.9|N|61|16.6|W }} || 
|-
| [[Kyiv]] || 839 || {{flag| Ukraine }} || [[Kyiv Oblast]] || {{coord| 50|26|N|30|32|E }} || City serves as Oblast's capital
|-
| [[Sana'a|Amanat Al Asimah Governorate]] || 126 || {{flag| Yemen }} || [[Sana'a Governorate]] || {{coord| 15|25|N|44|14|E }} || City of Sana'a serves as capital of both Governorates
|}

===Other subnational===
{{Main|List of cities surrounded by another city}}
* In [[Australia]]:
** In [[New South Wales]], the [[City of Broken Hill]] is surrounded by the [[Unincorporated Far West Region]].
** In [[South Australia]]:
*** The [[District Council of Coober Pedy]] is surrounded by the [[Outback Communities Authority]].
*** The [[City of Mount Gambier]] is surrounded by the [[District Council of Grant]].
*** The [[Municipal Council of Roxby Downs]] is surrounded by the [[Outback Communities Authority]].
** In [[Queensland]]
*** The [[Cherbourg Aboriginal Shire Council]] is surrounded by the [[South Burnett Region|South Burnett Regional Council]].
** In the [[Northern Territory]]
*** The [[Town of Alice Springs]] is surrounded by the [[MacDonnell Region|MacDonnell Regional Council]].
** In [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], a few unincorporated areas for ski resorts form enclaves within the surrounding shires: [[Falls Creek, Victoria|Falls Creek]] and [[Mount Hotham]] within [[Alpine Shire]] and [[Mount Baw Baw]] in [[Baw Baw Shire]]. In addition, [[Mount Buller]] and [[Mount Stirling]] share a border with each other, but are surrounded by [[Mansfield Shire]].
* In [[Austria]]: In [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]], [[Innsbruck-Land District]] completely surrounds the district of [[Innsbruck]]. 
* In [[Brazil]]:
** In [[Goiás]]: [[Portelândia]] is surrounded by [[Mineiros]].
** In [[Mato Grosso do Sul]]: [[Ladário]] is surrounded by [[Corumbá]].
** In [[Rio Grande do Sul]]: [[Arroio do Padre]] is surrounded by [[Pelotas]].
** In [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]: [[Águas de São Pedro]] is surrounded by [[São Pedro, São Paulo|São Pedro]].
* In [[Canada]]:
**In [[Quebec]], the city of [[Westmount, Quebec|Westmount]], the town of [[Mount Royal, Quebec|Mount Royal]], and, collectively, the municipalities of [[Hampstead, Quebec|Hampstead]], [[Côte Saint-Luc]] and [[Montreal West, Quebec|Montreal West (Montréal-Ouest)]] are all enclaves in the city of [[Montreal]]. Similarly, the city of [[L'Ancienne-Lorette]] is an enclave in [[Quebec City]] after the demerger on 1 January 2006.
* In the [[China|People's Republic of China]]: In the [[Xinjiang]] autonomous region, the prefecture-level city of [[Karamay]] (that has two non-contiguous parts) and the county-level city of [[Kuytun]] (a part of the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]) are completely surrounded by the [[Tacheng Prefecture]] (that is also technically part of the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]).
* In [[Colombia]], in the [[Bogotá, Capital District|Capital District]], [[La Candelaria, Bogotá|La Candelaria]] locality is an enclave within [[Santa Fe, Bogotá|Santa Fe locality]].
* In [[Estonia]], two towns are enclaves, surrounded by a single parish:
**[[Viljandi]] town is surrounded by [[Viljandi Parish]]
**[[Võru]] town is surrounded by [[Võru Parish]]
* In [[Ethiopia]]: 
**The town and woreda of [[Debre Berhan]] is an enclave inside [[Basona Werana]] ("Baso and Werana") woreda, located in the [[Semien Shewa Zone (Amhara)|Semien Shewa Zone]] in the [[Amhara Region]].
**The city and separate woreda of [[Gambela (woreda)|Gambela]] is surrounded by [[Gambela Zuria]] ("Greater Gambela") woreda, located in the [[Anuak Zone]] in the [[Gambela Region]].
**The city and special zone of [[Mek'ele]] (comprising two woredas) is an enclave within [[Enderta (woreda)|Enderta]] woreda, located in the [[Debub Misraqawi Zone|Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone]] in the [[Tigray Region]].
**The town and woreda of [[Weldiya]] is an enclave inside [[Guba Lafto]] woreda, located in the [[Semien Wollo Zone]] in the [[Amhara Region]].
**The town and woreda of [[Debre Marqos]] is an enclave inside [[Guzamn]] woreda, located in the [[Misraq Gojjam Zone]] in the [[Amhara Region]].
* In [[Finland]]:
**The town of [[Kauniainen]] is enclosed by the city of [[Espoo]]. The two are located west of [[Helsinki]], in the [[Helsinki Metropolitan Area]].
**The municipality of [[Enonkoski]] is encircled by the city of [[Savonlinna]]. 
* In [[Iceland]], the municipality of [[Hveragerði]] is an enclave in [[Ölfus|Sveitarfélagið Ölfus]].
* In [[Indonesia]]:
** In [[North Sumatra]]:
*** [[Padang Sidempuan]] City is surrounded by [[South Tapanuli Regency]].
*** [[Pematangsiantar]] City is surrounded by [[Simalungun Regency]].
*** [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjungbalai]] City is surrounded by [[Asahan Regency]].
*** [[Tebing Tinggi]] City is surrounded by [[Serdang Bedagai Regency]].
** In [[West Sumatra]]:
*** [[Bukittinggi]] City is surrounded by [[Agam Regency]].
*** [[Payakumbuh]] City is surrounded by [[Lima Puluh Kota Regency]].
** In [[Jambi]], [[Jambi (city)|Jambi]] City is surrounded by [[Muaro Jambi Regency]].
** In [[West Java]]:
*** [[Bogor]] City is surrounded by [[Bogor Regency]].
*** [[Sukabumi]] City is surrounded by [[Sukabumi Regency]].
** In [[Central Java]]:
*** [[Magelang]] City is surrounded by [[Magelang Regency]].
*** [[Salatiga]] City is surrounded by [[Semarang Regency]].
** In [[East Java]]:
*** [[Blitar]] City is surrounded by [[Blitar Regency]].
*** [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]] City is surrounded by [[Kediri Regency]].
*** [[Malang]] City is surrounded by [[Malang Regency]].
** In [[East Kalimantan]], [[Samarinda]] City is surrounded by [[Kutai Kartanegara Regency]].
** In [[North Sulawesi]], [[Tomohon]] City is surrounded by [[Minahasa Regency]].
* In [[Ireland]]:
** In [[Kildare County Council]], [[Naas]] Urban [[Electoral division (Ireland)|Electoral division]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.townlands.ie/kildare/naas-urban/ | title=Naas Urban }}</ref> is surrounded by Naas Rural ED.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.townlands.ie/kildare/naas-rural/ | title=Naas Rural }}</ref>
* In [[Italy]]:
** In [[Apulia]], in the [[Province of Lecce]], the municipality of [[Surbo]] is an enclave inside the municipality of [[Lecce]]. 
** In [[Sicily]]:
*** In the [[Province of Agrigento]]: [[San Giovanni Gemini]] is an enclave inside [[Cammarata]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Catania]]: [[Maletto]] is an [[enclave]] within [[Bronte, Sicily|Bronte]] and meets Bronte and eight other municipalities ([[Adrano]], [[Belpasso]], [[Biancavilla]], [[Castiglione di Sicilia]], [[Nicolosi]], [[Randazzo]], [[Sant'Alfio]], [[Zafferana Etnea]]) at [[quadripoint#Multipoints of greater numerical complexity|one point]] at the top of [[Mount Etna]]. 
** In [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]:
*** In the [[Trentino|Autonomous Province of Trentino]]: [[Samone, Trentino|Samone]] is an enclave inside [[Castel Ivano]].
* In [[Israel]], the political system where [[Regional council (Israel)|regional councils]] are distinct from [[City council (Israel)|city councils]] leads to a plethora of subnational enclaves. For instance,
** [[Sderot]] is an enclave within the [[Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council]].
** The [[Bedouin]] towns of [[Rahat]] and [[Laqiya]], as well as the suburb of [[Lehavim]], are enclaves within the [[Bnei Shimon Regional Council]].
** [[Yeruham]] and [[Mitzpe Ramon]] are enclaves in [[Ramat HaNegev Regional Council]].
** [[Beit She'an]] is an enclave within the [[Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council]].
* In [[Lithuania]], a few city municipalities are enclaved in the district municipalities of the same names, including [[Šiauliai city municipality|Šiauliai]], [[Panevėžys city municipality|Panevėžys]], and [[Alytus city municipality|Alytus]].
* In [[Mexico]], in the state of [[Nuevo León]], the municipality of [[Hualahuises]] is surrounded by the municipality of [[Linares, Nuevo León|Linares]].
* In [[New Zealand]], the [[Kawerau|Kawerau District]] [[Territorial authorities of New Zealand|territorial authority]] is completely surrounded by the [[Whakatāne District]].
* In [[North Korea]], in [[South Pyongan]] province, Ch'ŏngnam district is an enclave in Mundŏk county.
* In [[Poland]], the municipal neighbourhood of [[Etap, Warsaw|Etap]], in the city of [[Warsaw]], within the district of [[Ursynów]], is an enclave surrounded by the municipal neighbourhood of [[Jeziorki, Warsaw|Jeziorki]]. Both were established in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ursynow.um.warszawa.pl/-/jednostki-pomocnicze|title=Jednostki pomocnicze dzielnicy Ursynów m.st. Warszawy|website=ursynow.um.warszawa.pl|language=pl|date=26 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ursynow.um.warszawa.pl/-/osiedle-etap|title=Osiedle Etap|language=pl|website=ursynow.um.warszawa.pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ursynow.um.warszawa.pl/-/osiedle-jeziorki|title=Osiedle Jeziorki|website=ursynow.um.warszawa.pl|language=pl}}</ref>
* In the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (Taiwan): [[Chiayi]] City is an enclave of [[Chiayi County]].
* In [[Romania]], [[București - Ilfov|București – Ilfov]] development region is enclaved within the [[Sud (development region)|Sud]] (South) development region.
* In [[Togo]], in [[Centrale Region, Togo|Centrale Region]], the prefecture of [[Blitta]] is surrounded by the prefecture of [[Sotouboua]].
* In the [[United Kingdom]]:
** The [[England|English]] unitary authorities of [[Nottingham]], [[Derby]], [[Stoke-on-Trent]], and [[Leicester]] are enclaves in the administrative counties of [[Nottinghamshire]], [[Derbyshire]], [[Staffordshire]], and [[Leicestershire]], respectively.
** In [[Cambridgeshire]]: the City of [[Cambridge]] is a local government district completely surrounded by the district of [[South Cambridgeshire]].
** In [[Cheshire]]: the unpopulated [[civil parish]] of [[Chester Castle (civil parish)|Chester Castle]] is completely surrounded by the unparished area of [[Chester]]. Both form part of the borough of [[Cheshire West and Chester]].
** The [[City of London]] is a [[Ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county]] enclaved within, and distinct from, that of [[Greater London]].
** Two parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom may also be described as enclaves: the constituencies of [[Bath (UK Parliament constituency)|Bath]] and [[York Central (UK Parliament constituency)|York Central]] are completely surrounded by the constituencies of [[North East Somerset (UK Parliament constituency)|North East Somerset]] and [[York Outer (UK Parliament constituency)|York Outer]], respectively.
* In the [[United States|United States of America]]:
** In [[Arizona]]:
*** The [[Hopi Reservation]] is surrounded by the [[Navajo Nation|Navajo]] Reservation.
*** The city of [[South Tucson, Arizona|South Tucson]] is an enclave in the city of [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]].
** In [[Arkansas]], the City of [[Cammack Village, Arkansas|Cammack Village]] is an enclave of [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]].
** In [[California]]:
*** In 1956, [[Newark, California|Newark]] withdrew from the incorporation of the communities of Washington Township as the city of [[Fremont, California|Fremont]] and is now surrounded by Fremont.
*** [[Piedmont, California|Piedmont]] incorporated in 1907 to avoid annexation by [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] and is now surrounded by Oakland.
*** [[San Pablo, California|San Pablo]], along with two small unincorporated areas, is completely surrounded by [[Richmond, California|Richmond]]
*** The city of [[San Fernando, California|San Fernando]] is an enclave in the city of [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]. [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]] and [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood]] together form another. [[Culver City, California|Culver City]] and the unincorporated community of [[Ladera Heights, California|Ladera Heights]] form a third enclave. 
*** The city of [[Signal Hill, California|Signal Hill]] is entirely surrounded by the city of [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]].
*** The city of [[Villa Park, California|Villa Park]] is an enclave of the city of [[Orange, California|Orange]].
*** The unincorporated area of [[Broadmoor, California|Broadmoor]] is surrounded by [[Daly City]].
*** The unincorporated area of [[Old Fig Garden, California|Fig Garden]] is surrounded by [[Fresno]].
*** Many other California cities have small enclaves of unincorporated area.
** In [[Florida]], the town of [[Baldwin, Florida|Baldwin]] is an enclave within the city of [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]]. The Village of [[Lazy Lake, Florida|Lazy Lake]] is contained entirely within the borders of the city of [[Wilton Manors]].
** In [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Remerton, Georgia|Remerton]] is an enclave of [[Valdosta, Georgia|Valdosta]]; similarly, [[Payne, Georgia|Payne City]] was an enclave within the city of [[Macon, Georgia|Macon]] until it was dissolved in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/en-US/display/20152016/HB/575|title=HB&nbsp;575&nbsp;2015–2016 Regular Session|website=www.legis.ga.gov|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233505/http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/en-US/display/20152016/HB/575|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
** In [[Idaho]], [[Garden City, Idaho|Garden City]] is an enclave in the city of [[Boise]].
** In [[Illinois]], [[Norridge]] and [[Harwood Heights]] together form an enclave in the city of [[Chicago]].
** In [[Indiana]], after the passage of [[Unigov]] in 1970 by the state legislature that merged the government of [[Indianapolis]] and [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion County]], four cities remained independent and did not merge with Indianapolis – three of those cities [[Beech Grove, Indiana|Beech Grove]], [[Southport, Indiana|Southport]], and [[Speedway, Indiana|Speedway]] became enclaves of Indianapolis.
** In [[Iowa]], the city of [[University Heights, Iowa|University Heights]] is entirely surrounded by [[Iowa City, Iowa|Iowa City]].
** In [[Kansas]], the city of [[Eastborough, Kansas|Eastborough]] is entirely surrounded by [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]].
** In [[Kentucky]], when the governments of [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] and [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] merged in 2003, a bewildering array of enclaves was created, as all other incorporated cities in Jefferson County retained their status as separate cities.<ref name=Louisville>{{cite web |url=https://www.lojic.org/sites/default/files/maphub/neighmb4x3.pdf |title=Urban Neighborhoods, Municipalities & Census-Designated Places: Jefferson County, Kentucky |publisher=Louisville/Jefferson County Information Consortium |date=2018-01-20 |access-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083859/https://www.lojic.org/sites/default/files/maphub/neighmb4x3.pdf |archive-date=2018-01-27 |url-status=live }} Note that this map clearly marks the pre-merger boundaries of Louisville.</ref> Note that the entire [[Ohio River]] between the northern and southern low-water marks is now part of Louisville Metro.
*** Three other cities were, and still are, enclaved in cities other than Louisville:
**** [[Norbourne Estates, Kentucky|Norbourne Estates]] and [[Richlawn, Kentucky|Richlawn]] are enclaves of [[St. Matthews, Kentucky|St. Matthews]].
**** [[Woodland Hills, Kentucky|Woodland Hills]] is an enclave of [[Middletown, Kentucky|Middletown]].
*** The merger created many other enclaves within the portion of Louisville Metro that includes pre-merger Louisville but excludes all other pre-existing cities, an entity defined by the [[United States Census Bureau]] as the [[Louisville-Jefferson County (balance), Kentucky|"Louisville-Jefferson County balance"]]. As municipalities, these enclaves are not parts of the "balance," but rather, they are surrounded by the "balance." 
**** These individual enclaves: [[Creekside, Kentucky|Creekside]], [[Fincastle, Kentucky|Fincastle]], [[Glenview Hills, Kentucky|Glenview Hills]], [[Hickory Hill, Kentucky|Hickory Hill]], [[Hills and Dales, Kentucky|Hills and Dales]], [[Hollow Creek, Kentucky|Hollow Creek]], [[Hollyvilla, Kentucky|Hollyvilla]], [[Lynnview, Kentucky|Lynnview]], [[Minor Lane Heights, Kentucky|Minor Lane Heights]], [[Shively, Kentucky|Shively]], [[South Park View, Kentucky|South Park View]], [[Spring Mill, Kentucky|Spring Mill]], and [[Thornhill, Kentucky|Thornhill]].
**** The combination of [[Cambridge, Kentucky|Cambridge]], [[Houston Acres, Kentucky|Houston Acres]], [[Lincolnshire, Kentucky|Lincolnshire]], and [[St. Regis Park, Kentucky|St. Regis Park]].
**** The combination of [[Poplar Hills, Kentucky|Poplar Hills]], [[Watterson Park, Kentucky|Watterson Park]], and [[West Buechel, Kentucky|West Buechel]].
**** The aforementioned cities of Middletown, Norbourne Estates, Richlawn, St. Matthews, and Woodland Hills, along with 46 other municipalities are part of a large composite enclave within the "balance."
** In [[Michigan]]:
*** The city of [[Center Line, Michigan|Center Line]] is completely surrounded by [[Warren, Michigan|Warren]].
*** [[Highland Park, Michigan|Highland Park]] and [[Hamtramck, Michigan|Hamtramck]] border each other, but the two together are completely surrounded by [[Detroit]].
*** The city of [[Lathrup Village, Michigan|Lathrup Village]] is completely surrounded by [[Southfield, Michigan|Southfield]].
*** The city of [[Springfield, Michigan|Springfield]] is completely surrounded by [[Battle Creek, Michigan|Battle Creek]].
** In [[Minnesota]]:
*** The city of [[Centerville, Minnesota|Centerville]] is completely surrounded by [[Lino Lakes, Minnesota|Lino Lakes]].
*** The city of [[Hilltop, Minnesota|Hilltop]] is completely surrounded by [[Columbia Heights, Minnesota|Columbia Heights]].
*** The city of [[Landfall, Minnesota|Landfall]] is completely surrounded by [[Oakdale, Minnesota|Oakdale]].
*** The city of [[Long Lake, Minnesota|Long Lake]] is completely surrounded by [[Orono, Minnesota|Orono]].
*** The city of [[Loretto, Minnesota|Loretto]] is completely surrounded by [[Medina, Minnesota|Medina]].
*** The city of [[Medicine Lake, Minnesota|Medicine Lake]] is completely surrounded by [[Plymouth, Minnesota|Plymouth]].
*** The city of [[Peterson, Minnesota|Peterson]] is completely surrounded by [[Rushford Village, Minnesota|Rushford Village]].
*** The city of [[Rushford, Minnesota|Rushford]] is completely surrounded by [[Rushford Village, Minnesota|Rushford Village]].
*** The city of [[St. Bonifacius, Minnesota|St. Bonifacius]] is completely surrounded by [[Minnetrista, Minnesota|Minnetrista]].
*** The city of [[Willernie, Minnesota|Willernie]] is completely surrounded by [[Mahtomedi, Minnesota|Mahtomedi]].
** In [[Missouri]], the cities of [[Gladstone, Missouri|Gladstone]] and [[North Kansas City, Missouri|North Kansas City]] are separately surrounded by [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]].
** In [[Montana]], when the governments of [[Butte, Montana|Butte]] and [[Silver Bow County, Montana|Silver Bow County]] merged in 1977, the town of [[Walkerville, Montana|Walkerville]] voted not to join the consolidated government, thus becoming an enclave.
** In [[New Jersey]]:
:::{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"|County
! scope="col" style="width:100px;"|Enclaved borough
! scope="col" style="width:130px;"|Enclaved within
! scope="col" style="width:1px;"|
! scope="col" style="width:60px;"|County
! scope="col" style="width:100px;"|Enclaved borough
! scope="col" style="width:140px;"|Enclaved within
|-
|[[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington]]
| [[Fieldsboro, New Jersey|Fieldsboro]]
| [[Bordentown Township, New Jersey|Bordentown Township]]
| rowspan="13" |
|Monmouth 
| [[Freehold Borough, New Jersey|Freehold Borough]]
| [[Freehold Township, New Jersey|Freehold Township]]
|-
|Burlington
|[[Medford Lakes, New Jersey|Medford Lakes]]
|[[Medford, New Jersey|Medford Township]]
|[[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris]]
|[[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]]
|[[Morris Township, New Jersey|Morris Township]]
|-
|Burlington
|[[Pemberton, New Jersey|Pemberton]]
|[[Pemberton Township, New Jersey|Pemberton Township]]
|Morris
|[[Chester Borough, New Jersey|Chester Borough]]
|[[Chester Township, New Jersey|Chester Township]]
|-
|[[Gloucester County, New Jersey|Gloucester]]
|[[Swedesboro, New Jersey|Swedesboro]]
|[[Woolwich Township, New Jersey|Woolwich Township]]
|[[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean]]
|[[Lakehurst, New Jersey|Lakehurst]]
|[[Manchester Township, New Jersey|Manchester Township]]
|-
|[[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon]]
|[[Flemington, New Jersey|Flemington]]
|[[Raritan Township, New Jersey|Raritan Township]]
|Ocean
|[[Lavallette, New Jersey|Lavallette]]
|[[Toms River Township, New Jersey|Toms River Township]]
|-
|Hunterdon
|[[Lebanon, New Jersey|Lebanon]]
|[[Clinton Township, New Jersey|Clinton Township]]
|Ocean
|[[Ocean Gate, New Jersey|Ocean Gate]] 
|[[Berkeley Township, New Jersey|Berkeley Township]]
|-
|[[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]]
|[[Hopewell, New Jersey|Hopewell]]
|[[Hopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey|Hopewell Township]]
|Ocean
|[[Tuckerton, New Jersey|Tuckerton]]
|[[Little Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey|Little Egg Harbor Township]]
|-
|Mercer
|[[Pennington, New Jersey|Pennington]]
|[[Hopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey|Hopewell Township]]
|[[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem]]
|[[Woodstown, New Jersey|Woodstown]]
|[[Pilesgrove Township, New Jersey|Pilesgrove Township]]
|-
|Mercer
|[[Hightstown, New Jersey|Hightstown]]
|[[East Windsor Township, New Jersey|East Windsor Township]]
|[[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex]]
|[[Branchville, New Jersey|Branchville]]
|[[Frankford Township, New Jersey|Frankford Township]]
|-
|[[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex]]
|[[Jamesburg, New Jersey|Jamesburg]]
|[[Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey|Monroe Township]]
|Sussex 
|[[Sussex, New Jersey|Sussex]]<ref name = NJweird/>
|[[Wantage Township, New Jersey|Wantage Township]]
|-
|Middlesex
|[[Metuchen, New Jersey|Metuchen]]
|[[Edison, New Jersey|Edison Township]]
|[[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren]]
|[[Alpha, New Jersey|Alpha]]
|[[Pohatcong Township, New Jersey|Pohatcong Township]]
|-
|[[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth]]
|[[Englishtown, New Jersey|Englishtown]]
|[[Manalapan Township, New Jersey|Manalapan Township]]
|rowspan="2"|Warren
|rowspan="2"|[[Washington, New Jersey|Washington]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Washington Township, Warren County, New Jersey|Washington Township]]
|-
|Monmouth
|[[Farmingdale, New Jersey|Farmingdale]]
|[[Howell Township, New Jersey|Howell Township]]
|}
:* In [[New York (state)|New York]], the city of [[Cortland, New York]], [[county seat|seat]] of [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland County]], is entirely surrounded by the [[Administrative divisions of New York#Town|town]] of [[Cortlandville, New York|Cortlandville]], from which it is legally separate. Likewise, the city of [[Beacon, New York|Beacon]] is surrounded by the [[Fishkill (town), New York|Town of Fishkill]]. 
:* In [[North Dakota]], the city of [[Prairie Rose, North Dakota|Prairie Rose]] is an enclave of [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo]].
:* In [[Ohio]]:
:** The cities of [[Brice, Ohio|Brice]], [[Bexley, Ohio|Bexley]], and [[Whitehall, Ohio|Whitehall]] are all enclaves of [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]].
:** The city of [[Norwood, Ohio|Norwood]] is an enclave of [[Cincinnati]]. The cities of [[Elmwood Place, Ohio|Elmwood Place]], to the north, and [[St. Bernard, Ohio|St. Bernard]], to the south, together form another enclave of Cincinnati.
:** In [[Stark County, Ohio|Stark County]], the village of [[Hills & Dales, Ohio|Hills & Dales]] is enclaved within [[Jackson Township, Stark County, Ohio|Jackson Township]].
:** In [[Summit County, Ohio|Summit County]], the village of [[Lakemore, Ohio|Lakemore]] is surrounded by [[Springfield Township, Summit County, Ohio|Springfield Township]].
:* In [[Oregon]], the city of [[Maywood Park, Oregon|Maywood Park]] is surrounded by [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]].
:* In [[Pennsylvania]], every county in the state other than the counties of [[Fulton County, Pennsylvania|Fulton]], [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pike]] and [[Union County, Pennsylvania|Union]] contains at least one municipality in another municipality. There are at least '''[[List of enclaves in Pennsylvania|338 enclaves]]''' in the state comprising incorporated [[List of places in Pennsylvania|places]] and [[List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania|census-designated places]] within other county subdivisions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/general_ref/cousub_outline/cen2k_pgsz/pa_cosub.pdf |title=Pennsylvania County Subdivision Outline Maps |author=U.S. Census Bureau |year=2000 |access-date=2013-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110000628/http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/general_ref/cousub_outline/cen2k_pgsz/pa_cosub.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-10 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="usnmv">{{cite web |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=USGS National Map Viewer |access-date=2017-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archive-date=2012-03-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Usually, the enclave takes the form of a borough that is surrounded by the township of which it was originally a part, but other scenarios are possible (e.g., the [[Mount Oliver, Pennsylvania|Borough of Mount Oliver]] is an enclave of [[Pittsburgh]]; [[Pitcairn, Pennsylvania|Pitcairn]] borough, of [[Monroeville, Pennsylvania|Monroeville]]; [[Dale, Pennsylvania|Dale]] borough, of [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania|Johnstown]]; and the [[Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania|Lackawanna County]] township of [[Elmhurst Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania|Elmhurst]], of [[Roaring Brook Township, Pennsylvania|Roaring Brook Township]]). While Pennsylvania's urban counties contain few enclaves due to municipal fragmentation, rural areas feature numerous enclaved municipalities. Many resulted from small town centers separating from their rural surrounding areas. 
:* In [[Tennessee]]:
:** The cities of [[Red Bank, Tennessee|Red Bank]] and [[Ridgeside, Tennessee|Ridgeside]] are enclaves in the city of [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]].
:** The city of [[Berry Hill, Tennessee|Berry Hill]] is an enclave of the city of [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]. 
:** The cities of [[Belle Meade, Tennessee|Belle Meade]], [[Forest Hills, Tennessee|Forest Hills]] and [[Oak Hill, Tennessee|Oak Hill]] together form an enclave of the city of Nashville.
:** [[Ooltewah, Tennessee|Ooltewah]] is an enclave of [[Collegedale, Tennessee|Collegedale]].
:* In [[Texas]]:
:** The cities of [[Alamo Heights, Texas|Alamo Heights]], [[Balcones Heights, Texas|Balcones Heights]], [[Castle Hills, Texas|Castle Hills]], [[Hill Country Village, Texas|Hill Country Village]], [[Hollywood Park, Texas|Hollywood Park]], [[Kirby, Texas|Kirby]], [[Leon Valley, Texas|Leon Valley]], [[Olmos Park, Texas|Olmos Park]], [[Shavano Park, Texas|Shavano Park]], and [[Terrell Hills, Texas|Terrell Hills]] are all enclaves of [[San Antonio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gis.sanantonio.gov/ITSD/browsesa/index.html|title=Browse San Antonio|access-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019224507/https://gis.sanantonio.gov/ITSD/browsesa/index.html|archive-date=2013-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref>
:** The cities of [[Bellaire, Texas|Bellaire]], [[West University Place, Texas|West University Place]], and [[Southside Place]] together form an enclave of [[Houston]]. The cities of [[Bunker Hill Village, Texas|Bunker Hill Village]], [[Hedwig Village, Texas|Hedwig Village]], [[Hilshire Village, Texas|Hilshire Village]], [[Hunters Creek Village, Texas|Hunters Creek Village]], [[Piney Point Village, Texas|Piney Point Village]], and [[Spring Valley Village, Texas|Spring Valley Village]] together form another enclave of Houston.
:** The cities of [[Highland Park, Texas|Highland Park]] and [[University Park, Texas|University Park]], collectively known locally as the [[Park Cities, Texas|"Park Cities"]], together form an enclave of [[Dallas]]. In addition, the city of [[Cockrell Hill, Texas|Cockrell Hill]] is also an enclave of Dallas.
:** The city of [[Sunset Valley, Texas|Sunset Valley]] is enclave of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunsetvalley.org/|title=Sunset Valley, Texas|access-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703023146/http://www.sunsetvalley.org/|archive-date=2014-07-03|url-status=live}}</ref>
:** The cities of [[Blue Mound, Texas|Blue Mound]], [[Edgecliff Village, Texas|Edgecliff Village]], [[Haslet, Texas|Haslet]], [[Lake Worth, Texas|Lake Worth]], [[River Oaks, Texas|River Oaks]], [[Saginaw, Texas|Saginaw]], [[Sansom Park, Texas|Sansom Park]], [[Westover Hills, Texas|Westover Hills]], [[Westworth Village, Texas|Westworth Village]], and [[White Settlement, Texas|White Settlement]] are enclaves of [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]
:** The cities of [[Dalworthington Gardens, Texas|Dalworthington Gardens]] and [[Pantego, Texas|Pantego]] together form an enclave of [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]].
:** The city of [[Beverly Hills, Texas|Beverly Hills]] is an enclave of [[Waco, Texas|Waco]].
:* In [[Vermont]]:
:** The [[Rutland (city), Vermont|city of Rutland]] is an enclave of the [[Rutland (town), Vermont|town of Rutland]].
:** The [[St. Albans (city), Vermont|city of St. Albans]] is an enclave of the [[St. Albans (town), Vermont|town of St. Albans]].
:* In [[Virginia]], under Virginia law, all municipalities that are incorporated as ''cities'' are legally [[independent city|independent]] of any [[county]]. Fifteen such enclaves — thirteen individual cities, plus two pairs of adjoining cities — exist within the state; some of the cities that form these enclaves serve as [[county seat]] of the surrounding county:
:** [[Bedford, Virginia|Bedford]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Bedford County, Virginia|Bedford County]]
:** [[Buena Vista, Virginia|Buena Vista]], enclaved within [[Rockbridge County, Virginia|Rockbridge County]]
:** [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Albemarle County, Virginia|Albemarle County]]
:** [[Covington, Virginia|Covington]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Alleghany County, Virginia|Alleghany County]]
:** [[Emporia, Virginia|Emporia]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Greensville County, Virginia|Greensville County]]
:** [[Fairfax, Virginia|Fairfax]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County]]. [[#Subnational enclaves that are also exclaves|As noted above]], the county courthouse is located in an unincorporated portion of Fairfax County that is completely surrounded by the city.
:** [[Harrisonburg, Virginia|Harrisonburg]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Rockingham County, Virginia|Rockingham County]]
:** [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Rockbridge County, Virginia|Rockbridge County]]
:** [[Manassas, Virginia|Manassas]] and [[Manassas Park, Virginia|Manassas Park]] together form an enclave within [[Prince William County, Virginia|Prince William County]]. Manassas is the county seat; [[#Subnational enclaves that are also exclaves|as noted above]], the county courthouse is located in an unincorporated portion of Prince William County that is completely surrounded by the city.
:** [[Martinsville, Virginia|Martinsville]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Henry County, Virginia|Henry County]]
:** [[Norton, Virginia|Norton]], enclaved within [[Wise County, Virginia|Wise County]]
:** [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]] and [[Salem, Virginia|Salem]] together form an enclave within [[Roanoke County, Virginia|Roanoke County]]. The Roanoke County Courthouse is located in Salem, but the rest of the county government is located in the unincorporated community of [[Cave Spring, Virginia|Cave Spring]].
:** [[Staunton, Virginia|Staunton]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Augusta County, Virginia|Augusta County]]
:** [[Waynesboro, Virginia|Waynesboro]], enclaved within [[Augusta County, Virginia|Augusta County]]
:** [[Winchester, Virginia|Winchester]], enclaved within and the county seat of [[Frederick County, Virginia|Frederick County]]
:* In [[Wisconsin]], the village of [[Thiensville, Wisconsin|Thiensville]] is an enclave of the city of [[Mequon, Wisconsin|Mequon]] in [[Ozaukee County, Wisconsin|Ozaukee County]].

== Exclaves that are not enclaves ==
An exclave must always be grouped with a main region of which it is a legal part. In the case of international waters, the main region consists of all international waters not in EEZs. ''All'' potential paths of travel from the exclave to its main region ''must'' cross one or more different administrative-territorial regions having the equivalent legal level. Each exclave listed in this section borders on more than one other region.

===National level===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px;; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|-
! Name
! data-sort-type="number"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Exclave of
! Coordinates
! Notes
|-
| [[Nakhichivan Autonomous Republic]] || 5,500 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || {{coord|39|20|N|45|30|E}} || Bounded by [[Armenia]], [[Iran]], and [[Turkey]]
|-
| [[Strovilia]] (''de facto'') || || {{flag|Cyprus}} || {{coord|35.095|33.900}} || Borders the British [[Sovereign Base Area]] (SBA) of [[Dhekelia Cantonment|Dhekelia]] and the ''de facto'' independent [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (TRNC), which is unrecognised internationally. The TRNC has occupied and controlled the exclave; on 30 June 2000 the TRNC unilaterally absorbed it, despite [[United Nations]] condemnation and lack of recognition.
|-
| [[Gulf of Fonseca]] outer tridominium|| {{hs|190}}~190 || {{flag|Honduras}} || {{coord|13|5|N|87|46|W}} || Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua border the [[Gulf of Fonseca]], a closed sea under international law. Each enjoys a 3-nautical mile [[littoral zone]] of sovereignty along its shores and islands in the gulf. The remaining water area in the gulf comprises a [[Condominium (international law)|tridominium]] that is shared in common among all three nations. The littoral zones (territorial waters) abut each other in a way that forms two separate areas of tridominium waters in the gulf. The outer area opens directly to the Pacific Ocean and is separated from the inner area by the territorial waters of Salvadoran and Nicaraguan islets. The inner area is bordered by the waters of all three countries. The larger outer area is bordered only by the waters of El Salvador and Nicaragua and the closing line of the gulf, such that one cannot travel within the gulf from Honduras to the outer area except by passing through El Salvadoran and Nicaraguan waters. Therefore, the outer water area is an exclave of Honduras that is shared territorially with two other countries.<ref>{{cite thesis |url=http://webquery.ujmd.edu.sv/siab/bvirtual/BIBLIOTECA%20VIRTUAL/TESIS/02/DER/ADGE0001067.pdf |title=Elementos Jurídicos para la Construcción de una Propuesta Tendente a la Recuperación Material y la Soberanía de la Isla Conejo en el Golfo de Fonseca (Legal Elements for the Construction of a Proposal to the Material Recovery and Sovereignty of Isla Conejo in the Gulf of Fonseca) |last=Gómez Cruz |first=Ricardo Alonso |publisher=Universidad de El Salvador, Ciudad Universitaria, San Salvador, El Salvador |date=October 2004 |access-date=2013-07-04 |page=33, 36, 46, 49 and 50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311052840/http://webquery.ujmd.edu.sv/siab/bvirtual/BIBLIOTECA%20VIRTUAL/TESIS/02/DER/ADGE0001067.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ICJ2">{{cite court|litigants= Case Concerning Land, Island, and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras, Nicaragua Intervening)|court= International Court of Justice|date= 1992|url= http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/75/6673.pdf|access-date= 2012-10-07|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003807/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/75/6673.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |url=http://www.csj.gob.sv/BVirtual.nsf/0/4a166d4dc28958bb06256b3e00747ab4?OpenDocument |last=Huezo Urquilla |first=Luis Salvador |title=La controversia fronteriza terrestre, insular y maritima entre El Salvador y Honduras, y Nicaragua como país interviniente |access-date=2013-07-14 |publisher=Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, San Salvador, El Salvador |date=July 1993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306232757/http://csj.gob.sv/bvirtual.nsf/0/4a166d4dc28958bb06256b3e00747ab4?opendocument |archive-date=2016-03-06 |url-status=live }}</ref>  All three nations are "entitled outside the closing line to territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. Whether this situation should remain in being or be replaced by a division and delimitation into three separate zones is, as inside the Gulf also, a matter for the three States to decide."<ref name="ICJ2"/>
|-
| [[Gaza Strip]] (de jure) || 360 || {{flag|State of Palestine}} || {{coord|31|25|N|34|20|E}} || Bounded by [[Israel]], [[Egypt]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]], where the territorial sea and contiguous zone of Palestine are surrounded by those of Israel (the waters of Palestine and Egypt are separated by an Israeli corridor).
|-
| "Donut Hole", [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|190000}}~190,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|57|6|N|179|4|W}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Russia]] and the [[United States]] ([[Alaska]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ratifythetreatynow.org/sites/default/files/pdf/Map.pdf | title=Mapping the Benefits of the Law of the Sea | access-date=2013-06-09 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| "Banana Hole", [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|310000}}~310,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|71|38|N|3|40|E}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Norway]] (including [[Svalbard]]), [[Faeroe Islands]], [[Greenland]], [[Jan Mayen]] (Norway) and [[Iceland]]
|-
| "Eastern Gap", [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|20000}}~20,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|25|41|N|87|01|W}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Mexico]] (EEZ defined by [[Yucatan|Cape Catoche]] and [[Scorpion Reef]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]]), the [[United States]] (EEZ defined by [[Loggerhead Key]] and the Gulf coast) and [[Cuba]] (EEZ extends northwest from [[Colorados Archipelago|Cayo Ines de Soto]])<ref name="wg"/>
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|12|31|S|53|46|E}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Mauritius]] ([[Agalega Islands]]), [[Tromelin Island]] (France), [[Madagascar]] and [[Seychelles]] ([[Farquhar Atoll]])
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|16|4|N|116|14|E}} || In the [[South China Sea]], the EEZs that are defined by [[Taiwan]] (Pratas Reef), the [[Philippines]] ([[Luzon Island]] and Cabra I.), the [[Spratly Islands]] of Dao Dinh Ba and Flat Island, and the [[Paracel Islands|Paracel Island]] of Dao Hoang Sa enclose an exclave. National sovereignty over many of the Spratly and Paracel Islands in the South China Sea is disputed. Hence, depending upon the claims involved, this exclave may be considered as being created by the EEZs of Taiwan and the Philippines, or by the EEZs of Taiwan, the Philippines and [[Viet Nam]], or by the EEZs of Taiwan and mainland China, or by the EEZ of mainland China alone.
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|100000}}~100,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|14|7|S|158|35|W}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[French Polynesia]], [[Cook Islands]] and [[Kiribati]]
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|77000}}~77,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|15|16|S|173|0|E}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Vanuatu]], [[Solomon Islands]] and [[Fiji]]
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|380000}}~380,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|2|43|N|142|53|E}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Palau]], [[Micronesia]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Papua-New Guinea]]
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|1400000}}~1,400,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|15|26|N|133|0|E}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Japan]] (outer islands, including [[Okino-tori-shima]]), Palau, the [[Philippines]], [[Northern Marianas Islands]] and Micronesia
|-
| [[International waters|High Seas]] || {{hs|800000}}~800,000 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|5|0|S|166|10|E}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of [[Nauru]], [[Tuvalu]], Micronesia, Northern Marianas Islands, Papua-New Guinea, Fiji, Kiribati and the Solomon Islands
|-
| "Western Gap", [[International waters|High Seas]] || 17,467 || {{flag|United Nations|name=International waters}} || {{coord|25|39|N|92|46|W}} || Surrounded by the EEZs of Mexico (EEZ defined by Scorpion Reef and [[Campeche Bank|Cayo Arenas]] in the Gulf of Mexico) and the United States (EEZ defined by the Gulf of Mexico coast, including Wolf Island (south of [[Freeport, Texas|Freeport]], Texas, and [[Isle Dernière|Raccoon Island]], Louisiana)) – This exclave no longer exists ''[[per se (terminology)#per se|per se]]''. In areas with natural resource deposits on the continental shelf, the [[UNCLOS]] allows nations to claim territory beyond the EEZ to a maximum of 350 NM. On 9 June 2000, the U.S. and Mexico divided the Western Gap by a line equidistant from both countries' coastlines. The new boundary divided the Western Gap, giving 38% of the area (6562&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) to the U.S. and 62% to Mexico (10,905&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=wg>{{cite journal| journal=GPS World| date=May 2001| url=http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/Articles/solgps.pdf| pages=28–33| title=Parting the Waters| first=Tomas| last=Soler| access-date=2013-06-09| display-authors=etal| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222050602/http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/Articles/solgps.pdf| archive-date=2013-02-22| url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== First-order subnational level ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px;; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|-
! Name
! data-sort-type="number"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Parent Country
! Exclave of
! Coordinates
! Notes
|-
| [[Lienz District]] || 2,016.41 || {{flag|Austria}} || [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]] || {{coord|46|54|06.2|N|12|32|47.2|E}} || The transfer of [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] to Italy after [[World War I]] left the [[county of Tyrol]] in two parts.
|-
| includes [[Birinci Dördyol]] and [[İkinci Dördyol]] || {{hs|17}}~17 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Aghdam District]] || {{coord|40|15|N|47|5.5|E}} || surrounded by [[Barda District]] and [[Tartar District]]
|-
| [[Zöhrabkənd]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?llz=47.8,40,8|title=GoMap Online Navigator|author=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic|access-date=2013-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125164633/http://www.gomap.az/info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?llz=47.8,40,8|archive-date=2013-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{hs|4}}~4.0 || rowspan="4" | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || rowspan="4" | [[Quba District (Azerbaijan)|Quba Rayon]] || {{coord|40|58.9|N|48|51.3|E}} || rowspan="4" | Surrounded by [[Shabran District|Şabran Rayon]] and [[Siazan District|Siyəzən Rayon]].<ref name="AZmap"/>
|-
| includes [[Yalavanc]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=800&llz=48.9891,41.2287,12|title=GoMap Online Navigator|author=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic|access-date=2013-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203174317/http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=800&llz=48.9891,41.2287,12|archive-date=2013-12-03|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{hs|25}}~25 || {{coord|41|15|N|49|4.5|E}} 
|-
| north end of {{ill|Tahtakorpu reservoir|az|Taxtakörpü su anbarı}} (including dam and {{ill|Tahtakorpu Hydroelectric Power Station|lt=power station|az|Taxtakörpü SES}}) || {{hs|3.3}}~3.3 || {{coord|41|10|N|49|59.8|E}} 
|-
| south end of {{ill|Tahtakorpu reservoir|az|Taxtakörpü su anbarı}} || {{hs|4.1}}~4.1 || {{coord|41|7.5|N|48|58.6|E}} 
|-
| includes the villages of [[Vladimirovka, Oghuz|Vladimirovka]] and [[Astraxanovka]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=800&llz=47.5657,40.7660,12 |title=GoMap Online Navigator |author=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic |access-date=2013-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203095137/http://gomap.az/Info/bwp_map/hpages/index_az.htm?l=mct&pt=800&llz=47.5657,40.7660,12 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> || {{hs|36}}~36 || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || [[Oghuz District|Oğuz Rayon]] || {{coord|40|46|19|N|47|34|45|E}} || Surrounded by [[Shaki District|Şəki Rayon]], [[Agdash District|Ağdaş Rayon]] and [[Qabala District|Qəbələ Rayon]].<ref name="AZmap"/>
|-
| [[Voeren]] (Fourons) || 50.63 || {{flag|Belgium}} || [[Flemish Region]] and [[Flemish Community]] (province of [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]] — [[Arrondissement of Tongeren]]) || {{coord|50|44|53.4|N|5|48|19.8|E}} || 
|-
| [[Comines-Warneton]] (Komen-Waasten) || 61.09 || {{flag|Belgium}} || [[Wallonia]] and [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] (province of [[Hainaut (province)|Hainaut]] — [[Arrondissement of Mouscron]]) || {{coord|50|44|59.3|N|2|55|44.4|E}} || 
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Belgian Eifel]] and •&nbsp;[[Land of Eupen]] || {{hs|853.64}}628.84 and 224.80 || {{flag|Belgium}} || [[German-speaking Community of Belgium|German Speaking Community]] || {{coord|50|20|25.7|N|6|11|58.7|E}}<br />{{coord|50|38|48.1|N|6|06|02.8|E}} || The two parts are separated by a part of the [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]].
|-
| [[Odžak]] || 118 || {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ([[Posavina Canton]]) || {{coord|45|04|07.0|N|18|19|35.5|E}} || Sandwiched between Republika Srpska and [[Croatia]]. The rest of Posavina Canton also borders [[Brčko District]], which is a condominium of FBiH and [[Republika Srpska]].
|-
| contains [[Xianghe County]], [[Sanhe, Hebei|Sanhe]] City, and [[Dachang Hui Autonomous County]] || 1,277 || {{flag|China}} || [[Hebei]] province — (prefecture-level city of [[Langfang]]) || {{coord|39|52|10.7|N|117|02|30.5|E}} || Lodged between the municipalities of [[Beijing]] and [[Tianjin]].
|-
| contains [[Xylofagou]] || || {{flag|Cyprus}} || [[Larnaca District]] || {{coord|34|58|44|N|33|51|1|E}} ||
|-
|[[Gedeo Zone]]
|1,352
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|[[South Ethiopia Regional State]]
|{{coord|6|10|N|38|20|E}}
|Between [[Sidama Region]] and [[Oromia Region]]. Part of [[Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region]] until the split of that region on 19 August 2023.
|-
| || || {{flag|Iceland}} || [[Ásahreppur]] || {{coord|63|52|11.1|N|20|35|51.7|W}} || 
|-
| (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Iceland}} || [[Kópavogur]] || {{coord|64|00|49.2|N|21|42|39.0|W}}<br />{{coord|64|03|24.8|N|21|35|41.2|W}} || 
|-
|[[Kitayama, Wakayama|Kitayama Village]]
|48.21
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Japan}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Wakayama Prefecture]]
|{{coord|33|57|46.0|N|135|57|09.0|E}}
| rowspan="2" |in the border between [[Mie prefecture|Mie]] and [[Nara prefecture]]s
|-
| [[Kumanogawa, Wakayama|Kumanogawa Town]] || 175.47 || {{coord|33|53|34.9|N|135|52|42.9|E}} 
|-
| || {{hs|60}}~60 || {{flag|Latvia}} || [[Olaine Municipality]] ([[Olaine parish]]) || {{coord|56|42|13.1|N|24|07|59.3|E}} || 
|-
| •&nbsp;Gapfahl and •&nbsp;Guschgfiel/Matta/Güschgle || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Balzers]] || {{coord|47|04|46.9|N|9|34|26.6|E}}<br />{{coord|47|08|32.1|N|9|36|46.3|E}} || 
|-
| Rheinau–Tentscha || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Eschen]] || {{coord|47|11|32.4|N|9|29|34.3|E}} || 
|-
| Nendler Berg || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Gamprin]] || {{coord|47|11|46.7|N|9|33|24.5|E}} || 
|-
| •&nbsp;Riet, •&nbsp;Plankner Neugrütt (western part), and •&nbsp;Plankner Garselli || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Planken]] || {{coord|47|11|27.3|N|9|31|52.0|E}}<br />{{coord|47|11|10.2|N|9|33|25.6|E}}<br />{{coord|47|09|56.2|N|9|34|43.2|E}} || A fourth exclave is also an enclave (listed above)
|-
| •&nbsp;Plankner Neugrütt (eastern part), •&nbsp;Gritsch, and •&nbsp;Guschg || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Schaan]] || {{coord|47|11|10.2|N|9|33|37.2|E}}<br />{{coord|47|04|35.0|N|9|36|15.8|E}}<br />{{coord|47|07|29.5|N|9|35|50.4|E}} || A fourth exclave is also an enclave (listed above)
|-
| Turna und Sareis || {{hs|6.6}}~6.6 || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Triesenberg]] || {{coord|47|05|48.5|N|9|37|19.4|E}} || 
|-
| •&nbsp;Vaduzer Riet, •&nbsp;Dachsegg, •&nbsp;Hindervalorsch, and •&nbsp;Pradamee-Hahnenspiel || || {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || [[Vaduz]] || {{coord|47|11|16.6|N|9|30|41.9|E}}<br />{{coord|47|11|20.5|N|9|33|17.2|E}}<br />{{coord|47|08|01.9|N|9|36|06.2|E}}<br />{{coord|47|05|57.7|N|9|35|52.9|E}} || An additional two exclaves are also enclaves (listed above)
|-
| [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Cahul|Alexandru Ioan Cuza]] || {{hs|59}}~59 || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Cahul District]] || {{coord|45|37|26.6|N|28|29|12.9|E}} || 
|-
| contains [[Tvardița]] and [[Valea Perjei, Taraclia|Valea Perjei]] || {{hs|170}}~170 || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Taraclia District]] || {{coord|46|06|28.5|N|28|56|37.3|E}} || 
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Vulcănești]], •&nbsp;[[Copceac, Gagauzia|Copceac]] and •&nbsp;[[Carbalia]] || || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Gagauzia]] || {{coord|45|37|32.4|N|28|23|16.4|E}}<br />{{coord|45|50|41.7|N|28|39|42.7|E}}<br />{{coord|45|52|48.7|N|28|26|43.5|E}} || 
|-
| (comprising five communes) || || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Criuleni District]] || {{coord|47|03|48.0|N|29|08|31.7|E}} || 
|-
| (2 parcels) || || {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Dubăsari District]] || {{coord|47|09|19.0|N|29|09|28.6|E}}<br />{{coord|47|13|44.0|N|29|15|55.4|E}} || Separated by the [[Transnistria]]n controlled [[Dubăsari District, Transnistria|Dubăsari District]]. Transnistria is ''de facto'' independent, but not recognised by any [[member states of the United Nations]].
|-
| [[Baganuur]] || 620 || {{flag|Mongolia}} || [[Ulaanbaatar]] || {{coord|47|47|N|108|22|E}} || Surrounded by [[Töv Province]] and [[Khentii Province]]
|-
| [[Viguí]] corregimiento || 59.6 || {{flag|Panama}} || [[Veraguas Province]] ([[Las Palmas District]]) || {{coord|8.3000|N|81.5000|W}} || Surrounded by [[Müna District|Müna]] and [[Ñürüm District|Ñürüm]] districts of [[Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca]], [[Tolé District]] of [[Chiriquí Province]], and [[Cañazas District]] of [[Veraguas Province]]
|-
| [[Justo Fidel Palacios]] corregimiento || 25.8 || {{flag|Panama}} || [[Chiriquí Province]] ([[Tolé District]]) || {{coord|8|20|26.8|N|81|31|52.0|W}} || Bounded by [[Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca]] ([[Müna District|Müna]]) and [[Veraguas Province]] ([[Las Palmas District]])
|-
| {{ill|Yablonovka|ru|Яблоновка (Чувашия)}} || {{hs|20}}~20 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Chuvashia]] ([[Shemurshinsky District]] – {{ill|Chukalskoye rural settlement|ru|Чукальское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|40|40.1|N|47|19|58.8|E}} || bordering on [[Tatarstan]] and [[Ulyanovsk Oblast]]
|-
| || || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Mordovia]] ([[Tengushevsky District]] – {{ill|Shokshinskoye rural settlement|ru|Шокшинское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|52|N|42|27|E}} || bounded by [[Ryazan Oblast]] and [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
|-
| || {{hs|16}}~16 || {{flag|Russia}} || [[Ryazan Oblast]] ([[Yermishinsky District]] – {{ill|Nadezhkinskoye rural settlement|ru|Надежкинское сельское поселение}}) || {{coord|54|46|27|N|42|28|20|E}} || bounded by Mordovia and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.
|-
| [[Rincón de Ademuz]] || 370.22 || {{flag|Spain}} || [[Valencian Community]] ([[Province of Valencia]]) || {{coord|40.0802|N|1.2854|W}} || between the provinces of [[Teruel (province)|Teruel]] in [[Aragon]] and [[Province of Cuenca|Cuenca]] in [[Castile-La Mancha]]
|-
| [[Oberegg District]] (2 parcels) || 14.67 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] || {{coord|47|24|52.5|N|9|32|30.4|E}}<br />{{coord|47|25|37.3|N|9|34|59.4|E}} || bounded by [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] and [[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]]
|-
| [[Engelberg]] || 74.85 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Obwalden]] || {{coord|46|49|17.8|N|8|25|56.2|E}} || separated by [[Nidwalden]] and [[Canton of Bern|Bern]]
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Stein District]] and •&nbsp;part of [[Schaffhausen District]] || {{hs|42.78}}31.25 and 11.53 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Schaffhausen]] || {{coord|47|34|51.8|N|8|33|31.7|E}}<br />{{coord|47|41|33.0|N|8|49|44.9|E}} || The only canton lying mostly on the north bank of the [[Rhine]], it is cut into three parts by [[Germany|German]] corridors to the Rhine. The middle part is the largest and embraces the German enclave of [[Büsingen]]. The upper and middle parts border on [[Thurgau]], the middle and lower parts on [[canton of Zürich|Zürich]].
|-
| •&nbsp;[[Kleinlützel]], [[Thierstein District]] and •&nbsp;part of [[Dorneck District]] || {{hs|42.03}}16.34 and 25.69 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Canton of Solothurn]] || {{coord|47|25|34.2|N|7|25|02.5|E}}<br />{{coord|47|28|29.7|N|7|29|23.2|E}} || both bounded on the south by [[Basel-Landschaft]] and on the north by [[France]]
|-
| the former [[Avenches District]] || 59.91 || {{flag|Switzerland}} || [[Vaud]] ([[Broye-Vully District]]) || {{coord|46|55|21.6|N|7|01|36.7|E}} || separated by the [[Canton of Fribourg]]
|-
| [[Hatta, United Arab Emirates|Hatta]] || 140 || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || [[Emirate of Dubai]] || {{coord|24|47|53.9|N|56|08|47.6|E}} || 
|-
|[[Masfut|Masfout]]
|86.59
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Emirate of Ajman]]
|{{coord|24|49|36.4|N|56|03|32.5|E}}
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| [[Manama, Ajman|Manama]] || 25.73 || {{coord|25|18|48.5|N|55|59|22.9|E}} 
|-
| the southerly of the emirate's two non-contiguous sections || || {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || [[Ras al-Khaimah]] || {{coord|25|02|48.8|N|56|04|44.2|E}} || 
|-
| [[Kentucky Bend]] || 69.6 || {{Flagu|United States}} || [[Kentucky]] ([[Fulton County, Kentucky|Fulton County]]) || {{coord|36.529502|-89.503555}} || Located inside a loop of the [[Mississippi River]]. The only road in the area goes south into [[Tennessee]]. This exclave exists because the Mississippi, which forms the boundary between [[Missouri]] (right bank) and Kentucky/Tennessee (left bank), crosses latitude 36°30', which defines part of the border between Kentucky and Tennessee, three times.
|}

=== Other subnational ===
[[File:Liechtenstein - Gemeinden mit Exklaven.png|thumb|right|150px|Administrative divisions of [[Municipalities of Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]]]

[[File:Map of Louisiana highlighting Saint Martin Parish.svg|thumb|right|150px|[[St. Martin Parish, Louisiana|St. Martin Parish]] in the U.S. state of [[Louisiana]], shown here, is divided into two non-contiguous areas separated by [[Iberia Parish, Louisiana|Iberia Parish]].]]
* In '''[[Australia]]''':
** The state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]'s [[Murrindindi Shire]] has an exclave along the border with [[Shire of Yarra Ranges]]. It is separated from the rest of Murrindindi Shire by the [[Lake Mountain (Victoria)|Lake Mountain]] unincorporated area, which was originally a part of the shire.
** The [[Aboriginal Shire of Woorabinda]] consists of five non-contiguous pieces; four are sub-parts of their four communities. Three are in the [[Central Highlands Region]] (previously excised from the [[Shire of Duaringa]]), and two are in the [[Rockhampton Region]] (previously excised from the [[Shire of Fitzroy]]), meaning the main settlement of [[Woorabinda, Queensland|Woorabinda]] itself has four exclaves.
* In '''[[Belgium]]''':
** Apart from [[Baarle-Hertog]], there are three municipalities consisting of non-contiguous parts: [[Ixelles]] (Elsene) and [[Saint-Gilles, Belgium|Saint-Gilles]] (Sint-Gillis)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/borderpoint/conversations/messages/1433|access-date=2013-10-19|title=Question from ages ago: solved...|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029225744/http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/borderpoint/conversations/messages/1433|archive-date=2013-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the Brussels Capital Region and [[Mesen]] in [[West Flanders]].
* In '''[[Brazil]]''':
** In [[Goiás]]: [[Sítio d'Abadia]] was cut in two as a result of the expansion of [[Alvorada do Norte]].
** In [[Mato Grosso]]: [[Barra do Bugres]] was cut in two as a result of the expansion of [[Salto do Céu]] and [[Reserva do Cabaçal]].
** In [[Pará]]:  the town of [[Senador José Porfírio]] was cut in two as a result of the formation of [[Anapu]].
* In '''[[Canada]]''':
** The [[Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality, Quebec|Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality]] in [[Quebec]] is separated into multiple sections including the exclaves of [[Lac-Vacher, Quebec|Lac-Vacher]] and [[Lac-Juillet, Quebec|Lac-Juillet]] surrounded by [[Labrador]] and [[Nunavik]].
** [[Greenstone, Ontario]] has a large principal section and two exclaved townsites, Nakina and Caramat.
* In '''[[China]]''':
** In [[Qinghai]] province, [[Tanggulashan]] town is an exclave of the city of [[Golmud]] and the [[Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]] that Golmud is part of, separated from the rest of the prefecture by a "panhandle" of [[Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]].
* In '''[[Croatia]]''':
**In [[Koprivnica-Križevci County]], the municipality of [[Legrad]] is split in two, separated by the municipality of [[Đelekovec]].
**In [[Osijek-Baranja County]]:
*** The villages of [[Palača]] and [[Silaš]] form an exclave of the municipality of [[Šodolovci]]. The main road between the two portions goes through [[Vukovar-Srijem County]].
*** The village of Široko Polje belongs to the city of [[Đakovo]] from which it is separated by the municipalities of [[Gorjani, Croatia|Gorjani]] and [[Viškovci]].
* In '''[[Estonia]]''':
**In [[Harju County]], [[Harku]] small borough is an exclave of [[Harku Parish]].
**In [[Ida-Viru County]], the town of [[Kohtla-Järve]] is divided into five separated districts. Of these exclaves, Ahtme, Järve and Sompa districts are not enclaves.
**In [[Tartu County]], [[Piirissaar]] island in [[Lake Peipus]] is an exclave of [[Tartu Parish]], which otherwise doesn't have a coastline at the lake.
**In [[Võru County]], sixteen villages form an exclave of [[Setomaa Parish]].
* In '''[[Finland]]''':
**In [[Ostrobothnia (administrative region)|Ostrobothnia]], the former municipality of [[Vähäkyrö]] is now an exclave of the city of [[Vaasa]].
**In [[Kymenlaakso]], the municipality of [[Iitti]] has a small exclave called Supinkulma, which surrounded by [[Lahti]] and [[Heinola]], both located in [[Päijänne Tavastia]].
* In '''[[France]]''', the commune of [[Ménessaire]] is an exclave of the department of [[Côte-d'Or]] between [[Nièvre]] and [[Saône-et-Loire]].
* In '''[[Germany]]''':
** The [[Samtgemeinde]] [[Baddeckenstedt (Samtgemeinde)|Baddeckenstedt]] is separated from the greater part of the district [[Wolfenbüttel (district)|Wolfenbüttel]] by the [[Urban districts of Germany|urban district]] of [[Salzgitter]].
* In '''[[India]]''':
** In [[Madhya Pradesh]] in central India, [[Datia district]] has an exclave surrounded by [[Shivpuri district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Jhansi district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].
** The districts of [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]] (in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state), [[Tumakuru district|Tumakuru]] (in [[Karnataka]] state), and [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]] in [[Manipur]] state each has an exclave. 
* In '''[[Indonesia]]''':
** In [[North Sumatra]], three subdistricts of [[Nias Regency]], namely Botumuzoi, Hiliduho and Hili Serangkai, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of [[Gunungsitoli]] and [[West Nias Regency]].
** In [[South Sumatra]], six subdistricts of [[Muara Enim Regency]], namely Muara Belida, Gelumbang, Sungai Rotan, Kelekar, Lembak, and Belida Darat, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of [[Prabumulih]] and the [[Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency]] (both are split from Muara Enim).
** In [[Central Java]], the subdistrict of {{ill|lt=Colomadu|Colomadu, Karanganyar|id}} is cut from other parts of the [[Karanganyar Regency]] by land that belongs to the regencies and cities of [[Boyolali Regency|Boyolali]], [[Surakarta]], and [[Sukoharjo Regency|Sukoharjo]].
* In '''[[Italy]]''':
** In [[Abruzzo]]:
*** In the [[Province of L'Aquila]]: the municipality of [[L'Aquila]] has an exclave between the municipalities of [[Lucoli]], [[Rocca di Mezzo]], [[Magliano de' Marsi]] and the region of [[Lazio]]; [[Carapelle Calvisio]] and [[Castelvecchio Calvisio]] have two adjoining exclaves between [[Santo Stefano di Sessanio]], [[Calascio]] and the [[Province of Teramo]]; [[Ofena]] consists of two parts separated by [[Castel del Monte, Abruzzo|Castel del Monte]] and [[Villa Santa Lucia degli Abruzzi]]; [[Sulmona]] has an exclave between [[Pratola Peligna]] and [[Prezza, Abruzzo|Prezza]]; [[Cerchio]] has an exclave between [[Aielli]], [[Collarmele]] and [[Celano]]; Celano consists of two non-contiguous parts separated by Aielli and [[Ovindoli]].
*** In the [[Province of Chieti]]: [[Atessa]] has an exclave separated from the rest of the municipality by [[Tornareccio]] and is bordering six other municipalities; [[San Buono]] has an exclave between [[Furci]] and [[Fresagrandinaria]].
**In [[Apulia]]: 
***In the [[Metropolitan City of Bari]]: [[Castellana Grotte]] has an exclave between [[Alberobello]] and [[Monopoli]]; Monopoli has an exclave between Castellana Grotte and Alberobello; [[Acquaviva delle Fonti]] has an exclave between [[Gioia del Colle]] and [[Santeramo in Colle]]; [[Putignano]] has an exclave between [[Gioia del Colle]] and [[Turi, Apulia|Turi]]; [[Binetto]] has an exclave between [[Toritto]], [[Palo del Colle]] and [[Bitonto]].
*** In the [[Province of Foggia]]: [[San Marco in Lamis]] has three exclaves between [[Foggia]] and [[San Giovanni Rotondo]] and one between Foggia, San Giovanni Rotondo and [[Manfredonia]]; [[San Severo]] has an exclave between Foggia, San Marco in Lamis and [[Rignano Garganico]]; Manfredonia has an exclave between Foggia and [[Carapelle]]; [[Poggio Imperiale]] has two non-contiguous parts separated by [[Lesina, Apulia|Lesina]]; [[Castelnuovo della Daunia]] has an exclave between [[Torremaggiore]] and [[Casalvecchio di Puglia]] and another one between Torremaggiore, Casalvecchio di Puglia, [[Casalnuovo Monterotaro]] and [[Santa Croce di Magliano]] in the region of [[Molise]].
*** In the [[Province of Lecce]]: [[Leverano]] has an exclave between [[Arnesano]] and [[Copertino]]; [[Squinzano]] has an exclave between [[Lecce]] and [[Torchiarolo]] in the [[Province of Brindisi]].
** In [[Basilicata]]:
*** In the [[Province of Matera]]: [[Tricarico]] has an exclave between [[Grottole]] and [[Grassano]].
*** In the [[Province of Potenza]]: [[Fardella, Basilicata|Fardella]] has four exclaves; [[Chiaromonte]] has three; [[Atella, Basilicata|Atella]] and [[Noepoli]] have two each; [[Tito, Basilicata|Tito]] has one. 
** In [[Calabria]]:
*** In the [[Province of Catanzaro]]: [[Feroleto Antico]] has an exclave between [[Pianopoli]] and [[Serrastretta]]; [[Fossato Serralta]] has an exclave between [[Cicala]], [[Gimigliano]] and [[Sorbo San Basile]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Cosenza]]: [[Bianchi, Calabria|Bianchi]] has an exclave between [[Panettieri]] and the [[Province of Catanzaro]]; [[Oriolo]] has an exclave between [[Albidona]], [[Alessandria del Carretto]] and [[Castroregio]]; Castroregio has an exclave between Oriolo, Alessandria del Carretto and the [[Province of Potenza]]; [[Cerchiara di Calabria]] has an exclave between [[San Lorenzo Bellizzi]], [[Castrovillari]] and the Province of Potenza; [[Mormanno]] has an exclave between [[Laino Castello]] and [[Papasidero]]; [[Mongrassano]] has an exclave between [[Cervicati]], [[San Marco Argentano]], [[Cerzeto]] and [[Bisignano]]; [[Cervicati]] has an exclave between Mongrassano and San Marco Argentano; [[Acquappesa]] has an exclave between Mongrassano, [[Fagnano Castello]], [[Cetraro]] and [[Guardia Piemontese]]. 
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria]]: the seat of the municipality of [[Roghudi]] is an enclave within [[Melito di Porto Salvo]] and the other, larger part of the municipality is about 40&nbsp;km away and is an exclave surrounded by 6 other municipalities. Similarly, the seat of the municipality of [[Africo]] is a semi-exclave in [[Bianco]] with the larger part being an exclave between 7 other municipalities. 
** In [[Emilia-Romagna]]:
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Bologna]]: [[Castello d'Argile]] has an exclave between [[Sala Bolognese]] and [[Argelato]].
*** In the [[Province of Forlì-Cesena]]: [[Sarsina]] consists of three non-contiguous parts, the larger two separated by [[Bagno di Romagna]] and [[Mercato Saraceno]] and the smallest one separated by [[Verghereto]].
*** In the [[Province of Modena]]: [[Modena]] has two exclaves between [[Carpi, Emilia-Romagna|Carpi]] and [[Soliera]].
*** In the [[Province of Rimini]]: [[Verucchio]] has an exclave between [[San Leo]] and the Republic of [[San Marino]].
** In [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]: [[Dogna]] has an exclave between [[Moggio Udinese]] and [[Pontebba]]; [[Tramonti di Sopra]] has an exclave between [[Meduno]] and [[Tramonti di Sotto]].
** In [[Lazio]], the [[Province of Viterbo]] (the municipality of [[Gallese]]) has an exclave between [[Umbria]] and the [[Province of Rieti]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Rieti]]: [[Rieti]] has an exclave between [[Colli sul Velino]], [[Contigliano]], [[Greccio]] and the [[Province of Terni]]; [[Concerviano]] has an exclave between Rieti and [[Longone Sabino]]; Longone Sabino consists of two non-contiguous parts separated by southern part of Concerviano; [[Rocca Sinibalda]] consists of two non-contiguous parts separated by southern exclave of Longone Sabino and northern exclave of [[Ascrea]]; Ascrea consists of three non-contiguous parts separated by [[Castel di Tora]] (north and south part) and [[Paganico Sabino]] (south and east). 
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital]]: [[Polline Martignano]] is an exclave of [[Rome]] between [[Anguillara Sabazia]], [[Campagnano di Roma]] and [[Trevignano Romano]]; [[Monte Compatri]] consists of three non-contiguous parts; [[Grottaferrata]] has an exclave between [[Marino, Lazio|Marino]], [[Rocca di Papa]] and [[Castel Gandolfo]]; [[Artena]] has an exclave between [[Lariano]], [[Velletri]] and the [[Province of Latina]]; [[Rocca Priora]] has an exclave between Artena, Lariano and Rocca di Papa. 
*** In the [[Province of Viterbo]]: [[Viterbo]] has an exclave between [[Ronciglione]] and [[Vetralla]]; [[Vejano]] has an exclave between [[Blera]] and the [[Metropolitan City of Rome Capital]].
** In [[Lombardy]]: [[San Colombano al Lambro|Comune di San Colombano]] (named after the Irish missionary Saint [[Columbanus]]) is an exclave of the [[Metropolitan City of Milan]] between the provinces of [[Province of Lodi|Lodi]] and [[Province of Pavia|Pavia]] 
*** In the [[Province of Pavia]]: [[Cornale e Bastida]] has an exclave between [[Sannazzaro de' Burgondi]], [[Corana]] and an exclave of [[Silvano Pietra]]; Silvano Pietra has an exclave between Sannazzaro de' Burgondi, Corana and an exclave of Cornale e Bastida; [[Casei Gerola]] has three exclaves (between [[Mezzana Bigli]], Cornale e Bastida, Silvano Pietra and the region of [[Piedmont]]); [[Pancarana]] has an exclave between [[Mezzana Rabattone]], [[Zinasco]] and [[Bastida Pancarana]]; [[Santa Maria della Versa]] has an exclave between [[Golferenzo]] and [[Montecalvo Versiggia]].
** In [[Marche]]:
*** In the [[Province of Ascoli Piceno]]: [[Ascoli Piceno]] has an exclave (Piana della Forcella) between [[Acquasanta Terme]], [[Roccafluvione]] and Forcella (an exclave of Roccafluvione), itself between Acquasanta Terme and Piana della Forcella (Ascoli Piceno).
*** In the [[Province of Fermo]]: [[Fermo]] has one exclave between [[Francavilla d'Ete]], [[Montegiorgio]], [[Massa Fermana]] and the [[Province of Macerata]], and another one between Montegiorgio, [[Grottazzolina]] and [[Magliano di Tenna]].
*** In the [[Province of Pesaro and Urbino]]: [[Sassofeltrio]] has an exclave between [[Monte Grimano Terme]] and the Republic of [[San Marino]].
** In [[Molise]]:
*** In the [[Province of Campobasso]]: [[Campobasso]] has an exclave between [[Oratino]], [[Castropignano]] and [[Ripalimosani]]; [[Montenero di Bisaccia]] has an exclave between [[San Felice del Molise]] and [[Tavenna]], and another one between [[Mafalda, Molise|Mafalda]] and Tavenna.
** In [[Piedmont]]:
*** In the [[Province of Asti]]: [[Camerano Casasco]] has two exclaves between [[Chiusano d'Asti]] and [[Montechiaro d'Asti]]; [[Pino d'Asti]] has one between [[Castelnuovo Don Bosco]] and [[Passerano Marmorito]]; [[Monastero Bormida]] has an exclave between [[Roccaverano]], [[Bubbio]] and [[Loazzolo]].
*** In the [[Province of Biella]]: [[Callabiana]], [[Pettinengo]], [[Tavigliano]], [[Valdilana]], [[Bioglio]], [[Veglio]], [[Vallanzengo]], [[Valle San Nicolao]], [[Caprile]] and [[Ailoche]] have mountain exclaves in the northern part of the province, between the [[Province of Vercelli]] and the region of [[Aosta Valley]]; Valle San Nicolao has another exclave between Pettinengo, Bioglio and Valdilana; [[Muzzano, Piedmont|Muzzano]] has an exclave between [[Graglia]] and [[Sordevolo]]; [[Andorno Micca]] and [[Sagliano Micca]] have adjoining exclaves between [[Piedicavallo]], [[Rosazza]], [[Campiglia Cervo]], [[Biella]] and the region of Aosta Valley; [[Pollone]] has an exclave between Biella, Sordevolo and the region of Aosta Valley; [[Magnano]] has an exclave between [[Zimone]] and the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]].
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]]: [[Carignano, Piedmont|Carignano]] has an exclave between [[Castagnole Piemonte]] and [[Osasio]]; [[Carmagnola]] has an exclave between Carignano and [[Lombriasco]]; [[Claviere]] consists of two exclaves between [[Cesana Torinese]] and [[France]]; [[Traversella]] has an exclave between [[Quincinetto]] and [[Aosta Valley]] region; [[Brosso]] has an exclave between Traversella and Valchiusa; [[Castelnuovo Nigra]] has two exclaves between [[Cintano]] and [[Colleretto Castelnuovo]]; [[Castellamonte]], [[Valchiusa]], [[Vistrorio]] and [[Val di Chy]] have exclaves, some bordering each other, between Traversella, Castelnuovo Nigra, [[Rueglio]] and [[Lessolo]]. Castellamonte has another one between [[San Martino Canavese]], [[Torre Canavese]], [[Quagliuzzo]] and [[Parella]]; Vistrorio has two more between [[Issiglio]] and Rueglio; [[Prascorsano]] has one between [[Canischio]] and [[Pratiglione]]; [[Rivara]] has one between Pratiglione and Forno Canavese; and [[Pertusio]] has one between [[Valperga]] and Prascorsano (connected at a quadripoint).
*** In the [[Province of Vercelli]]: [[Cigliano]] has an exclave between [[Moncrivello]] and the [[Metropolitan City of Turin]].
** In [[Sardinia]]:
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Cagliari]]: [[Assemini]] consists of two non-contiguous parts of approximately same sizes separated by [[Uta, Sardinia|Uta]]; [[Decimomannu]] also has two non-contiguous parts separated by Uta; [[Quartucciu]] has two non-contiguous parts separated by [[Maracalagonis]] and [[Quartu Sant'Elena]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Nuoro]]: [[Triei]] has an exclave between [[Urzulei]], [[Talana]] and [[Baunei]]; [[Arzana]] has an exclave (Acetorri) between Contissa (exclave of [[Jerzu]]), Quirra (exclave of [[Lanusei]]) and the [[Province of South Sardinia]]; [[Loceri]] has an exclave (Bacu Orca) between Sa Tuvada (exclave of [[Osini]]), Quirra (exclave of Lanusei) and [[Tertenia]]; [[Osini]] consists of four non-contiguous exclaves; [[Lanusei]] has an exclave (Quirra) between Sa Tuvuda (exclave of Osini), Acetorri (exclave of Arzana) and Bacu Orca (exclave of Loceri); [[Jerzu]] has an exclave (Contissa) between Ulassai, Acetorri (exclave of Arzana), Sa Tuvuda (exclave of Osini) and the Province of South Sardinia; [[Elini]] has an exclave between [[Ilbono]], Arzana and Lanusei; [[Gairo, Sardinia|Gairo]] has an exclave (Su Sirboni) between Tertenia and Cardedu. 
*** In the [[Province of Sassari]]: [[Cheremule]] has an exclave between [[Giave]] and [[Thiesi]]; [[Tempio Pausania]] has an exclave between [[Palau, Sardinia|Palau]], [[Santa Teresa Gallura]], [[Aglientu]], [[Luogosanto]] and [[Arzachena]].
*** In the [[Province of South Sardinia]]: [[Iglesias, Sardinia|Iglesias]] has an exclave separated by [[Domusnovas]]; [[Gonnosfanadiga]] has an exclave between [[Guspini]] and [[Arbus, Sardinia|Arbus]].
** In [[Sicily]]:
*** In the [[Province of Caltanissetta]]: [[Mazzarino, Sicily|Mazzarino]] consists of three non-contiguous parts, all three separated by [[Riesi]].
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Catania]]: [[Motta Sant'Anastasia]] has an exclave between [[Catania]] and [[Belpasso]]; [[Tremestieri Etneo]] has an exclave between Catania, [[Sant'Agata li Battiati]], [[San Giovanni la Punta]] and [[San Gregorio di Catania]]. 
*** In the [[Province of Enna]]: [[Piazza Armerina]] has an exclave between five municipalities; [[Assoro]] has three exclaves between various other municipalities.
*** In the [[Metropolitan City of Palermo]]: [[Bisacquino]] has an exclave between [[Monreale]], [[Contessa Entellina]] and [[Roccamena]].
*** In the [[Province of Trapani]]: [[Gibellina]] has an exclave (Nuova Gibellina) surrounded by [[Santa Ninfa]] except for a quadripoint with [[Salemi]], and Santa Ninfa has an exclave between Nuova Gibellina and Salemi. 
** In [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]:
*** In the [[Trentino|Autonomous Province of Trentino]]: [[Canal San Bovo]], [[Carisolo]], [[Cimego]], [[Cinte Tesino]], [[Comano Terme]], [[Giustino, Trentino|Giustino]], [[Imer, Trentino|Imèr]], [[Malosco]], [[Massimeno]], [[Pellizzano]], [[Pergine Valsugana]], [[Pieve Tesino]], [[Ronzone]], [[Spiazzo]], [[Stenico]], [[Tione di Trento]], [[Tre Ville]] consist of two or three non-contiguous parts separated by other municipalities
** In [[Tuscany]]:
*** In the [[Province of Arezzo]]: [[Poppi]] has one exclave between [[Bibbiena]], [[Chiusi della Verna]] and the region of [[Emilia-Romagna]], and another one between Bibbiena, [[Ortignano Raggiolo]] and [[Castel Focognano]].
*** In the [[Province of Lucca]]: [[Gallicano]] has an exclave between [[Barga, Tuscany|Barga]], [[Fosciandora]], [[Castelnuovo di Garfagnana]] and [[Molazzana]]. 
* In [[Japan]]:
** In [[Kanagawa Prefecture]]
*** The city of [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] has an exclave surrounded by [[Yokohama]] and [[Machida, Tokyo]]. The exclave is part of [[Asao-ku, Kawasaki|Asao ward]].
** In [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]]
*** The city of [[Kumiyama, Kyoto|Kumiyama]] has an exclave surrounded by [[Uji]], [[Ujitawara]] and [[Jōyō, Kyoto|Jōyō]]. The exclave contains the Kyoto Prefectural Sports Square.
*** The city of [[Yawata]] has four exclaves. 3 of these are surrounded by Kumiyama and [[Fushimi Ward]], [[Kyoto|Kyoto City]]. The fourth is surrounded by [[Kyōtanabe, Kyoto|Kyōtanabe]] and [[Hirakata]], [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]]
* In '''[[South Korea]]''',  {{ill|Dasa region|ko|다사권역}} is an exclave of [[Dalseong County]], [[Daegu]] and {{ill|Iseo-myeon, Wanju County|ko|이서면 (완주군)|lt=Iseo-myeon}} is an exclave of [[Wanju]], [[North Jeolla Province]].
* In '''[[Mexico]]''', [[Torreón Municipality]] in the state of [[Coahuila]] consists of two segments, both touching the neighboring state of [[Durango]].
* In the '''[[Netherlands]]''', [[Amsterdam Zuidoost]] is cut from other parts of the municipality of [[Amsterdam (municipality)|Amsterdam]] by land that belongs to the municipalities of [[Ouder-Amstel]] and [[Diemen]].
* In the '''[[Philippines]]''':
** [[Caloocan]] is divided in two by [[Quezon City]].
** In [[Cotabato]] province, the municipality of [[President Roxas, Cotabato|President Roxas]] is divided in two by [[Antipas, Cotabato|Antipas]] municipality.
** In [[Nueva Ecija]], the municipality of [[Talavera, Nueva Ecija|Talavera]] is divided in two by [[Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija|Santo Domingo]].
* In '''[[Poland]]''':
** The main portion of the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Fabianki|Fabianki]], which belongs to the [[Włocławek County]], [[Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship]], is separated from the rest of the county by the [[city with powiat rights|city-county]] of [[Włocławek]].
** The [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce|Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce]], which belongs to [[Kraków County]], is separated from the rest of the county by [[Proszowice County]] and the [[city with powiat rights|city-county]] of [[Kraków]].
** [[Sławków]] is an exclave of [[Będzin County]]. Sławków is separated from the rest of the county by the cities of [[Dąbrowa Górnicza]] and [[Sosnowiec]]. All of these are within the [[Silesian Voivodeship]].
** [[Rybnik County]] is split into three disjoint parts, separated by the city of [[Rybnik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/%C5%9Al%C4%85skie_administracja.png|title=Śląskie administracja|access-date=2013-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220210402/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/%C5%9Al%C4%85skie_administracja.png|archive-date=2016-12-20|url-status=live}}</ref> The three parts are the municipalities of [[Czerwionka-Leszczyny]], [[Świerklany]], and the combined area of [[Lyski]], [[Gaszowice, Silesian Voivodeship|Gaszowice]] and [[Jejkowice]]. All of these are within the [[Silesian Voivodeship]].
** The [[city with powiat rights|city-county]] of [[Żory]], [[Silesian Voivodeship]], has a small exclave located between the city-county of [[Rybnik]], Silesian Voivodeship, and the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Świerklany|Świerklany]] in [[Rybnik County]], Silesian Voivodeship. The exclave has an area of {{circa}} 13.5 ha and lies around 50 m from the rest of the city.
* In '''[[Portugal]]''', as a consequence of administrative reforms during the 19th century (in the 1830s, then again in the 1850s, and to a much lesser extent in the 1890s), as well as more recent legislation forbidding the creation of territorial discontinuities,<ref name="pt-conc" /><ref name="pt-freg" /> there are almost no subnational exclaves or enclaves, and the few that persist are on the municipal or civil parish level:
** Municipalities with exclave civil parishes (at least one civil parish is separated from the main body): [[Montijo, Portugal|Montijo]] and [[Oliveira de Frades]].
** Municipalities with sub-civil parish level exclaves (at least one civil parish is itself territorially discontinuous, creating an exclave also at the municipal level): [[Soure Municipality, Portugal|Soure]].
** Exclaves that are sub-parts of civil parishes and that yet remain within the municipal-level boundary are located in the following municipalities: [[Ansião]], [[Belmonte Municipality|Belmonte]], [[Coimbra]], [[Oliveira de Frades]], [[Penela Municipality|Penela]]. 
* In '''[[Russia]]''', [[Khabarovsky District]] in [[Khabarovsk Krai]] is separated into two parts by [[Amursky District]]
* In '''[[Spain]]''', the following provincial level exclaves that are not enclaves exist.<ref name="GG"/> Many other exclaves exist at municipal level.
** [[Anchuras]] is an exclave of the [[province of Ciudad Real]] between the provinces of [[Province of Toledo|Toledo]] and [[Province of Badajoz|Badajoz]].
** [[Berzosilla]] is an exclave of the [[province of Palencia]] between [[Cantabria]] and the [[province of Burgos]].
** [[Orduña-Urduña|Orduña]] is an exclave of [[Biscay]] between the [[Álava]] and the [[province of Burgos]].
** [[Roales de Campos]] and [[Quintanilla del Molar]] constitute an exclave of the [[province of Valladolid]] between the provinces of [[Province of León|León]] and [[Province of Zamora|Zamora]].
** In [[Comarca de Guadix]], the [[Aldeire]] municipality has an exclave to the north called "''Cortijo Ramos''", surrounded by the [[Valle del Zalabi]] and [[La Calahorra]] municipalities.
[[File:O'Hara Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States of America.png|thumb|right|150px|[[O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania]] is divided into five non-contiguous areas.]]
[[File:Njmap-0259.png|thumb|right|150px|[[South Hackensack, New Jersey]] is divided into three non-contiguous areas.]]
[[File:Wayne County Michigan Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Brownstown Township highlighted.svg|thumb|right|150px|[[Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan]] is divided into three non-contiguous areas.]]
* In the '''[[United States|United States of America]]''':
** In [[Alaska]], the [[Unorganized Borough]] is separated into multiple sections; however, the only true exclave that is not an enclave is the town of [[Hyder, Alaska|Hyder]], which belongs to [[Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area, Alaska|Prince of Wales – Hyder Census Area]].
** In [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Brooks County, Georgia|Brooks County]] has a small portion separated by [[Lowndes County, Georgia|Lowndes County]] and [[Madison County, Florida]].
** In [[Louisiana]], a portion of [[St. Martin Parish, Louisiana|St. Martin Parish]] is separated by [[Iberia Parish, Louisiana|Iberia Parish]]. A portion of [[West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana|West Feliciana Parish]] is separated by [[Concordia Parish, Louisiana|Concordia Parish]]. A portion of [[Madison Parish, Louisiana|Madison Parish]] is separated by [[Warren County, Mississippi]].
** In [[Massachusetts]], [[Norfolk County, Massachusetts|Norfolk County]] has two exclaves: [[Brookline, Massachusetts|Brookline]] between [[Middlesex County, Massachusetts|Middlesex]] and [[Suffolk County, Massachusetts|Suffolk]] counties, and [[Cohasset, Massachusetts|Cohasset]] on the coast of [[Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Plymouth County]].
** In [[Michigan]]:
*** In [[Houghton County, Michigan|Houghton County]]:  The city of [[Houghton, Michigan|Houghton]] divides [[Portage Township, Houghton County, Michigan|Portage]] and [[Adams Township, Houghton County, Michigan|Adams]] townships into two sections apiece, and the city of [[Hancock, Michigan|Hancock]] divides [[Quincy Township, Houghton County, Michigan|Quincy Township]] in two as well.
*** [[Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan|Brownstown Township]], [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]] is separated into three parts. The two smaller parts are separated from the main portion of the township by [[Woodhaven, Michigan|Woodhaven]]. Both smaller parts are further separated by [[Rockwood, Michigan|Rockwood]] and [[Gibraltar, Michigan|Gibraltar]].
** In [[New Jersey]]:
*** In [[Atlantic County, New Jersey|Atlantic County]], [[Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey|Egg Harbor Township]] is split into three parts.
*** In [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], the township of [[South Hackensack, New Jersey|South Hackensack]] is divided into three separate parts as a result of other municipalities withdrawing from it.
*** In [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]], the borough of [[Wrightstown, New Jersey|Wrightstown]] has two sections.
*** In [[Camden County, New Jersey|Camden County]], [[Haddon Township, New Jersey|Haddon Township]] is split into three parts, of which two are joined at a [[quadripoint]].
*** In [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]], [[Aberdeen Township, New Jersey|Aberdeen Township]] is divided into two pieces.
*** In [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris County]], the township of [[Randolph, New Jersey|Randolph]] has a tiny exclave, and [[Rockaway Township, New Jersey|Rockaway Township]] has a small portion that is joined by only a quadripoint.
** In [[New Mexico]], [[Sandoval County, New Mexico|Sandoval County]] has an exclave. During [[World War II]], [[Los Alamos County, New Mexico|Los Alamos County]] was created out of parts of Sandoval and [[Santa Fe County, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] Counties, for the convenience of the [[Manhattan Project]]. That portion of Sandoval County that is within the [[San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico|San Ildefonso Indian Reservation]], about 3&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, became an exclave bounded by Los Alamos County on the southwest, Santa Fe County on the east and [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico|Rio Arriba County]] on the north.
** In [[New York (state)|New York]]:  In [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]], [[Rye (town), New York|Rye Town]] has an exclave separated by [[Harrison, New York|Harrison]] and [[Rye (city), New York|Rye City]].
** In [[Pennsylvania]]:
*** In [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]], [[O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania|O'Hara Township]] consists of [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/?p=default&b=base1&x=-8893566.632940842&y=4939807.880087165&l=13&v=Boundaries%3A4%3B14 five non-contiguous areas], with [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania|Sharpsburg]], [[Aspinwall, Pennsylvania|Aspinwall]] and [[Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania|Fox Chapel]] separating them. One area ([[Sixmile Island (Pennsylvania)|Sixmile Island]]) is enclaved within Sharpsburg.
*** In [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks County]], in addition to the two exclaves of [[Cumru Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania|Cumru Township]] mentioned above, [[Lower Alsace Township, Pennsylvania|Lower Alsace Township]] has an exclave separated from the rest of the township by the borough of [[Mount Penn, Pennsylvania|Mount Penn]].
*** In [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]], [[Schuylkill Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania|Schuylkill Township]] has a small exclave separated by [[Phoenixville, Pennsylvania|Phoenixville]]. In addition, [[Valley Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania|Valley Township]] has an exclave created by a narrow strip of land that is part of [[Coatesville, Pennsylvania|Coatesville]].
*** Three municipalities in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]] have exclaves. [[Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Springfield Township]] has an exclave separated from the main body of the township by the village of [[Swarthmore, Pennsylvania|Swarthmore]]; [[Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Darby Township]] consists of two non-contiguous areas; and part of [[Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Darby]] is separated from the main body of the township by [[Aldan, Pennsylvania|Aldan]] and [[Lansdowne, Pennsylvania|Lansdowne]].
*** In [[Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania|Lackawanna County]], [[South Abington Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania|South Abington Township]] has an exclave along Glenburn Road bordered by [[Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania|Clarks Summit]] borough and [[Waverly Township, Pennsylvania|Waverly Township]]. The township itself is oddly shaped and borders the collective area of Clarks Summit, [[Clarks Green, Pennsylvania|Clarks Green]], and Waverly Township on three sides.
*** There are four sets of exclaves in [[Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Schuylkill County]]. [[Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania|Norwegian Township]] has a small exclave separated by the city of [[Pottsville, Pennsylvania|Pottsville]], and [[West Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania|West Mahanoy Township]] is split into two sections, separated by the borough of [[Gilberton, Pennsylvania|Gilberton]]. In addition, the borough of [[Auburn, Pennsylvania|Auburn]] creates exclaves of both [[South Manheim Township, Pennsylvania|South Manheim Township]] and [[West Brunswick Township, Pennsylvania|West Brunswick Township]].
*** In [[York County, Pennsylvania|York County]], [[Spring Garden Township, Pennsylvania|Spring Garden Township]] has an exclave separated from the rest of the township by the city of [[York, Pennsylvania|York]].
** In [[South Carolina]], [[Pickens County, South Carolina|Pickens County]] has two exclaves separated by [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]] and [[Anderson County, South Carolina|Anderson County]].
** In [[Tennessee]]:
*** [[White County, Tennessee|White County]] has a small portion separated by [[Cumberland County, Tennessee|Cumberland County]] and [[Van Buren County, Tennessee|Van Buren County]].
*** [[Tipton County, Tennessee|Tipton County]] has a small portion separated by [[Shelby County, Tennessee|Shelby County]] and [[Mississippi County, Arkansas]].
** The lands within numerous [[Indian reservations]] have been fragmented, with privately owned real estate intermixed with tribal, city, county, state, and federal authorities in a bewildering array of jurisdictional geographies.
*** [[Red Lake Indian Reservation]] has one large exclave bordering Canada (itself containing enclaves of non-reservation land) and numerous other small exclaves.
*** [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]] also has numerous small exclaves.

==Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves==

'''Semi-enclaves''' and '''semi-exclaves''' are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border, would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves.<ref name="EV">{{cite book|first=Evgeny| last=Vinokurov| title = The Theory of Enclaves | year = 2007| publisher = Lexington Books, Lanham, MD}}</ref>{{rp|12–14}}<ref name="YRY">{{cite journal|title=The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region|journal=Baltic Region|volume=2|year=2013|first=Yuri| last= Rozhkov-Yuryevsky|doi= 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 |number= 2|pages=113–123|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{rp|116}}  Semi-enclaves can exist as [[List of countries that border only one other country|independent states that border only one other state]]. ''Vinokurov (2007)'' declares, "Technically, Portugal, Denmark, and Canada also border only one foreign state, but they are not enclosed in the geographical, political, or economic sense. They have vast access to international waters. At the same time, there are states that, although in possession of sea access, are still enclosed by the territories of a foreign state."<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|14}} (At the time of publication, Canada and Denmark did not share a border. Portugal is not considered a semi-enclave.) Therefore, Vinokurov applies a quantitative principle: ''the land boundary must be longer than the coastline.'' Thus he classifies a state as a ''sovereign semi-enclave'' if it borders on just one state, and its land boundary is longer than its sea coastline.<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|14, 20–22}}  Vinokurov affirms that "no similar quantitative criterion is needed to define the scope of non-sovereign semi-enclaves/exclaves."<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|14, 26}}<ref>''Vinokurov (2007)'', p. 29, also refers to semi-exclaves as a type of "mere exclave with sea connection to the mainland."</ref> 

===Semi-enclaves that are not semi-exclaves===
====National level====
* {{Flag|Brunei}}: Surrounded by {{flag|Malaysia}} and the [[South China Sea]]
* {{Flag|Gambia}}: Surrounded by {{flag|Senegal}} and the [[Atlantic Ocean]]
* {{Flag|Monaco}}: Surrounded by {{flag|France}} and the [[Mediterranean Sea]]

====Subnational level====
* In [[Canada]]: In [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], the town of [[Petty Harbour–Maddox Cove]] is a semi-enclave in the city of [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]].
* In [[Japan]], the village of [[Hiezu, Tottori|Hiezu]], [[Tottori Prefecture|Tottori]] is surrounded by the city of [[Yonago]] and [[Miho Bay]] ([[Sea of Japan]]).
* In the [[United Kingdom]]: In [[Scotland]], [[Aberdeen|Aberdeen City]] is a semi-enclave surrounded by the council area of [[Aberdeenshire]] on land and by the [[North Sea]].
* In the [[United States of America]]: In [[California]], the city of [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] borders the [[Pacific Ocean]] on one side and is otherwise completely surrounded by the city of Los Angeles.

===Semi-enclaves that are also semi-exclaves===
====National level====
* [[Brunei]]: '''[[Temburong District]]''' is bounded by [[Malaysia]] and [[Brunei Bay]]. The [[Temburong Bridge]] connects Temburong to the Brunei mainland, bypassing the need to traverse through Malaysian territory.
* [[Cyprus]] (''de facto''):  The ''de facto'' independent [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (TRNC), which is unrecognised internationally, has a semi-enclave in the island's Northwest, '''[[Kokkina exclave|Kokkina/Erenköy]]''', which is bounded by the [[United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus|U.N. buffer zone]] and the Mediterranean Sea.
* [[East Timor]]: '''[[Oecusse]]''' is bounded by [[Indonesia]] and the [[Savu Sea]].
* [[Eritrea]]: The southeasternmost point of Eritrea ({{Coord|12|42|38.3|N|43|7|52.9|E}}) is surrounded by [[Djibouti]] and [[Bab-el-Mandeb]].
* [[Oman]]: '''[[Musandam Governorate|Musandam]]''' is bounded by the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. 
* [[Spain]]: '''[[Ceuta]]''', '''[[Melilla]]''', and '''[[Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera]]''' are bounded by the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and by either a neutral zone or [[Morocco]] itself.
* [[United Kingdom]]: 
** The overseas territory of '''[[Gibraltar]]''' is on the south coast of [[Spain]]. A neutral zone had existed at one time but appears no longer to be observed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibnet.com/library/neutral.htm|title=The Status of the Neutral Territory|access-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712012008/http://www.gibnet.com/library/neutral.htm|archive-date=2016-07-12|url-status=live}}</ref>
** '''[[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]''' &ndash; [[British Overseas Territory]] on the island of [[Cyprus]], administered as two Sovereign Base Areas, an Eastern Sovereign Base Area (ESBA) and a Western Sovereign Base Area (WSBA). The bases were retained by the UK following the independence of Cyprus in 1960. The Western Sovereign Base Area includes Akrotiri and [[Episkopi Cantonment]], while the Eastern Sovereign Base Area includes [[Dhekelia Cantonment]] and [[Ayios Nikolaos, SBA|Ayios Nikolaos]].
* [[United States of America]]: '''[[Alaska]]''' is bounded by [[Canada]], the [[Arctic Ocean]], the [[Bering Sea]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Alaska is the world's largest semi-enclave.
===Other subnational===
* [[Poland]]: [[Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka]], a neighborhood of [[Szczecin]], while mostly consisting of islands on the [[Oder (river)|Oder]] river, possesses several thin strips of land on the west bank of the river, as well as in the northern portion of Ustowskie Mokradła islands.<ref name=osiedle1>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314152547/http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/files/d1ceff308a2d43cdb87dcf30b00845be/53-90.pdf|website=bip.um.szczecin.pl|language=pl|title=Uchwała Nr VIII/53/90 z dnia 28 listopada 1990 r. w sprawie utworzenia w mieście Szczecinie dzielnic i osiedli}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://miedzyodrze.osiedla.szczecin.pl/|website=miedzyodrze.osiedla.szczecin.pl|language=pl|title=Rada Osiedla Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka}}</ref>

===Semi-exclaves that are not semi-enclaves===
====National level====
* [[Angola]]: '''[[Cabinda Province|Cabinda]]''' is bounded by the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], the [[Republic of the Congo]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
* [[Croatia]]: The southern portion of [[Dubrovnik-Neretva County]], including the historic city of [[Dubrovnik]], is bounded by [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], and the [[Adriatic Sea]]. [[Neum]], Bosnia and Herzegovina's only sea access, is sandwiched between the two portions of this county. This semi-exclave relies on national territorial waters as its only alternative connection to the rest of the country. It is accessible to Croatia's much larger region to the north by an 8&nbsp;km road a short distance from and parallel to the Adriatic coastline, crossing Bosnia via Neum. The [[Pelješac Bridge]], which opened July 2022, is a 2.3&nbsp;km bridge to a Croatian peninsula that bypasses the Bosnian transit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why Dubrovnik is a lonely outpost|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/07/croatia|date=1 July 2013|publisher=The Economist Newspaper Limited|access-date=2016-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413183835/http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/07/croatia|archive-date=13 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Cyprus]] (''de facto''): The Greek Cypriot-controlled portion of [[Famagusta District]], along with the easternmost exclave of [[Larnaca District]], together are a semi-exclave, bounded by the [[United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus|U.N. buffer zone]], [[Dhekelia]] Sovereign Base Area and the Mediterranean Sea.
* [[Equatorial Guinea]]: continental '''[[Río Muni]]''' is surrounded by [[Gabon]], [[Cameroon]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and can only be accessed from the capital by boat or plane.
* [[France]]: '''[[French Guiana]]''' (an [[Overseas Department]]), in [[South America]], is bounded by [[Suriname]], [[Brazil]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
* [[Russia]]: '''[[Kaliningrad Oblast]]''' is bounded by [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]] and the Baltic Sea.

== Pene-enclaves/exclaves (including inaccessible districts) ==

A '''pene-exclave''' is a part of the territory of one country that can be approached conveniently — in particular by wheeled traffic — only through the territory of another country.<ref name="Robinson">{{cite journal|last=Robinson|first=G. W. S.|title=Exclaves|journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume=49|issue=3, [Part 1]|date=September 1959|pages=283–295|doi=10.1111/j.1467-8306.1959.tb01614.x|jstor=2561461}}</ref>{{rp|283}}  Such areas are enclaves or exclaves ''for practical purposes,'' without meeting the strict definition; hence they are also called functional enclaves or practical enclaves.<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|31}}  Many pene-exclaves partially border their own territorial waters (i.e., they are not surrounded by other nations' territorial waters). A pene-enclave can also exist entirely on land, such as when intervening mountains render a territory inaccessible from other parts of a country except through alien territory. Thus, a ''pene-exclave'' has land borders with other territory but is not completely surrounded by the other's land or territorial waters. They can exhibit continuity of state territory across territorial waters but, nevertheless, a discontinuity on land, such as in the case of [[Point Roberts, Washington|Point Roberts]].<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|47}}  Along rivers that change course, pene-enclaves can be observed as complexes comprising many small pene-enclaves.<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|50}}  Attribution of a pene-enclave status to a territory can sometimes be disputed, depending on whether the territory is considered to be practically inaccessible from the mainland or not.<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|33}}

===National level===
* [[Austria]]:
** The municipality of [[Jungholz]] is connected to the rest of Austria at a [[quadripoint]] at the summit of the mountain ''[[Sorgschrofen]]'' (1636 m). Road access is only via German land. However, ''Vinokurov (2007)'' states, "For all purposes, a connection in a single point does not mean anything. It is just like being completely separated. One cannot pass through a single point, nor is it possible to transport goods. It is not even possible to lay a telephone line."<ref name="EV"/> (See above: ''Enclaves that are also exclaves''.)
** The [[Kleinwalsertal]], a valley part of [[Vorarlberg]], can only be reached by road from [[Oberstdorf]], [[Germany]].
** [[Hinterriß]] and [[Eng, Tyrol|Eng]] (parts of the communes of [[Vomp]] and [[Eben am Achensee]] in [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]], Austria) are functional exclaves accessible by road only from Germany.
* [[Belgium]]/[[France]]: Along the river [[Leie]] (Lys in French) between [[Halluin]] and [[Armentières]], where the river forms the border, there are 7 small pene-exclaves of Belgium (province of [[Hainaut (province)|Hainaut]]) on the southern side of the river and 7 small pene-exclaves of France (department of [[Nord (French department)|Nord]]) on the northern side of the river. This is due to minor changes in the course of the river since the border was fixed in 1830.
*[[Belgium]]/[[Luxembourg]]: An [[Aldi]] supermarket located at Schmëtt, at the northernmost point of Luxembourg, is only accessible by road from Luxembourg by briefly driving into Belgium.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
* [[Belgium]]/[[Netherlands]]: On the Dutch side of the [[Meuse River]], between the Belgian municipality of [[Visé]] and its neighbouring Dutch municipalities of [[Maastricht]] and [[Eijsden-Margraten]], Belgium has two pene-exclaves, Presqu'ile de L'Ilal and Presqu'ile d'Eijsden. A Dutch pene-exclave, Presqu'ile Petit-Gravier, lies on the Belgian side. The states signed a treaty in 2016 to swap these plots of land, which are the result of river straightening prior to 1980.
** The [[Zeelandic Flanders]] (733&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>/283 sq mi) is a part of the Netherlands, but has land access only from Belgium, and through the [[Western Scheldt Tunnel|Western Scheldt undersea tunnel]] built 2003.
* [[Belize]]: [[Ambergris Caye]] is an island in Belize located south of the Mexican state of [[Quintana Roo]]. It is separated from the rest of the country and can only be reached on land by a bridge from [[Mexico]].
* [[Bolivia]]: [[Copacabana, Bolivia|Copacabana]] and the surrounding promontory are separated from the rest of Bolivia by [[Lake Titicaca]], only joining by land to [[Peru]]vian territory. Access to Bolivia is only available via ferry. 
* [[Cambodia]]: [[Preah Vihear Temple|Prasat Preah Vihear]] can only be reached by traveling through Thailand.
* [[Canada]]:
** [[St. Regis Mohawk Reservation|St. Regis]], [[Quebec]]: Part of the [[Akwesasne]] [[Mohawk Nation]] on the south shore of the [[Saint Lawrence River]], it has a land border with [[St. Regis Mohawk Reservation]] in [[New York (state)|New York]] State; road access to the rest of Canada is only available through New York State.
** [[Campobello Island]], [[New Brunswick]] can be reached by road only by driving through the United States, across the border bridge to Maine. Connection with the rest of Canada is by ferry.
** The entrance to [[Aroostook Valley Country Club]] near [[Fort Fairfield, Maine]], is in the U.S., but most of the club's golf course and its clubhouse are in Canada. Members and their guests, as long as they remain on the club's property, are not required to clear Canadian customs. Although a shorter route to Canada exists, members coming from Canada must do a {{convert|33|km|mi}} detour to report to U.S. border inspection before proceeding to the golf club.
** The [[Haskell Free Library and Opera House]] straddles the border. The Canadian part of the building is a practical exclave of Canada, as most of the building is physically in [[Stanstead, Quebec]], but the only public access to the building is via the front door on Caswell Avenue in [[Derby Line, Vermont]], in the United States. (Emergency exits from the second floor open to Canada.) People in Canada may not enter or exit the building except by travelling into the U.S. A special exception allows library and opera house patrons to cross the border to enter and move about in the building, but they must return to their home country (or see the Customs office) to avoid being charged with illegally entering the other country.
** The [[Salmon Glacier]] and [[Granduc Mine]] in [[Premier, British Columbia]] can only be reached by road through [[Hyder, Alaska]].
* [[Chile]]: [[Magallanes Region]] of [[Chile]], the southernmost portion of the Chilean mainland, is a practical exclave. The southernmost location that can be reached by road from the core of Chile is [[Villa O'Higgins]] in [[Aysén Region]]. Before the construction of the [[Carretera Austral]], and its side-routes, the practical exclave included the Aysén Region and other locations such as [[Futaleufú, Chile|Futaleufú]].
* [[Croatia]]: 
** [[Croatia]]/[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]: A few houses and the castle Zrinski, belonging to the municipality of [[Hrvatska Kostajnica]], lie on the right bank of the [[Una (Sava)|Una]] river, and are connected to the municipality by a bridge. The border crosses the FK Partizan Kostajnica football club's pitch, leaving approximately 1/3 of the pitch on the Croatian territory. 
** [[Croatia]]/[[Serbia]]: The Croatian village of Kenđija is a pene-exclave on the left bank of the [[Danube]], and can be reached by road only through Serbia (See [[Croatia–Serbia border dispute]]).
** [[Croatia]]/[[Hungary]]: The Croatian village of Križnica lies on the left bank of the river [[Drava]], and is connected to the rest of the country by a pedestrian bridge. 
** [[Croatia]]/[[Slovenia]]: A small portion of the Croatian village of Mali Tabor lies on the right bank of the river [[Sutla]] and can be reached only through Slovenian territory. 
* [[Denmark]]/[[Germany]]:  Several farms on the border, e.g. Vilmkærgård (similar situation as Canada's Haskell Free Library, immediately above).<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: Germany (DE) – Denmark (DK) Wilmkjer (DE) – Vilmkær (DK) border|url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/borders/denmark.htm|access-date=2017-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419064515/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/borders/denmark.htm|archive-date=2017-04-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 1920 and 1927, the popular German tourist island [[Sylt]] was accessible only by boat from [[Højer]], ceded to Denmark in 1920. A direct German route was built in 1927.
* [[Estonia]]: [[Lutepää]] is a small village on the Värska-to-Saatse gravel road in southeast and it can only be reached by travelling through [[Russia]] (the one and only road through Lutepää cuts, on either side of the village, through Russia's [[Saatse Boot]] area).
* [[Finland]]/[[Sweden]]: The city centre of the Finnish city of [[Tornio]] is a pene-enclave unreachable directly by land from Finnish territory, although connected to the rest of Finland by a pair of bridges. The neighbouring Swedish municipality of [[Haparanda]] has two similar pene-enclaves unreachable directly from Swedish territory. One is an islet crossed by the international border at a golf course on the line between Tornio and Haparanda.
* [[France]]: The territorial water of [[Canada]] completely surrounds that of the French territorial collectivity of [[St Pierre and Miquelon]] except for an EEZ corridor 10.5 NM (19.4&nbsp;km) wide stretching 200 NM (370&nbsp;km) to the south. This corridor is wholly enclosed within the EEZ of Canada due to the EEZ of [[Sable Island]] to the southeast of Nova Scotia.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://shimajournal.org/issues/v7n1/c.-Fleury-Shima-v7n2-1-13.pdf |journal=Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures|title=The Island/Sea/Territory. Towards a broader and three dimensional view of the Aquapelagic Assemblage |volume=7|number=1|year=2013|last=Fleury|first=Christian |page=8|access-date=2020-07-31|quote= In 1996, the inhabitants of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon had further reason to protest following the Canadian decision to take Sable Island (175 km off the coast of Nova Scotia) into account as the basis for the extension of its EEZ to 200 miles towards the open sea. The knock-on effect of this unilateral decision was that the French zone was hemmed in by the Canadian one.}}</ref>
* [[France]]: The French village of [[Montfroc]] ([[Drôme]]) is a pene-exclave surrounded by [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] and the salient of Drôme.
* [[Germany]]/[[Switzerland]]:
** The smaller part of the German city of [[Konstanz]], which includes the Altstadt (old town), lies to the south of the [[Rhine]] and has no land border with Germany, being otherwise surrounded by Switzerland; it is linked to the rest of [[Konstanz]], and by extension to the rest of Germany, by a bridge.
** The Swiss town of [[Stein am Rhein]] has only a bridge over the Rhine connecting it to the rest of Switzerland, which it does not border on land, and is otherwise surrounded by Germany.
* [[Guatemala]]/[[Mexico]]: The changing course of the Río Suchiate has created pene-exclaves on both banks of the river.
* [[Guyana]]/[[Venezuela]]: The coastal border runs in a straight, northwest–southeast line next to the beach, producing a pene-exclave of Guyana on [[Isla Corocoro]] 12 miles long and 300 feet wide at its narrowest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/16/the-loneliness-of-the-guyanas/ |title=The Loneliness of the Guyanas|first=Frank|last=Jacobs|date=16 January 2012|access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref>
* [[Hong Kong]]: [[Shenzhen Bay Control Point]] (''aka'' Hong Kong Port Area) (0.50&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr07-08/english/fc/pwsc/papers/p07-62e.pdf PWSC(2007-08)62], ITEM FOR PUBLIC WORKS SUBCOMMITTEE OF FINANCE COMMITTEE, HEAD 703 - BUILDINGS, Support – Boundary facilities (other than road works), 9GB – Construction of boundary-crossing facilities at Shenzhen Western Corridor under the "co-location" arrangement – land development, December 2007</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2007 |title=Cap. 591 Shenzhen Bay Port Hong Kong Port Area Ordinance|url= https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap591 |website=Hong Kong e-Legislation |language=en}}</ref> {{coord|22.5039|113.9447|type:landmark_region:HK|display=inline}}), Hong Kong's immigration/customs control point that is surrounded by [[China]] (Guangdong province – Nanshan district), is located at the northern terminus of the [[Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor]]. It is contiguous with the rest of Hong Kong only by the road surface of the motorway (the sea, including the clearance between the sea and the bridge, and the airspace remain under Chinese jurisdiction).<ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr06-07/english/bills/brief/b17_brf.pdf Part II, First Schedule to the Shenzhen Bay Port Hong Kong Port Area Bill]</ref> The Hong Kong Government must pay rent to the Shenzhen municipal government for the use of the port area, amounting to {{yuan}} 6&nbsp;million per year<ref name=legcolease>{{cite web|url=https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr06-07/english/bc/bc55/papers/bc55cb2-1457-2-e.pdf|title=Legislative Council document CB(2)1457/06-07(02)|publisher=Legislative Council of Hong Kong; Security Bureau of Hong Kong|date=28 March 2007|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> until 2018, when a deal was reached to slash it to {{yuan}} 1,000 starting from 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/2162103/mainland-china-will-only-be-charged-hk1000-year |title=Mainland China will only be charged HK$1,000 per year for Hong Kong high-speed rail terminus |date=31 August 2018 |last1=Tsang |first1=Denise |last2=Lum |first2=Alvin |access-date=29 January 2024}}</ref> The rental agreement lasts until 30 June 2047.<ref name=legcolease/>
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]/[[United Kingdom]]:  The westernmost region of [[County Monaghan]] in Ireland contains a pene-enclave jutting into [[County Fermanagh]], [[United Kingdom]], known as the [[Drummully]] Polyp or Salient (also locally as Coleman Island after the name of its northernmost [[townland]], Coleman). There are two inaccessible districts: [[Drumard]] in the 'polyp' itself, belongs to Ireland and is inaccessible directly by road from any other part of Ireland; the village of [[Summerhill, County Fermanagh]] in the United Kingdom is similarly inaccessible from the rest of the United Kingdom. The A3 (UK) and N54 (Ireland) road, known as the Concession Road, crosses the border here 4 times in a short distance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/187/made/en/print |title=Statutory Instruments, S.I. No. 187 Of 2006, Roads Act 1993 (Classification Of National Roads), Order 2006 |publisher=[[Irish Statute Book]] |access-date=2017-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101041106/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2006/si/187/made/en/print |archive-date=2017-11-01 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Italy]]:
** The [[Livigno]] valley near the Swiss border was at one time accessible only from Switzerland and was exempt from Italian customs, an exemption that continues today even though road access to the rest of Italy has been established. It is therefore excluded from EU VAT area.
** The village of [[Bagni di Craveggia]] can only be reached by travelling through the Canton of [[Ticino]] in [[Switzerland]]. The village never became part of Switzerland, as the pastures surrounding it were owned by the people of Vigezzo Valley, rather than the people of the Swiss Onsernone Valley, at the end of which the village is situated. Consequently, the [[Swiss franc]] is commonly used.
** On the [[San Marino]]/Italy border, there is Italian land east of the River San Marino that does not join to any other part of 'dry' Italian territory. This area is only a few metres wide, and follows the river's course for around 500 metres, and is close to the Strada del Lavoro.
* [[Lithuania]]: [[Curonian Spit]]'s northern part in the [[Klaipėda District]] is bounded by [[Russia]] and the [[Baltic Sea]], but has the common territorial waters of Lithuania.
* [[Mexico]]/[[United States of America]]:  Shifts in the meandering course of the lower Rio Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande) have created numerous pene-exclaves. Under the [[Boundary Treaty of 1970]] and earlier treaties, the two nations have maintained the actual course of the river as the [[United States territorial acquisitions#Mexican boundary|international boundary]], but both must approve proposed changes. From 1989 to 2009, there were 128 locations where the river changed course, causing land that had been on one side of the river to then occupy the opposite bank. Until the boundary is officially changed, there are 60 small pene-exclaves of the state of [[Texas]] now lying on the southern side of the river, as well as 68 such pene-exclaves of Mexico on the northern side of the river. The last such exchange (of pre-1989 river cuts) occurred in 2009, after languishing as a proposal for 20 years. 
* [[Malaysia]]:  In the state of [[Sarawak]] on the island of [[Borneo]], the [[Limbang Division]] is completely cut off from the rest of the state's road network. The [[Limbang]] District in the division is only accessible by road through [[Brunei]], as it is located between Brunei's main portion and the [[Temburong District]]. The [[Lawas]] District, on the other hand, lies between Temburong and the state of [[Sabah]]. As Sabah and Sarawak have autonomy in immigration affairs, immigration checks are required when travelling into or out of the Limbang Division by road.
* [[Namibia]]: [[Mpalila Island]] can only be reached from the rest of the country by travelling through [[Botswana]].
* [[Netherlands]]: Part of the province of Zeeland, namely [[Zeelandic Flanders]] is accessible by land only through the country of [[Belgium]], although it is accessible by sea from the rest of the province of Zeeland. There is a tunnel, the [[Westerscheldetunnel]], which also links Zeelandic Flanders to the rest of the province.
* [[Norway]]/[[Sweden]]: Properties 79/3 and 79/4 ({{coord|59|39|17|N|11|51|50|E}}) at Trosterud in [[Aurskog-Høland Municipality]], [[Norway]], are only accessible by a road that follows the Norwegian&ndash;[[Sweden|Swedish]] [[border|boundary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geosite.jankrogh.com/borders/trosterud.htm|title=Trosterud|website=geosite.jankrogh.com|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410080356/http://geosite.jankrogh.com/borders/trosterud.htm|archive-date=10 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Some nearby houses in Sweden are only accessible from that road that is connected to a larger road only in Norway.
* [[Portugal]]:  An area north of [[Tourém]] is cut off from the rest of Portuguese territory by the lake [[Encoro de Salas]], being surrounded by [[Spain|Spanish]] territory. It is accessible by a road bridge, but otherwise does not border the rest of [[Portugal]].
* [[Russia]]:
** [[Dubki, Pechorsky District, Pskov Oblast|Dubki]] area is bounded by [[Estonia]] and [[Lake Peipsi-Pihkva]].
** The settlement of [[Maloje Kulisko]] is separated from the rest of the country by the [[Kuuleski River]]; the village is otherwise surrounded by [[Estonia]]n territory, although as it is a bog island, it is not accessible from Estonia either.
** [[Vistula Spit]]'s eastern part in the Kaliningrad Area is bounded by Poland and the Baltic Sea, but has the common territorial waters of Russia.
* [[Senegal]]:  An area of marshy land, approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on}} south of [[Tiong]], [[Mauritania]] is owned by Senegal, but is inaccessible from any other part of Senegal. Coastal waters, however, are contiguous.
* [[Serbia]]/[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]: In the vicinity of [[Međurečje (Rudo)|Međurečje]] a salient belonging to [[Serbia]] is connected by a 30-metre-wide, 660-metre-long land corridor. It has road access only by passing through [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] ([https://www.google.com/maps/place/43%C2%B036'10.3%22N+19%C2%B015'49.5%22E/@43.6028507,19.2550067,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xa7ca67434d938953!8m2!3d43.602851!4d19.2637615 43°36'10.3"N 19°15'49.5"E]).
* [[Slovenia]]: A farmhouse and a few other buildings in the village of [[Rigonce]] on the left bank of the river [[Sutla|Sotla/Sutla]] can only be reached through [[Croatia]]. 
* [[Spain]]: [[Os de Civís]] is inaccessible via any other part of Spanish territory, as one has to travel via [[Andorra]].
* [[Sweden]]: The settlements [[Naimakka]], [[Keinovuopio]] and some few more farms located on the Swedish side of the [[Könkämäeno]] river have road access only on the Finnish side.
* [[Togo]]: A territory in the northwestern end of Togo is only accessible through [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="EV"/>{{rp|33}}
* [[Turkey]]:
** The [[East Thrace|European section of Turkey]] is bounded by [[Greece]] and [[Bulgaria]]. Despite that the [[Europe]]an section and the [[Asia]]n section of Turkey are not geographically conterminous and are separated by the [[Turkish Straits]], there are three connecting bridges, one highway and one railway tunnel in [[Istanbul]] and one [[Çanakkale 1915 Bridge|bridge]] in [[Çanakkale]].
** The valley of [[Macahel]], which includes five villages in northeastern Turkey, can only be reached by vehicle via [[Batumi]] in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. In winter, as the snow shuts the paths that are completely within the borders of Turkey, the road via Batumi is the only way to travel there.
** Turkey has a pene-exclave west of the Maritsa River opposite [[Edirne]] (Adrianople), with a land boundary of 10.8&nbsp;km with [[Greece]].<ref name="ibs41"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/k-35-090.jpg |title=Soviet military topographic maps 1:100000 (in Russian) |access-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331124602/http://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/k-35-090.jpg |archive-date=2016-03-31 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Uganda]]:  The extreme tip of [[Tanzania]]'s [[Kanyiragwa]] peninsula is a very small pene-exclave of [[Uganda]] on the shore of [[Lake Victoria]], created by the [[1st parallel south|parallel of latitude]] that defines most of the border between Uganda and Tanzania.
* [[United Kingdom]]: [[Northern Ireland]] is bounded by [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], the [[Irish Sea]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].
* [[United States of America]]/[[Canada]]:
** Although Alaska is itself a pene-exclave (road access is primarily via the [[Alaska Highway]]), much of the [[Alaska Panhandle]] consists of mountainous peninsulas; many communities along the coast lack road connection to other parts of Alaska directly, such as the state capital, [[Juneau, Alaska|Juneau]]. Three communities are connected by road to Canada with no road to any other point in Alaska: [[Haines, Alaska|Haines]] via the [[Haines Highway]]; [[Skagway, Alaska|Skagway]] via the [[Klondike Highway]]; and [[Hyder, Alaska|Hyder]] to [[Stewart, British Columbia]]. The distance between Haines and Skagway is about {{convert|16|mi|km}} by the [[Alaska Marine Highway]] car ferry but {{convert|350|mi|km}} by road through Canada. Hyder is the only point in the U.S. that can be entered legally without reporting for border inspection; while Canada maintains a border post on the road to Stewart, the U.S. border post was closed in the 1970s. Hyder is connected to the rest of Alaska only by a [[seaplane]] service to [[Ketchikan, Alaska|Ketchikan]], with customs inspection done on arrival in Ketchikan.
** [[Point Roberts, Washington]], is bounded by [[British Columbia]], Canada, the [[Strait of Georgia]], and [[Boundary Bay]]. It can be reached from the rest of Washington State only via road through two border crossings. 
** A slice of land on the edge of [[Lake Metigoshe]] lies in North Dakota's [[Roland Township]] bordering [[Municipality of Deloraine – Winchester|Winchester, Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Manitoba boaters stunned by new cross-border rule|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/lake-metigoshe-boaters-cbsa-1.3677988|first=Riley|last=Laychuk|date=13 July 2016|publisher=CBC News|quote=In fact, some of the boat docks for Canadian cabins sit on the U.S. side of the border.|access-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215142655/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/lake-metigoshe-boaters-cbsa-1.3677988|archive-date=15 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
** A peninsula juts into North Dakota within the Osthus lake in [[Rolette County, North Dakota|Rolette County]], North Dakota, 500 meters south of Gunnville Lake and 700 meters east of Wakopa Creek, in the Wakopa Wildlife Management Area.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Exclave of the United States in North Dakota – Wikimapia|url = http://wikimapia.org/24179213/Exclave-of-the-United-States-in-North-Dakota|website = wikimapia.org|access-date = 2015-08-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151129070856/http://wikimapia.org/24179213/Exclave-of-the-United-States-in-North-Dakota|archive-date = 2015-11-29|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/501978/Hutchinson+Township++Page+069/Rolette+County+1910/North+Dakota/|title=Rolette County 1910|year=1910|page=69|publisher=Geo. A. Ogle & Co.|location=North Dakota|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173224/http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/US/501978/Hutchinson+Township++Page+069/Rolette+County+1910/North+Dakota/|archive-date=2018-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
** The [[Northwest Angle]] – the northernmost part of [[Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota]], and the northernmost part of the contiguous 48 states – is bounded by Manitoba, Canada and [[Lake of the Woods]]. Access to the rest of Minnesota is only via boat or by a pair of vehicular border crossings. 
** [[Elm Point, Minnesota]] and two small pieces of uninhabited land just to its west ([[Buffalo Bay Point]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/516-northwest-angles-one-exclave-may-hide-another|title=516 – Northwest Angles: One Exclave May Hide Another|first=Frank|last=Jacobs|work=Big Think|date=31 May 2011 |publisher=The Big Think, Inc.|access-date=2016-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206153427/http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/516-northwest-angles-one-exclave-may-hide-another|archive-date=2016-12-06|url-status=live}}</ref> are also bounded by Manitoba and Lake of the Woods.
** The [[Alburgh, Vermont|Alburgh Tongue]] in [[Lake Champlain]], location of the town of Alburgh, [[Vermont]], is bounded by [[Quebec]], Canada to the north. The community can be reached via road bridges from Vermont or New York. 
** [[Lake Champlain#Province Point, Vermont|Province Point]], the small end of a peninsula east of Alburgh, Vermont, is bounded by Quebec and Lake Champlain.
** [[Estcourt Station, Maine]], does not have public road access to the rest of Maine. Instead, Estcourt Station's houses, store and gas station access Rue Frontiere, a street on the Canadian side of the border in [[Pohenegamook, Quebec]].

====Divided islands====
:{{main|List of divided islands}}
* [[Argentina]]/[[Chile]]: 
** [[Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego]] is a shared island; the eastern section is part of Argentina's [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]] province and the western is part of [[Chile]]. The island is surrounded by the [[Beagle Channel]], the [[Strait of Magellan]], and the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s.
** Isla Dos Hitos in [[General Carrera Lake|Lago General Carrera/Lago Buenos Aires]] is shared.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geamap.com/es/chile#zoom=13&lat=-46.3575&lon=-71.7397&layer=29&overlays=FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF|title=Visor cartográfico de Chile|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>
** The border divides an island formed by branches of the [[Mayer River|Río Mayer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geamap.com/es/chile#zoom=14&lat=-48.21633&lon=-72.31631&layer=29&overlays=FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF|title=Visor cartográfico de Chile|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>
* [[Bahrain]]/[[Saudi Arabia]]: ''Middle East Causeway Embankment No. 4'' is an island situated on the [[King Fahd Causeway]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. On this small hourglass-shaped island is the border between the two nations, each connected to the island by a bridge. The border station was designed as two connected islands, with the west side designated as Saudi Arabian and the east as Bahraini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kfca.com.sa/en/#/borderstation/ |title=King Fahd Causeway: Border Station |access-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104175103/http://www.kfca.com.sa/en/#/borderstation/ |archive-date=2018-01-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Belarus]] and [[Latvia]]'s international border divides an island in [[Lake Rychy]]; hence, each has a pene-exclave there.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
* [[Belarus]]/[[Lithuania]]: Sosnovec Island and another nameless island in [[Lake Drūkšiai]] are each divided by the two nations; hence, they are pene-exclaves.
* [[Bolivia]] and [[Chile]] share an island formed by the [[Putani River|Río Putani]] and its branch, Quebrado Coipacoipani.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.geamap.com/es/chile#zoom=15&lat=-17.60263&lon=-69.46613&layer=29&overlays=FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF|title=Visor cartográfico de Chile|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>
* [[Brunei]]/[[Indonesia]]/[[Malaysia]]: [[Borneo]]'s subdivisions include a part of Malaysia (the states of [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]]), the nation of Brunei, and a part of Indonesia that are conterminous.
* [[Canada]] and [[Denmark]] share [[Hans Island]] in Nunavut and Greenland respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-denmark-reach-hans-island-deal-after-50-year-dispute-1.6487325|title=Canada and Denmark sign deal to divide uninhabited Arctic island|access-date=2023-02-25}}</ref>
* [[Djibouti]] and [[Ethiopia]] each have a pene-exclave on an island off Cape Aleilou in [[Lake Abbe]]. Only the eastern tip of the island belongs to Djibouti.
* [[Finland]] and [[Norway]] each have pene-exclaves on two [[List of divided islands|divided lake islands]] and one divided river islet on their international border.
* [[Finland]]/[[Sweden]]:
** The Finnish municipality of [[Tornio]] and the neighbouring Swedish municipality of [[Haparanda]] share an islet crossed by the international border at a golf course on the line between the two.
** [[Märket]] is a small 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) uninhabited island in the Baltic Sea, which has been divided between the two nations since the [[Treaty of Fredrikshamn]] of 1809. The unusual border consists of eight line segments and takes the form of an inverted 'S', with the island's lighthouse connected to the rest of Finland only by a short stretch of land. 
** [[Kataja|Kataja Island]] (Inakari in Finnish) is divided into two pene-exclaves, one of each nation. It was formed by the merger of two smaller islands due to post-glacial rebound.
* [[Finland]]/[[Russia]]:
** [[Koiluoto|Koiluoto Island]], located in the [[Gulf of Finland]] in the [[Baltic Sea]], is divided by the two nations; hence, it consists of a pene-exclave of each.
** The two also divide Vanhasaari/{{ill|Maly Pogranichny|ru|Малый Пограничный}}),<ref>[http://kansalaisen.karttapaikka.fi/linkki?text=Vanhasaari&scale=16000&y=6707007&x=3541775&lang=en-GB Map of Vanhasaari] {{Coord|60.472069|N|27.766914|E|type:isle}}</ref><ref>[https://www.google.co.uk/maps?ll=60.472069,27.766914&spn=0.012944,0.042272&t=h&z=15 Map of Vanhasaari/Maly Pogranichny]</ref> Jähi,<ref>[http://kansalaisen.karttapaikka.fi/linkki?text=J%C3%A4hi&scale=16000&y=6690572&x=3534202&lang=en-GB Map of Jähi] {{Coord|60.325211|N|27.616037|E|type:isle}}</ref> and an island southeast of Peräluoto.<ref>[http://kansalaisen.karttapaikka.fi/linkki?text=divided+islet&scale=16000&y=6714135&x=3542894&lang=en-GB Map of divided island southeast of Peräluoto] {{Coord|60.535716|N|27.778154|E|type:isle}}</ref>
** The two nations also each have pene-exclaves on ten [[List of divided islands|divided islands]] in lakes on their international border.
* [[Indonesia]]/[[Malaysia]]: [[Sebatik Island]], a satellite island of Borneo, is divided between the two nations.
* [[Indonesia]]/[[Papua New Guinea]]: On the island of [[New Guinea]], [[West Papua (region)|West Papua]] is surrounded by [[Papua New Guinea]], the [[Arafura Sea]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]].
* [[Indonesia]]/[[Timor-Leste]]: [[Timor]] island is divided between the two nations.
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]/[[United Kingdom]]: The islet of Pollatawny {{coord|54|32|40|N|8|0|25|W}} in Lough Vearty<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lough_Vearty_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884141.jpg |title=Lough Vearty |access-date=2013-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108050117/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lough_Vearty_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884141.jpg |archive-date=2016-11-08 |url-status=live |date=2008-07-14 }}</ref> lies on the international border; hence, each nation has a pene-exclave there.
* [[Lithuania]]/[[Russia]]: An island in the [[Šešupė River]] is divided between Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.
* [[North Korea]]/[[South Korea]]:
** A small lake island is divided between North Korea and Songsan-ri, [[Paju-si]], [[Gyeonggi Province|Gyeonggi-do]], [[South Korea]] at {{coord|37|55|28.68|N|126|40|31.65|E}}.
** A river island at {{coord|38|2|28.81|N|126|51|18.70|E}} is split between them.
* [[Norway]] and [[Russia]] each have pene-exclaves on two [[List of divided islands|divided islands]] and one divided islet in two lakes on their international border.
* [[Norway]]/[[Sweden]]: On their international border, Norway and Sweden divide 16 [[List of divided islands|lake islands]] and one river islet into pene-exclaves of each nation.
* [[Poland]] and [[Germany]] divide [[Usedom|Usedom Island]], in the northern part of the [[Szczecin Lagoon]].
* [[Collectivity of Saint Martin|St. Martin]]/[[Sint Maarten]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]] are pene-exclaves of [[France]] and the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], respectively.
* [[Turkey]]: 
** The tripoint junction ({{coord|41|42|40|N|26|21|28|E}}) of the borders of Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria is on an island in the [[Maritsa River]] known as ''Kavak Ada'' or ''Évros Alpha.''<ref name=ibs41>{{cite web|url=http://fall.law.fsu.edu/collection/LimitsinSeas/maps/bs41.html|title=International Boundary Study No. 41, Greece – Turkey Boundary|date=23 November 1964|page=7|publisher=U.S. Department of State, Office of the Geographer|access-date=2018-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083822/http://fall.law.fsu.edu/collection/LimitsinSeas/maps/bs41.html|archive-date=27 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/k-35-077.jpg |title=Soviet military topographic maps 1:100000 (in Russian) |access-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328165940/http://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/k-35-077.jpg |archive-date=2016-03-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>  Thus it contains three pene-exclaves.
** Turkey and Greece divide an island in the Maritsa River known as island ''Q'' located at {{coord|41|20|10|N|26|36|50|E}}, thus each nation has a pene-exclave there.<ref name="ibs41"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/k-35-102.jpg |title=Soviet military topographic maps 1:100000 (in Russian) |access-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329034555/http://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm100/k-35-102.jpg |archive-date=2016-03-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[United States of America]]/[[Canada]]:  The two nations share extremely long borders defined by two meridians of longitude and the [[49th parallel north#The Canada – United States border|49th parallel]] of north latitude, crossing many lakes and rivers and, in at least 46 locations, dividing many islands. Each [[List of divided islands|divided island]] contains a pene-exclave of each nation:
** Canada and the U.S. divide an [http://binged.it/19epoJA island] in the [[Columbia River]] at {{coord|49|0.04|N|117|38.01|W}} near the [[List of Canada–United States border crossings|Waneta border crossing]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[British Columbia]].
** [[Sheridan County, Montana|Salt Lake]] in northeastern [[Montana]], known as Alkali Lake in [[Saskatchewan]], contains an [http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=49.00000,-104.31094&z=16&t=H island] that is crossed by the international border at its southern tip ({{coord|49|0|0|N|104|18|39.4|W}}). When the lake is not dry, the island forms pene-exclaves of each nation.
** The two nations also divide two islands<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.nd.gov/gis/apps/HubExplorerV2/?extent=-100.21845,48.99771,-100.21032,48.99996&basemap=https://ndgishub.nd.gov/ArcGIS/rest/services/Basemap_Imagery/MapServer| title=NDGIS North Dakota Hub Explorer| access-date=16 September 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105247/https://www.nd.gov/gis/apps/HubExplorerV2/?extent=-100.21845%2C48.99771%2C-100.21032%2C48.99996&basemap=https%3A%2F%2Fndgishub.nd.gov%2FArcGIS%2Frest%2Fservices%2FBasemap_Imagery%2FMapServer| archive-date=17 September 2018| url-status=live}}</ref> on their international border in [[Boundary Lake]], [[North Dakota]] and [[Manitoba]]. The larger eastern island lies at {{coord|48|59|57|N|100|12|47|W}}; the tiny western island is at {{coord|48|59|57|N|100|13|1.5|W}}.
** Each nation has a pene-exclave on the 77-acre [http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=45.00491,-72.23131&z=16&t=H&marker0=45.00491%2C-72.23131%2C5.7%20km%20SxSE%20of%20Lake%20Memphremagog%20VT Province Island] at {{coord|45.00491|N|72.23131|W}} in [[Lake Memphremagog]], [[Vermont]] and [[Quebec]]. The small southern tip is on the U.S. side; the remaining 90% of the island is Canadian.
**The two nations divide [[Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas|Pine and Curry Island]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/detail.html?id=sna01007|access-date=2021-04-27|title=Pine and Curry Island SNA|website=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources}}</ref> in [[Lake of the Woods]] on the Minnesota/Ontario border at {{coord|48.876967|N|94.683964|W|type:isle}}
** In addition to the above, the two nations share a border on approximately 17 other [[List of divided islands#Lake islands|lake islands]] (5 are in [[Alaska]]/[[Yukon]]) and approximately 50 other [[List of divided islands#River islands|river islands]] (37 in Alaska/Yukon, including at least 18 among greatly bifurcated flows). The 13 river islands outside of Alaska and Yukon border the states of Washington, Montana, North Dakota and [[Maine]] (1, 7, 1 and 4, respectively) and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, [[Alberta]], Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec and [[New Brunswick]] (1, 5, 2, 1, 1 and 3, respectively). The 17 lake islands at lower latitudes are shared by the states of Washington, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Vermont and Maine (2, 2, 9, 1, 1, 1 and 1, respectively), and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick (2, 1, 2, 8, 2, 1 and 1, respectively).

=== Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts) ===
* In [[Australia]]:
**The sparsely-inhabited [[Jervis Bay Territory]] occupies a coastal peninsula. It is not part of the [[Australian Capital Territory]] (ACT), but the laws of the ACT do apply to it. The Jervis Bay Territory is administered by the government of the ACT and thus it is a pene-exclave, accessible only by travel through [[New South Wales]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jervis Bay Territory Governance and Administration|url=http://www.regional.gov.au/territories/jervis_bay/governanceadministration.aspx|work=Although the Jervis Bay Territory is not legally part of the Australian Capital Territory, the laws of the ACT apply, in so far as they are applicable and, providing they are not inconsistent with an Ordinance, in the Territory by virtue of the Jervis Bay Acceptance Act 1915.|publisher=The Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport|access-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203142245/http://www.regional.gov.au/territories/jervis_bay/governanceadministration.aspx|archive-date=3 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
** The border between [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]] and New South Wales runs along the top of the south bank of the [[Murray River]] as far east as the source, thus the entire bank between the source and [[South Australia]]n border technically constitutes a pene-enclave of New South Wales, accessible by crossing the river by road only through Victoria.
* In [[Brazil]]:
** The village of [[Paranapiacaba]], a district of [[Santo André]] municipality, is only accessible by road through the [[Rio Grande da Serra]] municipality.

* In [[Canada]]:
** The village of [[Atlin, British Columbia]], is only accessible by road through the [[Yukon Territory]].
** The village of [[Tungsten, Northwest Territories]] is only accessible by road through the [[Yukon]].
** Similarly, to reach the towns of [[Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories|Fort McPherson]], [[Tsiigehtchic]] and [[Inuvik]] in the [[Inuvik Region]] by road from elsewhere in the [[Northwest Territories]], it is necessary to drive into Yukon and take the [[Dempster Highway]].
** [[Cold Lake (Canada)|Cold Lake]], a large C-shaped lake, straddles the border between [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]] in such a way that a peninsula in Albertan territory can only be reached overland by passing through Saskatchewan's [[Meadow Lake Provincial Park]].
** All [[Hudson Bay#Islands|islands in Hudson Bay]], including [[James Bay#Islands|those within James Bay]], and [[Ungava Bay#Geography|islands in Ungava Bay]] and [[Hudson Strait]], are part of the territory of Nunavut; many of those along the Ontario or Québec coasts are accessible from those provinces over frozen ice at times rather than the rest of the territory.
** [[Côte-Nord|North Shore]] communities in eastern Québec are accessible by road only through Labrador, separated by a gap in [[Quebec Route 138|Route 138]].
* In [[China]]:
** Most of [[Chongming Island]] at the mouth of the [[Yangtze]] is administered as [[Chongming County]] of [[Shanghai]] municipality. However, a long swath of the northern side of the island was added to the island in the 1970s from the formerly separate island of [[Yonglongsha]]. It is divided between [[Haiyong Township|Haiyong]] and [[Qilong Township|Qilong]] [[township (PRC)|townships]], which are administered as pene-exclaves of [[Nantong]]'s [[county (PRC)|county]]-level [[county-level city|cities]] of [[Haimen]] and [[Qidong City|Qidong]], respectively. Formerly connected only by ferry, they joined the mainland's road network with the completion of the [[Chongqi Bridge]], although all routes now pass through Shanghai's territory
* In [[Colombia]], the municipality of [[Tumaco]] ([[Nariño (Colombia)|Nariño]]) has a pene-exclave ([[San Juan de la Costa, Nariño|San Juan de la Costa]]) between the [[Pacific Ocean]] and the municipalities of [[Francisco Pizarro, Nariño|Francisco Pizarro]] and [[Mosquera, Nariño|Mosquera]].
* In [[Croatia]]:
** Slatine on the island of [[Čiovo]] is a pene-enclave of the city of [[Split, Croatia|Split]], as it can be reached by road only via three other municipalities ([[Solin]], [[Kaštela]] and [[Trogir]]).
** The north-western part of the municipality of [[Tisno]] is separated from the rest of the municipality by the municipality of [[Pirovac]].
** The villages of [[Vlašići]] and [[Smokvica, Pag|Smokvica]] belong to the town of [[Pag (town)|Pag]], but are separated from it by the municipality of [[Povljana]].
* In [[Estonia]]:
**[[Haapsalu]] urban municipality is a coastal pene-enclave of [[Lääne-Nigula Parish]];
**[[Loksa]] is a coastal pene-enclave of [[Kuusalu Parish]];
**[[Aegna]] island subdistrict of [[Tallinn]] lies on the coast of [[Viimsi Parish]], while [[Naissaar]] island of Viimsi Parish lies closer to Tallinn and [[Harku Parish]].
**[[Kõinastu]] islet village of [[Saaremaa Parish]] is accessible both by sea from [[Saaremaa]] island and on land and shallow water from the insular [[Muhu Parish]];
* In [[Finland]], the [[South Karelia]]n municipality of [[Taipalsaari]] is spread across several islands and peninsulas in [[Lake Saimaa]]; many are only accessible by road from its neighbouring municipalities. For example, the village of Merenlahti is located on a small peninsula, and the only way to get there by road is through [[Lappeenranta]]. 
* In [[Germany]], the North Sea islands of [[Neuwerk]], [[Scharhörn]] and [[Nigehörn]] off the [[Lower Saxony|Lower Saxon]] coast are pene-exclaves of the federal state of [[Hamburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/unusual-borders|title=Why are these borders so weird?|first=Frank|last=Jacobs|date=10 June 2020|access-date=2020-07-24}}</ref> During low tide, one can reach the [[tidal island]] of Neuwerk on foot or by horse carriages.
* In [[Hong Kong]]:
** 9 and 11 Anderson Road and Anderson Road Service Reservoir within Sai Kung District of the New Territories are only accessible from On Sau Road which lies within Wong Tai Sin District of New Kowloon, after this part of Anderson Road was demolished in 2014.
** Northernmost part of [[Chek Lap Kok]] island, part of the third runway of the [[Chek Lap Kok Airport]], which has a land border with Islands District while itself being part of [[Tuen Mun District]], has no direct access overland or by road with the rest of its district.
** Southern part of [[Hong Kong Disneyland Resort]] in Penny's Bay, part of [[Islands District]], is only accessible over land through [[Tsuen Wan District]].
** The southeastern end of the Kai Tak Development Area, itself within [[Kowloon City District]], is only accessible by road from [[Kwun Tong District]] via Cheung Yip Street, Shing Cheong Road, [[Kai Tak Bridge]] and [[Shing Fung Road]].
** [[Ma Wan]] is part of Tsuen Wan District, but only has land access with the rest of the district through Tsing Yi, which is part of Kwai Tsing District.
** The northern part of [[Sai Kung Peninsula]], known collectively as [[Sai Kung North]], is a part of [[Tai Po District]], not [[Sai Kung District]]. There is no direct road link between the two areas.
** Southern tip of the west breakwater of the naval base on the southern part of [[Stonecutters Island]], which crosses the southern edge of Sham Shui Po District into Kwai Tsing District, is only accessible from the rest of Kwai Tsing District by traveling through Sham Shui Po District.
**[[Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula]], which is located in the northeastern part of [[Lantau Island]], is not a part of [[Islands District]], but rather [[Tsuen Wan District]].
* In [[Iceland]]:
** [[Hafnarfjörður]] municipality is divided into two sections, on opposite sides of a peninsula.
** [[Skagabyggð]] municipality has two noncontiguous pieces with sea access.
** The municipality of [[Grímsnes- og Grafningshreppur]] has three sections. Two sections are connected at a [[quadripoint]], and the third is effectively separate, although administrative boundaries are undetermined. If this section is in fact connected, then the municipality of [[Bláskógabyggð]] would be divided in two (although still connected at the aforementioned quadripoint).<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.thingvellir.is/media/1508/manplan_web200406011330.pdf | title= Thingvellir National Park | access-date= 2019-01-21 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232608/https://www.thingvellir.is/media/1508/manplan_web200406011330.pdf | archive-date= 2019-01-21 | url-status= live }}</ref>
* In [[India]]:
** The [[Union Territory]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] includes two coastal exclaves in the state of [[Gujarat]]: [[Diu Island]] and [[Daman district, India|Daman district]]
** In [[Tamil Nadu]] State, the [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]] contains 27 exclaves of the two districts of [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]] and [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]].<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.academia.edu/2255524| title= Enclaves In Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve| first= Rauf| last= Ali| work= Report on Conservation of Biodiversity under FREEP …| date= 29 January 2001| page= 3| access-date= 2018-01-26}}</ref>
* In [[Indonesia]]:
** The province of [[Yogyakarta]] is a coastal enclave of [[Central Java]] province with access to the [[Indian Ocean]] in the south.
** In [[North Sumatra]], the city of [[Medan]] is a coastal enclave of [[Deli Serdang]] regency with access to the [[Strait of Malacca]] in the north.
** In [[South Sumatra]], the districts of Tanjung Sakti Pumi and Tanjung Sakti Pumu in [[Lahat Regency]], which lies west of [[Pagar Alam|Pagar Alam City]], is only accessible by road to the rest of the regency through Pagar Alam City. 
** In [[East Java]], the districts of Kasembon, Ngantang, and Pujon in [[Malang Regency]], which lies west of [[Batu, East Java|Batu City]], is only accessible by road to the rest of the Regency through Batu City. 
** In [[Central Sulawesi]], eleven of the sixteen districts of [[Donggala Regency]] are collectively separated from the rest of the regency by the city of [[Palu]], [[Sigi Regency]] and Palu Bay.
** In [[South Sulawesi]], six districts of [[Luwu Regency]], namely Walenrang, East Walenrang, West Walenrang, North Walenrang, Lamasi, and East Lamasi, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of [[Palopo]].
** In [[West Nusa Tenggara]], two districts of [[Bima Regency]], namely Tambora, and Sanggar, are separated from the rest of the regency by the [[Dompu Regency]].
* In [[Ireland]]:
** The townland of Aughinish in the parish of Oughtmama is a coastal pene-exclave of County Clare, from where it can be accessed by land only by travelling through County Galway.
** Sheanbeg is a townland east of [[Lismore, County Waterford]] that can only be accessed by road by passing through [[County Cork]]. Similarly, the adjacent townland of Marshtown in County Cork can only be accessed by passing through [[County Waterford]].{{cn|date=July 2023}}
* In [[Isle of Man]], the [[Local government in the Isle of Man|parish]] of [[Rushen]] is split into two sections by [[Port Erin]] and [[Port St. Mary]].
* In [[Italy]]:
** The southern part of the [[Province of Venice]], [[Veneto]], can be reached by land only by travelling through the Province of [[Padua]].
** The municipality of [[Oliveto Lario]] on the shore of [[Lake Como]] belongs to the [[Province of Lecco]], [[Lombardy]], but can be reached by land only through the [[Province of Como]]. 
** The village of Santa Margherita on the shore of [[Lake Lugano]] belongs to the municipality of [[Valsolda]] ([[Province of Como]]), but can be reached by land only by travelling through the municipalities of [[Claino con Osteno]] and [[Porlezza]]. 
* In [[Macau]]:
** The campus of the University of Macau is defined to be part of the statutory definition of Taipa and part of Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo but is only accessible through an undersea tunnel connected to Cotai.
* In [[Malaysia]]:
** [[Cape Rachado]] is an exclave of [[States of Malaysia|state]] of [[Malacca]], which lies on the coast of [[Negeri Sembilan]].
** [[Cameron Highlands]] lies in the state of [[Pahang]], but for many years the only road access was from [[Tapah]] in the state of [[Perak]]. A second route to [[Simpang Pulai]] in Perak and [[Gua Musang District|Gua Musang]] in [[Kelantan]] was opened in 2004. It was not until 2010 when the [[Malaysia Federal Route 102]] was completed, connecting the highlands to the rest of Pahang.
* In [[Mexico]], [[Calica]] and [[Xel-Há]] are two polygons of land belonging to the municipality of [[Cozumel]] in the state of [[Quintana Roo]] which are bounded by the municipalities of [[Solidaridad, Quintana Roo|Solidaridad]] and [[Tulum, Quintana Roo|Tulum]], respectively. Both polygons possess a coastline.
* In [[Moldova]], [[Tiraspol]], the capital city of the breakaway territory of [[Transnistria]], lies on the left bank of the [[Dniester River]] but has two pene-exclaves on the right bank inside an oxbow bend, which must be accessed on land through the [[Căuşeni district]].
* In [[Montenegro]], the southern portion of the municipality of [[Herceg Novi]] can be accessed by land only through the municipalities of [[Kotor]] and [[Tivat]].
* In the [[Netherlands]], the province of [[Overijssel]] has two pene-exclaves on the [[Gelderland]] bank of the [[IJssel]] river opposite the towns of [[Olst]] and [[Wijhe]], in which the villages of Marle (northerly), Welsum and Welsumerveld (southerly) are situated. There are cable ferries between Olst and Welsum and between Wijhe and Vorchten in the municipality of [[Heerde]] (there is no direct connection between Marle and the rest of Overijssel).
* In [[Norway]], [[Asker Municipality]] and [[Bærum Municipality]] in [[Akershus]] county are separated from the rest of the county by land that belongs to the counties of [[Oslo]] and [[Buskerud]] and the [[Oslofjorden]]. However, these municipalities border on the bay of [[Oslofjord]].
* In the [[Philippines]]:
** In [[Soccsksargen]], [[Sarangani]] province is divided by [[General Santos]] and [[Sarangani Bay]].
** In [[Zamboanga Peninsula]]:
*** [[Isabela, Basilan|Isabela City]] is part of this region (although it is the capital of the [[Bangsamoro]] province of [[Basilan]]), but it is separated from it by Basilan Strait.
*** [[Zamboanga del Sur]] – [[Zamboanga City]], a chartered city, is unofficially part of this province but is separated from it by [[Zamboanga Sibugay]].
** In [[Romblon|Romblon Province]], the exclave of the municipality of [[Looc, Romblon|Looc]] is separated by the Looc Bay forming a peninsula with neighboring municipality of [[Santa Fe, Romblon|Santa Fe]].
* In [[Portugal]], [[Vila Real de Santo António Municipality|Vila Real de Santo António]] is divided into 3 ''freguesias'', with one a few kilometres west of the other two. The "main," eastern part of its territory (where the municipal seat stands and where most of its inhabitants live) is more than three times smaller than the "secondary" part. To go from the eastern part to the western, one must pass through territory belonging to the municipality of [[Castro Marim]], or go by sea, as all 3 ''freguesias'' face the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the South.
* In the [[Republic of China]] ([[Taiwan]]), [[Keelung City]] (part of [[Taiwan Province]]) faces [[East China Sea]] on one side and borders [[New Taipei City]] (a [[Special municipality of Taiwan|special municipality]] not a part of Taiwan Province) on all other sides.
* In [[Romania]], the village of [[Nămoloasa]] ([[Galați County]]) can be accessed only through [[Vrancea County]] (where there is a bridge over the [[Siret (river)|Siret]]) because it is separated by the Siret from the rest of Galați county.
* In [[Russia]]:
** Adjacent to the northwestern boundary of [[Moscow]], there is a small exclave of the [[Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast|Krasnogorsk]] administrative district located at the 65-km mark outside of the 137-km [[Moscow Ring Road]] (''Moskovskaya Koltsevaya Avtomobilnaya Doroga'' or MKAD), within which the administrative center and regional court are located. This area lacks access to the nearby [[Moscow River]].
* In [[Samoa]], [[A'ana]], [[Palauli]], [[Satupa'itea]], and [[Va'a-o-Fonoti]] districts each have one exclave, and [[Gaga'emauga]] district has two. All parts of each district have sea access.
* In [[South Korea]]:
** [[Incheon]] Metropolitan City: [[Ganghwa Island]] is administered by Incheon, but is connected by bridges to [[Gyeonggi]] Province.
** [[Yeongjong Island]], where [[Incheon International Airport]] is located, is administered by Jung-gu, but is connected by bridges to Seo-gu and Yeonsu-gu. (A "gu" is a geo-political subdivision of S. Korea's metropolitan cities).
* In [[Switzerland]]:
** [[canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] has two pieces separated from the main territory by [[Lake Lucerne]]; one borders [[Schwyz]], the other Nidwalden.
** [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] has a municipitality named [[Schelten|La Scheulte]] that has only a 12-metre border with the rest of the [[Canton of Bern]], which can be reached only through the [[Canton of Jura]] or through the [[Canton of Solothurn]]. [https://www.google.com/maps/@47.3342581,7.5549479,14.22z 47°20'01.9"N 7°33'08.2"E]
** [[Nidwalden]]'s district of [[Hergiswil]] is separated by an arm of [[Lake Lucerne]].
** One of the pieces of [[canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] is a large exclave bounded by Vaud and [[Lake Neuchâtel]].
** [[Vaud]] has one exclave, Avenches, bordered by [[Lake Neuchâtel]] and Fribourg. [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]] also has one small pene-exclave, Tour romande, on the opposite shore of Lake Neuchâtel, bordering Bern, Fribourg, and Vaud (Avenches exclave). The coast of Lake Neuchâtel is thus separated into eight pieces belonging to four cantons: clockwise from the north they are Neuchâtel (main), Bern (main), Neuchâtel (pene-exclave), Vaud (exclave), Fribourg (main), Vaud (main), Fribourg (exclave), Vaud (main).
** Within [[Vaud]], [[Geneva]] has a pene-exclave on the shoreline on [[Lake Geneva]]. It is one of the two separate parts of the commune of [[Céligny]]. 
* In [[Ukraine]], [[Kinburn peninsula]] is administratively a part of [[Mykolaiv Oblast]] but can be reached by land only from [[Kherson Oblast]], as it is surrounded by sea from the main part of Mykolaiv Oblast. 
* In the [[United Arab Emirates]]: 
** The emirate of [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]] has three pene-exclaves on the [[Gulf of Oman]]: [[Dibba Al-Hisn]], [[Khor Fakkan]] and [[Kalba|Kalbā]]. Kalbā has two separate parts (east and west) connected by a middle zone that is administered jointly with [[Fujairah]]. Al 'Ayn al Ghumūr, Samāḩ and Waḩlah are located in this middle zone. Western Kalbā contains Zārūb, Maskūnah, Falaj, Ḩarrah, Mazārī', Fayyāᶁ, Wādī La'ili, Wādī Muᶁayq, Minazif and Dhabābiḩah.
** The emirate of [[Fujairah]] comprises two noncontiguous sections on the Gulf of Oman. The southerly of these two sections itself has two separate parts (north and south) connected by the aforementioned middle zone that is administered jointly with Sharjah. Wādī Umm al Ghāt, Wādī al Qūr and Wādī 'Abd al 'Aram are in the southernmost part. 
* In the [[United Kingdom]]:
** [[England]]:
*** The village of [[Pentreheyling]] in [[Shropshire]], near the [[Wales|Welsh]] border and south-east of [[Montgomery, Powys|Montgomery]], is disconnected from the rest of [[England]] by road. (see [http://www.multimap.com/map/browse.cgi?client=public&GridE=-3.11670&GridN=52.53020&lon=-3.11670&lat=52.53020&search_result=Pentreheyling%2CShropshire&db=freegaz&cidr_client=none&lang=&keepicon=true&place=Pentreheyling,Shropshire&pc=&advanced=&client=public&addr2=&quicksearch=Pentreheyling&addr3=&scale=100000&addr1= map]).
*** On the English side of the English/Scottish border, the hamlet of [[High Cocklaw]] is not accessible directly from any other part of England except via footpath.
*** [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] is part of the County of Suffolk, but has only a small strip of land connecting it to the rest of the county and is otherwise entirely surrounded by Cambridgeshire.
** [[Scotland]]: There are two parts inaccessible from anywhere else other than by travelling through [[England]]: these are [[Edrington Castle]] and the village of [[Cawderstanes]], which is accessible to the rest of Scotland by footbridge only. There is also a small area of land adjacent to a weir on the [[River Tweed]], north of the [[B6350 road]], due south of [[Coldstream]] and due south west of [[Cornhill on Tweed]], from where one can reach the rest of Scotland directly only by crossing the weir.
** [[Wales]]:
*** In [[Flintshire]], on the [[River Dee (United Kingdom)|Dee]] estuary, there are several bits of marshland that are separated from other bits of Wales.
*** There is also a small area of land south of [[Wyastone Leys]] that is inaccessible from any other area of [[Wales]] directly by road, being separated by land and the [[River Wye]].
*** Several small uninhabited areas near the hamlet of Part-Y-Seal or Pant-Y-Seal near [[Grosmont, Monmouthshire]] are inaccessible from Wales directly; these include one farm, two river banks and a small island in the [[River Monnow]]. These appear to be due to shifts in the course of the river.
* In the [[United States of America]]:
** Shifts in the [[meander]]ing course of the [[lower Mississippi River]] have created numerous pene-exclaves.
***Arkansas has territory at {{coord|35.65|N|89.87|W|type:isle_region:US-AR_dim:4600|display=inline}} across the Mississippi River on the northwest edge of Tennessee's [[Fort Pillow State Park]], north of the Corona/Reverie, Tennessee irregularity (see below).
***Illinois' [[Kaskaskia, Illinois|Kaskaskia]], Missouri's [[Grand Tower Island]] and other Illinois and Missouri territory on each other's side of the Mississippi River.
***The state of [[Mississippi]] controls at least 11 exclaves on the west bank of the Mississippi River in [[Louisiana]], while Louisiana owns 8 exclaves on Mississippi's side.
***Mississippi state also owns 14 exclaves on the bank in [[Arkansas]], while Arkansas has 15 of its own on Mississippi's side.
** In [[California]]:
*** [[Coast Guard Island]] in the Oakland estuary is part of the city of [[Alameda, California|Alameda]] but it is accessible only via a bridge from [[Oakland, California|Oakland]].
*** The [[seaport]] of [[San Pedro, Los Angeles, California|San Pedro]] is part of the [[Los Angeles|City of Los Angeles]] but is connected to the rest of the city only by a narrow strip of land known as the [[Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles, California|Harbor Gateway]], four [[city block]]s wide and several miles long.
*** The City of [[San Diego]] has a significantly large exclave. It includes the communities of [[San Ysidro, San Diego|San Ysidro]], [[Otay Mesa]], Palm, and other neighborhoods considered as parts of San Diego. This piece of San Diego is separated from the main portion of San Diego by 7 miles, divided by the cities of [[National City, California|National City]] and [[Chula Vista]]. Technically, it is connected to the rest of San Diego by a seven-mile-long, two-inch-wide strip of land on the bottom of [[San Diego Bay]]. Hence, it is essentially an exclave, and it is commonly referred to as "South San Diego". 
*** The city of [[Coronado, California|Coronado]], nearly encircled by San Diego Bay, can be reached by land only via a narrow isthmus connected to [[Imperial Beach, CA|Imperial Beach]]. A bridge also connects it to San Diego. Four other small pene-exclaves occupy the same peninsula. Coastal lands that are north of Wright Ave., at the northern end of First St., part of Coronado Ferry Landing Park, and that surround most of [[Naval Air Station North Island]] (island before 1945) are part of the city of [[San Diego]] and are accessible on land only through the city of Coronado. A large portion of the famous Coronado beach is in the City of San Diego.
*** [[Redwood Shores]] on the San Francisco Peninsula is part of [[Redwood City, California|Redwood City]], but is only connected with the rest of the city by an area of wetland in [[San Francisco Bay]]. It is accessible only via the cities of [[San Carlos, California|San Carlos]] and [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].
*** [[Devils Postpile National Monument]] in eastern [[Madera County]], California, is inaccessible from the remainder of the county due to wilderness areas of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] mountain range. It can be reached only via [[Mono County]] near [[Mammoth Lakes]].
*** The [[General Grant Grove]] is an isolated, noncontiguous section of [[Kings Canyon National Park]].
** [[Delaware]] – At least two parcels of land on the eastern (New Jersey) side of the [[Delaware River]] belong to the state of Delaware (the bulk of which is west of the river) and not to New Jersey. This is because within the "[[Twelve Mile Circle]]", the entire Delaware River, to the low water mark, is the territory of Delaware and not New Jersey (unlike many other river borders where the border is at some intermediate point in the river itself). As a result, certain areas (including the [[Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge]] and a portion of the [[Salem Nuclear Power Plant]]) on the New Jersey side of the river that have been expanded by adding fill into areas that were historically below the low water mark are considered part of [[New Castle County, Delaware]], and not [[Salem County, New Jersey]]. Both of these areas are accessible by land only by traveling through New Jersey.
** [[Kentucky]] – [[Ellis Park Race Course]], a [[Thoroughbred]] [[horse racing]] track in [[Henderson, Kentucky]], actually lies to the north of the [[Ohio River]] that forms the border between Kentucky and [[Indiana]]. The border is based on the river's course when Kentucky achieved statehood in 1792; a change in course to the south left the land that would later house Ellis Park cut off from the rest of Kentucky by the river. [[Bi-State Vietnam Gold Star Bridges|A pair of bridges]] across the Ohio connect the track to the rest of Kentucky.
** [[Iowa]] – The town of [[Carter Lake, Iowa]], occupied a [[meander]] on the left bank of the [[Missouri River]], until 1877 when flooding caused the river to jump its banks, shortening the main stream. The meander became an [[oxbow lake]] and Carter Lake now found itself on the right bank, attached to [[Nebraska]]. A lengthy court case ensued; the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] finally held that the sudden change in the river's course did not change the original boundary, and Carter Lake was still part of Iowa. (''Nebraska v. Iowa'', 143 U.S. 359 (1892)). The Court delayed a final decree to allow Nebraska and Iowa to reach an agreement consistent with its holding, which the states did. (145 U.S. 519 (1892)). All of the roads into Carter Lake run through [[Omaha, Nebraska]].
**For similar geographic reasons several portions of [[Nebraska]] lie east of the [[Missouri River]], mainly due to flooding and changes in the river's path:
***[[DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge]] near Blair, which borders Iowa. A portion of Iowa is also on the Nebraska side in the same area.
***[[McKissick Island]] near Peru, which borders Missouri.
***A section of land that borders Iowa, [[Sloan, Iowa|Sloan]].
***Onawa Materials Yard Wildlife Area and Middle Decatur Bend State Wildlife Management Area near [[Onawa, Iowa]].
** [[Louisiana]] – The island of [[Grand Isle, Louisiana|Grand Isle]] is part of [[Jefferson Parish]] but can be reached on land only via a bridge from [[Lafourche Parish]].
** In [[Massachusetts]]:
*** Acoaxet is a portion of the town of [[Westport, Massachusetts|Westport]] that borders the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line on its west, [[Buzzards Bay]] on its south, and the west branch of the [[Westport River]] on its east; it can only be accessed by road from [[Little Compton, Rhode Island]].
*** There is a narrow salient of [[Fall River, Massachusetts|Fall River]] that borders the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line on its west and the west shores of [[Watuppa Ponds|South Watuppa Pond]], Stony Brook and Sawdy Pond on its east; several homes and streets located within this salient can only be accessed by road from [[Tiverton, Rhode Island]].
*** [[Humarock]], legally part of [[Scituate, Massachusetts|Scituate]], was separated from the rest of the town in the [[Blizzard of 1898]], in which the mouth of the [[North River (Massachusetts Bay)|North River]] shifted. The village is only accessible via a bridge that connects it to [[Marshfield, Massachusetts|Marshfield]], but has a peninsular connection to the mainland to the south at the old mouth of the North River, now [http://toposm.ahlzen.com/?zoom=13&layers=B000&lat=42.13254&lon=-70.68382 Rexhame Beach].
*** [[Long Island (Massachusetts)|Long Island]], situated in [[Boston Harbor]], is part of the City of [[Boston]] ([[Suffolk County, Massachusetts|Suffolk County]]) yet remains accessible by road only from [[Quincy, Massachusetts|Quincy]] ([[Norfolk County, Massachusetts|Norfolk County]]).
*** The town of [[Sandwich, Massachusetts|Sandwich]] is partially separated in its northern portion by the [[Cape Cod Canal]] and is only accessible by road through the neighboring town of [[Bourne, Massachusetts|Bourne]].
*** A neighborhood in [[Webster, Massachusetts|Webster]] that lies on the south shore of [[Lake Chaubunagungamaug]] (or Webster Lake) that is detached from the rest of the town's road network and can only be accessed by roads from neighboring [[Thompson, Connecticut]].
** [[Michigan]] –
*** The "[[Lost Peninsula]]" in Monroe County, Michigan, can only be reached via [[Toledo, Ohio]]. It is otherwise surrounded by [[Maumee Bay]] in [[Lake Erie]]. ([https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=monroe,+mi&ll=41.736223,-83.456655&spn=0.009111,0.02429 Map])
*** The [[Upper Peninsula]] is attached by land to [[Wisconsin]]. It is connected to the rest of Michigan via the {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} [[Mackinac Bridge]] on [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|I-75]].
** [[Missouri]] – St. Joseph Rosecrans Memorial Airport is separated from St. Joseph and Buchanan County by the [[Missouri River]]. The airport, which lies on the west bank of the river, was once on the east bank along with the remainder of the city and county. Shifts in the course of the river put it on the west bank; part of the former course of the river became Browning Lake, an oxbow lake to the south of the airport. The only land access to the airport from Missouri is via [[Kansas]] Route 238 through Elwood. 
** [[New Hampshire]]: 
***[[Chatham, New Hampshire|Chatham]] is only accessible by road through [[Maine]].
***In [[Rindge, New Hampshire|Rindge]], there is a small peninsula in [[Lake Monomonac]] that is only accessible by road from [[Winchendon, Massachusetts]].
***Similarly, in [[Wakefield, New Hampshire|Wakefield]], a peninsula that juts out into [[Great East Lake]] can only be accessed by road from [[Acton, Maine]].
** In [[New Jersey]]:
*** In [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]], [[Long Beach Township, New Jersey|Long Beach Township]] is split into four parts, each with sea access.
*** Elsewhere in Ocean County, [[Dover Beaches South, New Jersey|Ortley Beach]] and [[Dover Beaches North, New Jersey|some other small sections]] of [[Toms River Township, New Jersey|Toms River]], otherwise inland, are located on Barnegat Peninsula.
*** In Monmouth County, the [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]] peninsula is within [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown Township]], though it is not connected to the rest of the township by land.<ref>Per "Thinking", 1995: "During the Revolutionary War, the British held Sandy Hook, a seven-mile finger of land in Raritan Bay that is part of Middletown even though it is not connected to the municipality."</ref>
*** The northernmost land in the state, just south of the [[Tri-States Monument]] in [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]]'s [[Montague Township, New Jersey|Montague Township]], is the end of the point bar at the [[confluence]] of the [[Delaware River|Delaware]] and [[Neversink River|Neversink]] rivers. It can only be reached by roads that go through [[Port Jervis, New York]].
** In [[New York (state)|New York]]:
*** The construction in 1895 of the [[Harlem River Ship Canal]] isolated [[Marble Hill, Manhattan, New York|Marble Hill]], a small portion of the northern tip of Manhattan ([[New York County]]). Initially an island, it was later physically connected to the Bronx by the filling of [[Spuyten Duyvil Creek]]. It remains politically part of Manhattan, to which it is connected by the Broadway Bridge. Thus, it is part of the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, but not the island of Manhattan.
*** [[Rockaway, Queens|Rockaway Peninsula]], part of [[Queens]], is connected to the rest of New York City only by two causeways across Jamaica Bay, or through [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]].
*** [[Riker's Island]], the [[County jail|jail]] complex of the [[New York City|City of New York]], is considered to be in the borough of [[The Bronx]], but is only accessible via the Riker's Island Bridge, which terminates in the Borough of [[Queens]].
*** Manhattan's borders often extend to the shorelines of the other boroughs so that, for example, certain piers extending from the [[Brooklyn]] waterfront are part of Manhattan but accessible only from Brooklyn. Manhattan (New York County) claims the entire [[East River]] bed.
*** A {{convert|250|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} strip of the [[Bronx]] is separated from the rest of the borough by [[Pelham Bay Park]] as a result of a past error in drawing the border. The only residential street in this pene-exclave, Park Drive, is accessible by car only via the town of [[Pelham (town), Westchester County, New York|Pelham]], in [[Westchester County]].
*** A small part of the city of [[Mount Vernon]] is cut off from the rest of the city by the [[Cross County Parkway]]. The three streets of Alta Drive, Alta Parkway and Labelle Road can only be accessed by car via the town of [[Eastchester (town), New York|Eastchester]].
*** The geography of the [[Catskill Mountains]] in [[upstate New York]] creates pene-exclaves in two counties. [[Halcott, New York|Halcott]], at the southwestern corner of [[Greene County, New York|Greene County]], and [[Hardenburgh, New York|Hardenburgh]], at the western corner of [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster County]], have extensive borders with neighboring towns in their respective counties. But those are along mountain ridgelines directly crossed only by hiking trails, or (in Halcott's case) poor-quality unpaved roads, and vehicles traveling to those towns from the rest of the county must take roads through neighboring counties to do so.
*** The town of Hardenbergh is also an exclave of itself. The only road directly connecting its southern half, along the upper [[Beaver Kill]], and the northern half along [[Dry Brook (East branch Delaware River)|Dry Brook]], now runs through state-owned [[Forest Preserve (New York)|Forest Preserve]] lands and is closed to vehicle traffic. To get between those two halves, cars must travel through neighboring Delaware County.
** In [[North Carolina]]: 
***[[Knotts Island, North Carolina|Knotts Island]] in [[Currituck County]] is only accessible by road through Virginia Beach, Virginia via a narrow strip of land from the west. A 45-minute ferry connects the island to the rest of Currituck.
***On the north shore of [[Lake Gaston]] lie several small areas connected only by land to Virginia. Most of these have road and bridge connections to North Carolina, but one small area south of [[Joyceville, Virginia]] has road connections only to Virginia.
** In [[Pennsylvania]], the westernmost section of the city of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] is a pene-en(ex)clave connected at a quadripoint with the rest of the city; it is surrounded by [[South Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania|South Whitehall Township]].<ref>{{cite web|title=USGS National Map Viewer|access-date=2013-08-19|url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/?p=default&b=base1&q=Allentown%2C%20Pa&x=-8407964.101952802&y=4952901.870368204&l=15&v=Boundaries%3A4%3B14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045502/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/?p=default&b=base1&q=Allentown,%20Pa&x=-8407964.101952802&y=4952901.870368204&l=15&v=Boundaries:4%3B14|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** Also in Pennsylvania, [[Pond Eddy, Pennsylvania|Pond Eddy]], an unincorporated area along the [[Delaware River]] in [[Pike County, Pennsylvania|Pike County]]'s [[Shohola Township, Pennsylvania|Shohola Township]], is not connected by road to anywhere else in the town, county, or state. It can only be reached by driving to the [[Pond Eddy Bridge]] via roads in New York.
** In [[Rhode Island]], the city of [[Warwick, Rhode Island|Warwick]] has an exclave called [[Potowomut, Rhode Island|Potowomut]] separated from the main body of the city by [[Greenwich Bay (Rhode Island)|Greenwich Bay]] on the north and the town of [[East Greenwich, Rhode Island|East Greenwich]] on the west.
*** Elsewhere in Rhode Island, [[Newport County, Rhode Island|Newport County]] consists of three islands and one mainland portion, connected to [[Aquidneck Island|Aquidneck]], by a bridge.
** In [[Tennessee]], over a period of about 24 hours on 7 March 1876, the Mississippi River abandoned its former channel that defined the Tennessee-Arkansas border, and established a new channel east of the town of [[Reverie, Tennessee]]. This places Reverie on the Arkansas side, while most of the area of [[Tipton County, Tennessee|Tipton County]] is located east of the Mississippi River, the Tennessee side. The direct distance between Reverie and the county seat, [[Covington, Tennessee]], is only 18 miles (29&nbsp;km), but the road trip to Covington requires the driver to cross the Mississippi River at [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], and it is longer than 83 miles (134&nbsp;km).
** In [[South Carolina]], small parts of [[Horry County, SC|Horry County]] lie on the north shore of the [[Little River (Horry County, South Carolina)|Little River]] or the nearby [[Intracoastal Waterway]] and can only be reached by land connection from neighboring North Carolina. The land is unpopulated and no roads exist in the area.
** [[Grand Isle County, Vermont]], in that state's northwest corner, consists of the Alburgh Tongue (see above) and several islands in [[Lake Champlain]]. It is only connected to the rest of the state via bridges.
** In [[Virginia]]:
***The [[Eastern Shore of Virginia|Eastern Shore]], comprising [[Accomack County, VA|Accomack County]] and [[Northampton County, VA|Northampton County]], is located at the southern tip of the [[Delmarva Peninsula]], conterminous only with [[Maryland]] on its north. It is connected to the rest of Virginia by the {{convert|23|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} [[Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel]].
***Several pieces of land along the shores of [[Kerr Lake]] and [[Lake Gaston]] can only be accessed by land from North Carolina. Some areas are undeveloped, but others, especially along the south shore of Kerr Lake, have state highways and settlement.
***[[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico County]] has a small parcel across the [[James River]] from the contiguous part of the county, completely surrounded by [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield County]] and the James River.
** In [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Camano Island]] is part of [[Island County, Washington|Island County]]. Although Camano is contiguous with Island County via the [[Saratoga Passage]], its residents can only drive to the rest of the county via road and bridge by traveling north through [[Snohomish County]] and [[Skagit County]] on State Route 20, or by traveling south through Snohomish County and then to [[Clinton, Washington|Clinton]] via the [[Mukilteo]]-Clinton [[Washington State Ferries|ferry]] on State Route 525.
** [[West Virginia]] – A peninsula in [[Monongalia County, West Virginia|Monongalia County]] bounded by [[Cheat Lake]] and Rubles Run ({{coord|39|43|2|N|79|50|44|W}}), except for a walking trail over a dam, is only accessible by land from [[Fayette County, Pennsylvania]], more specifically [[Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania|Springhill Township]].
** [[Wisconsin]] – The [[Mont du Lac, Wisconsin|Mont du Lac]] resort and the area to its north are accessible only by a {{convert|0.8|mi|km|adj=on}} section of [[Minnesota State Highway 23]] that runs through a sliver of [[Superior (town), Wisconsin|the town of Superior]] in [[Douglas County, Wisconsin|Douglas County]], in Wisconsin's northwest corner. Several local dead-end roads run off it; there is no way to reach this part of the county or state by vehicle from anywhere else in Wisconsin.
** [[Washington, D.C.]] – [[Theodore Roosevelt Island]] in the Potomac River is part of Washington, D.C., but only accessible by a footbridge from Virginia. Although the [[Theodore Roosevelt Bridge]] from Washington to Virginia passes over the island, one cannot exit from the bridge onto the island.
*In [[Venezuela]]: eastern part of the state of [[Zulia]] is connected with the rest of the state by a bridge over [[Lake Maracaibo]], and the northeastern part of the municipality of Sucre in the state of Zulia is separated from the rest of the state by the state of [[Mérida (state)|Mérida]].

====Divided islands====
* In [[Australia]]: [[Boundary Islet]], historically known as North East Islet, is a [[Hogan Group]] islet of less than {{convert|2|ha|acre|spell=in}} that straddles the border of the Australian states of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[Tasmania]]. The islet is Tasmania's only land boundary, and at {{convert|85|m|ft}} long, it is the shortest land border between any Australian state or territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/one-island-two-countries/ |title=One Island, Two Countries |date=April 24, 2012 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Frank |last=Jacobs |access-date=November 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908014625/http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/one-island-two-countries/ |archive-date=September 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In [[Canada]]:
** [[Killiniq Island]] is shared between [[Nunavut]] and the province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]].
** [[Nunavut]] and the [[Northwest Territories]] (NWT) share four islands that are split by the [[110th meridian west|110° W meridian]]: [[Borden Island]], [[Mackenzie King Island]], [[Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)|Melville Island]] and [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]]. Excluding lake crossings, Melville Island contains three separate land boundaries between Nunavut and NWT due to coastal undulation, while Victoria Island contains six such land boundaries, of which one is on a small island.
* In the [[China|People's Republic of China]]:
** [[Zhongshan Dao]] is divided between [[Guangdong Province]] and the [[Special administrative regions of China|Special Administrative Region]] and former Portuguese overseas province of [[Macau]].
** Part of [[Hengqin Island]] in [[Zhuhai]], Guangdong Province is leased to Macau until 2049 to house the new campus of the [[University of Macau]]. The university campus is sealed off from the rest of the island by a fence, and access to the area is provided by an underwater tunnel to Macau.
* In [[Croatia]]:
** [[Pag (island)|Pag]] is divided between [[Lika-Senj County]] and [[Zadar County]].
* In [[Indonesia]]:
** [[Belitung]] is divided between [[Belitung Regency|Belitung]] and [[East Belitung Regency|East Belitung]] regencies.
** [[Buru]] is divided between [[Buru Regency|Buru]] and [[South Buru Regency|South Buru]] regencies in [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] province.
** [[Salawati]] is divided between [[Sorong Regency|Sorong]] and [[Raja Ampat Regency|Raja Ampat]] regencies in [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]] province.
* In the [[United States]]:
** The [[City and County of San Francisco]] has four pene-enclaves on three islands in [[San Francisco Bay]], which it shares with neighboring counties: 
*** On [[Alameda Island]] adjoining [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]], artificial fill on the border between the two counties to build the [[Naval Air Station Alameda]] (now decommissioned) created the pene-enclave. This small piece of open space can be reached on land only by passing through [[Oakland, CA|Oakland]] and [[Alameda, CA|Alameda]].
*** There are two small (5.37 [[acre]]s) pieces of land on the eastern end of [[Angel Island, California|Angel Island]] (Quarry Point and the tip of Point Blunt) that belong to San Francisco. The rest (99.3%) of Angel Island lies in the town of [[Tiburon, California|Tiburon]], which is in [[Marin County, CA|Marin County]].
*** San Francisco and [[Contra Costa County]] share [[Red Rock Island]]. A [[tripoint]] with Marin County may sometimes be exposed at low tide.
** [[Bellows Falls, Vermont]] and [[Walpole, New Hampshire]] share an island in the [[Connecticut River]].
** Rhode Island and Connecticut share [[Sandy Point Island]] in [[Little Narragansett Bay]].
** New Jersey and New York share [[Shooter's Island]], a bird sanctuary located in the south end of [[Newark Bay]] off the north shore of [[Staten Island]]. (The small portion in New Jersey is further divided between two counties.)
** Delaware and Maryland share [[Fenwick Island (Delaware–Maryland)|Fenwick Island]].
** Maryland and Virginia share [[Smith Island, Maryland|Smith Island]] in [[Chesapeake Bay]], as well as [[Assateague Island]] on the Atlantic coast.
** Virginia and North Carolina share [[Knotts Island, North Carolina|Knotts Island]], [[Mon Island, North Carolina|Mon Island]] and [[Simon Island, Virginia|Simon Island]], separated from the Atlantic by an intracoastal waterway.
** North Carolina and South Carolina share [[Bird Island, North Carolina|Bird Island]] on the Atlantic coast.
** Florida and Alabama share [[Perdido Key]] in the Gulf of Mexico.
** Alabama and Mississippi share [[South Rigolets Island]] in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as an unnamed coastal island at the mouth of [[Bayou Heron]].
** Minnesota and Wisconsin share [[Interstate Island]] State Wildlife Management Area in [[Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary)|Saint Louis Bay]] between Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin.
** Michigan and Ohio share [[Turtle Island (Lake Erie)|Turtle Island]] in Lake Erie.
** At the mouth of the [[Columbia River]], Oregon and Washington share [[Sand Island Dike]] and [[Rice Island (Oregon)|Rice Island]].<ref>{{cite book|pages=2–27|url=http://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/WA/jbh-lc/Draft%20CCP%20EIS/2%20Chapter%202%20Alternatives%20Goals%20Objectives%20and%20Strategies.pdf|title=Lewis and Clark and Julia Butler Hansen National Wildlife Refuges Draft CCP/EIS Chapter 2. Alternatives, Goals, Objectives, and Strategies|publisher=United States Fish and Wildlife Service|location=Washington, DC|access-date=2016-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507043834/http://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/main/docs/WA/jbh-lc/Draft%20CCP%20EIS/2%20Chapter%202%20Alternatives%20Goals%20Objectives%20and%20Strategies.pdf|archive-date=2016-05-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Historic enclaves/exclaves ==

===National level===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; border:1px;; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|-
! Name<ref name=Whyte2/>
! data-sort-type="number"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Exclave of
! Enclaved within
! Coordinates
! Notes
!Existed
|-
|[[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves]] (91 parcels) || 21.8 || {{flag|Bangladesh}} ([[Rangpur Division]] – [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]], [[Nilphamari District|Nilphamari]], [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]], and [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] districts) || {{flag|India}} ([[West Bengal]] state – [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]] and [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] districts) || approx. {{coord|26|18|N|88|57|E}} || All parcels were both enclaves and exclaves. 21 of the 91 former [[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves|Bangladeshi exclaves]] were counter-enclaves. These 91 Bangladeshi enclaves were extinguished on 31 July 2015, when the long-delayed Land Boundary Agreement with India was implemented, leaving [[Dahagram|Dahagram-Angarpota]] as the only extant enclave.<ref name="washpost">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/01/say-goodbye-to-the-weirdest-border-dispute-in-the-world/?tid=pm_world_pop_b Say goodbye to the weirdest border dispute in the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801211024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/08/01/say-goodbye-to-the-weirdest-border-dispute-in-the-world/?tid=pm_world_pop_b |date=2015-08-01 }}, Washington Post, August 1, 2015.</ref>
|1949 – 2015
|-
|[[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves]] (106 parcels) || 69.5 || {{flag|India}} ([[West Bengal]] state – [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]] and [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] districts) || {{flag|Bangladesh}} ([[Rangpur Division]] – [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]], [[Nilphamari District|Nilphamari]], [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]], and [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] districts) || {{coord|26|9|0|N|88|45|44|E}} (former third-order enclave)|| All parcels were both enclaves and exclaves. Three of the 106 former [[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves|Indian exclaves]] were counter-enclaves and one was the world's only [[Dahala Khagrabari|counter-counter enclave]]. All of the 106 Indian exclaves were extinguished on 31 July 2015, when the long-delayed Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh was implemented.<ref name="washpost"/>
|1949 – 2015
|-
|[[Barak, Kyrgyzstan|Barak]] (''de facto'') || 2.07<ref name="acme">Area based on this [http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=40.66667%2C72.76667&z=12&t=K&marker0=40.66667%2C72.76667 map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504055429/http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=40.66667%2C72.76667&z=12&t=K&marker0=40.66667%2C72.76667|date=2014-05-04}} using Google Maps area calculator tool [http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-area-calculator-tool.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430145550/http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-area-calculator-tool.htm|date=2014-04-30}}</ref>|| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} ([[Kara-Suu District]] – [[Osh Region]]) || {{flag|Uzbekistan}} ([[Andijan Region]]) || {{coord|40|40|N|72|46|E}} || Kyrgyzstan's 1991 pre-independence border is the ''de jure'' international border, but much of it is hotly disputed with its neighbors. In August 1999, the area around Barak was occupied by [[Uzbekistan]], cutting it off from Kyrgyz territory. Uzbek forces dug up and blockaded the road to Ak-Tash<ref>{{cite web|title=To Survive, Villagers Buck Uzbek Border Controls|first=Nick Solly|last=Megoran|date=24 May 2004|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/business/articles/eav052504.shtml|publisher=EurasiaNet|access-date=2014-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319135142/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/business/articles/eav052504.shtml|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> while also allegedly seizing large areas of Kyrgyz land that had been loaned in the Soviet era but never returned.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bad neighbors, bad fences|first=Nick|last=Megoran|publisher=Asia Times Online|date=15 Mar 2000|url=http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/BC15Ag01.html|access-date=2014-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319134228/http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/BC15Ag01.html|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> They entrenched themselves within much of Kyrgyz border territory and refused to leave.<ref>{{cite book|title =The Dynamics of Interstate Boundaries (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics)|url =https://archive.org/details/dynamicsintersta00gavr_529|url-access =limited|first=George |last=Gavrilis|isbn=978-0521898997 |edition=1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dynamicsintersta00gavr_529/page/n66 120]–121|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=22 Sep 2008}}</ref> Barak became a ''de facto'' enclave only 1.5&nbsp;km from the shifted main border.<ref name="ea">{{cite web|title=Kyrgyz In Exclave In Uzbekistan Want To Relocate To Kyrgyzstan|date=12 May 2011|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/print/63475|publisher=EurasiaNet|access-date=2014-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319135155/http://www.eurasianet.org/print/63475|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Four Uzbek enclaves and Barak were major sticking points in delimitation talks,<ref name="trend">{{cite web|title=Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan intensify work on delimitation and demarcation of state border|date=18 Feb 2014|first=Demir|last=Azizov|url=http://en.trend.az/regions/casia/uzbekistan/2243118.html|access-date=2014-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319133327/http://en.trend.az/regions/casia/uzbekistan/2243118.html|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and disputes centered on the areas of Barak, Sokh, [[Uzbek-Gava|Gava]] and Gavasay (stream).<ref>{{cite web |title=Продолжаются споры по линии прохождения узбеко-кыргызской границы. Неделимы Сох, Барак и Гавасай |url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1014330840 |date=22 Feb 2002 |author=Борис ГОЛОВАНОВ |publisher=Вечерний Бишкек |access-date=2014-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319134929/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1014330840 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> ([http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=40.66667,72.76667&z=12&t=K&marker0=40.66667%2C72.76667 Map]) In August 2018 Kyrgyz and Uzbek authorities agreed to a land swap that would eliminate the enclave.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-agree-to-work-on-land-swap-near-border/29435146.html|title=Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan Agree To Work On Land Swap Near Border|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315023547/https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-agree-to-work-on-land-swap-near-border/29435146.html|archive-date=2019-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref> The land swap became permanent in April 2024, when the Barak enclave was absorbed by Uzbekistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-kyrgyzstan-barak-exclave-historic-border-deal/32917744.html|date=23 April 2024| first=Chris|last=Rickleton|title=Farewell Barak: Uzbekistan Absorbs Kyrgyz Exclave As Part Of Historic Border Deal|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |quote=In accordance with the terms of a bilateral agreement, Barak -- a 208-hectare cutout of Kyrgyz territory entirely surrounded by Uzbekistan -- was absorbed by the larger country, with Kyrgyzstan receiving an equivalent parcel of Uzbekistan's Andijon Province in exchange.}}</ref>
|1999 – 2024
|-
|[[Darchen|Tarchen]], Cherkip Gompa, Dho, Dungmar, Gesur, Gezon, Itse Gompa, Khochar, Nyanri, Ringung, Sanmar and Zuthulphuk<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bray |first=J. |year=1997 |title=Ladakhi and Bhutanese enclaves in Tibet |journal=Recent Research on Ladakh |publisher=Ulmer Kulturantropologische Schriften. Universität Ulm |volume=Proceedings of the 7th Colloquium of the International Association for Ladakh Studies. Bonn/St. Augustin, 12–15 June 1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Pranavananda |first=F.R.G.S. Swami |title=Exploration in Tibet |publisher=University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India |year=1950 |page=146}}</ref>
|
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|[[Tibet]]
|
|
|1640s –1959
|-
|}

*[[Belgium]]:
** Belgium had a counter-enclave located near [[Fringshaus]] from 6 November 1922 until 23 April 1949, while Germany owned the connecting roads that were part of the Roetgener Wald enclave. These roads met at a traffic island north of Fringshaus, with the 2279 m<sup>2</sup> island itself being a part of Belgium. This counter-enclave was extinguished in 1949 when Belgium annexed the German roads that intersected at the traffic island. In 1958, when Belgium returned the east–west road to Germany, this traffic island also became part of the Roetgener Wald enclave
*[[China]]:
** [[Forbidden City]] – The [[Xinhai Revolution]] led to the overthrow of the [[Qing dynasty]] and the establishment of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] (ROC) in 1912. In exchange for the abdication of the last Qing emperor [[Puyi]], the Qing court and the ROC government signed an agreement for the favourable treatment of the abdicated emperor. Puyi was allowed to retain his title as emperor and was accorded the courtesies as a foreign monarch by the ROC government, and the imperial court remained at the Forbidden City. The [[Flag of the Qing Dynasty|Dragon Flag]] of the Qing Dynasty remained hoisted inside the Forbidden City, certain government organs such as the [[Imperial Household Department]], [[Imperial Clan Court]] and Ministry of Justice continued to exist within the palace walls, and the emperor continued to hold court, appoint officials and grant titles of nobility. Following the [[1924 Beijing Coup|Beijing coup]] in 1924, the [[warlord]] [[Feng Yuxiang]] unilaterally revised the agreement, abolishing Puyi's title of emperor, his right to live in the Forbidden City and other related arrangements.
** Unlike [[Hong Kong Island]], the [[Kowloon Peninsula]] and the [[New Territories]] that were added later constituted a pene-exclave of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] from 1860/1898 until 1997. Kowloon south of Boundary Street was ceded in perpetuity, whereas the New Territories was turned over under a 99-year lease.
** [[Kowloon Walled City]] was a counter-enclave belonging to China on the [[Kowloon Peninsula]] of Hong Kong from 1898 to 1993. The question of jurisdiction led to a hands-off approach by Chinese and British authorities over the years until the quality of life became intolerable. A mutual decision to demolish the 2.6 hectares of structures was announced in 1987 and completed in 1994.
** [[Guangzhouwan|Kwang-Chou-Wan]] was a pene-exclave of [[France]] on the south coast of China from 1898, upon its lease to France by Qing China, until its return by France in 1946; its territory included the islands in the bay and land on both banks of the Maxie River, covering 1300&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of land.
** Kwantung was a pene-exclave of [[Russian Dalian|Russia]] and later [[Kwantung Leased Territory|Japan]] in the southern part of the [[Liaodong Peninsula]] in [[Manchuria]] that existed from 1898 to 1945 and included the ports of [[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]] (or Ryojun) and [[Dalian|Dal'niy]] (or Dairen), the latter founded in 1899. It was leased to Russia from 1898 until 1905, when Japan replaced Russia as leaseholder. After World War II, the [[Soviet Union]] occupied the territory in 1945, jointly administering it with the Chinese before turning it over to the People's Republic of China in 1955.
** Jinzhou walled central city remained an enclave of Chinese territory within Kwantung under the lease with Russia. This provision was substantially ignored by Japan after it replaced Russia.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2013-10-04 |title=Enclave of Chinese territory in the Guandong: Jinzhou Castle Walled City (English translation) |url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ja&tl=en&u=http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/2917/china/kantosyu.html&usg=ALkJrhhcBe5mLZUksOTYeImTu8LcGt5qNA#kin}}</ref>
** [[Chinese Soviet Republic|Jiangxi]], officially the Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR), was an [[Diplomatic recognition|unrecognised]] [[proto-state]] within the territory of [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]'s [[Jiangsi|Jiangxi (Kiangsi) province]]. The state was proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by future [[Chinese Communist Party]] leaders and comprised [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|discontiguous]] territories that included 18 provinces and 4 counties under CSR control within areas controlled by the [[Nationalist government]].
** [[Macao]] was a pene-exclave of [[Portugal]] on the coast of the [[South China Sea]] from 1557 until 1999.
** [[Zhongshan Dao]] island in the [[Pearl River Delta]] was divided between [[China]] and [[Macao]] as a pair of pene-exclaves dating from ratification of the [[Treaty of Tientsin]] in 1862 through the 1999 return of Macao to China.
** [[Qingdao]], with an area of 552&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, was a pene-exclave of [[Germany]] (also known as the [[Kiautschou Bay concession]]), and later [[Japan]], from 1898 to 1922, adjacent to [[Jiaozhou Bay]] on the southern coast of the [[Shandong Peninsula]] in East China. The village of Qingdao became the German colony of Tsingtau. In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, the Republic of China canceled the lease with Germany. Japan then occupied the city and province until December 1922, when it reverted to Chinese rule.
** [[Shanghai]] was the location of British (from 1846) and American (from 1848) Concessions (later [[Shanghai International Settlement]] from 1863 to 1943) and the [[Shanghai French Concession]] from 1849 to 1946. Unlike the British sovereign colonies of [[Hong Kong Island]] and Wei-hai-wei, these [[Concession (territory)|foreign concessions]] always remained Chinese sovereign territory.
** [[Weihai|Wei-hai-wei]] was a pene-exclave of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] that bordered the [[Yellow Sea]] in eastern [[Shandong|Shantung]] province of China. The city was a British colony, known also as the Weihai Garrison and sometimes as Port Edward, from 1898 to 1 October 1930, when it was returned to China. Its current name is Weihai.
** Wei-hai-wei walled central city was excluded from the leased territory and remained an enclave of Chinese territory within Wei-hai-wei.<ref>{{cite web| access-date=2013-10-04 | url = http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ja&tl=en&u=http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/2917/china/weihaiwei.html&usg=ALkJrhi7d4qSkyuc4AssH8DnzsIoYXXttA#01 |title= Enclave of Chinese territory in the Weihaiwei: Weihaiwei Castle Walled City (English translation) }}</ref>
* [[Denmark]]:
** [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] was a [[Denmark|Danish]] exclave within [[Germany]] from 1640 to 1864.
* [[France]]:
**The island of [[Mont-Saint-Michel]] at the mouth of the [[Couesnon]] River prior to 1879 was a pene-exclave of [[Normandy]], but only during low tide, when it was connected by a tidal [[causeway]] to the neighbouring coast. The raised causeway that was then built was replaced with a light bridge opened in 2014, thus making Mont-Saint-Michel an island again.
**[[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]], a [[France|French]] territorial collectivity, was completely surrounded from 1763 until 1992 by the waters of Canada (what would otherwise today be considered Canada's [[territorial waters|contiguous zone]]), when an [[EEZ]] corridor 10.5 NM (19.4&nbsp;km) wide was created, stretching 200 NM (370&nbsp;km) to the south, terminating within and surrounded by Canada's EEZ.
* [[Germany]]
** [[East Prussia]] (1919–1939), a large [[Germany|German]] semi-exclave during the [[Weimar Republic]], was separated from Germany after [[World War I]], when [[Poland]] regained access to the [[Baltic Sea]] ([[Polish corridor]]). The territory of East Prussia (essentially the old [[Duchy of Prussia]]) is now divided into [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] in [[Russia]], the [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodship]] in [[Poland]], and [[Klaipėda County]] in [[Lithuania]].
** {{ill|Hemmeres|de}}, (1922–1949), surrounded by [[Belgium|Belgian]] territory, was the sixth and southernmost of the Vennbahn enclaves created in 1922; it contained five households.<ref name="EV" /> The railway suffered severe damage during World War II and was not rebuilt. It ceased being an enclave when [[Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War|Belgium annexed]] the entirety in 1949. Hemmeres was reintegrated into West Germany on 28 August 1958, by an agreement with Belgium.
** [[Jestetten]] is a German town in the district of [[Waldshut (district)|Waldshut]] in [[Baden-Württemberg]] that was inaccessible except by travelling through [[Switzerland]], until a connecting road was constructed.
** {{ill|Roetgener Wald|de|Lammersdorf}} was two enclaves from 1949 to 1958. Unlike its present configuration, the German enclave in 1922 was smaller in area because the central portion (between Grenzweg and a boundary with three turning points west of the Schleebach stream) was Belgian territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~225664~5506127:Belgium--The-Geographical-Institute?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No |access-date=2013-05-04 |title=The Times Atlas of the World. Belgium, Plate 61, V. III |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston London |first=John |last=Bartholomew |year=1955 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415140258/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~225664~5506127:Belgium--The-Geographical-Institute?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No |archive-date=2014-04-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Because the road connecting the two outer German portions (Highways 258/399) was German territory until 1949, the German land formed one enclave. The intersecting north–south road from Fringshaus to Konzen (now Highway B258, which has no connection to the Belgian road network<ref>{{cite web |url=http://borderhunting.blogspot.com/2007/07/vennbahn-bahnhof-konzenfringshaus.html |title=Vennbahn: Bahnhof Konzen/Fringshaus |date=6 July 2007 |access-date=2013-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228115620/http://borderhunting.blogspot.com/2007/07/vennbahn-bahnhof-konzenfringshaus.html |archive-date=2014-02-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>) was also part of the oddly shaped enclave. In 1949 [[Belgian annexation plans after the Second World War|Belgium annexed]] these roads, thus separating the enclave into two enclaves for the next nine years. In 1958 Belgium ceded the center section of territory to West Germany, in addition to returning the adjacent east–west connecting road.<ref name="IBS">{{cite web|url=http://fall.fsulawrc.com/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS007.pdf|title=International Boundary Study, Belgium-Germany Boundary|date=30 June 1961|author=U.S. Department of State|access-date=2017-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030731/http://fall.fsulawrc.com/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS007.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> This created one larger enclave in its present form. Highway B258 is the only portion of land that, once having been a part of the Roetgener Wald enclave, is now not within the enclave.
**[[Selfkant]]: Between 1963 and 2002, the N274 road between [[Roermond]] and [[Heerlen]], which was part of sovereign Dutch territory, passed through the German Selfkant, which had been annexed by the Netherlands in 1949. Selfkant, except for the road, was returned to Germany in 1963. Until the road was also returned to Germany in 2002, the western portion of Selfkant was an exclave of Germany.
** [[Verenahof]] was a German exclave within [[Switzerland]] until 1967, at which time its border became attached to Germany through a treaty implementing a land swap of a total of just under 1.06&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> in equal shares.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/i1/0.132.136.3.de.pdf|title=Contract between the Swiss Confederation and the Federal Republic of Germany|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050115035410/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/i1/0.132.136.3.de.pdf|archive-date=15 January 2005|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[West Berlin]], upon the division of Berlin after World War II and before the reunification of [[Germany]] in 1990, was ''de facto'' a [[West Germany|West German]] exclave within [[East Germany]]. Twelve small West Berlin land areas, such as [[Steinstücken]], were in turn separated from the main body of West Berlin, some by only a few metres. In addition, there were several small areas of East Berlin that were surrounded by West Berlin. All of Berlin was ruled "de jure" by the four Allied powers; this meant that West Berlin could not send voting members to the German Parliament and that its citizens were exempt from conscription. [[West Berlin#Exclaves|West Berlin]] exclaves were:
*** {{ill|Böttcherberg|de}} (N) (1949–1971) ''to East Germany''
*** Böttcherberg (SE) (1949–1971) ''to East Germany''
*** Böttcherberg (SW) (1949–1971) ''to East Germany''
*** {{ill|Erlengrund|de|Erlengrund (Berlin)}} (1949–1988) ''land connection to West Berlin established''
*** [[Falkensee|Falkenhagener Wiese]] (1949–1971) ''to East Germany''
*** {{ill|Fichtewiese|de}} (1949–1988) ''land connection to West Berlin established''
*** [[Spandau|Finkenkrug]] (1949–1971) inhabited, ''to East Germany''
*** [[Spandau|Große Kuhlake]] (1949–1971) ''to East Germany''
*** [[Schönwalde-Glien|Laßzins-Wiesen]] (1949–1988) ''to East Germany''
*** {{ill|Nuthewiesen|de}} (1949–1971) ''to East Germany''
*** [[Steinstücken]] (1949–1971) inhabited, ''land connection to West Berlin established''
*** {{ill|Wüste Mark|de}} (1949–1988) ''to East Germany''
**[[East Berlin]] exclaves:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://berlin.enclaves.org/|title=Berlin Exclaves|access-date=2013-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429073012/http://berlin.enclaves.org/|archive-date=2013-04-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** {{ill|Eiskeller|de}} (E) (1949–1990) ''dis-enclaved at re-unification''
*** Eiskeller (N) (1949–1990) ''dis-enclaved at re-unification''
*** Eiskeller (S) (1949–1990) ''dis-enclaved at re-unification''
*** [[Staaken|West-Staaken]] – ''de jure'' part of Soviet sector but ''de facto'' administered by [[Spandau| Spandau Borough]] in the British sector; seized by East Germany in 1951 and made an exclave of East Berlin's [[Mitte (locality)|Borough of Mitte]], which it remained officially until being incorporated in 1961 by the neighbouring town of [[Falkensee]] in non-Berlin East Germany.
* [[Greece]]:
** [[Despotate of the Morea]] on the [[Peloponnesos]] peninsula of present-day [[Greece]] was a geographically detached province of the [[Byzantine Empire]] from 1349 to 1460; during much of that time, in addition to the [[Mediterranean Sea]], it was surrounded by "states under Latin rule."
** During the [[occupation of Smyrna]] after [[World War I]], [[İzmir]] (known as Smyrna in Greek) and its region were Greek exclaves, not connected to mainland Greece by land.
* [[Hungary]]:
** Between 1412 and 1772, [[Spiš Castle]] in [[Spišské Podhradie]], has been an exclave of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], surrounded by the [[Eldership of Spisz]].
*[[India]]:
** [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] were enclaves inland from the Arabian Sea coast covering an area of 487&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. After invasion by pro-Indian Union forces in 1954, they achieved ''de facto'' independence from [[Portugal]]. They and three Portuguese pene-exclaves, the city of [[Goa]] and the two small coastal exclaves of [[Daman and Diu]], were the last remnants of [[Portuguese India]], which existed from 1505 until [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|military conquest]] by India on 19 December 1961. (A 1956 map also shows a counter-enclave within Nagar Haveli belonging to [[Mumbai|Bombay]], approximately corresponding to the village of [[Maghval]] – this village was not ceded to Portugal because of its inhabitants' caste's sacrosanctity).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/2917/india/meghval.html|title=メグバル|last=yoshida|website=www.geocities.co.jp|access-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010080634/http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/2917/india/meghval.html|archive-date=2018-10-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[French India]] – Pondicherry and the other exclaves of Karaikal, Mahé and Yanaon were absorbed into India ''de facto'' in 1954 and ''de jure'' in 1962 after the Algerian War. In 1761 the British captured all of them from the French (and also [[Chandannagar]]), but the Treaty of Paris (1763) returned them to France. Those possessions passed again to British control before finally being handed over to the French in 1816/1817 under the 1814 Treaty of Paris. Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahé and Yanaon came to be administered as the [[Union Territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in 1963. All four are now sub-national ex(en)claves within India.
*** [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] was the site of a trading center set up by the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]] in 1674, which eventually became the chief French settlement in India, after passing several times between Dutch, British and French control. It comprised 12 non-contiguous parts: three pene-exclaves on the [[Bay of Bengal]] and nine nearby true enclaves. Inside the main Pondicherry exclave was a small counter-enclave belonging to India straddling the [[Sankaraparani River|Chunnambar River]].
*** [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] (or Mayyazhi), a small (9&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) town, was a pene-exclave on the [[Malabar Coast]] of the [[Arabian Sea]] from 1721. Mahé was composed of three non-contiguous parts, including Mahé town and two true enclaves: [[Cherukallayi]] and one consisting of [[Palloor]], [[Chalakkara]] and [[Pandakkal]].
*** [[Yanaon]] (or Yanam), a 30&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> pene-exclave in the delta of [[Godavari River]], nine kilometres from the [[Coromandel Coast]] and Bay of Bengal. It was a Dutch colony before France overtook it in 1723 and made it a French colony.
*** [[Karaikal]] was a small coastal pene-exclave on the Bay of Bengal acquired by France in 1739 from the regime of [[Raja Pratap Singh]] of [[Tanjore]]. By 1760 it included 81 villages around Karaikal town.
*** [[Chandannagar]] was a small true enclave established as a French colony in 1673, located on the right bank of the [[Hooghly River]] 30 kilometres north of [[Kolkata]]. Bengal was then a province of the [[Mughal Empire]]. The British returned the city to France in 1816, along with a 7.8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> nearby enclave. In May 1950, with French approval, India assumed ''de facto'' control, with the ''de jure'' transfer in June 1952. In 1955 it was integrated into West Bengal state.
*** [[Trincomalee]] was in present-day [[Sri Lanka]] (then a part of India) located on the Indian Ocean east coast of the island. By September 1782 it was occupied by the French after the [[Battle of Trincomalee]] with the British, only to be ceded back to the British in 1783.
*[[Israel]]:
** [[Mount Scopus]] (in [[Jerusalem]]) was an Israeli exclave in [[Jordan]] between 1948 and 1967, before being reunited with West Jerusalem following the [[Six-Day War]]. Similarly, [[Ein Gev]], located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, was a pene-exclave in Syria until Israel took over the Golan Heights territory, again during the Six-Day War.
[[File:Italian_States_in_1789.png|thumb|225px|right|Italy in 1789 before the French Revolutionary Wars]]
*[[Italy]]:
**In Italy in 1789 before the French Revolutionary Wars, the following states possessed or were true enclaves:
*** [[Tarasp|Lordship of Tarasp]] was surrounded by the [[Three Leagues|Free States of the Three Leagues]].
*** An exclave of the [[Republic of Geneva]] (1541–1798) was surrounded by the [[Duchy of Savoy]].
*** [[Torriglia|Principality of Torriglia]] (1760–1797) was surrounded by the [[Republic of Genoa]].
*** [[Republic of Senarica]] (1343–1797) was surrounded by the [[Kingdom of Naples]].
*[[Latvia]]:
**The former [[Rauna Municipality]] was composed of [[Drusti parish]] and [[Rauna parish]], which are non-contiguous. In 2021 Rauna Municipality was merged into [[Smiltene Municipality]].
*[[Lithuania]]:
** Pogiriai (Pogiry) was a [[Lithuania]]n exclave of 1.7&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> that was ceded to [[Belarus]] in 1996.
*[[Oman]]:
** [[Gwadar]] was an [[Oman]]i pene-exclave on the Arabian Sea coast of present-day [[Pakistan]] from 1784 until 1958.
* [[Pakistan]]:
** [[East Pakistan]] (1947–1971), was a pene-exclave of [[Pakistan]] (if one considers [[West Pakistan]], site of the capital, [[Islamabad]], as the mainland) that bordered the [[Bay of Bengal]], [[India]] and [[Burma]]. East Pakistan, with a distance of 1,600&nbsp;km separating it from West Pakistan, accounted for 70% of the country's exports and was more populous than West Pakistan.
*[[Panama]]:
** [[Colón, Panama|Colón]], an exclave of [[Panama]] from 1903 to July 27, 1939, was surrounded by the U.S. [[Panama Canal Zone]], until a treaty provision connected it to the main part of Panama via a corridor.<ref name="EV"/>
** [[Panama City]] and the tip of [[Paitilla Point]] from 1903 to February 11, 1915, were pene-enclaves surrounded by the U.S. [[Panama Canal Zone]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Maps of the Canal Zone dated before 1923 clearly show these borders.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~37679~1210681:West-India-Islands-and-Central-Amer?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%272763.063%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm |year=1912 |page=58 |publisher=W. & A.K. Johnston, Limited, Edinburgh & London |title=The Royal Atlas Of Modern Geography Exhibiting, In A Series Of Entirely Original And Authentic Maps, The Present Condition Of Geographical Discovery And Research In The Several Countries, Empires, And States Of The World By The Late Alexander Keith Johnston ... With Additions And Corrections To The Present Date ... With A Special Index To Each Map. A New Edition. |first=T.B. |last=Johnston |access-date=2013-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723075150/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~37679~1210681:West-India-Islands-and-Central-Amer?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%272763.063%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm |archive-date=2015-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~36976~1200705:Profile-of--Panama--Canal--Copyrigh?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%273490.006%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm |year=1914 |title=Atlas Of The Mexican Conflict Containing Detailed Maps Showing the Territory Involved, Pertinent Statistics of Mexico and the United States, Summary of Recent Events in Mexico |publisher=Rand McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago - New York, U.S.A. |page=11 |access-date=2013-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723080258/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~36976~1200705:Profile-of--Panama--Canal--Copyrigh?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%273490.006%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm |archive-date=2015-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34037~1170445:Colombia,-Ecuador-and-Peru,-also-Pa?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%270947.001%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm |title=London atlas series. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, also Panama. (with Panama Canal Zone). (with) Galapagos Islands, Colon |publisher=Edward Stanford, Ltd. Stanford's Geographical Establishment, Long Acre, W.C. London |pages=12–14 |year=1922 |access-date=2013-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723075247/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34037~1170445:Colombia,-Ecuador-and-Peru,-also-Pa?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%270947.001%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm |archive-date=2015-07-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~3148~460090:The-West-Indies---with--Panama-Cana?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%272113.112%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm|title=Times survey atlas of the world. The West Indies. (with) Panama Canal. (with) Kingston. (with) Havana. (with) Jamaica. (with) Porto Rico. (with) Trinidad.|publisher=The Edinburgh Geographical Institute, John Bartholomew & Co., London|year=1922|access-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723081110/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~3148~460090:The-West-Indies---with--Panama-Cana?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%272113.112%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm|archive-date=2015-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Maps dated 1924 and later show a changed border that re-connected Panama City with eastern Panama.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~201869~3000740:Commercial-Atlas-of-America--Rand-M?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%275028.181%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm|title=Rand McNally & Co.'s Commercial Atlas Of America. Fifty-Fifth Edition|publisher=Rand McNally & Company, Chicago, U.S.A.|year=1924|pages=592–593|access-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723081121/http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~201869~3000740:Commercial-Atlas-of-America--Rand-M?showTip=false&showTipAdvancedSearch=false&title=Search+Results%3A+List_no+equal+to+%275028.181%27&thumbnailViewUrlKey=link.view.search.url&helpUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAbout_Luna_and_Insight.htm&fullTextSearchChecked=&advancedSearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lunaimaging.com%2Fsupport%2F6_0%2FLUNA%2Fen%2FAdvanced_Search.htm|archive-date=2015-07-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
** When Madden Road was ceded to the U.S. by treaty on July 27, 1939, a [[Vennbahn]]-type Panamanian enclave was created that was bounded by Madden Road, the main Canal Zone boundary, and a contour line above [[Rio Chagres]] and [[Rio Chilibre]]. Another treaty that took effect on April 11, 1955, de-enclaved it.
** Panama had a water enclave in Limon Bay from 1979 to December 31, 1999. It also had jurisdiction over one building within the U.S. Summit Naval Station from October 1991 until the transfer of the station to Panama on December 31, 1999.<ref name=WHO />
*[[Papal States]]:
** [[Comtat Venaissin]] was an exclave of [[Papal States|Papal]] territory within [[France]] from 1348 to 1791. It contained an enclave of another Papal territory, the city of [[Avignon]], and had a small exclave around the nearby town of [[Valréas]].
** [[Pontecorvo]] and [[Benevento]] were exclaves of Papal territory in Southern Italy until 1860 when they were absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy
[[File:Pommerania and surrounding territories 1618.png|thumb|200px|The territory of [[Pomerania-Stettin|Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin]] in 1618, consisting of four exclaves.]]
* [[Poland]]:
** In the 1280s, the [[Duchy of Pomerania]] lost the town of [[Świdwin]], together with the surrounding area, to the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]]. It became a [[Salient (geography)|salient]] of [[Neumark]] which, together with the [[Bishopric of Cammin]], separated the southeastern portion of the state from the rest of its territories. Since 1317, it controlled the [[Lands of Schlawe and Stolp]], which were separated from the rest of its territory by the Bishopric of Cammin.
** From between 1227 and 1233, to between 1248 and 1264, the area around the town of [[Świecie]] was an exclave of the [[Duchy of Gdańsk]].
**The [[Province of 13 Spisz Towns]] located within the [[Eldership of Spisz]], the territory of [[United Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] from 1412 to 1569 and [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] from 1569 to 1772 consisted of [[Salient (geography)|salient]] connected to the rest of the Kingdom of Poland and 5 [[Enclave and exclave|exclaves]].
** Between 1772 and 1793, the city of [[Gdańsk]], together with the surrounding area, were an exclave of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], surrounded by the territory of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]].
** [[Westerplatte]] peninsula was a pene-exclave of [[Poland]] in [[Free City of Danzig]] from 1920 to 1939, ended its existence after the [[Battle of Westerplatte]] and [[Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany|annexation]] to [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] together with the Polish coast. 
** The [[Enclave of Police]] was an enclave within [[Provisional Government of National Unity|Poland]] from 5 October 1945 to 25 September 1946 centered around the town of [[Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|Police]]. It was a military occupation of the [[Soviet Union]], administered as part of the [[Randow District]], [[Soviet occupation zone in Germany]], though legally not part of its territory.<ref>''Encyklopedia Szczecina''. vol. 1, A-O. Szczecin: University of Szczecin, 1999, p. 229, 307. ISBN 83-87341-45-2.</ref><ref name=r3>Willi Neuhoff: ''Erich Spiegel – 1945 erster Nachkriegsbürgermeister in Stettin''. In: ''Stettiner Bürgerbrief''. no. 24, 1998, ISSN 1619-6201, pp. 60–63. (in German)</ref><ref>Jan Matura: ''Historia Polic od czasów najstarszego osadnictwa do II wojny światowej''. vol. 2. Police: Urząd Gminy w Policach, 2002, p. 153–154. ISBN 83-914853-5-8.</ref>
* [[Portugal]]:
** [[Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá#São João Baptista de Ajudá|Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá]] was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] exclave (initially around 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> in the area and reduced to only 2 ha by 1961) within Dahomey/[[Benin]] from 1680 until 1961 (''de facto'' annexation by Dahomey) or 1975 (Portuguese recognition).
* [[Slovakia]]: Part of the settlement Sidónia was once reached by road only from [[Czech Republic|Czechia]]. After the dissolution of [[Czechoslovakia]] at the end of 1992, the new state border was originally along the Vlárka River. Several houses in the central part of the village, inhabited by nine families, stand on the left bank, which fell to Slovakia. On 25 July 1997, the Czech-Slovak state border was modified and the small area on the left bank with a few houses in the centre of Sidónia became part of Czechia (exchanged for the settlement of U Sabotů). The state border has also been drawn since then along the centre of the road from the Vlárský Pass.
* [[Spain]]:
** [[Ifni]] was a pene-exclave of [[Spain]] on the Atlantic coast of [[Morocco]] from 1859 to 1969.
* [[South Africa]]:
** [[Bophuthatswana]] was a [[bantustan]] or "black homeland" that was granted nominal independence by [[apartheid]] [[South Africa]] from 1977 until being re-absorbed in April 1994, but it remained unrecognised internationally. It consisted of a scattered patchwork of individual enclaves, six that were true enclaves within South Africa and two that bordered Botswana and South Africa.
* [[Yemen]]:
** [[Cheikh Saïd]] is a rocky peninsula in present-day [[Yemen]] between the [[Gulf of Aden]] and the [[Red Sea]]. Although as late as 1970, the [[Petit Larousse]] described it as having been a "French colony from 1868 to 1936," France never claimed formal jurisdiction or sovereignty over it.
* The southern section of the Emirate of [[Ras al-Khaimah]] was a national-level exclave surrounded by other emirates of the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] and [[Oman]] for three months after UAE independence in 1971 until it joined the UAE in 1972.
* Between 1991 and 2003, [[Russia]] had three tiny pene-exclaves on tips of the lakeshore that bordered the [[Lithuania]]n side of [[Lake Vištytis]]. Before a new border treaty went into force on 12 August 2003, the border ran along most of the waterline of the beaches on the Lithuanian side, so anyone paddling in the water was technically crossing into Russia.
* [[Schirgiswalde]] – In accordance with terms of the 1635 [[Peace Treaty of Prague]], [[Austria]] transferred land (Ober- and Niederlausitz) to [[Saxony]]. However, because of religious affiliation with Austria, Schirgiswalde and five other towns (Güntersdorf, Gerlachsheim, Winkel, Taubentränke and Neuleutersdorf) within the transferred land remained with Austria, becoming Austrian enclaves within Saxony. 174 years later, to address problems as states began to consolidate, the 1809 [[Peace Treaty of Vienna]] mandated the transfer of these six enclaves from Austria to Saxony. However, the transfer did not occur until 1845 because of the need to correct mistakes in the names of the villages stated in the treaty and subsequent neglect. During that time, Schirgiswalde was ''de facto'' independent until economic reasons compelled the final transfer of the enclaves, thus extinguishing them.<ref name="EV"/>
* [[Sikkim]] – Dopta and Chumbi were exclaves of [[Sikkim]] within [[Tibet]] until China occupied them in 1958.
* [[Sweden]] – The [[Peace of Westphalia]] in 1648 granted certain possessions of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] to the [[Swedish Empire]] (extant 1611–1721) to be held as [[Dominions of Sweden|fief]]s of the Holy Roman Empire:
:* [[Bremen-Verden]] – [[List of states in the Holy Roman Empire|states]] of the Holy Roman Empire bordering the North Sea; in "personal union with Sweden" until 1712, when they fell under Danish occupation in wartime.
:* [[Swedish Pomerania]] – a state on the Baltic coast in present-day Germany and Poland; a small part was ceded to Prussia following war in 1720 and the entirety in 1815 during the [[Congress of Vienna]].
:* town of [[Wismar]] – town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea; transferred to Germany in 1903 when Sweden renounced its claim.
[[File:Bantustans in South Africa.svg|thumb|225px|right|Map of the heavily partitioned black homelands in South Africa at the end of apartheid in 1994]]
* [[Syria]] was a pene-exclave of the [[United Arab Republic]] from 1958 to 1961 (if one considers [[Egypt]] as the UAR main land), bordering the [[Mediterranean Sea]], Turkey, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan.
* [[Transkei]] was a [[bantustan]] or "black homeland" that was granted nominal independence by [[apartheid]] [[South Africa]] from 1976 until being re-absorbed in April 1994, but it remained unrecognised internationally. It had two exclaves within South Africa that were true enclaves.
* [[Taebong]] and [[Goryeo]] – The southwest coast of [[South Jeolla Province]] in Korea was an exclave of [[Taebong]] or [[Goryeo]], between 903 and 936.
* [[Turkey]] – 
:* The tomb of [[Tomb of Suleyman Shah|Suleyman Shah]] (''b''. ca. 1178–''d''. 1236) was located in or near [[Qal'at Ja'bar]] in modern-day [[Syria]]; in accordance with the 1921 [[Treaty of Ankara (1921)|Treaty of Ankara]], the tomb "shall remain, with its appurtenances, the property of Turkey, who may appoint guardians for it and may hoist the Turkish flag there." The treaty is silent regarding sovereignty of the 6.3 hectares of land where the tomb rests. The tomb was relocated in 1973 prior to the creation of [[Lake Assad]].
:* [[Ada Kaleh]] – Prior to the creation of modern Turkey, the [[Ottoman Empire]] ''de jure'' held a small island in the Danube River surrounded by the waters of Romania (which ''de facto'' controlled the island), from the Berlin Treaty of 1878 until 1923 when, under the Treaty of Lausanne, Romania obtained formal sovereignty over it. It was submerged in 1970 by the construction of a hydroelectric plant, displacing up to 1000 residents.
* [[United Kingdom]] –
:* Following the establishment of the [[Irish Free State]], three deep water '''Treaty Ports''' at [[Castletownbere|Berehaven]], Queenstown (modern [[Cobh]]) and [[Lough Swilly]] were retained by the [[United Kingdom]] in accordance with the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] of 6 December 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/anglo_irish/dfaexhib2.html|title=Documents on Irish Foreign Policy Series: Anglo-Irish Treaty: Text of.|website=www.nationalarchives.ie|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108213900/http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/anglo_irish/dfaexhib2.html|archive-date=8 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> As part of the settlement of the [[Anglo-Irish Trade War]] in the 1930s, the ports were transferred to [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] (the Free State's successor) in 1938 following agreements reached between the British and Irish Governments.
:* In 1625, [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] instituted the [[List of extant baronetcies#Baronetage of Nova Scotia (1625–1706)|Order of the Baronets of Nova Scotia]] in an effort to colonize New Scotland, by offering the hereditary title, land ownership and power over new baronetcies in exchange for financing and materially supporting new settlements. Under Scots Law, Baronets "[[seisin|took seisin]]" by receiving symbolic "earth and stone" on the actual land, which was the feudal legal form of taking possession. However, to avoid a trans-Atlantic trip (and thus encourage applicants), the royal charter stated that "the realm of Nova Scotia, and original infeftment thereof, is holden of the kingdom of Scotland, and forms part of the County of Edinburgh." By royal decree, land in the courtyard at [[Edinburgh Castle]] was declared to be an integral part of Nova Scotia; thus, seisin at the castle was equivalent to seisin on the lands themselves.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Earl of Stirling's Register of Royal Letters, Relative to the Affairs of Scotland and Nova Scotia from 1615 to 1635| volume=1|page=xxi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beA7AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Edinburgh+castle%22&pg=PR26 |last1=Rogers |first1=Charles |editor-last=Rogers |editor-first=Charles |publisher=Burness & Company|year=1885|quote=The lands included in the baronies of New Scotland were resigned by Sir William Alexander into the hands of the king [Charles I], who re-granted them to the knights baronets. Thus the lands and titles were obtained directly from the sovereign. Infeftment, it was ruled, should be "expede" at the Castle of Edinburgh.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/pageturner.cfm?id=95005994&mode=transcription|editor-first=William|editor-last=Turnbull|title=The Stirling Peerage. Trial of Alexander Humphrys or Alexander, Styling Himself Earl of Stirling|pages=1–2|publisher=William Blackwood and Sons|year=1839|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|quote=Before this charter was ratified by the Scots Parliament, his Majesty [James VI] died; when, in 1625, the grant was renewed by his successor [Charles I] in form of a Charter of Novodamus, proceeding upon the above narrative, and conceding, over and above, additional powers to Sir William Alexander. These charters are in the usual form of feudal conveyances employed by the law of Scotland, but erecting Nova Scotia into a Barony, and declaring sasine at the castle of Edinburgh to be equivalent to sasine on the lands themselves.|access-date=2016-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403213043/http://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/pageturner.cfm?id=95005994&mode=transcription|archive-date=2016-04-03|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Scottish Journal of Topography, Antiquities, Traditions, &c. &c.|volume=I |number=8|publisher=Thomas George Stevenson |location=Edinburgh, Scotland|date=October 23, 1847|title=Origin of the Baronetage of Scotland and Nova Scotia|page=115|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQsIAAAAQAAJ&q=%22Nova+Scotia%22+Scotland+seisin&pg=PA115 |quote=As such like parties were not baronets of the colonising kind, and yet were desirous, no doubt, to take seisin of their purchased grants in Nova Scotia, old Sir William, always provident, had his remedy prepared. He had had it laid down in the formula of the charter, that "the realm of Nova Scotia, and original infeftment thereof, is holden of the kingdom of Scotland, and forms part of the County of Edinburgh." Argal, to take seisin and instruments of possession "on the Castle Hill of Edinburgh," formed a cure for every difficulty, and served the desired purpose as well as if the baronets had indulged in a trip to the actual site of their new possessions.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Genealogical Magazine|volume=1|date=January 1898|publisher=Elliot Stock|location=London, U.K.|page=523|title=The Baronetage and the New Committee|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JQxBAQAAMAAJ&q=%22baronet+of+Nova+Scotia%22+infeftment&pg=PA523 |quote=The precept for the charter for each Baronet was granted in the name of Sir William Alexander, who surrendered to the Crown the respective portions of his Lordship of Nova Scotia to be attached to the Baronetcy with all rights of regality. The Baronets were allowed to take possession of their territory by deed of infeftment within the walls of Edinburgh Castle.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-first=David|editor-last=Laing|publisher=G. Robb|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|year=1867|url=https://archive.org/details/royalletterscha00sovegoog |title=Royal Letters, Charters, and Tracts, Relating to the Colonization of New Scotland, and the Institution of the Order of Knight Baronets of Nova Scotia. 1621–1638|page=[https://archive.org/details/royalletterscha00sovegoog/page/n144 126]|quote=Had it been exacted ... that each Baronet, with a stated number of colonists, should take personal possession, it is certain the number of applicants would have been scanty indeed. To obviate this difficulty it was held, by a fiction of the law, that the usual legal form of taking possession by an instrument of seisin, or infeftment of lands on the other side of the Atlantic, should take place within the Castle of Edinburgh.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Nova Scotia, The Royal Charter of 1621 to Sir William Alexander (address)|first=Alexander|last=Fraser|journal=Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute|volume=XIV|number=1|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|year=1922|pages=14–15, 45|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20110202|quote=For the purpose of taking possession of his lands after the feudal fashion then prevailing, Nova Scotia was made a part of the county of Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh Castle the ceremony of Sasine was performed. ... [excerpt of 1621 charter:] And we will, and grant, and, for ourselves and our successors, do decree and ordain, that one seisin, at this time, by the said Sir William, and his aforesaid, upon any part of the soil of the said lands and province above written, shall, in all time to come, stand, and be a sufficient seisin for the whole region, ...|access-date=2018-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073335/https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20110202|archive-date=2018-04-08|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=John A.|last1=Cooper|first2=J. Gordan|last2=Mowat|title=Canada and Edinburgh Castle|journal=The Canadian Magazine|volume=25|number=5|date=September 1905|publisher=Ontario Publishing Company, Limited|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|page=480|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aj4PAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Nova+Scotia%22+%22Edinburgh+Castle%22&pg=PA480 |quote=The colony was named New Scotland, and by a legal fiction, it was, for administrative purposes, connected with Edinburgh. In order to raise men to help found the colony, the King instituted the Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia. This hereditary title was given to gentlemen who arranged to send a certain number of men and to pay a certain amount of money to help to found the Plantation of New Scotland, .... The Order was instituted in 1625, the ceremony being held in the courtyard of Edinburgh Castle. By Royal Decree that place was declared to be an integral part of the new colony. This decree has never been annulled.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=McGrail|first=Thomas H.|year=1940|title=Sir William Alexander, First Earl of Stirling: A biographical study|publisher=Oliver & Boyd|page=91|quote=To make this possible, since Nova Scotia was so distant, the King declared that sasine could be taken either in the new province or alternatively 'at the castle of Edinburgh as the most eminent and principal place of Scotland.'}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|publisher=Fifty Plus Outreach Association|location=St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada|date=November 1993|volume=1|title=Founding of New Scotland (Nova Scotia)|url=http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/heritage/FSCNS/Scots_NS/New_Scotland/Scotland_New_Scotland_Menstrie.html|journal=Fifty Plus|last=MacKay|first=Janet|quote=Under Scots Law, Baronets "take sasine" by receiving symbolic "earth and stone" on the actual land. Part of Edinburgh Castle was deemed granted to Sir William as part of Nova Scotia. The Baronets were installed with "earth and stone" there while standing in Nova Scotia.|access-date=2016-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330052526/http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Heritage/FSCNS/Scots_NS/New_Scotland/Scotland_New_Scotland_Menstrie.html|archive-date=2016-03-30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Baronets of Nova Scotia|first=Marie|last=Fraser|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/canada/fraser/baronets_novascotia.htm|access-date=2016-03-13|quote=Baronets could receive their patents in Edinburgh rather than London, and an area of Edinburgh Castle was declared Nova Scotian territory for this purpose.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426044917/http://www.electricscotland.com/canada/fraser/baronets_novascotia.htm|archive-date=2012-04-26|url-status=live}}</ref> The ceremony of seisin was performed in the following years for 64 of the original Baronets. This decree has never been annulled, which fuels a belief that this enclave still exists as a tiny enclave of Canada within the grounds of the famous Scottish castle.
* [[United States]] –
:* Horseshoe Reef (1850–1908) in [[Lake Erie]] consisted of underwater ledges of sunken rock near [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], New York. Great Britain ceded a fraction of an acre of underwater land that was entirely surrounded by [[Canada|Canadian]] waters to the United States to construct a lighthouse.<ref name="Boggs"/> A 1908 treaty mandated a new survey in order to shift the boundary to include the reef in U.S. waters.
:* The Captain Cook Monument at [[Kealakekua Bay]] and about {{convert|25|sqft|m2}} of land around it in [[Hawaii (island)|Hawaii]], [[United States of America|United States]], the place where [[James Cook]] was killed in 1779, is owned by the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[[Tony Horwitz|Horwitz, Tony]]. Oct. 2003, ''Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before'', Bloomsbury, {{ISBN|0-7475-6455-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=((Clayton, Lt RCN)) |last=Erickson |title=Captain Cook Monument at Kealakekua Cleaned and Repaired |work=Cook's Log |page=38 |volume=35 |number=4 |year=2012 |url=http://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/articleid/1041/captain-cook-monument-at-kealakekua-cleaned-and-repaired |access-date=2013-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053312/http://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/articleid/1041/captain-cook-monument-at-kealakekua-cleaned-and-repaired |archive-date=2013-09-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian Crew Cleans Cook Monument |url=http://westhawaiitoday.com/sections/news/local-features/canadian-crew-cleans-cook-monument.html |date=30 August 2012 |access-date=2013-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053652/http://westhawaiitoday.com/sections/news/local-features/canadian-crew-cleans-cook-monument.html |archive-date=2013-09-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1524554/Dont-mention-the-murder-how-Hawaii-forgot-Capt-Cook.html |date=22 Jul 2006 |title=Don't mention the murder – how Hawaii forgot Capt. Cook |last=Harris |first=Francis |access-date=2013-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921085605/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1524554/Dont-mention-the-murder-how-Hawaii-forgot-Capt-Cook.html |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>  An historian on the occasion of the 50th anniversary recorded in 1928 that the white stone "obelisk monument [was] erected to the memory of Captain Cook, about 1876, and on land deeded outright to the British Government by [[Princess Likelike]], sister of [[King Kalakaua]], about the same year, so that that square is absolute British Territory."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/WHQ/article/download/7562/6598|title=How Hawaii Honored Captain Cook, R.N., in 1928|first=Albert P.|last=Taylor|page=29|access-date=2013-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053338/http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/WHQ/article/download/7562/6598|archive-date=2013-09-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Hawaii was a sovereign nation at the time. According to a recent writer, "The land under the monument was deeded to the United Kingdom in 1877 and is considered as sovereign non-embassy land owned by the British Embassy in Washington DC. ... the [[Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources|Hawaiian State Parks]] agency maintained that as sovereign British territory it was the responsibility of the UK to maintain the site."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nauticapedia.ca/Articles/Cook_Memorial.php|title=The Captain Cook Memorial at Kealakakua Bay Hawaii|first=John M.|last=MacFarlane|year=2012|access-date=2013-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625110735/http://www.nauticapedia.ca/Articles/Cook_Memorial.php|archive-date=2013-06-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
:* [[Lake of the Woods]] – the American border with present-day [[Canada]] as defined under the 1783 [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] and the [[Anglo-American Convention of 1818]] inadvertently created two small maritime exclaves of the U.S. in [[Angle Inlet]]. The border depended on determining the northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods. Johann Tiarks' survey in 1825 placed its location at the edge of a pond on the Angle Inlet.<ref>{{cite book |author=William E. Lass |title=Minnesota's Boundary with Canada: Its Evolution Since 1783 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXAu-xA3y3gC&q=tiarks+northwestern+point+thompson&pg=PA72 |page=48 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-87351-153-7 |access-date=15 August 2011}}</ref>  (A 1940 academic study documented the location of Tiarks' point, which is in the immediate vicinity of {{coord|49|23|51.324|N|95|9|12.20783|W}} ([[NAD83]]).<ref name="Boggs">{{cite book |last=Boggs |first=Samuel Whittemore |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1940 |pages=48–49 |access-date=2013-04-27 |title=International Boundaries: A Study of Boundary Functions and Problems |isbn=9780404009199 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REEOAQAAIAAJ&q=northwesternmost |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101123021/http://books.google.com/books?id=REEOAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22columbia+university+press%22+%22boundaries+in+lakes%22&q=northwesternmost |archive-date=2014-01-01 |url-status=live }}</ref>) In accordance with the 1818 treaty, the border ran south from this point to the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]]. However, this line was "intersected at five points by the winding course of the boundary in the channel of the Northwest Angle Inlet; thus there were anomalously left two small areas of waters totaling two and a half acres belonging to the United States, yet entirely surrounded by Canadian waters."<ref name="Boggs"/>  They were centered at {{coord|49|23|10.7514|N|95|09|10.8|W}} and {{coord|49|23|17.5914|N|95|09|11.6994|W}}. By treaty in 1925, the southernmost of these five intersecting points, 4785 ft. farther south than Tiarks' point, was adopted instead, which eliminated these exclaves.<ref name="Boggs"/>
:* [[Panama Canal Zone]], surrounded by [[Panama]], the [[Caribbean Sea]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]], was an American pene-exclave from 1903 to 1 October 1979, when the entity was extinguished by treaty with Panama. After that date, the former Canal Zone land remaining under U.S. sovereignty, greatly reduced in area, was a pene-exclave until 31 December 1999, when total transfer to Panama was complete.
:* At ''El Cerro de Doscientos Pies'' ("200-Foot Hill"), 3.19 hectares of land in Panama near Las Minas Bay were annexed by the U.S. on 24 September 1928 and added to the Canal Zone.<ref>{{cite book| title=The United States and the Republic of Panama (2nd printing) |first=William D. |last=McCain| location= New York |publisher=Russell & Russell |year=1965 |pages=144–159}}</ref><ref>{{cite map|title=Panama Canal Zone and Vicinity Showing Judicial Districts|publisher=United States Army|location=National Archives, College Park, Maryland|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6861831?q=map%2520panama%2520canal|date=1927|access-date=2016-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011034402/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6861831?q=map%20panama%20canal|archive-date=2016-10-11|url-status=live}} (with hand-drawn features dated 1932)</ref>  This true enclave apparently existed until 1 October 1979.
:* On 1 October 1979, the day the [[Panama Canal Treaty]] of 1977 took effect, most of the land within the former Canal Zone transferred to Panama. However, the treaty set aside many Canal Zone areas and facilities for transfer during the following 20 years. The treaty specifically categorized areas and facilities by name as "Military Areas of Coordination", "Defense Sites" and "Areas Subject to Separate Bilateral Agreement". These were to be transferred by the U.S. to Panama during certain time windows or simply by the end of the 243-month treaty period. On 1 October 1979, among the many such parcels so designated in the treaty, 35 emerged as true enclaves (surrounded entirely by land solely under Panamanian jurisdiction). In later years as other areas were turned over to Panama, nine more true enclaves emerged. Of these [[Panama Canal Zone#Implementation of Panama Canal Treaty|44 true enclaves]], 14 were related to military logistics, 7 were military communications sites, 5 Federal Aviation Administration facilities,<ref>{{citation|work=U.S. Department of State internal message|author=((American Embassy, Panama))|title=Treaty negotiations: lands and waters use requirement for other USG agencies: II Federal Aviation Administration|date=March 1976|url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=205638&dt=2082&dl=1345|access-date=2017-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511081713/https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=205638&dt=2082&dl=1345|archive-date=2018-05-11|url-status=live}}</ref> 5 military housing enclaves, 3 military base areas, 2 military research facilities, 2 parts of a bombing range, 4 secondary school parcels, 1 elementary school, and 1 hospital. At least 13 other parcels each were enclosed partly by land under the absolute jurisdiction of Panama and partly by an "Area of Civil Coordination" (housing), which under the treaty was subject to elements of both U.S. and Panamanian public law. In addition, the 1977 treaty designated numerous areas and individual facilities as "Canal Operating Areas" for joint U.S.-Panama ongoing operations by a commission. On the effective date of the treaty, many of these Canal Operating Areas, including [[Madden Dam]], became newly surrounded by the territory of Panama. Just after noon local time on 31 December 1999, all former Canal Zone parcels of all types had come under the exclusive jurisdiction of Panama.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web|url=http://william_h_ormsbee.tripod.com/pan_canal_treaty_trans_p01.htm|last=Ormsbee|first=William H.|title=Panama Canal Treaty Transition (October 1979 – December 1999).|access-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929131617/http://william_h_ormsbee.tripod.com/pan_canal_treaty_trans_p01.htm|archive-date=2015-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vm136.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/maps/panama.jpg|title=Land and waters of the Panama Canal Treaty (map)|author=United States. Central Intelligence Agency.|year=1987|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=2015-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929070612/http://vm136.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/maps/panama.jpg|archive-date=2015-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carte IV. Aires de terre et d'eau mises à disposition du fonctionnement et de la défense du canal de Panama par le traité relatif au canal de Panama du 7 septembre 1977|work=Dirección ejecutiva para los asuntos del tratado (DEPAT)|year=1981|location=Ciudad de Panama|url=http://books.openedition.org/iheid/docannexe/image/2062/img-4.jpg|access-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929071737/http://books.openedition.org/iheid/docannexe/image/2062/img-4.jpg|archive-date=2015-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|series=United States Treaties and Other International Agreements|title=Panama Canal Treaty: Implementation of Article IV (TIAS 10032)|volume=33|publisher=United States Department of State|year=1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n559BTeMBIsC|pages=307–432|access-date=2015-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521125732/https://books.google.com/books?id=n559BTeMBIsC|archive-date=2016-05-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://william_h_ormsbee.tripod.com/treaty_trans_summ_mil_p01.htm|last=Ormsbee|first=William H.|title=Panama Canal Treaty Transition – Military. Summary of Military Property Transfers and Military Forces Drawdown.|access-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929114731/http://william_h_ormsbee.tripod.com/treaty_trans_summ_mil_p01.htm|archive-date=2015-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chagres.com/m-curu2.jpg|title=Canal Zone Map Section. Curundu 1.|access-date=2015-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406124926/http://www.chagres.com/m-curu2.jpg|archive-date=2013-04-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[Val d'Aran]] is a valley in the [[Pyrenees]] mountains and a comarca in northwestern [[Catalonia]], northern [[Spain]]. Most of it comprises the only part of Catalonia that is on the northern side of the Pyrenees. The Val d'Aran had been without direct access to the south side of the mountains, until the Vielha tunnel was opened in 1948.
* [[Venda]] was a [[bantustan]] or "black homeland" that was granted nominal independence by [[apartheid]] [[South Africa]] from 1979 until being re-absorbed in April 1994, but it remained unrecognised internationally. It was an enclave that was not an exclave, bordering only South Africa and separated narrowly from Zimbabwe by the Madimbo corridor to the north. Venda itself also had a small exclave that was a true enclave in South Africa.
* [[Walvis Bay]] was a South African pene-exclave bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and [[Namibia]], before being incorporated with Namibia in 1994, four years after that country's independence.
* [[Zadar]] ([[Province of Zara|Zara]]) was a 104&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> pene-exclave of [[Italy]], bordering the [[Adriatic Sea]] and [[Croatia]], from 1920 to 1944 (''de facto'' due to abandonment by the Italian civilian administration) or 1947 (''de jure'' under treaty).
* Various other historical [[Concession (territory)|foreign concessions]]
* Innumerable medieval enclaves within Europe

===Subnational historic enclaves and exclaves===
* [[Austria-Hungary]] – The former [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]] was an exclave of [[Cisleithania]].
* [[Azerbaijan]] – The former [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] was an enclave in [[Azerbaijan]].
* In [[Canada]], [[East York]] became an exclave of [[York, Toronto|York]] in 1922, when the township of [[North York]] was established, causing East York to be sandwiched between North York, [[Leaside]], and [[Old Toronto]]. East York became its own township in 1924, ending its status as an exclave. All of these municipalities are part of [[Toronto]] since the [[Amalgamation of Toronto|1998 amalgamation]].
* In [[Central Finland]], the former municipality of [[Säynätsalo]] was an exclave of the city of [[Jyväskylä]] from 1993 to 2009.
* [[Germany]] –
:* The Palatine was an exclave of Bavaria until the end of the Weimar republic
:* The former municipality of [[Hinterhermsdorf]] in [[Saxony]] was an exclave of the town of [[Sebnitz]], being separated from it by the municipality of [[Kirnitzschtal]], until Kirnitzschtal also became a part of Sebnitz.
:* The former [[Prussia]]n province [[Province of Hohenzollern|Hohenzollern]] was an enclave in present-day [[Baden-Württemberg]], being surrounded by the [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Grand Duchy]], later [[Republic of Baden|Republic]] of [[Baden]] and the [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Kingdom]], later [[Free People's State of Württemberg|Free People's State]] of [[Württemberg]].
:* [[Königsberg, Bavaria|Königsberg]], located in the [[Lower Franconia]] region of present-day [[Bavaria]], was an enclave within that state, along with two small nearby enclaves, belonging to the [[Ernestine duchies|Ernestine Duchy]] of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (which after 1825 also had five exclaves in Thuringia). In 1918 the post-monarchy duchy was split into two states, making Königsberg an exclave of the Free State of Saxe-Coburg. In 1920, the residents of that state voted to merge with the Free State of Bavaria, thus eliminating the three Bavarian enclaves. 
:* [[Schmalkalden-Meiningen|Schmalkalden]]/[[Suhl]] – Just after World War I, this Prussian enclave within [[Thuringia]] was divided between the two Prussian provinces of [[Saxony]] and [[Hesse-Nassau]] (thus it was a composite enclave). The two entities of Schmalkalden and Suhl separately were exclaves of their respective Prussian provinces.<ref name="Krogh"/>
:* The [[Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont]] was enclaved entirely by Prussia.
:* [[Saxe-Altenburg]] was separated into two areas, the Ostkreis and Westkreis.
:* Innumerable medieval enclaves 
* In [[India]], until 1952, France maintained [[Chandannagar]], which reported to the Governor of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondichéry]], and was an enclave in Bengal, just upriver from [[Calcutta]].
* In [[Indonesia]]:
** [[Special Capital Region of Jakarta]] was a coastal enclave surrounded by [[West Java]] and Java Sea until 2000, when the neighbouring [[Banten]] became a new province.
** [[Bandung]] city in [[West Java]] was an enclave surrounded by [[Bandung Regency]] until 1976, when the adjacent [[Cimahi]] became an administrative city.
** [[Bandar Lampung]] city in [[Lampung]] province was a coastal enclave surrounded by [[South Lampung Regency]] until 2007, when [[Pesawaran]] became a new regency.
* In [[Ireland]]:
**Until 1842, [[Durrow, County Laois|Durrow]] was an exclave of [[County Kilkenny]] surrounded by [[Queen's County, Ireland|Queen's County]].
**Until 1836, [[Ballymore Eustace]] and two other smaller pockets of land were exclaves of [[County Dublin]], surrounded by [[County Kildare]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mapspictures.com/ireland/dublin.php | title=County Dublin Ireland - Map 1837 }}</ref>
**Formerly, a tiny portion of [[County Kerry]], known as the "East Fractions," (including the village of Ballydaly) was surrounded by [[County Cork]]; the East Fractions were transferred to County Cork in 1843.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millstreet.ie/blog/archives/tag/magunihy|title=Magunihy|date=22 January 2015|website=Millstreet.ie}}</ref>
* In [[Korea]]:
:* [[Siheung County]], South Korea, had an exclave (nowadays [[Gwacheon]], [[Gunpo]], and [[Uiwang]]) since [[Anyang, Gyeonggi|Anyang]] was separated from Siheung in 1973. In 1989, the old county of Siheung was divided into the cities of Gunpo, Uiwang, and [[Siheung]], thereby dissolving the enclave.
:* [[Seoul]] was an enclave of [[Gyeonggi Province]] until neighbouring [[Incheon]] was declared a special city in 1981.
* In [[Poland]]:
:* From 1345 to 1351, the [[Duchy of Wizna]], a [[fief]]dom within the [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|United Kingdom of Poland]], was a duchy with a [[personal union]] with the [[Duchy of Płock]], forming the [[Crown land|royal domain]] of duke [[Bolesław III of Płock]]. Both duchies were separated from each other by the [[Duchy of Warsaw (Middle Ages)|Duchy of Warsaw]].<ref>J. Wyrozumski: ''Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370)'', Kraków: Fogra, 1999, ISBN 83-85719-38-5, OCLC 749221743.</ref><ref>O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', Kraków, 1895.</ref>
:* Between 1412 and 1778, the [[Spiskie Podgrodzie District]], the district within the [[Province of 13 Szepes Towns]], [[Eldership of Spisz]], Poland, consisted of two enclaves, of areas of [[Spišské Podhradie]] and [[Spišské Vlachy]]. The two enclaves were separated from each other, and the rest of Polish territory, by the Kingdom of Hungary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geopol.geo.uni.lodz.pl/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/granice_karpackie.pdf|website=geopol.geo.uni.lodz.pl|title=Kształtowanie się karpackich granic Polski (w X–XX w.)|author=Marek Sobczyński|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927183231/http://geopol.geo.uni.lodz.pl/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/granice_karpackie.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-27|language=pl}}</ref>
:* From 1434 to 1772, the [[Chełm Land]] was an exclave of the [[Ruthenian Voivodeship]], within the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]].
:* From 1585 to 1620, the [[District of Pilten]], an autonomous region within the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], was an area composed of three exclaves separated from each other by the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]]. The southeastern enclave bordered the [[Duchy of Samogitia]], other region in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the two other exclaves, had access to the [[Baltic Sea]]. Until 1620, it was an exclave of the [[Duchy of Livonia]], and from 1598 to 1620, it was part of smaller subdivision of [[Wenden Voivodeship]]. From 1621 to 1772, it was an exclave within the [[Inflanty Voivodeship]].
:* In the 18th century, the town of [[Bielino, Warsaw|Bielino]] was composed of two rectangular strips of land, both located about 1 km (0.62 miles) apart from each other, and with other towns located between them. The northern area was established in 1757, and the southern, in 1766.<ref>''Encyklopedia Warszawy''. Warsaw: [[Polish Scientific Publishers PWN]], 1994. ISBN 83-01-08836-2.</ref> The town formally existed until it was incorporated into the city of [[Warsaw]] in 1794.<ref>''Encyklopedia Warszawy''. Warsaw: [[Polish Scientific Publishers PWN]], 1994, p. 300. ISBN 83-01-08836-2.</ref>
:* From 14 August 1919 to 28 September 1939, the city of [[Warsaw]] was an [[independent city]] with [[voivodeships of Poland|voivodeship]] status, surrounded by the [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Warsaw Voivodeship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19190650395|language=pl|website=isap.sejm.gov.pl|title=Ustawa z dnia 28 maja 1975 r. o dwustopniowym podziale administracyjnym Państwa oraz o zmianie ustawy o radach narodowych.}}</ref><ref> Władysław Bartoszewski: ''1859 dni Warszawy''. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak, 2008, p 67. ISBN 978-83-240-1057-8. (in Polish)</ref>
:* From 1944 to 1975, [[History of Poland (1945–1989)|Poland]] at various times had from one to five [[independent city|independent cities]] with [[voivodeships of Poland|voivodeship]] status. [[Warsaw]] was surrounded by [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1944–1975)|Warsaw Voivodeship]] from 22 June 1944 to 31 May 1975, and [[Łódź]] was surrounded by [[Łódź Voivodeship (1945–1975)|Łódź Voivodeship]] from 18 August 1945 to 31 May 1975. From 1 January 1957 to 31 May 1975, another three cities held voivodeship status. They were [[Kraków]] surrounded by [[Kraków Voivodeship (1945–1975)|Kraków Voivodeship]], [[Poznań]] surrounded by [[Poznań Voivodeship]], and [[Wrocław]] surrounded by [[Wrocław Voivodeship (1946–1975)|Wrocław Voivodeship]]. Additionally, Poznań was surrounded by [[Poznań County]].<ref>Andrzej Gawryszewski: ''Ludność Polski w XX wieku''. Warsaw: Polska Akademia Nauk – Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego, 2005, pp. 42, 55. ISBN 83-87954-66-7. ISSN 1643-2312. (in Polish)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19570010001|title=Dekret z dnia 31 grudnia 1956 r. o wyłączeniu z województw miast: Krakowa, Poznania i Wrocławia oraz nadaniu miejskim radom narodowym tych miast uprawnień wojewódzkich rad narodowych.|website=isap.sejm.gov.pl|language =pl}}</ref><ref name=isap1975>{{cite web|url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19750160091|language=pl|website=isap.sejm.gov.pl|title=Ustawa z dnia 28 maja 1975 r. o dwustopniowym podziale administracyjnym Państwa oraz o zmianie ustawy o radach narodowych.}}</ref>
:* From 1 June 1975 to 31 December 1998, the village of [[Zabieżki]] was an exclave of [[Warsaw Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Warsaw Voivodeship]] surrounded by the [[Siedlce Voivodeship]].<ref>Lech Królikowski, Bolesław Orłowski: ''I Warszawę nie od razu zbudowano''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo IHNOiT, 1993, p. 95. ISBN 9788390089188.</ref>
:* From 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012, the town of [[Tychowo]], located in the [[gmina|municipality]] of [[Gmina Tychowo|Tychowo]] in [[Białogard County]], [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship]], consisted of 10 exclaves separated, sometimes by the width of a street, and surrounded by the rural area of the municipality. Additionally, there was one small exclave of the rural area surrounded by the city. The boundaries were changed on 1 January 2013 to extinguish the exclaves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/pliki/zmiany_w_podziale_administracyjnym_polski_2013.pdf|title=Zmiany wchodzące w życie z dniem 1 January 2013|website=ksng.gugik.gov.pl|language=pl|access-date=4 December 2023|archive-date=26 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926115307/http://ksng.gugik.gov.pl/pliki/zmiany_w_podziale_administracyjnym_polski_2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In [[Portugal]] until 2013, two civil parishes comprised the city of Estremoz. The parish of Santa Maria (the new town and its rural environs) surrounded an enclave, the walled old town of the parish of Santo Andre. The citadel inside Santo Andre was also a counter-enclave that belonged to Santa Maria.<ref>Instituto Geográfico do Exército: [http://www.igeoe.pt/igeoearcweb/igeoesig/ExecCmd.asp?cmd=SelArea&distrito=%C9VORA&concelho=ESTREMOZ&freguesia=ESTREMOZ%20%28SANTA%20MARIA%29 Territory of Santa Maria (Estremoz)]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The two parishes were united to form a new parish called Union of the Parishes of Estremoz (Santa Maria and Santo André), thus ending the only counter-enclave in Portugal.
* In [[Russia]]:
** [[Sheremetyevo]] is the location of the primary airport for [[Moscow]]. From 1995 to 2011 it was officially an enclave of the city of Moscow, but there was ambiguity regarding its association with [[Moscow Oblast]]. In 2011, the enclave was returned to Moscow Oblast, thus extinguishing it.
** [[Vnukovo District|Vnukovo]] consisted of two enclaves of the city of Moscow to its southwest. On 1 July 2012, "New Moscow" was created by annexing additional land to the city, including the land that surrounded Vnukovo. The two are now exclaves of a Moscow city subdivision, and one is also an enclave. 
** [[Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug|Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] was an enclave (not exclave) within [[Irkutsk Oblast]] and was merged into it on 1 January 2008.
** [[Agin-Buryat Okrug|Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] was an enclave (not exclave) within [[Zabaykalsky Krai]] and was merged into it on 3 January 2008.
* In [[South Africa]], the [[Eastern Cape Province]] had an exclave that was surrounded by [[KwaZulu-Natal Province]], containing the town of [[Umzimkulu]]. KwaZulu-Natal had an exclave, [[Mount Currie (South Africa)|Mount Currie]], that was surrounded by the Eastern Cape. Both were extinguished in 2006.
* [[Switzerland]] – 
** The village of [[Samnaun]] could initially only be reached by road from [[Austria]]. Thus, in 1892 the village was excluded from the Swiss customs territory. The exemption was maintained even when a road was built to the [[Engadin]] valley in 1907–1912.
** Before 1597, the two present-day cantons of [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]] and [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]] were one canton, [[Appenzell]], which was an enclave completely surrounded by the [[Canton of St. Gallen]].
** The [[secession]] of the new [[canton of Jura]] in 1979 left [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] temporarily with an exclave, Laufental, bounded by Jura, [[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]], [[Basel-Landschaft]], and [[France]]. Laufental joined Basel-Landschaft in 1994.
** The village of [[Clavaleyres]] was an exclave of [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] surrounded by [[canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] and [[Vaud]] until it merged with [[Murten]] in the Canton of [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] on 1 January 2022. 
* [[Turkey]] –
:* [[Yalova]] was an exclave of [[Istanbul]] until it gained provincial status in 1995.
:* The [[Istanbul]] boroughs of [[Maslak]], Ayazağa, and Huzur (part of Ayazağa until 1989)<ref>https://sariyer.bel.tr/ckuploads/ckfiles/SARIYER%20YASAM%20REHBERI%202018-internet.pdf?time=1578562766947 Life guideline of Sarıyer</ref> together formed an exclave of [[Şişli]] district after the split of [[Kağıthane]] from Şişli resulting from a law passed by [[TBMM]] on 19 June 1987.<ref>https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.3392.pdf Law No: 3392 about for forming 103 districts</ref> They were surrounded by [[Sarıyer]] to the north and east, [[Beşiktaş]] to the southeast, Kağıthane to the southwest, and [[Eyüp]] to the west. Finally, they were given to the district of Sarıyer after passing a law on 12 November 2012.<ref>https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121206-1.htm Law No: 6360</ref> Note that Maslak and Ayazağa were part of Sarıyer between 1930 and 1954 before passing to Şişli due to the split of Şişli from [[Beyoğlu]] in 1954.<ref>https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/8654.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> 
* [[United Kingdom]] –
:* [[Cumbernauld]] and [[Kirkintilloch]] formed an exclave at county level, as a part of the Scottish county of [[Dunbartonshire]] sandwiched between [[Stirlingshire]] and [[Lanarkshire]]. The exclave was dissolved after the municipal reforms of 1975.
:* [[Ardnamurchan]], [[Morvern]] and the surrounding area also formed an exclave at county level, as a part of the Scottish county of [[Argyll]]shire bordered by [[Inverness-shire]], separated from the rest of Argyllshire by [[Loch Linnhe]]. The exclave was dissolved in 1975 following the municipal reforms of that year.
:* [[Dudley]] in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], England, was an exclave at municipal level, being in a part of the county of [[Worcestershire]] surrounded by [[Staffordshire]]. Upon the local government reforms of 1974, the exclave was dissolved.
:* [[Furness]] in England was an exclave of the county of [[Lancashire]], known as "Lancashire-beyond-the-Sands" until 1974, when it became part of [[Cumbria]].
:* [[Tetworth]], historically part of [[Huntingdonshire]], included an exclave at county level, as part of Huntingdonshire separated from the rest of the county by [[Cambridgeshire]]. The exclave was dissolved in 1974, when the whole of Huntingdonshire became part of Cambridgeshire.
:* The district of [[Wrexham Maelor]] existed from 1974 to 1996, being formed from parts of two administrative counties, including [[Flintshire (historic)|Flintshire]]. From Flintshire came the exclave of [[Maelor Rural District]] (bounded on three sides by England and on the west by the Welsh county of [[Denbighshire (historic)|Denbighshire]]) and the enclave of the parish of [[Marford#History|Marford and Hoseley]], surrounded and separated from Flintshire also by Denbighshire. They are now part of [[Wrexham (county borough)|Wrexham]].
:* [[Domesday Book|Domesday]] [[Hundreds of Cheshire]] map in 1086 displays an enclave of Hamestan surrounded entirely by Middlewich. 
:* The [[Shires of Scotland#Counties until 1890|counties of Scotland]] before reorganisation in 1889 included dozens of exclaves. This was especially notable in the case of [[Cromartyshire]], which was split into at least nine parts spread across [[Ross-shire]].
:* [[Wales]] once had a third-order sub-national semi-exclave of its county of [[Caernarfonshire]]. This county had a semi-exclave consisting of the parishes of [[Llysfaen]] and Eirias and including the town of [[Old Colwyn]], which was transferred to the surrounding county of [[Denbighshire]] in 1923.<ref>Jones, I.W: Llandudno, Queen of the Welsh Resorts 2008 p. 129</ref> In turn it surrounded a counter-semi-exclave of [[Denbighshire]] including the east part of Old Colwyn, which had very complex borders. This counter-semi-exclave in turn contained a counter-counter-semi-exclave of Caernarvonshire, that of "Coed-coch Cottage" covering 1.6 acres (0.65 ha). The counter-semi-exclave was annexed to the semi-exclave in 1879.<ref>Ordnance Survey 6 inch Denbighshire III and IV 1875, with notes</ref>
:* Before 1974, and especially before 1844, there were many [[List of county exclaves in England and Wales 1844–1974|exclaves of counties in England and Wales]].
* [[United States]] – 
:* [[Maine]] was a pene-exclave of [[Massachusetts]] between 1652 and 1820.
:* The [[Western Reserve]] in present-day Ohio was a pene-exclave of [[Connecticut]] from 13 September 1786 to 1800, when it reverted to the [[Northwest Territory]].
:* The following from pre-merger [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], Kentucky, no longer exist as enclaves: [[Audubon Park, Kentucky|Audubon Park]], [[Meadowview Estates, Kentucky|Meadowview Estates]], [[Parkway Village, Kentucky|Parkway Village]], [[Seneca Gardens, Kentucky|Seneca Gardens]], [[Wellington, Kentucky|Wellington]], and the combination of [[Kingsley, Kentucky|Kingsley]], [[Strathmoor Manor, Kentucky|Strathmoor Manor]], and [[Strathmoor Village, Kentucky|Strathmoor Village]].
:* [[District of Columbia]] – [[Reagan National Airport|Washington National Airport]] was built on reclaimed land on the south side of the [[Potomac River]], where the river's high-water line marked the District's boundary with [[Virginia]]. Therefore, until 1945, the site was a pene-exclave of the District. Since then, the airport has been officially deemed a part of [[Arlington County, Virginia]], but it is under exclusive federal jurisdiction and is administered as if still part of the District.
:* [[Boston Corner, New York|Boston Corner]] was a pene-exclave of the town of [[Mount Washington, Massachusetts]], and ceded to New York on January 11, 1855, because its geographical isolation from the rest of Massachusetts (as part of the Taconic range) made maintaining law and order difficult.
:* [[Princeton Township, New Jersey|Princeton Township]] surrounded the [[Borough of Princeton, New Jersey|Borough of Princeton]], home of [[Princeton University]], until the two municipalities merged in 2013 to form [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], New Jersey.
:* [[Town Line, New York]] voted 85 to 40 to secede from the United States in 1861, with no legal effect and no well-defined borders, to become an exclave of the [[Confederate States of America]], unrecognized by either side (there are no written records); ceremonially voted to "rejoin" the Union in 1946.
* In [[France]], in [[Côtes-d'Armor]] département, the former [[Commune in France|commune]] of [[Plessix-Balisson]] is surrounded by the former commune of [[Ploubalay]]. In 2017, both communes were merged into the new [[Beaussais-sur-Mer]] commune.

=== Temporary enclaves or exclaves ===
Sometimes land is ceded temporarily to another country as a form of [[legal fiction]].
* Suite 212 at [[Claridges Hotel]] in [[London]] was ceded by the [[United Kingdom]] to [[Yugoslavia]] on 17 June 1945 to allow [[Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia|Crown Prince Alexander]], whose parents were in exile, to be born on Yugoslav soil, though the story may be apocryphal, as there exists no documentary record of this.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christopherlong.co.uk/pri/cropri.html|author=Christopher Long|title=A Regal Bid Too Far?|access-date=2006-12-15|date=25 October 1991|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704064632/http://www.christopherlong.co.uk/pri/cropri.html|archive-date=4 July 2007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1325958/Crown-prince-receives-Yugoslav-citizenship-after-55-year-exile.html|title=Crown prince receives Yugoslav citizenship after 55-year exile|first=Philip|last=Sherwell|date=11 March 2001|access-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313163549/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1325958/Crown-prince-receives-Yugoslav-citizenship-after-55-year-exile.html|archive-date=13 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Warm welcome as prince goes back to Belgrade| first=Julius| last=Strauss| date=16 Oct 2000| access-date=2013-11-05| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1370590/Warm-welcome-as-prince-goes-back-to-Belgrade.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313165056/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1370590/Warm-welcome-as-prince-goes-back-to-Belgrade.html| archive-date=13 March 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>
* To establish jurisdiction, [[Camp Zeist]], a former United States Air Force base in the [[Netherlands]], was, in 2000, temporarily declared [[sovereign territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]], in order to allow the [[Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial]] to take place.
* In 1943, the maternity ward at the [[The Ottawa Hospital|Ottawa Civic Hospital]] in Canada was [[Extraterritoriality of Princess Margriet's birth|temporarily extraterritorial]] so that [[Queen Juliana of the Netherlands|Princess Juliana]]'s daughter [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] would only have Dutch (by parents' nationality) and not dual nationality, because of her potential birth on Canadian soil. Dual nationality would have excluded her from the royal succession.
* In 1979, at [[Sender Zehlendorf]], East Germany, an area of 300 metres in radius around a radio tower construction site was made an exclave of the Soviet Union. After a Soviet fighter plane had earlier collided with a radio transmission mast at the facility, causing it to collapse, the Soviet Union agreed to rebuild the mast. So that the stricter German safety regulations would not slow the construction progress, the area was declared a Soviet exclave for the duration of the work.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008214415/http://forum.grenzwissen.de/showthread.php?t=3172|url=http://forum.politik.de/forum/archive/index.php/t-72855.html|title= Warum die Baustelle eines Sendemasten exterritoriales Gebiet wurde|archive-date=2015-10-08|access-date=2021-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=100 Jahre Funktechnik in Deutschland (Band 2), Funkstationen und Messplätze rund um Berlin|last=Klawitter|first=Gerd|year=1997|publisher=Verlag Wissenschaft u. Technik|location=Berlin|pages=105–112|isbn=3896855115}}</ref>

== Potential exclaves pending international resolution ==
* [[Crimea]] – after the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|2014 invasion of the peninsula]] and a [[2014 Crimean status referendum|controversial referendum]] on the territory's ascension to the [[Russian Federation]] as the federal subjects of the [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Republic of Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]], Crimea became a ''[[de facto]]'' pene-exclave of the country separated by both [[Ukraine]] and the [[Kerch Strait]]. Most countries still [[Crimean problem|internationally recognise]] the peninsula as fully part of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/06/06/the-invasion-of-crimea-is-hurting-russias-other-exclave/|title=The Invasion of Crimea Is Hurting Russia's Other Exclave|work=[[Forbes]]|date=6 June 2014|access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref>
* [[Palanca, Ştefan Vodă|Palanca Marshes]] – potential ''[[Vennbahn]]''-type enclave of [[Moldova]] surrounded by [[Ukraine]]:  Under a 2001 treaty between the two nations, Moldova is to transfer to Ukraine not only the asphalt (as it has already done), but also the real property under 7.7 kilometres of road (a portion of the 300&nbsp;km road between Odesa and Reni), and to clarify the sovereignty of that land, which under that treaty is to be transferred to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moldova.org/en/moldova-ukraine-relations-interview-with-andrei-popov-205196-eng/|title=Moldova-Ukraine relations, interview with Andrei Popov|publisher=Moldova.org|work=excerpt from a radio broadcast of the [[Vocea Basarabiei]] radio station|date=6 December 2009|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173242/http://www.moldova.org/en/moldova-ukraine-relations-interview-with-andrei-popov-205196-eng/|archive-date=6 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Serbian enclaves in Kosovo]]
* [[Overseas administrative territorial entity|Overseas territory]]
* {{section link|Road|Global connectivity}}
{{GeoGroup}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title = WAITING FOR THE ESQUIMO: An historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh (revised 2004) | first = Brendan R. | last = Whyte | publisher = [[University of Melbourne]] ([[doctoral dissertation]]) | isbn = 978-0-7340-2208-0 | year = 2002|location = [[Melbourne]]}}
** University of Melbourne ePrints repository has an [https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/34051 abstract] and a [https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/34051/66438_00001443_01_whyte.pdf complete reprint] ([[PDF]]: 13.59 MB).
** Chapter 1 (pages 1–24) is a general survey of international enclaves, with a table ''Enclaves of the world since 1996'' on page 5.
* {{cite book |last=Nies |first=Susanne |title=Sand in the works. Enclaves challenging metropolitan states. A Comparative Study on the Governance of Cabinda, Ceuta, Kaliningrad, Nagorno Karabakh, Nakhchivan, Melilla and Gibraltar |publisher=Paris Institut d'Etudes Politiques |pages=1–219 |location=Paris |year=2004}}
* [http://geosite.jankrogh.com/exclaves.htm Jan S. Krogh's Geosite]
* [http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/bosnia.pdf Smith, Barry (1997) "The Cognitive Geometry of War"], in P. Koller and K. Puhl (eds.), ''Current Issues in Political Philosophy: Justice in Society and World Order'', Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, 394–403. 
* [http://www.exclave.eu/images/studies/vinokurov_theory_exclave_mpra2007.pdf Evgeny Vinokurov, ''A Theory of Enclaves'', Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2007]
* [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/pondicherry/pondichery.html Puducherry Map]

[[Category:Enclaves and exclaves|*]]
[[Category:Border-related lists|Enclaves and exclaves]]