View source for List of doping cases in cycling

{{Short description|none}}
{{doping in sport sidebar|expanded=Doping-related lists}}
The following is an incomplete list of doping cases and recurring accusations of doping in professional [[cycle sport|cycling]], where doping means "use of physiological substances or abnormal method to obtain an artificial increase of performance."<ref name="Vittozzi"/> It is neither a list of shame nor a list of illegality, as the first laws were not passed until [[#1965|1965]] and their implementation is an ongoing developing process. Thus the list contains doping incidents, those who have tested positive for [[Doping (sport)|illegal performance-enhancing drugs]], prohibited [[recreational drugs]] or have been suspended by a [[sports governing body]] for failure to submit to mandatory [[drug testing]]. It also contains and clarifies cases where subsequent evidence and explanation has shown the parties to be innotrcent of illegal practice.

In 1963, the [[Council of Europe]] gave the following definition of [[Doping (sport)|doping]]:
<blockquote>"Doping is the administration to a normal subject in any possible way of a foreign agent or abnormal quantities of physiological substances with the sole purpose of increasing artificially and in an unfair manner the performance of the subject participating in a contest."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rm.coe.int/090000168072636e|title=Committee for Out-of-School Education, Doping of Athletes, Joint Draft Definition|date=16 January 1963|website=Council of Europe Website|access-date=19 April 2019}}</ref></blockquote>

The International Olympic Committee slightly modified this, and adopted this definition:
<blockquote>"The administration of or use by a competing athlete of any substance foreign to the body or any physiologic substance taken in abnormal quantity or taken by an abnormal route of entry into the body with the sole intention of increasing in an artificial and unfair manner his/her performance in competition. When necessity demands medical treatment with any substance which, because of its nature, dosage, or application is able to boost the athlete's performance in competition in an artificial and unfair manner, this too is regarded as doping."<ref name="Wadler 01"/></blockquote>
{{Horizontal TOC|nonum=y|limit=3}}

==1880s==

===1886===
In 1886, a Welsh cyclist is popularly reputed to have died after drinking a blend of [[cocaine]], [[caffeine]] and [[strychnine]], supposedly in the [[Bordeaux–Paris]] race. This was included in the 1997 [[International Olympic Committee]] study on the ''Historical Evolution of Doping Phenomenon'', and listed as the presumed first death due to doping during a competition. The report did allow that in this period it was common practice, and not illegal.<ref name="Vittozzi">{{cite web |url=http://www.ioa.org.gr/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/special-sessions-1997-37942-600-21.pdf |title=Historical Evolution of Doping Phenomenon by Lorella Vittozzi (ITA) |publisher=Ioa.org.gr |access-date=2019-01-19 |archive-date=2019-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120093523/http://www.ioa.org.gr/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/special-sessions-1997-37942-600-21.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is alternatively reported as 'trimethyl" poisoning (a compound which does not actually exist).<ref name="Wadler 01">{{cite web
|url=http://www.pseudology.org/Connoly/FiKotova_anti_drug1956.pdf 
|title=Doping in Sport: From Strychnine to Genetic Enhancement, It's a Moving Target, by Gary I. Wadler, M.D., FACP, FACSM, FACPM, FCP. Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York University School of Medicine |access-date=2019-04-19}}</ref> However, the main Bordeaux–Paris race did not start until 1891, and the cyclist who supposedly died in 1886, [[Arthur Linton]], actually finished second in 1896 and died a few weeks later, reportedly from a combination of drug-induced exhaustion and [[typhoid fever]].<ref name="Rosen 01">{{cite web |url=http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Dope/Daniel-M-Rosen/e/9780313345203/?itm=3 |title=Synopsis of ''Dope: A History of Performance Enhancement in Sports from the Nineteenth Century to Today'' |first=Daniel M. |last=Rosen |publisher=Search.barnesandnoble.com |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-date=2012-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018092803/http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Dope/Daniel-M-Rosen/e/9780313345203/?itm=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Linton was managed by the notorious [[Choppy Warburton]] - see 1896 below.<ref name="Times Stewart 1">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/graham_stewart/article700837.ece| title=Speed freaks who raced to an early grave| work=The Times| date=5 August 2006 | location=London | access-date=8 May 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The story may be apocryphal.

==1890s==

===1896===
* [[Arthur Linton]] from [[Aberdare]] in [[Wales]] died aged 24 of 'exhaustion and typhoid fever' a few weeks after finishing second in the [[Bordeaux–Paris]] race and a race at [[Catford]]. Linton was managed by the notorious Choppy Warburton,<ref name="Times Stewart 1"/> whose success was questioned, with claims that he drugged his charges.<ref name="cheat">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/longview/longview_20031014.shtml|title=Cheating and drugs in sport|publisher=BBC|date=14 October 2003}}</ref> [[Jimmy Michael]] is said to have accused Warburton of poisoning him, before he was taken to court for [[libel]].<ref name="query.nytimes">{{cite news| url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/12/19/117908921.pdf| title="Choppy" Warburton Dead| work=The New York Times|date=19 December 1897 }}</ref> Rudiger Rabenstein claims that Arthur Linton was "massively doped" for the 1896 [[Bordeaux–Paris]].<ref>Odd, Nicholas and van der Plas, Rob (ed) (1998), Cycle History</ref> The British and French cycling union announced that Michael would be banned, even though there was no rule at that time against doping. In the end, Michael was not banned, but he left to ride in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nusport.nl/rob-de-haan/2319056/mysterieuze-brouwsels.html|author=Haan, Rob de|language=nl|publisher=Nusport|title=Mysterieuze brouwsels|date=25 August 2010}}</ref>

[[Nitroglycerine]] was used to stimulate the heart after cardiac attacks and was credited with improving riders' breathing.<ref>Novich, Max M., ''Abbotempo'', UK, 1964</ref> Riders suffered hallucinations from the exhaustion and perhaps the drugs. The American champion [[Major Taylor]] refused to continue a New York race, saying: "I cannot go on with safety, for there is a man chasing me around the ring with a knife in his hand."<ref>Bearings, US, 24 December 1896, cited Ritchie, Andrew, ''Major Taylor'', Bicycle Books, US, 1988</ref>

===1897===
* Choppy Warburton of [[Haslingden]], England died aged 52. He was described by the Lancashire Family History Society: {{cquote|"Choppy has been firmly identified as the instigator of drug-taking in the sport [cycling] in the 19th century."<ref name="LFHsoc">{{cite web|url=http://www.rossendale-fhhs.fsnet.co.uk/Newsletters/October2006.htm |title=Book Review: 'Choppy' Warburton |publisher=Lancashire Family History Society |date=October 2006 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}
Warburton was banned from the sport after unproven claims of massive doping in the 1896 Bordeaux–Paris. His activities may have contributed to the early deaths of [[Arthur Linton]], Tom Linton and [[Jimmy Michael]].<ref>Cyclers' News, 28 July 1896</ref><ref>History Today, UK, vol 50</ref>

==1900s==

===1904===
* [[Jimmy Michael]] of [[Wales]], world cycling champion, died aged 27, en voyage to [[New York City]]. The cause of death was noted as [[delirium tremens]], probably brought on by drinking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taff.gov.uk/heritagetrail/cynon/aberaman/aberaman.htm |title=Library Service Heritage Trail - Aberaman |publisher=Rhondda Cynon Taff |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011051752/http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taff.gov.uk/heritagetrail/cynon/aberaman/aberaman.htm |archive-date=2008-10-11 }}</ref> Michael was managed by Choppy Warburton.<ref name="Times Stewart 1"/> Michael was reported to have taken a potion and within a few laps collapsed on the track, picked himself up and then in a daze, set off in the wrong direction.<ref name="cheat"/> Michael is said to have accused Warburton of "poisoning him", before he was taken to court for [[libel]].<ref name="query.nytimes" />

==1910s==

===1911===
* [[Paul Duboc]] of France was doped or poisoned during the Tour de France. He was favourite but collapsed in a ditch in the Pyrenees after drinking from a spiked or poisoned bottle, allegedly given by a rival team manager. He finished in second place.

==1920s==

===1924===
[[File:1919pelissier.jpg|thumb|Henri Pelissier, 1919]]
* [[Henri Pélissier]], [[Francis Pélissier]], and [[Charles Pélissier]] of France – In 1924, following their abandoning of the Tour de France, the first real drug scandal arose when the Pélissier brothers gave an extraordinary interview to journalist Albert Londres. They said that they used [[strychnine]], [[cocaine]], [[chloroform]], [[aspirin]], "[[horse ointment]]" and other drugs to keep going. The story was published in ''[[Le Petit Parisien]]'' under the title "Les Forçats de la Route" ('The Convicts of the Road'). Francis is reported as saying "In short, we run on dynamite." Henri is reported as saying "Do you know how we keep going? Look, this is cocaine, chloroform, too. And pills? You want to see pills? Here are three boxes - We run on dynamite." Francis Pélissier said much later: "Londres was a famous reporter but he didn't know about cycling. We kidded him a bit with our cocaine and our pills." Even so, the Tour de France in 1924 was no picnic.<ref>Woodland, Les: ''Yellow Jersey Guide to the Tour de France'', Yellow Jersey, London, 2007</ref><ref>De Mondenard, Dr Jean-Pierre: ''Dopage, l'imposture des performances'', Chiron, France, 2000</ref><ref name="abcc01">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abcc.co.uk/Articles/DrgsTdeF.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627210659/http://www.abcc.co.uk/Articles/DrgsTdeF.html|url-status=dead|title=Association of British Cycling Coaches (ABCC), Drugs and the Tour De France by Ramin Minovi|archive-date=June 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/jul/03/July|title=1 Guardian, July 2003, Science, If this year's Tour de France is 100% clean... ...then that will certainly be a first. By Matt Seaton and David Adam|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> See [[Doping at the Tour de France#The Convicts of the Road|Doping at the Tour de France - The Convicts of the Road]].

==1930s==

===1930===
The acceptance of [[Doping (sport)#The Convicts of the Road|drug-taking]] in the Tour de France was so complete by 1930 that the rule book, distributed by [[Henri Desgrange]], reminded riders that drugs would not be provided by the organisers.<ref>Maso, Benji:Zweet van de Goden, Holland</ref>

==1940s==

===1949===
* [[Fausto Coppi]] of Italy admitted in a television interview in 1952 that he used 'la Bomba' as there was no alternative if you wanted to remain competitive. This referred to [[amphetamines]], which had been developed for military use during World War II to keep aircrew, merchant seamen and submariners awake, alert and energetic. After the war they found a ready market among endurance sportsmen.<ref name="abcc01"/> Coppi also said, "One day I will take the wrong pill and pedal backward."<ref>{{cite news|author=Bil Gilbert |url=http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082575/2/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308082751/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082575/2/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 8, 2009 |title=Something Extra On The Ball |work=Sports Illustrated magazine|date=1969-06-30 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> He also joked on camera that he only took drugs when absolutely necessary, which is nearly always.<ref>[[Nicolas Rasmussen|Rasmussen, Nicolas]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=1mf5eEG0nRUC&pg=PA193 ''On speed : the many lives of amphetamine'', New York University Press, (New York), 2008, p.193.]</ref><ref name="Guard01">{{cite news|author=Geoffrey Wheatcroft |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jul/01/cycling.features1 |title=Tour de farce|work=The Guardian |date= July 2001|access-date=2012-07-17 |location=London}}</ref>

==1950s==

===1955===
* [[Jean Malléjac]] of France collapsed on [[Mont Ventoux]] during the 1955 Tour de France; it was widely attributed to drug abuse. Ten kilometres from the summit he was: "Streaming with sweat, haggard and comatose, he was zigzagging and the road wasn't wide enough for him... He was already no longer in the real world, still less in the world of cyclists and the Tour de France."<ref name=yellow>Woodland, Les ''Yellow Jersey Guide to the Tour de France'', Yellow Jersey, London</ref> Malléjac collapsed, falling to the ground with one foot still trapped in a pedal. The other leg pedalled on in the air. He was "completely unconscious, his face the colour of a corpse, a freezing sweat ran on his forehead.<ref name=Chany>Chany, Pierre (1988) ''La Fabuleuse Histoire du Tour de France'', Éditions La Martinière, France</ref> He regained consciousness after 15 minutes attention, oxygen, water, and an injection of [[solucamphre]] (a [[decongestant]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/madrid/key.jsp?KEY=139961 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805235752/http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/madrid/key.jsp?KEY=139961 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-05 |title=World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) - Registration(139961) Solucamphre |publisher=Wipo.int |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref> In the ambulance he insisted that he had been drugged against his will and that he wanted to start legal proceedings. He denied wrongdoing right up to his death in September 2000.

===1956===
* Following the 14th Stage of the 1956 Tour de France, the entire Belgian team went down with a mystery illness. It was officially attributed to their having eaten 'bad fish' at dinner, an excuse also used in 1962 and 1991.<ref name="abcc01"/>

===1958===
* [[Roger Rivière]] of France admitted, after his career was finished, to having taken "[[amphetamine]]s and solucamphre" during his hour record of 1958—including taking tablets during the attempt.<ref name=autogenerated7>Jean-Paul Olivier, La Tragédie du Parjour : Roger Rivière (Glenat, 1992)</ref>

===1959===
* [[Charly Gaul]] from Luxembourg was implicated in July when French customs confiscated pills that were destined for him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gva.be/dossiers/-d/doping/40jaar.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313094048/http://www.gva.be/dossiers/-d/doping/40jaar.asp|url-status=dead|title=''Antwerp Gazette'', 2 April 1999, Doping - Amfetamines, cortisone, hormonen en EPO|archive-date=March 13, 2008}}</ref>

==1960s==

===1960===
* [[Knud Enemark Jensen]] of Denmark participated in the [[1960 Summer Olympic Games]] in Rome riding under the influence of [[amphetamines]]; he collapsed during the 100&nbsp;km team time trial during the Games, fracturing his skull, and in a nearby Rome hospital shortly thereafter, he was pronounced dead. The autopsy showed he had taken [[amphetamine]] and another drug, [[Ronicol]] (Ronicol Retard) (nicotinyl alcohol tartrate), a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/Ronicol+Retard.asp?q=Ronicol+Retard |title=Online Medical Dictionary, Ronicol Retard |publisher=Online-medical-dictionary.org |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614234933/http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/Ronicol+Retard.asp?q=Ronicol+Retard |archive-date=2011-06-14 }}</ref> (He was also reported as swallowing 8 pills of [[phenylisopropylamine]], 15 pills of amphetamine and coffee.<ref name="Vittozzi"/>) The chairman of the Dutch cycling federation, Piet van Dijk, said of Rome that "dope - whole cartloads -[were] used in such royal quantities."<ref>Van Dijk, Pieter: ''Doping bestaat en doen we eraan'', Het Vrije Volk, Holland, 13 December 1961</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/2007-02-28-timeline-drugs-athlete_x.htm |title=Timeline: A century of drugs and the athlete |work=USA Today |date=2007-03-01 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> Jensen's death led to pressure on the [[International Olympic Committee]], which studied a report on doping drawn up by doctors demanding dope controls.
* [[Gastone Nencini]] of Italy was discovered by Tour de France doctor [[Pierre Dumas]] in his bedroom with plastic tubes running from each arm to a bottle of hormones;<ref>Dictionnaire du dopage par Jean-Pierre de Mondenard [https://books.google.com/books?id=7XIQCwAAQBAJ&dq=dopage%20dumas%20nencini%20chambre%20bras&pg=PT9 Dictionnaire du dopage]</ref> retransfusion was a legal practice at the time.<ref>Woodland, Les (1980) Dope, the use of drugs in sport, David and Charles, UK</ref> In the 1930s, Scandinavian runners were believed to have used retransfusion to increase the number of corpuscles that carry oxygen to the muscles. In 1972, Dr Björn Ekblom of the Sport and Gymnastics Institute in Stockholm found that retransfusing cells increased oxygen uptake by nine per cent and athletic potential by 23 per cent.
* [[Roger Rivière]] of France admitted that his career-ending crash in the 1960 Tour de France was probably attributable to using [[Dextromoramide|Palfium]] ([[Dextromoramide]]), a painkiller that affects reflexes and judgment, during the descent of the [[Col de Perjuret]] on [[Mont Aigoual]].<ref name=autogenerated7 /> Palfium was used to deaden pain in leg muscles where it was directly injected (sometimes while riding). It was suggested that it had so numbed Rivière's fingers that he could not feel the brake levers.<ref name="abcc01"/> He said he had an injection of solucamphor and amphetamine before the start and swallowed several amphetamine tablets.<ref>France Dimanche, France, cited Cycling, UK, 4 November 1967, p 17</ref> He said he was an addict who downed thousands of pills a year.

===1962===
'''The Wiel's-Groene Leeuw affair''' – At the stage from Luchon to Carcassonne of the 1962 Tour de France, twelve riders fell ill and said 'bad fish' was the cause. Tour doctor [[Pierre Dumas]] realized they had all been given the same drug by the same soigneur.<ref name="abcc01"/> [[Hans Junkermann (cyclist)|Hans Junkermann]] of Germany had been ill overnight so the start was delayed by 10 minutes, but at the first hill he got off his bike and sat by the roadside, telling onlookers "I ate bad fish at the hotel last night."<ref>[[Doping at the Tour de France#Wiel's affair]]</ref> Eleven other riders abandoned the Tour that day, including the former leader, [[Willy Schroeders]], the 1960 winner [[Gastone Nencini]] and a future leader, [[Karl-Heinz Kunde]]. [[Jacques Goddet]] wrote that he suspected doping but nothing was proven - other than that none of the hotels had served fish the previous night.

===1964===
France passed its first anti-doping law in November 1964.<ref name="Woodland1">''The Unknown Tour de France'' by Les Woodland, Van der Plas Publications, 2000. {{ISBN|1-892495-26-0}}</ref>

===1965===
* [[Jacques Anquetil]] of France never hid that he took drugs – a common practice at the time - and in a debate with a government minister on French television said that only a fool would imagine it was possible to ride Bordeaux–Paris on just water. He and other cyclists had to ride through "the cold, through heat waves, in the rain and in the mountains", and they had the right to treat themselves as they wished, he said in a television interview, before adding: "Leave me in peace; everybody takes dope."<ref>Cited in ''Les Miroirs du Tour'', French television, 2003</ref> There was implied acceptance of doping right to the top of the state: the president, [[Charles de Gaulle]], said of Anquetil: "Doping? What doping? Did he or did he not make them play the [[Marseillaise]] [the French national anthem] abroad?"<ref>Cited ''L'Équipe Magazine'' 23 July 1994</ref> The veteran reporter [[Pierre Chany]] said: "Jacques had the strength - for which he was always criticised - to say out loud what others would only whisper. So, when I asked him 'What have you taken?' he didn't drop his eyes before replying. He had the strength of conviction."<ref>Penot, Christophe (1996): Pierre Chany, l'homme aux 50 Tours de France, Éditions Cristel, France</ref>
* French amateurs [[André Bayssière]] and [[Charly Grosskost]] collapsed in the [[Tour de l'Avenir]] in July. They were banned when they confessed to using amphetamines.<ref name="abcc01"/>
* [[Peter Post]] of the Netherlands acknowledged that he had doped at the Tour de France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geschiedenis.vpro.nl/artikelen/35548104|title=Peter Post in 1965: "Ik gebruikte doping" (translation: Peter Post in 1965: "I used doping")|publisher=/Geschiedenis|date=2007-07-15|access-date=2009-07-29}}</ref>
* [[Luis Santamarina]] of Spain was disqualified from the Milk Race in Great Britain, as one of four competitors who were caught in the first official blood tests. (See below - ''Performance-enhancing drugs became illegal'') Having won a stage which started at Scarborough and crossed Rosedale Chimney, riding ahead of the race on one of the race's hardest climbs, he rode into the back of a car parked beside the road as an official waited to time him. He remounted and won the stage and led the race. Two days later, he and three others (Canet and Usamentiaga of Spain and Ken Hill of Great Britain) were disqualified for doping.<ref>{''Sporting Cyclist'' Vol. 9. No. 8}</ref> The Spanish team went home.<ref name="Dope, the use of drugs in sport">Woodland, Les (1980), Dope, the use of drugs in sport, David and Charles, UK, p 112</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Cycling |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/2385833/West-still-hooked-on-adrenalin.html |title=West still hooked on adrenaline, ... Luis Santamarina blood sample positive for amphetamines |work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2012-07-17 |location=London |date=30 August 2004}}</ref>

'''Performance-enhancing drugs became illegal''' on 1 June 1965. The first riders to be caught were four amateurs, three Spanish (Luis Santamarina, Canet and Usamentiaga) and one Briton (Ken Hill), who were thrown out of the [[Milk Race]] when they tested positive for amphetamines after Professor Arnold Beckett first applied sensitive gas chromatographic techniques to monitor drug abuse.<ref name="Wadler 01"/><ref name="abcc01"/><ref name="Dope, the use of drugs in sport"/>

===1966===
'''On 29 July testing began at the Tour de France'''. [[Raymond Poulidor]] was the first rider to be tested in the Tour at the end of a stage to Bordeaux. He said "I was strolling down the corridor in ordinary clothes when I came across two guys who asked if I was a rider. They made me go into a room, I pissed into some bottles and they closed them without sealing them. Then they took my name, my date of birth, without asking for anything to check my identity. I could have been anyone, and they could have done anything they liked with the bottles."<ref>Poulidor, Raymond: ''J'appartiens à le légende'', L'Équipe, France, 12 July 1999</ref> The next morning, on the way to the Pyrenees, the riders climbed off, began walking and shouting protests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.es/preview/1964/03/15/pagina-42/32655799/pdf.html?search=doping |title=La última etapa llana -- antes de los Pirineos -- fue ganada por Karstens, en Bayona |page=42 |language=es |work=La Vanguardia |date=1966-06-30 |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>

===1967===
* [[Tom Simpson]] of Great Britain died of exhaustion on the slopes of [[Mont Ventoux]] during the 13th stage of the [[1967 Tour de France]]. The post mortem found that he had taken amphetamines and alcohol, a diuretic combination which proved fatal when combined with the hot conditions, the notoriously hard climb of the Ventoux and a pre-existing stomach complaint. Investigators discovered more drugs in his hotel room at [[Sète]] and the pockets of his jersey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/northeast/series6/cycling.shtml |title=BBC Inside out, Cycling |publisher=BBC |date=2004-10-04 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>*{{cite book
|author=William Fotheringham
|title=Put Me Back on My Bike: In Search of Tom Simpson
|publisher=Random House
|location=New York
|year=2002
|isbn=0-224-06187-9
}}</ref>
* [[Evert Dolman]] of the Netherlands was stripped of his 1967 [[Dutch National Road Race Championship]] title because of doping.<ref>''Te Fanatiek'', Wielersport, Holland, undated cutting</ref>

===1968===

* [[Felice Gimondi]] of Italy tested positive at the Giro D'Italia.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.es/preview/1910/02/18/pagina-54/34339785/pdf.html?search=doping%20positivo La Vanguardia (Spanish)]. Hemeroteca.lavanguardia.es (18 June 1968). Retrieved on 6 August 2014.</ref>

===1969===
* [[Eddy Merckx]] of Belgium tested positive for the stimulant [[Fencamfamin|Reactivan]] at [[Savona]] during the [[1969 Giro d'Italia]], after leading the race through 16 stages. Merckx was found positive at doping control and expelled from the Giro. Merckx steadfastly denied the charges. The controversy began to swirl when his test results were not handled in the ordinary manner. The positive doping control was released to the press before all parties (Merckx and team officials) involved were notified and happened just after Merckx refused to accept money for not competing in general classification.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/GdI/GdI_1969.htm |title=Cycling Revealed, Timeline, 1969, 52nd Giro d'Italia 1969 By Barry Boyce, Merckx DQ'd |publisher=Cyclingrevealed.com |date=1969-06-08 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Joaquim Agostinho]] of Portugal tested positive in the Tour of Portugal.<ref name="podium.publico.clix.pt">[http://podium.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1267236 Alguns dos maiores escândalos da história do ciclismo] {{webarchive |url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20081021182917/http://podium.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id%3D1267236 |date=October 21, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/etapes/eta_td_portugal.php |title=Tour de Portugal - stages |publisher=Memoire-du-cyclisme.net |date=2011-10-28 |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223121551/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/etapes/eta_td_portugal.php |archive-date=2012-02-23 }}</ref> He subsequently tested positive again in 1973,<ref name="podium.publico.clix.pt"/> and the Tour de France of 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dopage.com/cas-dopage/tombes-au-champs-dhonneur-81-105-11-770.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213011439/http://www.dopage.com/cas-dopage/tombes-au-champs-dhonneur-81-105-11-770.html|url-status=dead|title=Dopage.com, tombes-au-champs-dhonneur|archive-date=December 13, 2007}}</ref>

==1970s==

===1972===
* [[Jaime Huélamo]] of Spain finished third in the [[Cycling at the 1972 Summer Olympics - Men's individual road race|1972 Summer Olympics men's individual road race]] but was later disqualified after he tested positive for [[coramine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/historia/contextos/3685.htm |title=Castille et Leon, El "doping" |publisher=Artehistoria.jcyl.es |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216172758/http://www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/historia/contextos/3685.htm |archive-date=2012-02-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/27850/library/sydney2000/issues/drugs_positive.shtml |title=eOlympic - Positive Drug Tests At The Summer Games |publisher=Library.thinkquest.org |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630061913/http://library.thinkquest.org/27850/library/sydney2000/issues/drugs_positive.shtml |archive-date=2012-06-30 }}</ref>
* [[Aad van den Hoek]]<ref>[[:nl:Aad van den Hoek|Aad van den Hoek at Dutch Wikipedia]]</ref> of the Netherlands tested positive for [[Coramine]] at the Munich Olympics, a drug allowed by the International Cyclists' Union but not the IOC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangladeshobserveronline.com/new/2004/08/14/sports.htm |title=Bangladesh Observer, Sports news, September 2004 |publisher=Bangladeshobserveronline.com |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008221706/http://www.bangladeshobserveronline.com/new/2004/08/14/sports.htm |archive-date=2007-10-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/cycling/cyclinghistory.html |title=News International |publisher=Times-olympics.co.uk |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110629111542/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/cycling/cyclinghistory.html |archive-date=2011-06-29 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.newindpress.com/sports/olympics2004/News.asp?Topic=320&Title=Tears+and+Joy&ID=IE$20040818124923&nDate=19 August 2004&Sub=-----No+Sub+Category-----&Cat=& New India Review of Olympic drug abuse]{{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref>

===1973===
* [[Eddy Merckx]] tested positive for a banned substance in the [[Giro di Lombardia]] classic. He was disqualified from first place. Runner-up [[Felice Gimondi]] was declared the winner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bikeraceinfo.com/classics/Tour%20of%20Lombardy/lombindx.html |title=Podium placings, Tour of Lombardy |publisher=Bikeraceinfo.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>

===1974===
In 1974, an advance in testing caught 13 prominent riders including [[Herman Van Springel]].
* [[Roger Legeay]] of France tested positive for [[amphetamines]] at the Paris–Nice race.<ref name="Wikiwix's cache">{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/?id=1365|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110217153901/http://www.cycling4fans.de/?id=1365 |url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-02-17|title=Wikiwix's cache|website=archive.wikiwix.com}}</ref>
* [[Claude Tollet]] of France tested positive for [[amphetamines]] at the Tour de France.<ref name="Wikiwix's cache"/>

===1975===
* [[Bernard Thévenet]] of France won the [[1975 Tour de France]] by using [[cortisone]]. In 1982, after retiring from racing, he said "I was doped with cortisone for three years and there were many like me. [...] The experience ruined my health".<ref name="Thev01">Chany, Pierre: L'angoissant combat de Bernard Thévenet, ''Vélo'', France, no 125, 1978</ref>
* [[Erik De Vlaeminck]] of Belgium never failed a drugs test in his racing career, but he was treated after it for [[amphetamine]] addiction at a psychiatric institute. Many stories circulate about his reported wild behaviour after races and when he put his career on hold. When he returned to racing, the Belgian federation would offer him a licence for only a day at a time until it saw how his life would progress. He refused to speak of this period of his life.

===1976===
* [[Rachel Dard]] of France was reported to have raced across France to avoid a positive dope finding and then ended up in a row which exposed organised drug-taking in cycling in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/features/?id=2006/woodland_dard |title=Tales from the Peloton - Cheats aren't meant to prosper |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2006-12-22 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> Dard and a teammate, Bourreau, were caught trying to defraud the doping control with a [[condom]] of untainted urine in their shorts to give the impression they were urinating.<ref>Wielerrevue, Holland, De Koerier van Dax, undated cutting</ref> A few weeks later Dard went to ''L'Équipe'' and spilled the inside story, including the prescriptions for dope that Bellocq, the team doctor, had given him.<ref>L'Équipe, 22 November 1976</ref> He said riders treated with cortisone and steroids were now in "a pitiful state".<ref>de Mondenard, Jean-Pierre, Dictionnaire du Dopage, Masson, France</ref>
* In the [[1976 Vuelta a España]], Belgian cyclist [[Eric Jacques]] took over the lead in the eighth stage, but it was later revealed that he failed a doping test, and he was penalized by having ten minutes added to his total competition time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19760512-AE0023008&vw=org&lm=eric%2Cjacques|title=Eric Jacques teruggezet|language=nl|work=Nieuwsblad van het Noorden|publisher=De Krant van Toen|date=12 May 1976|page=23|access-date=20 June 2011}}</ref>

===1977===
* Bernard Thévenet of France won the [[1977 Tour de France]] with the aid of cortisone.<ref name="Thev01"/>
* [[Joop Zoetemelk]] of the Netherlands tested positive for [[Pemoline]] in the 1977 Tour de France, although Pemoline was a legal substance at that time. In the 1979 Tour de France he tested positive for 'hormones'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrc.nl/sport/article743456.ece/Doping_in_de_Tour_is_van_alle_tijden|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095740/http://www.nrc.nl/sport/article743456.ece/Doping_in_de_Tour_is_van_alle_tijden|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 September 2007|title=nrc.nl - Sport - Doping in de Tour is van alle tijden|date=29 September 2007}}</ref><ref>[[:nl:Lijst van Nederlandse dopinggevallen|Dutch Wiki, List of Dutch Doping]]</ref>
* A Belgian doctor, Professor Michel Debackere, perfected a test for the detection of [[Pemoline]], an amphetamine-like drug, and caught three of the biggest names in Belgium: [[Eddy Merckx]], [[Freddy Maertens]] and [[Michel Pollentier]].

===1978===
* [[Michel Pollentier]] of Belgium was caught trying to cheat the drugs control with someone else's urine in a rubber bulb in his shorts after victory at [[Alpe d'Huez]]. He was ejected from the Tour. Ironically his own urine tested negative.<ref name="abcc01"/> ''See [[Doping at the Tour de France#Pollentier incident|Doping at the Tour de France - The Pollentier incident]]''
* [[José Nazabal]] of Spain anticipated a positive test at the Tour de France, and so left the race immediately after being tested. ''See [[Doping at the Tour de France#Pollentier incident|Doping at the Tour de France - The Pollentier incident]]''
* [[Antoine Gutierrez]] of Spain caused doctor Le Calvez to be suspicious during a test, thus raising his jersey to reveal a system of tubes and a bottle of urine. ''See [[Doping at the Tour de France#Pollentier incident|Doping at the Tour de France - The Pollentier incident]]''
* [[Gilbert Glaus]] of Switzerland, the World Amateur Champion, tested positive for steroids.
* [[Jean-Luc van den Broucke]] of Belgium confessed that "In the Tour de France, I took steroids. That is not a stimulant, just a strengthener. If I hadn't, I would have had to give up. What do you think? I'm on the bike all year from February onwards, I have to do well in the classics in all the little races, and also in the Tour de France. On the first rest day, before we went into the Pyrenees, I had a first hormone injection. I had another one on the second day, at the start of the last week. You can't call that medically harmful, not if it's done under a doctor's control and within reason."<ref>Soetaert, Eddy: De biecht van Jean-Luc van den Broucke, ''Het Volk'', Belgium, 18 October 1978.</ref> ''See [[Doping at the Tour de France#Steroids and allied drugs|Doping at the Tour de France - Steroids and allied drugs]]''

===1979===
During the [[1979 Tour de France]], the leader of the mountains classification [[Giovanni Battaglin]] tested positive for doping in stage 13. He was penalized by 10 minutes in the general classification, lost the points that he earned in stage 13 and received 10 penalty points in the mountains classification.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1979/07/16/pagina-32/1049410/pdf.html|title=Battaglin positivo|language=es|work=El Mundo Deportivo|date=16 July 1979|page=32|access-date=8 September 2010}}</ref> Battaglin was still able to win the mountains classification.

[[Frans Van Looy]] and [[Gilbert Chaumaz]] also tested positive for doping during the Tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19790725-AE0025001&vw=org |title=Geen dopinggevallen in laatste Tourweek - NDC{{pipe}}VBK - De Krant van Toen |publisher=Archiefleeuwardercourant.nl |date=1979-07-25 |access-date=2012-07-10}}</ref> After the Tour de France had finished, [[Joop Zoetemelk]] was found to have used doping, which he confessed later. Zoetemelk was penalized by 10 minutes in the general classification, but kept his second place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19790816-AE0001002&vw=org |title=Zoetemelk geeft gebruik van verboden middelen in Tour toe - NDC{{pipe}}VBK - De Krant van Toen |publisher=Archiefleeuwardercourant.nl |date=1979-08-16 |access-date=2012-07-10}}</ref>

==1980s==

===1980===
* [[Vicente López Carril]] of Spain, died on 29 March 1980 aged 37 from a heart attack. His death was noted by [[Willy Voet]] in his book ''Massacre à la chaîne'' although he acknowledged the impossibility of proving the link between these early deaths and the drugs taken while racing.<ref name=autogenerated8>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/may99/may20.shtml |title=Cycling News review of ''Massacre à la chaîne'' by Willy Voet |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Freddy Maertens]] of Belgium, admitted to the French newspaper L'Équipe, after his retirement, that "like everyone else", he had used amphetamines in round-the-houses races but he insisted that he had ridden without drugs in important races - not least because he knew he would be tested for them.
* [[Dietrich Thurau]] ("Didi") of Germany tested positive on 3 occasions in 1980 and again in 1987.<ref>[[:de:Dietrich Thurau|German Wikipedia - Dietrich Thurau]]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bikecircle.com/forums/racing/27797-didi-admists-doping.html |title=Dietrich Thurau Admits Doping |publisher=Bikecircle.com |date=2005-10-21 |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730131708/http://www.bikecircle.com/forums/racing/27797-didi-admists-doping.html |archive-date=2012-07-30 }}</ref> After he stopped his career in 1989, he admitted in an interview in [[Bild]] that he used doping, and that most cyclists did.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/thurau-s-est-dope_t-19890209-Z01CY3.html|title=Thurau s'est dopé|agency=Agence France-Presse|work=Le Soir|language=fr|date=9 February 1989|access-date=28 September 2010}}</ref>

===1982===
* [[Maarten Ducrot]] was a Dutch professional [[road bicycle racer]]. In January 2000, on the Dutch TV-show ''Reporter'', he admitted that he had used cortisone and testosterone, as well as [[Synacthen]], "a very bad medicine", and he still regrets using it. Ducrot said he used synacthen in 1982 when he was an amateur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/jan00/jan1news.shtml |title=www.cyclingnews.presents the latest cycling news and analysis |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Ángel Arroyo]] of Spain, received a penalty for testing positive for the stimulant [[Methylphenidate]] (Ritalin) on stage 17 of the [[1982 Vuelta a España]].<ref name="lavuelta">{{cite web|url=http://www.lavuelta.com/05/ingles/historia/82infor.asp?a=1982&s=infor&t=infor&e=1 |title=1982 General Information |publisher=La Vuelta.com |access-date=2008-01-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104459/http://www.lavuelta.com/05/ingles/historia/82infor.asp?a=1982&s=infor&t=infor&e=1 |archive-date=2008-09-21 }}</ref> Three other riders also failed the doping test after stage 17 for the same drug: [[Alberto Fernández (cyclist)|Alberto Fernández]], [[Vicente Belda]] and [[Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez]].<ref name="lavuelta" /> Methylphenidate was a popular performance-enhancing drug in cycling at that time. Arroyo and his team denied the allegations and asked for a second analysis of the sample. The B analysis confirmed the first positive test.<ref name="lavuelta" /> Arroyo was assigned a 10-minute penalty and stripped of his Vuelta win which was given to [[Marino Lejarreta]]. With the 10-minute penalty Arroyo went down to 13th place in the overall classification.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.velonews.com/race/int/articles/9203.0.html|title=Heras won't be the first to lose the Vuelta after the fact|publisher=Velonews.com|access-date=2008-01-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071113064256/http://www.velonews.com/race/int/articles/9203.0.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-11-13}}</ref> The disqualification of the winner of the Vuelta has been called the worst scandal that has ever hit the race on the official La Vuelta website.<ref name="lavuelta" />
* [[Marc Demeyer]] of Belgium died on 20 January 1982, aged 31 from a heart attack. His death was noted by [[Willy Voet]] in his book ''Massacre à la chaîne'' although he acknowledged the impossibility of proving the link between these early deaths and the drugs taken while racing.<ref name=autogenerated8 />
* [[Steven Rooks]] was a Dutch cyclist whose professional career ran from 1982 to 1995. On the Dutch TV-show ''Reporter'' in 2000, Rooks admitted (together with [[Maarten Ducrot]] and [[Peter Winnen]]) that they had doped in their careers. Rooks said he used testosterone and amphetamines during his whole 13-year career.<ref name=autogenerated10>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/jan00/jan1news.shtml |title=Cycling News, January 2000, Dutch Stars Come Clean |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> In 2009, he extended his confession, by also admitting the use of EPO after 1989, which was something he took together with two other Dutch riders [[Gert Jakobs]] and [[Mathieu Hermans]].<ref name="Rooks admits to EPO use">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/rooks-admits-to-epo-use |title=Rooks admits to EPO use |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |date=19 June 2009 |access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Willy Voet]] wrote about [[Bert Oosterbosch]] riding the 1982 [[Grand Prix des Nations]] in his 2002 book ''Massacre à la Chaîne'' ("Breaking The Chain"). ''Oosterbosch was flat from the start due to the Synacten he had taken. The drugs initially blocked his ability to work hard. An hour after the injection it started working as planned and his tempo increased.''<ref name=autogenerated24>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/may99/may20.shtml |title=News for 20 May 1999: Willy Voet goes for the jugular in his book |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> Note - Voet may have been referring to the 1979 or 1984 events.<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite web|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/disparues/anc_gp_nations.php |title=Palmares of the Grand Prix des Nations |publisher=Memoire-du-cyclisme.net |date=2009-08-14 |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223120736/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/disparues/anc_gp_nations.php |archive-date=2012-02-23 }}</ref>
* [[Bernard Hinault]] refused to submit to a doping control at the 1982 Critérium de Callac and was fined and given a one-month conditional suspension.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dopeology.org/incidents/Callac-violations/|title=Callac violations . Dopeology|website=www.dopeology.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-29}}</ref>

===1983===
* [[Adri van der Poel]] the Dutch world cyclocross champion and Tour de France stage winner tested positive for [[strychnine]]. He said that his father-in-law had served a [[pigeon pie]] for Sunday lunch, and only when he tested positive did he realise that the pigeons had been doped with strychnine.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.01/dopingexcuses.html |title=Wired article 'The Doping Excuses Hall of Fame' |magazine=Wired |date=2009-01-04 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_19991212/ai_n13942989 The Sunday Herald, 12 December 1999 "A drugs cheat? not me!" by Richard Bath] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919005239/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_19991212/ai_n13942989 |date=19 September 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cadencenutrition.com/news/downloads/Doping_97_101.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105220922/http://cadencenutrition.com/news/downloads/Doping_97_101.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Cadence Nutrition, Pdf|archive-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref>
* Track rider [[Fernando Vera]] of Chile was disqualified after testing positive for a banned substance at the 1983 Pan American Games.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19830826&id=cU4tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VM8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1292,4317470&hl=no Caracas Crackdown On Drugs Continue] {{dead link|date=October 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Palm Beach Post, 26 August 1983</ref><ref>Frank Litsky: [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/26/sports/chilean-cyclist-is-disqualified.html Chilean Cyclist Is Disqualified], NY Times, 26 August 1983</ref>

===1984===
* [[Francesco Moser]] of Italy broke the [[hour record]] of [[Eddy Merckx]] in 1984. In 1999, he admitted blood doping to prepare for the attempt, helped by sports doctor [[Francesco Conconi]]. Such doping had not been declared illegal at the time.
* [[John Beckman (cyclist)|John Beckman]], [[Brent Emery]], [[Steve Hegg]], [[Patrick McDonough (cyclist)|Pat McDonough]], [[Leonard Nitz]], [[Rebecca Twigg]] and [[Mark Whitehead]] of the U.S. admitted to receiving [[blood transfusions]] in preparation for the [[1984 Summer Olympic Games]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="LA Oly 1"/> (See ''Systematic Blood Doping'' below for details) The practice was not against Olympic rules although Games medical guidelines discouraged it. The U.S. team coach [[Eddie Borysewicz]] set up a clinic in motel room.<ref name="LA Oly 3"/> The US federation banned blood-doping in January 1985.<ref name="LA Oly 2"/>

'''Systematic blood doping at the [[1984 Summer Olympic Games]]''' in Los Angeles. The U.S. cycling team's successes were coloured by revelations that riders had blood transfusions before their events, a practice known as blood-doping. The transfusions were to increase red blood cells in riders' blood. That would take more oxygen to their muscles. They received the blood of others with similar blood types.<ref name="LA Oly 1">{{cite magazine|author=Bjarne Rostaing; Robert Sullivan |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1985/01/21/546256/triumphs-tainted-with-blood |title=The Triumphs Tainted With Blood |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=1985-01-21 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> The practice, instigated by national coach [[Eddie Borysewicz]], was not against Olympic rules although Games medical guidelines discouraged it. Borysewicz and a colleague, Ed Burke, set up a clinic in a Los Angeles motel room and four of the seven athletes who had transfusions won medals.<ref name="LA Oly 3">{{cite magazine|last=Sullivan |first=Robert |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997896-3,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026005323/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997896-3,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 26, 2012 |title=Time Magazine USA, 11 September 2000 Are Drugs Winning the games? |magazine=Time |date=2000-09-11 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> The U.S. federation banned blood-doping in January 1985. Borysewicz and Burke were fined a month's pay. Mike Fraysse, a former president of the federation, was demoted from first to third vice-president.<ref name="LA Oly 2">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9401E7D8143BF93AA25752C0A963948260 |title=Cycle Group Bans Use of Blood Doping |work=The New York Times |date=1985-01-19 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>

Riders who received transfusions included [[Steve Hegg]], who won a gold and a silver, and  [[Rebecca Twigg]], [[Patrick McDonough (cyclist)|Pat McDonough]] and [[Leonard Nitz]] who all won silver medals. The others who received transfusions were [[John Beckman (cyclist)|John Beckman]], [[Mark Whitehead]] and [[Brent Emery]].  The rest of the team had refused.<ref name="LA Oly 1"/>

===1986===
* [[Peter Winnen]] is a Dutch former [[road racing cyclist]]. He was professional from 1980 until 1991. In January 2000, on the Dutch TV-show ''Reporter'', Winnen admitted that he had doped. He came third in the 1983 Tour de France (undoped) but he said that in the 1986 Tour de France "I was very bad and had the choice: go back to home or to provide me with testosterone." - Winnen reached Paris. During his career with Raleigh, Panasonic and Buckler, Winnen used testosterone, amphetamines and corticosteroids.<ref name=autogenerated10 />

===1987===
* [[Kim Andersen (cyclist)|Kim Andersen]] of Denmark tested positive for doping in 1987, and was banned for life, a sentence that was later changed to a one-year quarantine. In 1992 he was tested positive again, and fired from his team. He rode as an individual for the rest of the year, before finally retiring.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Fakte, Danish Politik, Cycling article |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref>

===1988===
* [[Pedro Delgado]] of Spain tested positive for [[probenecid]] at the [[1988 Tour de France]]. Probenicid interferes with chemicals which the kidneys secrete, and thus aroused a suspicion that he was using it as a masking agent for steroid use. Though other sports governing bodies, such as the [[IOC]], recognized probenecid as a doping agent, the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] (UCI), which oversaw cycling, did not, and thus Delgado was allowed to continue in the event without sanction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/jul/03/July|title=1 Guardian, July 2003|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref>
* [[Gert-Jan Theunisse]] of the Netherlands tested positive for [[testosterone (medication)|testosterone]] in a [[blood test]] during the Tour de France and received a ten-minute penalty which moved him from fourth to eleventh place overall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abcc.co.uk/Articles/DrgsTdeF.html |title=Drugs and the Tour de France |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627210659/http://www.abcc.co.uk/Articles/DrgsTdeF.html |archive-date=2007-06-27 }}</ref> He admitted in 2000 to using illegal substances during his career, according to an interview published by the Dutch regional newspaper Dutch "Eindhovens Dagblad". He confessed "to having used a great deal of Celestone", a corticoid, but he denied having taken testosterone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/jan00/jan6news.shtml |title=Theunisse confesses |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2000-01-06 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Geert Van de Walle]] of Belgium died on 26 November 1988, aged 22, from a heart attack. His death was noted by [[Willy Voet]] in his book ''Massacre à la chaîne'' although he acknowledged the impossibility of proving the link between these early deaths and the drugs taken while racing.<ref name=autogenerated8 />
* In 1988, the first rider was banned for using EPO.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/archives/jan97/25_1.html |title=CyclingNews news article about the beginning of EPO testing |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=1997-01-25 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>{{citation needed|reason=This info has only been claimed by Cyclingnews. We need an additional source to confirm the name of the rider, and that he indeed used EPO in 1988.|date=August 2013}}

'''The emergence of EPO''' - In the late 1980s a recombinant drug created for people suffering from [[kidney failure]] became a substance abused by athletes seeking enhanced stamina and performance. The drug is recombinant [[erythropoietin]], known as EPO, which was developed by the [[Amgen]] company. Recombinant EPO is a bio-manufactured copy of a hormone normally produced in the kidney and was not detectable by any test at the time.<ref name=EPOref>{{cite news | title = Stamina-Building Drug Linked to Athletes' Deaths | work=The New York Times | date = 1991-05-19 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DF123DF93AA25756C0A967958260&sec=health&pagewanted=all | access-date = 2008-07-15| first=Lawrence M.| last=Fisher}}</ref>

EPO stimulates the [[bone marrow]] in order to increase [[red blood cell]] production and thus the body's ability to carry [[oxygen]]. A study of 15 Swedish athletes by the Stockholm Institute of Gymnastics and Sports found an improvement of nearly 10 percent in [[aerobic exercise|aerobic performance]]. "Average" red blood cell volume of the population at sea level is about 45% red blood cells. About 5% of the population has less than 40% red blood cell, which is defined as "anemia" and 5% of the population, including many world class athletes, have a natural red blood cells volume of 50%... 1% of the population has 54% red blood cell volume.

The increased thickness of the blood (above 70% red blood cells) increases the risk of [[blood clotting]] which can block blood vessels causing a [[heart attack]] or stroke, especially in the middle of the night when the heart's rate is lowest. Doctors and blood specialists concluded that the drug could have been implicated in the deaths of as many as 18 European professional bicycle racers between 1987 and 1991. One of them was [[Johannes Draaijer]], a 27-year-old Dutch rider who finished 130th in the [[1989 Tour de France]], and died from a heart attack in February 1990.<ref name=EPOref/> Although the autopsy did not specify the cause of death, Draaijer's wife later told the German news magazine ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' that her husband became sick after using EPO.<ref name=EPOref/><ref name=autogenerated4>[James Deacon & Paul Gains, A Phantom Killer, Maclean Hunter Limited, 27 November 1995, at 58]</ref><ref name=r1>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13488551.html Schlamm in den Adern]. Der Spiegel (1991-06-10)</ref><ref name=r1a>[http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=3951 Teil 3: Todesfälle (nicht nur) im Radsport und Doping – gibt es einen Zusammenhang?] cycling4fans.de</ref>

===1989===
* [[Laurent Fignon]] of France tested positive for amphetamines at the Grand Prix de la Liberation in Eindhoven on 17 September 1989.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE1D9173FF934A35753C1A96F948260 | work=The New York Times | title=SPORTS PEOPLE: CYCLING; Fignon Drug Results | date=7 October 1989}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Abt |first=Samuel |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/1993/09/29/bike.php |title=Fignon:French Cycling's Angry Young Man Coasts to the End of his Bumpy Road |work=International Herald Tribune |date=1993-09-29 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Bert Oosterbosch]] of the Netherlands died on 18 August 1989, aged 32, from a heart attack and poor health. His death was noted by [[Willy Voet]] in his book ''Massacre à la chaîne'' (translated as "Breaking the Chain") although he acknowledged the impossibility of proving the link between these early deaths and the drugs taken while racing.<ref name=autogenerated8 /> It is widely presumed, but not proven, that the death is attributable to EPO use<ref name=autogenerated22>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/archives/jan97/doping1.html |title=Cycling News - news article on EPO deaths |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=1997-01-23 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2003/06/29/sotour29.xml |title=Daily Telegraph, "Tour de France: Cycle of cynicism keeps rolling on" by Simon Hart 28 June 2003 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=2012-07-17 |location=London}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> but this is disputed.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ns4u0-N0q4MC&pg=PA190 |title=Lactate Threshold Training By Peter Janssen, Peter G. J. M. Janssen, p. 190 |year=2001 |publisher=Human Kinetics |isbn=978-0-7360-3755-6 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> Voet also talked about Oosterbosch riding the 1982 [[Grand Prix des Nations]]. ''Oosterbosch was flat from the start due to the Synacten he had taken. The drugs initially blocked his ability to work hard. An hour after the injection it started working as planned and his tempo increased.''<ref name=autogenerated24 /> In fact, Voet may have been referring to the 1979 or 1984 events.<ref name=autogenerated6 />
* [[Johan van der Velde]] of the Netherlands undertook hospital treatment for his addiction to [[amphetamines]] at the end of his career. He said in an interview with the author [[Jan Siebelink]] ("Pijn is genot") that he had trouble coping when that success began to dry up. Van der Velde said he remembered shivering at the start of an Italian race, the skin of his arms wrinkled in goosebumps, because of the amphetamine he had taken just to start. He was also disqualified from the 1981 Liège–Bastogne–Liège race.<ref name="Wikiwix's cache"/>
* [[Sean Yates]] tested positive in the first stage of Torhout-Werchter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/delgado-rehabilite-sean-yates-positif-au-t-w-classic_t-19891011-Z021PC.html|title=DELGADO REHABILITE - SEAN YATES POSITIF AU T-W CLASSIC|work=Le Soir|language=fr|date= 11 October 1989|access-date=28 September 2010}}</ref>

==1990s==

===1990===
* [[Johannes Draaijer]] from the Netherlands. It is widely presumed, but not proven, that his death was attributable to EPO use.<ref name=EPOref/><ref name=autogenerated22 /> The autopsy did not specify the cause of death, but Draaijer's wife later told the German news magazine, [[Der Spiegel]], that her husband became sick after using EPO.<ref name=autogenerated4 />
* Belgian [[Nico Emonds]] tested positive after winning the third stage of the [[1990 Vuelta a España]]. He was stripped from his victory and set to the last place of the stage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/dans-les-pelotons-emonds-puni-kelly-va-mieux-..._t-19900505-Z02N21.html|title=DANS LES PELOTONS : EMONDS PUNI/KELLY VA MIEUX/..|language=fr|date=5 May 1990|access-date=28 September 2010|work=Le Soir}}</ref>
* [[Steven Rooks]] was a Dutch cyclist whose professional career ran from 1982 to 1995. On the Dutch TV-show ''Reporter'' in 2000, Rooks admitted (together with [[Maarten Ducrot]] and [[Peter Winnen]]) that they had doped in their careers. Rooks said he used testosterone and amphetamines during his whole 13-year career.<ref name="autogenerated10"/> In 2009, he extended his confession, by also admitting the use of EPO after 1989, which was something he took together with two other Dutch riders [[:nl:Gert Jakobs|Gert Jakobs]] and [[Mathieu Hermans]].<ref name="Rooks admits to EPO use"/>

'''The PDM Affair''', In November 1997, [[Cyclingnews.com]] reported about an inquiry that had just been made public in [[The Netherlands]].<ref name="scandal">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/archives/nov97/nov28a.html|title=Drug Scandal in the Netherlands|publisher=cyclingnews.com|access-date=2007-11-11}}</ref> This inquiry appeared to reveal doping in the [[PDM (cycling team)|PDM cycling team]]. The doctor of the team from between 1990 and 1991 was Wim Sanders who was the centre of the investigation which was reported to have been initiated when the General Manager of the team, Manfred Krikke, called the [[FIOD-ECD|FIOD]] (Fiscal Information and Investigation Service) to investigate the medical business of the team. It was said that Wim Sanders supplied anabolic steroids and EPO to the team and was responsible for the "intralipid affair" of the [[1991 Tour de France]],<ref name="scandal"/> when the entire team withdrew due to what was reported at the time as food poisoning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/1991/07/17/tour.php |title=Illness Forces Breukink out of Tour |work=International Herald Tribune |access-date=2007-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061122034730/http://www.iht.com/articles/1991/07/17/tour.php |archive-date=November 22, 2006 }}</ref> In a 2008 TV documentary;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geschiedenis.vpro.nl/programmas/2899536/afleveringen/38951974/|title=''De bedorven kip van PDM'', in Andere Tijden; broadcast on 17 January 2008|publisher=NOS/VPRO, Dutch public television|access-date=2008-04-01|language=nl}}</ref> team members and team doctor Wim Sanders explain how the cause was in fact careless storage of [[Intralipid]], a nutritional aid with which the team members had been injected.<ref name="scandalthree">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/archives/nov97/nov29a.html|title=The Dutch Doping Scandal – Part 3|publisher=cyclingnews.com|access-date=2007-11-11}}</ref>

According to cyclingnews.com, 1990 was the height of the drug taking in the team and during this year, two riders had to stop with acute heart problems;<ref name="scandal"/> whether this refers to stopping with professional cycling or performance-enhancing drugs is unclear. Team manager Gisbers denied any knowledge of doping in the team.<ref name="scandalthree"/>

===1991===
* [[Carey Hall]], an Australian track cyclist, tested positive for the use of banned substances and lost the medal he won in the World Championship at Stuttgart and placed on probation for 6 months.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE3D9103BF934A2575BC0A967958260&n |title=SPORTS PEOPLE: CYCLING; Two Positive Tests |work=The New York Times |date=1991-08-17 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Sean Kelly (cyclist)|Sean Kelly]] of Ireland was described in Willy Voet's book 'Massacre à la Chaine': He won the Tour of Lombardy three times (1983, 1985, 1991 (also won amateur version in 1976)) and on at least one occasion he did it with the help of a corticoide injection. Kelly was controlled positive after Paris–Brussels in 1984 and that came as a surprise because he used the urine of a mechanic. But the mechanic was using a banned substance himself because he had to work long hours at night and needed the lift to stay awake."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/may99/may20.shtml |title=Cycling News, May 1999, Cycling News and Analysis, Willy Voet goes for the jugular in his book |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Stephen Pate]], the Australian track cyclist, tested positive for the use of banned substances and lost the medal he won in the World Championship at Stuttgart and placed on probation for 6 months.<ref name=autogenerated3 />
* [[Jesper Skibby]] of Denmark released his autobiography in November 2006, in which he confessed<ref>{{cite news|last=Baunø |first=Piet |title=Jesper Skibby indrømmer dopingmisbrug |language=da |work=[[Ekstra Bladet]] |date=2006-11-19 |url=http://ekstrabladet.dk/sport/cykling/article244809.ece |access-date=2006-11-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410045314/http://ekstrabladet.dk/sport/cykling/article244809.ece |archive-date=April 10, 2007 }}</ref> to having used doping for more than 10 years. In 1991 he started using steroids, in 1992 growth hormones and testosterone, and finally by 1993 he was also using EPO. He claimed that he requested the drugs himself, and he did not name any other riders or contacts in the book.

'''PDM'''. Some teams used sophisticated recovery techniques whereby riders were put on a drip during the night and fed nutrients such as Vitamin B12. This practice was blamed when the entire PDM team went down with a fever on the 10th Stage of the Tour de France. PDM management blamed a virus although only riders were infected. Ten days later a press release stated that the team had used recovery substances which were past their sell-by date.<ref name="abcc01"/>

===1992===
* [[Jesper Worre]] from Denmark tested positive for use of [[amineptine]], a stimulant drug, which had been prohibited on 1 January that same year. He admitted the offence and received a conditional quarantine. He is now particularly known for his strong and uncompromising struggle against the use of doping in professional cycling.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Danish Politik, Cycling article |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/dec07/dec12news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-12-12 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Óscar Vargas (cyclist)|Óscar Vargas]] tested positive for caffeine after winning stage 20 of the [[1992 Vuelta a España]]. He was stripped of his result and given a three-month suspension.<ref>{{cite news |title=Óscar Vargas, positivo |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1992/05/29/deportes/707090408_850215.html |newspaper=[[El País]] |access-date=12 March 2019 |language=es |date=29 May 1992}}</ref>

===1993===
* [[Claudio Chiappucci]] from Italy, confessed in 1997 that he had used drugs from 1993 to 1995, but later retracted that statement.<ref name="hbvl">[http://limburg.hbvl.be/nieuws-sport-wielrennen/2004/03/11/vrijgesproken-conconi-moreel-veroordeeld-door-italiaanse-gerecht.html Vrijgesproken Conconi moreel veroordeeld door Italiaanse gerecht] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927010021/http://limburg.hbvl.be/nieuws-sport-wielrennen/2004/03/11/vrijgesproken-conconi-moreel-veroordeeld-door-italiaanse-gerecht.html |date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> Chiappucci used the practice of Doctor [[Conconi]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Cees Beers |url=http://www.prorider.org/chiapucci.htm |title=Chiapucci |publisher=Prorider.org |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221102/http://www.prorider.org/chiapucci.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who was accused of providing [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] to cyclists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.team-csc.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5013 |title=Doping affairs in cycling from 1980-1998 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928012004/http://www.team-csc.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5013 |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |access-date=2017-05-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wilhelm-gym.de/html/sport/doping/it28_10.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051108213406/http://www.wilhelm-gym.de/html/sport/doping/it28_10.htm|url-status=dead|title=Conconi wird wegen Epo-Dopings der Prozess gemacht|archive-date=November 8, 2005}}</ref> Conconi was found 'morally guilty', but was acquitted, because the evidence was considered insufficient to definitively prove that his involvement led to the deliberate ingestion of drugs by riders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/mar04/mar20news1 |title=Judge calls Italian professor 'morally guilty' |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525133043/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/mar04/mar20news1 |archive-date=2012-05-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The judge had looked at medical reports of 33 cyclists in the period 1993–1995, including Chiappucci's, and all blood tests showed largely fluctuating hematocrit-values, indicative for EPO-use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dewielersite.nl/db2/wielersite/nieuwsfiche.php?nieuwsid=1203 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801124415/http://www.dewielersite.nl/db2/wielersite/nieuwsfiche.php?nieuwsid=1203 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-01 |title=Conconi vrijgesproken na proces van vijf jaar |language=nl |publisher=Dewielersite.nl |date=2004-03-20 |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref>
* [[Lennie Kristensen]] from Denmark tested positive for a stimulant drug. The Danish Cycling organisation banned him but the UCI did not.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Danish Politics, Cycling article |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref>
* [[Stephen Roche]] of Ireland. According to an investigation in Italy into the practices of [[Francesco Conconi]], Roche was involved in the case, having received EPO in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-kingdom.ie/news/story.asp?j=12987|title=Tour de Farce as Roche linked to doping scandal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223836/http://www.the-kingdom.ie/news/story.asp?j=12987|archive-date=2007-09-27}}</ref> In May 1990, [[Paul Kimmage]] published ''[[Rough Ride (book)|Rough Ride]]'' exposing apparently endemic drug use in the peloton, and Roche threatened litigation. It was reported in the Rome newspaper, [[la Repubblica]], in January 2000 that [[Francesco Conconi]], a professor at the [[University of Ferrara]] involved with administering EPO to riders on the {{UCI team code|CAR|1989}} with which Roche had some of his best years, had provided riders including Roche with EPO. Roche denied the allegations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2000/0103/sport.html|title=Sport: Roche denies use of E.P.O|publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann|access-date=2008-04-11|date=3 January 2000}}</ref> This was further reported in the [[Irish Times]] several days later, Roche again denying EPO.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/2000/0109/doping.html |title=Cycling: Roche's name again to forefront in doping investigation |publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann |access-date=2008-04-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010830110158/http://www.rte.ie/sport/2000/0109/doping.html |archive-date=August 30, 2001 }}</ref> In March 2000 the Italian judge Franca Oliva published a report detailing the investigation into sports doctors including Conconi.<ref name="sportpro">{{cite web|url=http://www.sportpro.it/doping/inchieste/procuraconidicenta05.htm|title=Ufficio della procura antidoping del coni|publisher=sportpro.it|access-date=2007-07-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234504/http://www.sportpro.it/doping/inchieste/procuraconidicenta05.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-09-27}}</ref> This official judicial investigation concluded that Roche was administered EPO in 1993, his last year in the peloton.<ref name="times1">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article1052710.ece?token=null&offset=12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516014152/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article1052710.ece?token=null&offset=12|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 16, 2009|title=Sad end to Roche's road|work=The Times|access-date=2007-07-20 | location=London | first=David | last=Walsh | date=28 March 2004}}</ref> Files part of the investigation allegedly detail a number of aliases for Roche including Rocchi, Rossi, Rocca, Roncati, Righi and Rossini.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2000/0109/sport.html|title=Roche's name again to forefront in doping investigation|publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann|access-date=2007-07-20|date=9 January 2000}}</ref> In 2004 Judge Oliva alleged that Roche had taken EPO during 1993 but due to the statute of limitations, neither Roche nor his teammates at Carrera would be prosecuted.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/tv/20moments/moment_00s_stephen_roche.html|title=No.12 - Tour de France winner Stephen Roche denies allegations by an Italian judge of taking performance enhancing drugs|publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann|access-date=2008-04-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331083049/http://www.rte.ie/tv/20moments/moment_00s_stephen_roche.html|archive-date=2008-03-31}}</ref>

===1994===
* [[Joachim Halupczok]] from Poland - died, aged 26, on 5 February 1994. In 1988 he was the World Champion cyclist, Olympic Silver medalist, and was voted 'best athlete in Poland'. In 1990 he turned professional and took part in the World Championships in Japan, but in autumn that year health problems (heart arrhythmia) caused his retirement from the sport, aged 24. It was suspected that the problems was associated with the abuse of drugs (EPO).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olimpijski.pl/pl/subpages/displayfid/294_785.html |title=tytu?=Sylwetka Halupczoka Polish Olympic Committee, 2008-01-08 |publisher=Olimpijski.pl |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219184308/http://www.olimpijski.pl/pl/subpages/displayfid/294_785.html |archive-date=2012-02-19 }}</ref><ref>[[:pl:Joachim Halupczok|Joachim Halupczok at Polish Wikipedia]]</ref> His death was also noted by disgraced soigneur [[Willy Voet]] in his book ''Massacre à la chaîne'' although he acknowledged the impossibility of proving the link between these early deaths and the drugs taken while racing. Joachim never tested positive for EPO. Professor Romuald Lewicki from Zakład Medycyny Sportowej WAM in Łódź (Institute of Sports Medicine) claims that Halupczok's cardiac arrhythmia was genetic because his father and son suffer from the same condition
* [[Gianni Bugno]] from Italy in August was found positive to caffeine on the occasion of an anti-doping check.

===1995===
* [[Bo Hamburger]] from Denmark admitted taking EPO from 1995 to 1997 in his 2007 autobiography. He had vociferously denied taking banned substances throughout his active career.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news.php?id=news/2004/sep04/sep22news |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723142218/http://www.bike-zone.com/news.php?id=news/2004/sep04/sep22news |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |title=Cycling News - Bike Zone, September 2004 |publisher=Bike-zone.com |date=2004-09-22 |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref><ref name="HamburgerIHT">{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/07/sports/doping7.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906040101/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/07/sports/doping7.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-06 |newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]] |title=Danish cyclist Bo Hamburger admits using EPO in mid-1990s }}</ref>
* [[Marco Pantani]] of Italy recorded a haematocrit level of 60.1% in the Milan-Turin race in October.<ref name="abcc01"/><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000607/ai_n14319124 The Independent, 7 June 2000, Pantani faces trial for blood doping]{{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref>

===1996===
* [[Rolf Aldag]] of Germany admitted having used [[erythropoietin]] (EPO) in preparation for the [[1996 Tour de France]] on 24 May 2007. In the press conference with Erik Zabel, they said that he experimented with EPO.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite news| url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may24news2 |title=Zabel and Aldag confess EPO usage |date=2007-05-24 |access-date=2007-05-24 |publisher=cyclingnews.com |first=Susan |last=Westemeyer}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated12>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/6687307.stm |title=Zabel admits to doping at Telekom |work=BBC News |date=2007-05-24 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Udo Bölts]] of Germany confessed publicly on 23 May 2007 to having used EPO and growth hormones in preparation for the Tour de France in 1996 when he was with [[Team T-Mobile]], and continued in 1997. Consequently, Bölts resigned as the sports director of [[Team Gerolsteiner]] on 24 May 2007<ref name="SZ-2007-05-24">[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/weitere/artikel/754/115639/ Bölts tritt zurück - 24 May 2007 (German)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528001439/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/weitere/artikel/754/115639/ |date=May 28, 2007 }}</ref>
* [[Bert Dietz]] of Germany confessed publicly on 23 May 2007 to having used EPO in preparation for the Tour de France in 1996 when he was with Team T-Mobile, and continued in 1997.<ref name=autogenerated12 /><ref name=autogenerated14>{{cite news|last=Starcevic|first=Nesha|title=Two more former Telekom riders admit to doping|agency=Associated Press|date=24 May 2007|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/sc/news;_ylt=AqmFvq1S49.Q8FxHCAQQP8N.grcF?slug=ap-germany-doping&prov=ap&type=lgns|access-date=2007-05-24}}{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.pravda.ru/news/sports/22-05-2007/91911-telekom_doping-0 |title=Former Telekom rider Bert Dietz admits doping |publisher=English pravda.ru |date=2007-05-22 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Christian Henn]] of Germany used banned substances (including EPO) while riding for the T-Mobile team in the mid-1990s, which he admitted in May 2007.<ref name=autogenerated11>{{cite web|title =Brian Holm also admits EPO doping|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date =25 May 2007|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may25news2|access-date=2007-05-28}}</ref>
* [[Brian Holm]] of Denmark admitted doping during the 1990s in his 2002 autobiography. This did not cost him his job as manager for the Danish national team, despite some concern about him being a role model for the young riders. In May 2007 he admitted having used EPO on two occasions in 1996 at Team Telekom.<ref name=autogenerated5 />
* [[Levi Leipheimer]] of the United States used a banned substance as an amateur during the 1996 U.S. National Criterium Championships, when he lapped the field.<ref name="Levi wins US Title">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/29/sports/from-atlanta-to-wembley-winners-all.html?scp=1&sq=1996:%20THE%20YEAR%27S%20CHAMPIONS:%20From%20Atlanta%20To%20Wembley,%20Winners%20All&st=cse |title=Leipheimer wins US Criterium Title | first=Vincent M. | last=Mallozzi | date=29 December 1996 | work=The New York Times}}</ref> It was later reported by ''VeloNews''<ref>''VeloNews'', volume 26: issue number 1, January 13, 1997, pp 6-7: Velonotes: A USA Cycling disciplinary panel has recommended that Levi Leipheimer receive a three-month suspension and be forced to return his national criterium championship jersey. The decision came after a drug test conducted at the August 18 championship event showed positive. The panel's decision was upheld by USA Cycling executive director Lisa Voight, and the criterium title was awarded to Matt Johnson</ref> that Leipheimer tested positive for a banned substance after the Championship, and a disciplinary panel recommended that he return his title. The Leipheimer family confirmed the violation, claiming that Levi had innocently used the allergy medicine Claritin-D to relieve hay fever symptoms.<ref name="Levi used Claritin-D">{{cite news|url=http://www.mtstandard.com/news/opinion/article_4363ef99-e516-58b8-a37f-76f4a3ab2df8.html |newspaper=Montana Standard|title=letter to the editor (July 8, 2006)}}</ref> The family claim that USA Cycling later relaxed its standards regarding the use of allergy medicines; however, ephedrine remains a banned substance. USA Cycling's official records name Matt Johnson as the 1996 event's champion.<ref name="Matt Johnson US Criterium Champion">{{cite news |url=https://www.usacycling.org/forms/natchamps/1986-2000NatChamps.pdf |title=Official list of US Champions, USA Cycling |access-date=2010-06-11 |archive-date=2011-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010040735/http://usacycling.org/forms/natchamps/1986-2000NatChamps.pdf |url-status=dead }} Retrieved 6-8-2010</ref>
* [[Rita Razmaite]] of Lithuania tested positive for [[Bromantan]]. She was suspended, along with a Russian coach and a Belarusian doctor, by the International Olympic Committee.<ref>''The Independent'', (London), 3 August 1996, Bromantan is Russians' 'rocket fuel'
 by Pat Butcher</ref>
* [[Bjarne Riis]] of Denmark won the [[1996 Tour de France]] under the effects of EPO, [[growth hormone]] and [[cortisone]]. On 25 May 2007, he admitted "for a time doping was a part of everyday life for me".<ref name="protest">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/6915683.stm |title=Tour hit by fresh doping failure |work=BBC News |date=2007-07-26 |access-date=2007-07-26}}</ref>
* [[Filippo Simeoni]] of Italy admitted in 2002 that he was instructed by doctor [[Michele Ferrari]] in 1996 and 1997 on how to use the EPO and [[Human Growth Hormone]] that were prescribed. He also testified in court that he had used doping since 1993. Dr. Ferrari was also Lance Armstrong's doctor and this led to a public falling-out at the 2002 Tour de France.<ref name="cyclingnews">[http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/2002/feb02/feb13news.php Simeoni testifies: "Dr Ferrari prescribed EPO"], ''CyclingNews'', 13 February 2002</ref> In 2001 and 2002 Simeoni was suspended for several months for doping use.
* [[Erik Zabel]] of Germany, on 24 May 2007, admitted having used [[Erythropoietin]] (EPO) in preparation for the [[1996 Tour de France]]. In the press conference he said that he experimented with EPO for a week, but then stopped due to severe side effects. Zabel also publicly apologized for having lied about his use of EPO in the past.<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name=autogenerated12 />

'''The Telekom Affair''' – In May 2007, several former riders admitted to using banned substances (including [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]) while riding for the team in the mid-1990s, including [[Erik Zabel]], [[Rolf Aldag]], [[Brian Holm]],<ref name=autogenerated11 /> [[Bjarne Riis]],<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Former Tour de France winner Riis admits doping
 |publisher=Cyclingnews.com
 |date=2007-05-25
 |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may26news
 |access-date=2007-05-28}}</ref> [[Bert Dietz]], [[Udo Bölts]] and [[Christian Henn]] including the seasons in which Riis and [[Jan Ullrich]] won the Tour de France.<ref name=autogenerated14 /> Team doctors Andreas Schmid and Lothar Heinrich also confessed to participating and administering banned substances. The latter was Team Telekom's sporting director until 3 May 2007, when he was suspended following allegations published in former team member [[Jef d'Hont]]'s book.<ref>{{cite web|editor-first1=Gregor |editor-last1=Brown |first1=Susan |last1=Westemeyer|title=Heinrich follows Schmid's confession|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=24 May 2007|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may24news2|access-date=2007-05-25}}</ref>

On 25 May 2007, Riis issued a statement confessing to taking [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[growth hormone]] and [[cortisone]] for five years, from 1993 to 1998, including during his victory in the [[1996 Tour de France]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.team-csc.com/ny_news.asp?n_id=1337 |title=Team CSC Press Release |date=2007-05-25 |access-date=2007-05-25 |archive-date=2008-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522104016/http://www.team-csc.com/ny_news.asp?n_id=1337 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Earlier in the week, five of Riis' former teammates from Team Telekom confessed to having used banned substances during the 1990s when Riis won the Tour.<ref>{{cite news
 |url         = https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aG.4N3TyZIVM&refer=europe
 |title       = Riis, Tour de France Champ, Says He Took Banned Drugs
 |publisher   = Bloomberg L.P.
 |date        = 2007-05-25
 |access-date  = 2007-05-26
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930082459/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aG.4N3TyZIVM&refer=europe
 |archive-date = 2007-09-30
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/6692779.stm |title=BBC SPORT{{pipe}}Riis confesses to doping offences |work=BBC News |date=2007-05-25 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> Riis said that he bought and injected the EPO himself, and team coach [[Walter Godefroot]] turned a blind eye to the drug use on the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=309530&area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__sport/|title=Former Tour de France winner Riis admits doping|date=2007-05-25|access-date=2007-05-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214242/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=309530&area=%2Fbreaking_news%2Fbreaking_news__sport%2F|archive-date=2007-09-27}}</ref> Riis was removed from the official record books of Tour de France,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jun07/jun07news2 |title=Cycling News, June 2007 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-06-07 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> but in July 2008 he was written back into the books along with additional notes about his use of doping.

===1997===
* [[Djamolidine Abdoujaparov]] from Uzbekistan became the first rider to be disqualified from the [[1997 Tour de France]] for taking banned substances after testing positive for [[Bromantan]]<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960803/ai_n14070868 The Independent (London), 3 August 1996 by Pat Butcher - Bromantan is Russians' 'rocket fuel'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820152531/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960803/ai_n14070868 |date=20 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980127/ai_n9651405 The Independent (London), 27 January 1998 - Cycling: Tashkent Express derailed] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007144631/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980127/ai_n9651405 |date=7 October 2008 }}</ref> and the bronchodilator, [[Clenbuterol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/archives/tour97/stage7.html |title=Cycling News, July 1997, Uzbekistan's Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, expelled from the Tour de France for doping |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1998/jan98/jan27a.html |title=Cycling News, January 1998, Abdoujaparov out for a year |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> It was later revealed that he had tested positive for drugs after six races in 1997, including the Tour de France. He was subsequently banned for a year after the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] (UCI) appealed against a six-month ban imposed by the Uzbekistan Cycling Federation, claiming it was too lenient.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980127/ai_n9651405 The Independent (London), 27 January 1998, Cycling: Tashkent Express derailed] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007144631/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980127/ai_n9651405 |date=7 October 2008 }}</ref>
* [[Gilles Bouvard]] of France told French investigators in July 1998 that he had been supplied with drugs when he was on the Festina team in 1997<ref>{{cite web |title=The drugs scandal update |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1998/jul98/jul29.shtml |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |access-date=19 April 2019 |date=29 July 1998 |quote=They said that systematic drug taking within the team had been in place when they were with the team.}}</ref>  and also while he was on the Casino team during the Liege-Bastogne-Liege race in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=(Tour de France '98) Two more charged with Tour doping |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/07/98/tour_de_france/142958.stm |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=19 April 2019 |date=31 July 1998}}</ref>
* [[Brian Dalgaard Jensen]] of Denmark confessed in a DR TV documentary in March 2003, to using EPO during his career, especially during his 1997 success in Belgium. In 2004 he was awarded an anti-doping prize for his openness.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Danish Politics - News article |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref>
* [[Rune Jogert]] of Norway tested positive for Ephedrine during a stage race in Germany (the Berliner 4-Etappen-Fahrt). He was suspended for 2 months from 1 February 1998, fined 500 Swiss francs ($US345) and lost 15 UCI ranking points. Additionally the Norwegian Cycling Federation was fined 5,000 Swiss francs (about $US3,500) because it had not taken any action against Rune Jogert and not told the UCI.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980127/ai_n9651405 The Independent (London), 27 January 1998, Cycling: Norwegian rider also suspended] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007144631/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980127/ai_n9651405 |date=7 October 2008 }}</ref>
* [[Emmanuel Magnien]] of France admitted on 28 July 1998 that he had doped when with his former team Festina. {{citation needed| date = April 2019}}
* [[Michael Skelde]] from Denmark tested positive for testosterone.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=danish Politike, Cycling Article |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref>

===1998===
* [[Laurent Brochard]] of France was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 24 July he confessed being doped in the Tour by EPO, amphetamines, corticosteroids, nandrolone and Human Growth Hormones (HGH). He was suspended by the French Cycling Federation for six months from 1 November 1998 until 1 May 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4649|title=Doping cases: Laurent Brochard|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013|archive-date=7 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807142059/http://cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4649|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Francesco Casagrande]] of Italy was caught in March 1998 with a positive testosterone finding. He was suspended for 6 months, later increased to 9 months from September 1998 until June 1999, and sacked by Cofidis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/jan99/jan10.shtml |title=Cycling News January 1999 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=1999-01-10 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Laurent Dufaux]] of Switzerland was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 24 July 1998 he confessed being doped throughout the past 3 years with EPO,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jul-28-sp-7973-story.html|title=5 Cyclists Admit to Using Drugs|work=Los Angeles Times|date=28 July 1998|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> and received an 8-month suspension from 1 October 1998 until 1 June 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4610|title=Doping cases: Laurent Dufaux|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Pascal Hervé]] of France was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 25 October 2000 he admitted to doping (with amphetamines, cortisone and EPO) during the 1998 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclisme-dopage.com/actualite/2000-10-25-afp-yahoo.htm|title=Festina - Pascal Hervé: "Oui je me suis dopé"|publisher=Cyclisme-dopage.com|access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref> Beside of a short self-imposed suspension, he was given a 2-month suspension from 1 February until 31 March 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4612|title=Doping cases: Pascal Hervé|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Luc Leblanc]] of France, the 1994 world champion, admitted to the court in the Festina trial (after having retired in 1999), that he had used performance-enhancing EPO to prepare for the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España throughout 1994–1998.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/cycling/news/2000/10/24/virenque2/ |title=Virenque's confession exposes cycling's dark side |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=2000-10-24 |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020182113/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/cycling/news/2000/10/24/virenque2/ |archive-date=2012-10-20}}</ref> He claimed the reason he started to use EPO in 1994 (while riding at the Festina team), was because he achieved a clean 5th place in the [[1991 Tour de France]], and then for the subsequent two years suddenly found he could not keep up with the pace of the peloton without. "It is true, but I could have taken a lot more to win these races", said Leblanc. He was riding for [[Team Polti]] in the 1998 Tour, where he opted to abandon the race in sympathy with the Festina riders. Despite confessing to doping use when riding all the Grand Tours, he insisted to have won the Rainbow Jersey in 1994 without any help of illegal substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/oct00/oct25news.shtml |title=CyclingNews, 25 October 2000 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2001-02-01 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> As the statute of limitation was only five years in 1994, his confession came at a time when he anyway did not risk to lose his title. As his confession moreover came at a time when he had retired, his national federation did not bother to launch disciplinary proceedings against him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4609|title=Doping cases: Luc Leblanc|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234342/http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4609|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Rodolfo Massi]] of Italy was arrested by the French police in the 1998 Tour de France for possession of cortisone, and was alleged to have sold EPO to several riders. He was thrown out of the Tour while wearing the Mountain's jersey. He was however only convicted guilty of the first part of the charge, and along with a fine of US$1800 he received a six-month suspension from the Italian Cycling Federation from 1 November 1998 until 1 May 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1998/nov98/nov4.shtml |title=CyclingNews, November 1998 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Armin Meier (cyclist)|Armin Meier]] of Switzerland was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 24 July, he confessed using EPO throughout the past two years, along with amphetamines and growth hormones. He was suspended 8 months by the Swiss Cycling Federation from 1 October 1998 until 1 June 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4788|title=Doping cases: Armin Meier|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Christophe Moreau]] of team Festina was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 24 July he confessed to using EPO and amphetamines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980725/ai_n14163112 |title=Tour riders down wheels over drug use |publisher=London independent |access-date=2007-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511010226/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980725/ai_n14163112/ |archive-date=2009-05-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/1998/07/13/drugs.t.php |title=A hint of doping at Tour de France |work=Herald Tribune |access-date=2007-07-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220233521/http://www.iht.com/articles/1998/07/13/drugs.t.php |archive-date=February 20, 2008 }}</ref> He served a six-month suspension by the French Cycling Federation from 1 November 1998 until 1 May 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/1998-12-15_Sports_CYCLISME-1 |title=Dopage 2 |work=L'Humanité |access-date=2007-07-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929130731/http://www.humanite.fr/1998-12-15_Sports_CYCLISME-1 |archive-date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4788|title=Doping cases: Christophe Moreau|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Per Pedersen (cyclist)|Per Pedersen]] of Denmark, who raced the Tour de France on four occasions in the 1990s, and worked for Team CSC as a directeur sportif in 2001, confessed that he during his active career had used cortisone&nbsp;– but only in the days where it had not yet been added to the prohibited list of substances.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Politic Denmark, Cycling Facts |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/dec06/dec27news |title=Cycling News, 6 December 2006 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2006-12-27 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Didier Rous]] of France was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. He confessed using EPO in the Tour, and was suspended by the French Cycling Federation for six months from 1 November 1998 until 1 May 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4644|title=Doping cases: Didier Rous|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Neil Stephens]] of Australia was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team, and although admitting he had taken EPO intravenously, he claimed to have doped unknowingly as the team had told him it was vitamin supplements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1999/0719/sport/0008/index.html|title=Neil Stephens statement|language=de|work=Berliner Zeitung|date=19 July 1999|access-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050118223339/http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1999/0719/sport/0008/index.html|archive-date=18 January 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veloarchive.com/updates/index.php?ID%3D1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224110226/http://www.veloarchive.com/updates/index.php?ID%3D1998 |url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2011|title=1998 updates: 27/7/98|publisher=Veloarchive.com|date=27 July 1998|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> He was not suspended by his national federation, but decided to stop his active career at the same time he made his confession.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4645|title=Doping cases: Neil Stephens|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013|archive-date=2 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202152914/http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4645|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Richard Virenque]] of France was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 24 October 2000, he admitted using doping (EPO, cortisone, ACTH, and growth hormones) at the 1998 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/2000-10-25_Sports_-L-AVEU-Richard-Virenque-a-fini-par-admettre-s-etre-dope-Luc |title=L'AVEU Richard Virenque a fini par admettre s'être dopé. Luc Leblanc lui a emboîté le pas |work=L'Humanité |access-date=2007-12-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803230821/http://www.humanite.fr/2000-10-25_Sports_-L-AVEU-Richard-Virenque-a-fini-par-admettre-s-etre-dope-Luc |archive-date=August 3, 2008 }}</ref> On 22 December 2000, he was cleared by the French court from the criminal charge of "inciting the administration of doping and masking products to others and complicity in the importation of drugs".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/dec00/dec23news.shtml |title= Festina judgment handed down |publisher=Cyclingnews.com|access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref> On December 30, 2000, the [[Swiss Cycling|Swiss cycling federation]] gave him a nine-month ban and a 4,000 Swiss franc fine for his confessed doping use,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/dec00/dec30news.shtml|title=Virenque given nine month ban|publisher=Cyclingnews.com |access-date=2008-05-25}}</ref> which shortly afterwards was changed to a 6.5 months suspension by CAS from 1 February 2001 until 14 August 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4647|title=Doping cases: Richard Virenque|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Alex Zülle]] of Switzerland was ejected from the Tour de France on 17 July 1998 with the entire Festina team. On 24 July he confessed using EPO, growth hormones and amphetamines in the 1998 Tour. His [[Festina affair#Post-tour investigation|hematacrit level was recorded as 52.3%]], whereas the maximum allowed figure is 50%. He also stated in court by September 1998, that he has been employing EPO throughout the past four years (1994–1998); most lately it was administered to him by the Festina team doctor [[Eric Rijkaert]], and while riding for ONCE it was administered to him by the two team doctors [[:es:Nicolás Terrados|Nicolás Terrados]] and José Aremendi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/jan99/jan13.shtml |title=Cycling News and Analysis - News for January 13, 1999: Danish TV claim Riis used drugs in 1995 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=13 January 1999 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> He was suspended 8 months by the Swiss Cycling Federation from 1 October 1998 until 1 June 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=4648|title=Doping cases: Alex Zülle|publisher=Cycling4fans.de|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Stuart O'Grady]] admitted in July 2013, after publication that a retrospective test had found one of his samples from the [[1998 Tour de France]] positive for EPO, that he indeed had used this substance intensively during the two weeks ahead of the Tour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/i-doped-for-1998-tour-de-france-confesses-australian-cycling-star-stuart-ogrady/story-fngr0c3f-1226684658992|title=I doped for 1998 Tour de France, confesses Australian cycling star Stuart O'Grady|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref> At this point of time, the positive test was not perceived as an individual rider scandal&nbsp;– but more as proof for a collective peloton behavior, as the retrospective test actually had found 92% of the tested riders (35 out of 38) positive for EPO in this edition of the Tour. As the statute of limitation is 8 years, a disciplinary proceeding was not launched, but the rider decided to retire, and he was also asked to retire from his recently appointed post in the [[Australian Olympic Committee]].
* [[Nancy Contreras]] and [[Belem Guerrero]] were stripped from their medals won during the [[Cycling at the 1998 Central American and Caribbean Games|1998 Central American and Caribbean Games]], when they failed the doping test with [[Pseudoephedrine]]. Contreras have won the gold in the 500m time trial and Guerrero the gold in the points race and the bronze medals in 3000m Individual Pursuit and road race.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-758968|title=Escandalo por dopaje de mexicanos|newspaper=El Tiempo|language=es|date=1998-08-20|access-date=2016-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/85359.html|title=Soraya, octava mexicana con problemas de dopaje|newspaper=El Universal|location=Mexico City, Mexico|agency=NOTIMEX|language=es|date=2002-08-25|access-date=2016-04-16}}</ref> The Dr. José Angel Covarrubias, then Contreras doctor, was later sanctioned.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2002/11586.html|title=Gutiérrez compra votos con bebidas y prostitutas|newspaper=Cronica|last=Merino|first=Avelina|language=es|date=2002-04-19|access-date=2016-04-16|archive-date=2017-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110141302/http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2002/11586.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''[[Festina affair|The Festina Affair]]''' is the events that surround several [[doping (sport)|doping scandals]], doping investigations and confessions of riders to doping that occurred during and shortly after the [[1998 Tour de France]]. The affair began when a large haul of doping products was found in a car of the [[Festina cycling team]] just before the start of the race, which led to a large-scale police investigation against the Festina Team, this was followed by the re-opening of a separate police investigation case into the [[TVM (cycling team)|TVM team]], and a subsequent searching of many teams during the race for possession of illicit doping substances. The affair highlighted systematic doping and suspicion of a widespread network of doping in many teams of the Tour de France, and was characterised by the constant negative [[publicity]] of the cases, police searches of hotels, a spate of confessions by retired and current riders to doping, the detainment and arrest of many team [[personnel]], [[industrial action|protests]] by riders in the race, as well as mass withdrawal of several teams from the race.

===1999===
* [[Uwe Ampler]] tested positive for steroids and high testosterone level during the Sachsen Tour in August 1999. He admitted his error, blaming a cocktail of drugs taken during a bout of influenza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/aug99/aug9.shtml |title=Cycling News - August 1999 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Frankie Andreu]] admitted in September 2006 that he had taken [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] to help prepare for the [[1999 Tour de France]], when he was riding for the US Postal team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/12/sports/othersports/12cycling.html|title=2 Ex-Teammates of Cycling Star Admit Drug Use|date=12 September 2006|work=The New York Times|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/sep06/sep12news2 Cycling News - SeptEMBER 2006].</ref>
* [[Lance Armstrong]] tested positive for corticoids during the [[1999 Tour de France]]. The small amounts of corticoids in a urine sample were explained by the prescription for skin cream (saddle sores / boil / allergy) that he subsequently presented to the UCI, thus he was cleared of any offence. He later admitted that saddle sores were a cover story for actually doping.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/tour_de_france/400344.stm |title=BBC - Tour de France, 22 July 1999 Armstrong cleared over drug use |work=BBC News |date=1999-07-22 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Ludo Dierckxsens]] was removed from the Tour de France by his Lampre team after winning the 11th stage. At the post race drugs test he told the race doctor about his use of the corticoid [[Tetracosactide|Synacthene (Tetracosactide)]] under prescription to treat a knee injury from the previous month.<ref>{{cite news|first=Samuel|last=Abt|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDD1E3FF933A15754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon= |title= Rider for an Italian Team Is Ousted for Using Drugs |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1999-07-20 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Claus Michael Møller]] of the Dutch TVM team tested positive for banned substances and received a 2-year ban<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Danish Politike, Cycling article |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref>
* [[Marco Pantani]], winner of the [[1998 Giro d'Italia]] and the [[1998 Tour de France|Tour de France]], faced an automatic two-week suspension while leading the [[1999 Giro d'Italia]] for a suspiciously high red blood cell count (52%) which could have meant that the rider had taken the banned substance [[Erythropoietin|EPO]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Samuel|last=Abt|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE4D61539F935A35755C0A96F958260 |title=Racers Express Shock At Italian's Suspension|newspaper=The New York Times |date=1999-06-06 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Laurent Roux]] is a [[French people|French]] former [[road bicycle racer]]. In 1999, he was found guilty of using amphetamines in the [[Flèche Wallonne]] race, and was suspended for six months.<ref name=LR1>{{cite web
 |title=Cycling: Roux admits drug use and dealing
 |work=International Herald Tribune
 |date= 20 June 2006
 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/20/sports/bike.php
 |access-date=22 November 2007}}</ref> In 2002, he was again tested positive for [[amphetamines]] after an out of competition control,<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Laurent Roux non-negative for amphetamines
 |publisher=cyclingnews.com
 |date=30 June 2002
 |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2002/tour02/?id=news/jun02/jun30
 |access-date=22 November 2007}}</ref> and received a 4-year suspension.<ref name=LR1/> In June 2006 he confessed at a doping trial in Bordeaux, that while being suspended he had both consumed and sold the drug known in the peloton as "pot Belge" (a mixture of amphetamines, caffeine, and sometimes cocaine and heroin), and he also confessed, that throughout his active career from 1994 to 2002 he had used [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[human growth hormone]], [[cortisone]] and [[testosterone (medication)|testosterone]].<ref name=LR1/>

'''[[1999 Tour de France]]''' - In 2005 the French sports daily ''[[L'Équipe]]'' accused [[Lance Armstrong]] of using the performance-enhancing drug [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] during the race. For years, it had been impossible to detect the drug, called erythropoietin, until UCI began using a urine test for EPO in 2001. According to the newspaper, tests on 1999 urine samples were done to help scientists improve their detection methods. The newspaper said 12 samples had revealed EPO use, including six from Armstrong.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Cyclisme/DOPAGE_ARMSTRONG_2.html |title=L'EQUIPE.FR Cyclisme - CYCLISME - Dopage |work=L'Équipe |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906085738/http://www2.lequipe.fr/Cyclisme/DOPAGE_ARMSTRONG_2.html |archive-date=2012-09-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://velonews.com/article/8740|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508010255/http://velonews.com/article/8740|url-status=dead|title=VeloNews {{pipe}} L'Equipe alleges Armstrong samples show EPO use in 99 Tour {{pipe}} The Journal of Competitive Cycling|archive-date=May 8, 2008}}</ref>
In 2006 a UCI appointed independent lawyer, Emile Vrijman, released a report in 2006 claiming that Lance Armstrong should be cleared of any suspicion surrounding the retrospective testing of the 1999 Tour de France. Vrijman denounced the manner in which the doping laboratory in Châtenay-Malabry carried out its research, claiming that there were too many procedural and chain of custody gaps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/2006/jun06/vrijmanreport.pdf |title=Rapport Armstrong.indd |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-date=2012-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831133658/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/2006/jun06/vrijmanreport.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/may06/may31news2 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) rejected it, calling it ''defamatory'' to WADA and its officers and employees, as well as the accredited laboratory involved.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/jun06/jun03news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>

In that same year, a second French daily newspaper,  ''Le Journal du Dimanche'', reported that Spanish rider [[Manuel Beltrán]], Danish [[Bo Hamburger]] and Colombian [[José Castelblanco|Joaquim Castelblanco]] were suspected of being among those whose frozen urine samples reportedly tested positive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.velonews.com/article/8870/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423085506/http://www.velonews.com/article/8870/|url-status=dead|title=VeloNews{{pipe}}Beltran and others deny EPO use in '99 Tour{{pipe}}The Journal of Competitive Cycling|archive-date=April 23, 2008}}</ref>

==2000s==

===2000===
* [[Eugeni Berzin]] was prevented from starting the [[2000 Giro d'Italia]] because of Haematocrit level (due to the use of EPO) above 50%.<ref>{{cite news|author=CBC Sports |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/russian-cyclist-banned-after-blood-test-1.201753 |title=Russian cyclist banned after blood test |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2000-11-10 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2000/may00/may14news.shtml |title=www.cyclingnews.com news and analysis |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2000-05-14 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Neil Campbell (cyclist)|Neil Campbell]] tested positive at a World Cup track meeting in Turin on 13 July and at the British Championships on 29 July. Both samples showed higher concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) than permitted.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/newswire/2000/09/08/825253014632_afp/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010821220021/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/newswire/2000/09/08/825253014632_afp/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 21, 2001 |title=Campbell banned for a year|magazine=Sports Illustrated |date= September 8, 2000 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Jan Hruška]] from the Czech Republic was thrown out of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games after testing positive for an unspecified banned substance.<ref name=autogenerated13>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2000/sep/30drugs.htm |title=Rediff Olympic News - Roll of Dishonour |work=Rediff.com |date=2000-09-30 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Emmanuel Magnien]] of France was banned for three months by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) after testing positive for corticoids during Tour de France.<ref name=autogenerated13 /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics2000/cycling/897866.stm |title=BBC Cycling News - Sydney 2000 |work=BBC News |date=2000-08-26 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Tammy Thomas]], US track cyclist, tested positive for testosterone at the 2000 US Olympic trials, and in 2001 tested positive for a previously unseen steroid [[Norbolethone]]. She received a lifetime ban from the sport.<ref name=autogenerated19>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/dec06/dec15news |title=Tammy Thomas indicted in steroids case |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2006-12-15 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> She was sentenced to five years of probation and six months of home confinement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/17/sports/baseball/bonds-gets-probation-and-avoids-prison.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=tha27 |title=Bonds Avoids Prison Time for Giving Evasive Testimony |date=17 December 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=18 December 2011 |first=Jason |last=Turbow}}</ref>

===2001===
* [[Niklas Axelsson]] tested positive for EPO in the [[2001 UCI Road World Championships]] in [[Lisbon]] and later admitted his guilt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trap-friis.dk/cykling/sweden.Axelsson.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126195150/http://www.trap-friis.dk/cykling/sweden.Axelsson.htm|url-status=dead|title=Nicklas Axelsson - Sweden trap-friis.dk|archive-date=January 26, 2008|website=www.trap-friis.dk}}</ref> He was suspended for four years by the Swedish Cycling Federation but made an early comeback in 2004.
* [[Riccardo Forconi]] tested positive for blood doping/EPO use prior to the Giro d'Italia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://le-grimpeur.net/blog/archives/11 |title=Doping and climbing: Marco Pantani - part 1 |publisher=Le-grimpeur.net |date=2007-03-08 |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322160808/http://le-grimpeur.net/blog/archives/11 |archive-date=2012-03-22 }}</ref>
* [[Dario Frigo]] was expelled from the Giro d'Italia after police discovered banned substances in his hotel room.<ref>{{cite news|author=CBC Sports |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/giro-d-italia-stage-cancelled-after-police-raid-cyclists-hotel-1.291828 |title=CBC Sports News, June 2001 Giro d'Italia stage cancelled after police raid cyclists' hotel |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2001-06-07 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/jun01/jun09news.shtml |title=Cycling News June 2001, Frigo out of Giro for drug possession |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> In 2005 he was arrested and banned from the Tour de France after police found 10 doses of erythropoietin (EPO) in his wife's car.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tdfblog.com/2005/07/dario_frigo_arr.html |title=BBC - Tour de France news |publisher=Tdfblog.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Marcin Gębka]] of Poland was excluded from the 2001 Peace Race after failing a hematocrit test prior to the event. He was one of three riders for the Polish CCC Mat team who received a two-week ban.<ref name="Sosenka1"/>
* [[Bjoern Glasner]] of Germany and Team Cologne was excluded from the 2001 Peace Race after failing a hematocrit test prior to the event. He received a two-week ban.<ref name="Sosenka1"/>
* [[Bo Hamburger]] becomes the first rider to test positive for EPO under a new system introduced by the UCI in 2001. Hamburger was later acquitted by the Danish Sports Federation after irregularities in the handling of Hamburger's B sample analysis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news.php?id=news/2004/sep04/sep22news |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723142218/http://www.bike-zone.com/news.php?id=news/2004/sep04/sep22news |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Bike-zone.com |date=2004-09-22 |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref> Hamburger denied ever taking any banned substances, but in 2007 he published a book and revealed that he took EPO from 1995 to 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/07/sports/doping7.php|title=Turning Points 2014}}</ref>
* [[Pascal Hervé]] tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] after the prologue in [[2001 Giro d'Italia]].
* [[Roland Meier]] from Switzerland tested positive for EPO at the end of la Flèche Wallonne on April 18. The Swiss Cycling Federation (SRB) stated that the B sample 'counter-evaluation' {{Clarify|date=May 2015}} was carried out by the IUML (University Institute of Forensic medicine) in Lausanne and it confirmed the first analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/jun01/jun09news.shtml |title=Cycling News - June 2001 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> He was suspended for 8 months by the SRB.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010829/ai_n14419160 The Independent Newspaper, 29 August 2001]{{dead link|date=July 2012}}</ref>
* [[Marco Pantani]] was banned for six months after an [[insulin]] syringe was found in his room at the Giro d'Italia. On appeal the ban was lifted.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/cycling/news/2002/07/13/pantani_appeal_ap/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021022111912/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/cycling/news/2002/07/13/pantani_appeal_ap/| url-status=dead| archive-date=October 22, 2002|work=sportsillustrated.cnn.com/|title=Pantani's doping ban lifted after appeal|date=13 July 2002}}</ref><ref name="repubblica.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/online/sport/pantadoping/assolto/assolto.html |language=it |title=La Repubblica/sport: Revocata la squalifica a Marco Pantani |work=la Repubblica |date=2002-07-13 |access-date=2013-08-19}}</ref>
* [[Piotr Przydzial]] of Poland was excluded from the 2001 Peace Race after failing a hematocrit test prior to the event. He was one of three riders for the Polish CCC Mat team who received a two-week ban.<ref name="Sosenka1"/>
* [[Ondřej Sosenka]] of the [[Czech Republic]] was excluded from the 2001 Peace Race after failing a hematocrit test prior to the event. He was one of three riders for the Polish CCC Mat team who received a two-week ban.<ref name="Sosenka1">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/may01/may12news.shtml |title=Cycling News, May 2001, Peace race expels four |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bikeradar.com/blogs/article/save-the-hour-record-18316 |title=ProCycling - Bike Radar, Save the hour record |publisher=Bikeradar.com |date=2008-09-02 |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629210752/http://www.bikeradar.com/blogs/article/save-the-hour-record-18316/ |archive-date=2009-06-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Tammy Thomas]], US track cyclist, tested positive for a previously unseen steroid [[Norbolethone]]. She received a lifetime ban from the sport.<ref name=autogenerated19 />

'''[[2001 Giro d'Italia]]''' - The Giro was overshadowed by a series of scandals related to doping. Police raided the hotels of several teams during the race, uncovering a variety of banned substances. Italian [[Dario Frigo]], who was fighting for the race lead at the time, was expelled from the race as a result.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/giro-d-italia-stage-cancelled-after-police-raid-cyclists-hotel-1.291828 | work=CBC News | title=Giro d'Italia stage cancelled after police raid cyclists' hotel | date=7 June 2001}}</ref> The week prior to the raid saw [[Pascal Hervé]] and [[Riccardo Forconi]] expelled from the race after testing positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]. Italian police carried out anti-drugs raids on a number of hotels in the town of [[Sanremo|San Remo]] where the participants of the race were staying. About 200 officers were involved in the raid. Police officers search the rooms of riders from all 20 teams, confiscating medicines. The organizers decided to cancel the 18th stage after second-placed [[Dario Frigo]] was sacked by [[Fassa Bortolo]] team after illegal drugs were found in his room. Frigo later admitted carrying them as security in case he needed a boost during the final stages of the race. Italian [[Marco Pantani]] was banned for six months after an [[insulin]] syringe was found in his room. On appeal the ban was lifted.<ref name="repubblica.it"/>

===2002===
* [[Nicola Chesini]] was detained by Italian police as part of an investigation into the supply of performance-enhancing drugs during the [[2002 Giro d'Italia]]. Chesini was taken from his hotel near [[Cuneo]] after the fifth stage of the Giro d'Italia.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/1994653.stm|work=BBC News|title=Chesini arrested in drugs probe|date=18 May 2002|access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref>
* [[Stefano Garzelli]], the [[2000 Giro d'Italia]] winner, tested positive for the banned diuretic and masking agent [[probenecid]], and was expelled from the Giro d'Italia. He was given a nine-month ban.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,22131086-23218,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731023520/http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,22131086-23218,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-31 |title=Vinokourov tests positive |work=Fox Sports |date=2007-07-25 |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/riders/2003/interviews/?id=stefano_garzelli03 |title=Cycling News, 2003 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Jef D'hont]] was a masseur to professional cycling teams. In 1998, he was involved in a major doping scandal during the Tour de France, namely the Festina affair. For his involvement in doping in the [[Française des Jeux (cycling team)|Française des Jeux]] team, he got a 9-month prison term on probation in December 2000. In April 2007, he exposed the doping practices of the Team Telekom in the 1990s, and admitted his own use of amphetamines in 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/latest-dhont-book-tinkoff-say-yes-to-hamilton-and-jaksche-9346 |title=Bike Radar, Review of D'Hont Book |publisher=Bikeradar.com |date=2007-05-01 |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-date=2012-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516020540/http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/latest-dhont-book-tinkoff-say-yes-to-hamilton-and-jaksche-9346/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/mar07/mar26news2 |title=Doping in the 90s, according to Belgian TV |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-03-26 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Bas van Dooren]], mountain biker from the Netherlands, tested positive for EPO in 2002 from a test two days before the [[2002 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships]], where he finished 11th. He bought it in Germany via internet and replied that 'it was a gamble'. He was suspended for one year and ended his career.<ref name=tests>{{cite news|author=ANP |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/sport/nederlandse-mountainbiker-gepakt-op-epo~a612469/|title=Nederlandse mountainbiker gepakt op epo|publisher=de Volkskrant|date=24 November 2002 |access-date=9 January 2015|language=nl}}</ref>
* [[David McCann (cyclist)|David McCann]], from Northern Ireland, tested positive for the Norandrosterone in 2002 during the Tour of Austria, which returned a reading 3 nanograms above the permitted blood concentration of the substance. Laboratory tests showed the presence of a legal glutamine supplement he was using contained norandrosterone not listed on the label. This evidence led to him being given the minimum allowed six-month suspension and fined 2000 Swiss Francs.
* In 2002, [[Gianpaolo Mondini]] was sacked from [[US Postal Service cycling team|US Postal]] after it was revealed that police found EPO and growth hormones in his hotel room during the [[2001 Giro d'Italia]]. He admitted using illegal substances.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2002/apr02/apr07news Mondini sacked from US Postal].</ref> The [[Italian National Olympic Committee]] (CONI) demanded suspension of up to four and a half years for possession and use of the drug EPO and possession of insulin.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020406/ai_n12620807 The Independent Newspaper, 6 April 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815094255/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020406/ai_n12620807 |date=15 August 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Lars Brian Nielsen]] tested positive for high levels of caffeine and was removed from the Danish National Team for the World Championships in Ballerup in September.<ref>{{cite web|author=AF Anders Fuglsang |url=http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |title=Danish Politics - Cycling review |language=da |work=Politiken |access-date=2012-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003081333/http://politiken.dk/cykling/cykling_fakta/article312262.ece |archive-date=2008-10-03 }}</ref><ref name="LBN01">[http://autobus.cyclingnews.com.au/news/?id=2002/aug02/aug30news Cycling News, 2 August 2002]{{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref> It was the second time Nielsen has been caught relating to doping. In 1997, he was found to have taken nandrolone and was suspended for two years.<ref name="LBN01"/>
* [[Kirk O'Bee]] of the US tested positive for an elevated testosterone-epitestosterone ratio at the 2001 USPRO Championships in Philadelphia on 10 June 2001 and received a 1-year suspension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usantidoping.org/what/management/sanctions.aspx |title=US Antidoping Authority, Offences list |publisher=Usantidoping.org |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref> O'Bee declared that his positive drug test "resulted from a special training regimen recommended by his coach, which involved dietary supplements and exercise."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news/?id=2002/jul02/jul19news |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720180036/http://www.bike-zone.com/news/?id=2002/jul02/jul19news |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-20 |title=Cycling News, 19 July 2002 |publisher=Bike-zone.com |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref>
* [[Juan Pineda]] of the US tested positive for 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone at the First Union Invitational in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on 4 June 2002. He received a 2-year suspension on 25 September 2002 from the USADA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usantidoping.org/what/management/sanctions.aspx |title=Test results database |publisher=USAntidoping |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2002/sep02/sep26news |title=Cycling News, 2 September 2002, Pineda suspended for two years |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Piotr Przydzial]] from Poland (CCC-Polsat) tested "non-negative" for EPO, at the 55th Peace Race/Course de la Paix in the Czech Republic. He was tested after the fourth stage that finished in Chemnitz on 13 May 2002. Both Przydzial's A and B samples showed signs of EPO and he faced a two-year ban. Prior to the start of the 2001 Peace Race, Przydzial and Sosenka failed a hematocrit test (above 50%) and were not allowed to start.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2002/jun02/jun06news |title=Cycling News, 6 June 2002 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Raimondas Rumsas]] was given a four-month suspended prison sentence in January 2006 by the [[Bonneville, Haute-Savoie|Bonneville]] court for the importation of prohibited doping substances during the 2002 Tour de France where he finished third. His wife Edita was given the same sentence with a 3,000 euros fine on identical charges, while Polish doctor Krzysztof Ficek was handed a 12-month suspended sentence for prescribing the drugs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/4650428.stm|work=BBC News|title=Rumsas given suspended sentence|date=26 January 2006|access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref> Edita Rumsas was arrested and jailed for 3 months after French police discovered a cocktail of [[Doping (sport)|performance-enhancing drugs]] including [[growth hormone]] and [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in her car. She had claimed that the drugs were for her mother-in-law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2006/01/27/1556123.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419052813/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2006/01/27/1556123.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 19, 2008 |title= Cycling drug cheats handed suspended jail terms |work=ABC news |date=2006-01-27 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2003/jul/03/July|title=1 Guardian, July 2003, If this year's Tour de France is 100% clean....then that will certainly be a first. By Matt Seaton and David Adam|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref>
* [[Stefan Rütimann]] of Switzerland was given a 4-year ban by the Swiss Olympic Committee (COS) after testing positive for testosterone on May 5 during the Tour de Romandie. Rütimann declined to have his B test analysed, and was given a heavy suspension as he had also tested positive for banned substances in May 2001, when he was suspended for seven months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2002/jun02/jun11news |title=Cycling News, June 2002, Four year ban for Stefan Rütimann |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2002-06-11 |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Roberto Sgambelluri]] was expelled from the Giro d'Italia after becoming the first professional cyclist to be caught using NESP, a stronger and longer lasting form of EPO. However, NESP is not produced naturally by the body, and is therefore easy to detect by doping tests as it stays in the body for a long time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news/?id=2002/may02/may26news |title=Bike-Zone, May 2002 |publisher=Bike-zone.com |access-date=2012-07-17 |archive-date=2004-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040714025922/http://www.bike-zone.com/news/?id=2002%2Fmay02%2Fmay26news |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Gilberto Simoni]], the [[2001 Giro d'Italia]] winner, tested positive for cocaine and was withdrawn from the Giro d'Italia, but was later cleared by the Italian Cycling Federation.<ref name=tests/>
* [[Frank Vandenbroucke (cyclist)|Frank Vandenbroucke]] was arrested after the Belgium state highway patrol intercepted [[Bernard Sainz]] for travelling in excess of the speed limit and found a large quantity of amphetamines and syringes in the car. Sainz, known in the cycling world as ''Doctor Mabuse'', said he was leaving Frank Vandenbroucke's home, which led to the police searching the cyclist's residence, where they found [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[morphine]] and [[clenbuterol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jul07/jul11news2 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724204503/http://www.bike-zone.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jul07/jul11news2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 24, 2012 |title=Bike Zone, News, July 2007 |publisher=Bike-zone.com |access-date=2012-07-17 }}</ref> On 21 March Vandenbroucke was handed a six-month ban and a 10,000 [[Swiss francs]] fine by the Belgian federation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://velonews.com/article/2484|title=VeloNews article}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingpost.com/rider/article_004076.shtml |title=Frank Vandenbroucke admits use of doping |work=Cycling Post |access-date=2012-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Faat Zakirov]] was expelled from the Giro d'Italia after becoming the first professional cyclist to be caught using NESP, a stronger and longer lasting form of EPO. However, NESP is not produced naturally by the body, and is therefore easy to detect by doping tests as it stays in the body for a long time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news/?id=2002/may02/may26news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Bike-zone.com |access-date=2012-07-18 |archive-date=2004-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040714025922/http://www.bike-zone.com/news/?id=2002%2Fmay02%2Fmay26news |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/3748973.stm |title=Giro riders in doping raids |work=BBC News |date=2004-05-26 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bike-zone.com/news/index.php?id=2002/may02/may21news |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721003959/http://www.bike-zone.com/news/index.php?id=2002/may02/may21news |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 21, 2012 |title=Garzelli's counter-analysis due on Tuesday |publisher=Bike-zone.com |date=2002-05-21 |access-date=2012-07-18 }}</ref> He received a one-year ban plus a one-year suspended ban from the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) announced on 17 April 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/archive/2003/04/18/default_7.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610184824/http://www.abc.net.au/news/archive/2003/04/18/default_7.htm|url-status=dead|title=ABC News, April 2003, Russian rider receives one-year ban.|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|archive-date=June 10, 2008}}</ref>

===2003===
* [[Mario De Clercq]] of Belgium was implicated in a doping affair involving both trafficking and taking banned performance-enhancing drugs, human growth hormone and [[Aranesp]], a genetically engineered recombinant EPO. The ring included six riders plus four others including the chief defendant, Belgian veterinarian Jose Landuyt. De Clercq used human growth hormone and [[Aranesp]], a synthetic drug which increases red blood cell levels, which Museeuw obtained from Landuyt. On 24 January 2007, Museeuw confessed to these charges.<ref name=autogenerated20>{{cite web|url=http://www.dewielersite.net/db2/wielersite/nieuwsfiche.php?nieuwsid=5681 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803034055/http://www.dewielersite.net/db2/wielersite/nieuwsfiche.php?nieuwsid=5681 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-03 |title=Museeuw confesses to have used doping |language=nl |publisher=Dewielersite.net |date=2007-01-24 |access-date=2012-07-18 }}</ref> The court proceedings were adjourned until 23 September 2008, pending a ruling from the Constitutional Court on the point of law.<ref name=autogenerated16>{{cite web|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/23102007/58/museeuw-trial-suspended.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725124717/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/23102007/58/museeuw-trial-suspended.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2008|title=Museeuw trial suspended - Yahoo! Eurosport UK|date=25 July 2008}}</ref>
* [[Igor González de Galdeano]] of Spain missed the Tour de France because of a six-month doping ban imposed on him by France's Council for Prevention and Fight against Doping (CPLD) after testing positive for [[Salbutamol]] during the 2002 Tour de France, as well after the final stage of the 2002 Midi Libre.<ref name="Gald01">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/2702255.stm |title= Gonzalez injured |work=BBC News |date=2003-06-29 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/sports/othersports/09landiscnd.html?_r=1&ref=sports&oref=slogin |title=Landis Agrees Not to Race in Tour de France This Year |newspaper=The New York Times |date=8 February 2007 |first=Graham |last=Bowley}}</ref> The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] did not consider the Tour de France positive as a doping offense, and began a face-off with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which insisted the case was indeed one of doping. The UCI declared that there was no limit placed on the amount salbuamol used under prescription.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2003/mar03/mar24news2 |title=Cycling News, March 2003, Gonzalez de Galdeano facing possible suspension |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Philippe Gaumont]] of France admitted during police interrogation to an ongoing pattern of EPO use that continued into the 2003 Tour de France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/jan04/jan23news |title=Cycling News, January 2004 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-01-23 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> This was the end of a career in which in 1996 he tested positive for [[nandrolone]] in two races. In 1998 he tested positive twice for the nandrolone drug, but the case was dismissed. In 1999, a blood test conducted in the "Docteur Mabuse" justice case showed he was positive for [[amphetamine]]s. In 2005 he wrote a book, ''Prisonnier du dopage'' ("Prisoner of doping") describing doping methods, masking methods and financial pressures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abcc.co.uk/Reviews/prisoner_dope.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901015620/http://www.abcc.co.uk/Reviews/prisoner_dope.html|url-status=dead|title=ABCC review of ''Prisoner of Doping'' by Philippe Gaumont|archive-date=September 1, 2007}}</ref>
* [[Geneviève Jeanson]] of Canada recorded a hematocrit level in excess of the allowable limit while with the Canadian National Team preparing for the World Championships in Hamilton, Ontario, in late 2003. She was required to withdraw from competition for two weeks. She explained the finding by reference to an oxygen tent which she used as part of her conditioning and training program. After years of denial, in an investigative documentary broadcast on [[Télévision de Radio-Canada|Radio-Canada]] (the French-language [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]) on 20 September 2007, Jeanson acknowledged having taken [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] more or less continuously since age 16 (circa 1998).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/canadian-cyclist-jeanson-admits-to-doping-1.675372|title=Canadian cyclist Jeanson admits to doping |access-date=2007-09-20|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | date=20 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://velonews.com/article/13360|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229214554/http://velonews.com/article/13360|url-status=dead|title=VeloNews article|archive-date=February 29, 2008}}</ref>
* [[Jesús Manzano]] of Spain admitted doping during the 2003 season. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated that he was "Acquitted for legal reasons."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/> He is famous as the whistleblower of [[Jesús Manzano#Doping revelations|systematic doping in Spanish cycling]] and his statements led the [[Guardia Civil]] to conduct the [[Operación Puerto]] investigation around the sport doctor [[Eufemiano Fuentes]].
* [[Johan Museeuw]] of Belgium was implicated in a doping affair accusing him of both trafficking and taking banned performance-enhancing drugs. The ring included six riders ([[Mario De Clercq]], [[Jo Planckaert]] and [[Chris Peers]]) plus four others including the chief defendant, Belgian veterinarian Jose Landuyt. Museeuw used human growth hormone which he obtained from Landuyt. The police recorded phone calls where Museeuw spoke of ''wasps'' (the Dutch word ''wesp'' rhymes with aranesp), a codeword for [[Aranesp]], a synthetic drug which increases red blood cell levels. On 24 January 2007, Museeuw confessed to these charges.<ref name=autogenerated20 /> The court proceedings were adjourned until 23 September 2008, pending a ruling from the Constitutional Court on the point of law.<ref name=autogenerated16 />
* [[Scott Moninger]] of the US was suspended for one year due to contaminated supplements which contained the banned substance - 19-norandrosterone. These supplements were bought off the shelf of the local Boulder, Colorado supplement store. It was later proven by lab results from the same batch of supplements that the banned substance was not labeled on the product container. Although Moninger was suspended, he is considered to be a clean rider by his peers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=2388 |title=Pro Cycling News |work=Daily Peloton |date=2002-11-25 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/riders/2003/interviews/?id=moninger03 |title=Setting the Record Straight |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/features/?id=taintedsupplements |title=Tainted Supplements: Positive or not? - Part I |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2002-12-04 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Amber Neben]] of the US tested positive for the banned substance 19-norandrosterone after the Montreal World Cup race. Neben chose to appeal the case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and, in the meantime, accepted a provisional suspension which began in mid-July 2003. She claimed that it was the result of taking supplements which were contaminated with the banned substance. A formal hearing of the North American CAS Panel reported in October 2003, that a doping violation had occurred, but further stated that it was not an intentional doping violation. She was suspended for 6 months from any race activity dating back to the beginning of her voluntary withdrawal. In December 2007 Neben filed a lawsuit in a California district court against Hammer Nutrition, maker of Endurolytes, alleging that the product contained unlisted substances that caused all three plaintiffs to produce positive doping tests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=features/2008/neben_court_case08 |title= Neben, others sue Hammer Nutrition over contamination |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-03-07 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Chris Peers]] was implicated in a doping affair involving both trafficking and taking banned performance-enhancing drugs, human growth hormone and [[Aranesp]], a synthetic drug which increases red blood cell levels. The ring included six riders plus four others including the chief defendant, Belgian veterinarian Jose Landuyt. On 24 January 2007, Johan Museeuw confessed to the charges.<ref name=autogenerated20 /> The court proceedings were adjourned until 23 September 2008, pending a ruling from the Constitutional Court on the point of law.<ref name=autogenerated16 />
* [[Jo Planckaert]] of Belgium was implicated in a doping affair involving both trafficking and taking banned performance-enhancing drugs, human growth hormone and [[Aranesp]], a synthetic drug which increases red blood cell levels. The ring included six riders plus four others including the chief defendant, Belgian veterinarian Jose Landuyt. On 24 January 2007, Johan Museeuw confessed to the charges.<ref name=autogenerated20 /> The court proceedings were adjourned until 23 September 2008, pending a ruling from the Constitutional Court on the point of law.<ref name=autogenerated16 />
* [[Mark Roland]] of Australia was suspended for two years by the [[Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority]] (ASADA) in September 2008 for having used prohibited substances in 2003 and 2004, although he never tested positive. He was found to have used [[human growth hormone]] on two occasions in 2003 and the [[anabolic steroid]] [[DHEA]] twice in 2003 and once in 2004. The [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] applied an eight-year statute of limitations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/sep08/sep19news2 |title=Cycling News, September 2008 - Former Australian pro suspended |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Raimondas Rumsas]] of Lithuania received a one-year ban after testing positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] during the [[2003 Giro d'Italia]], in which he finished sixth overall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/07/01/891978.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717012901/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/07/01/891978.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |title=Disgraced Rumsas set for ban after EPO test confirmed - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2003-07-01 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Adham Sbeih]] of the US, a former U.S. national time trial champion, tested positive in August 2003 for EPO. He was the first U.S. cyclist to be found guilty of taking EPO and he received a two-year ban.<ref name=autogenerated15>{{Cite web|url=http://velonews.com/article/7245|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418034402/http://velonews.com/article/7245|url-status=dead|title=Velo News|archive-date=April 18, 2008}}</ref>

'''[[Oil for Drugs]]''' was an Italian doping case against doctor [[Carlo Santuccione]] and a number of accomplices, started in 2003. He was accused of administering prohibited [[doping (sport)|doping]] products to professional and amateur [[sportsperson|athletes]], to enhance their performance as well as being involved in doping network across Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=10163|title=The Sport of the Doctors|work=Daily Peloton|access-date=2008-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806053919/http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=10163|archive-date=2012-08-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2004===
* [[David Fuentes]] of the US tested positive for an anabolic steroid at the [[Redlands Bicycle Classic]]. He protested the USADA and controversially raced, and won, during this protest period. He was ultimately found guilty and sentenced to a two-year suspension that included the year of protest in which he raced and won. He was never ordered to return any of his winnings.{{citation needed|date = April 2019}}
* [[Lizandro Ajcú]] of Guatemala tested positive for [[Erythropoietin]] in the 46th [[Vuelta a Guatemala]] in 2005.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[Joey D'Antoni]], received a 2-year suspension on 24 September from the United States Antidoping Agency. The track racer from [[Raleigh, North Carolina]], tested positive for recombinant human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO)<ref name=autogenerated15 />
* [[Christophe Brandt]] of [[Belgium]] tested positive for [[methadone]] during the Tour de France. He believed the test was a result of a tainted nutritional supplement that he had taken to cure a liver problem. The chemist who had prepared Brandt's prescription confirmed he had been working with methadone on the same day that he had prepared Brandt's prescription. His Lotto team fired him, but after he was exonerated by the [[Belgian Cycling Federation]] he was rehired.
* [[Dave Bruylandts]] of Belgium tested positive for EPO use in 2004 and was banned for 18 months.<ref>[http://www.standaard.be/Artikel/detail.aspx?artikelId=GBL7G287&Snel=1] Belgian Standard</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/jul04/jul19news5Cycling |title=News - July 2004 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[David Calanche]] of Guatemala tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[María Luisa Calle]] of Colombia lost her bronze medal after testing positive for [[heptaminol]]. The [[Colombian Olympic Committee]] appealed the decision, and in November 2005 she got her medal back.
* [[Oscar Camenzind]] of Switzerland tested positive on 22 July for the banned drug [[erythropoietin|EPO]] and was barred from attending the Olympic Games. Although he accepted full responsibility for the positive test, his [[Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics|cycling]] career became questionable after being fired by his Swiss professional cycling team [[Phonak]]. Soon after this occurrence, he announced his retirement from [[cycling|professional cycling]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/cycling/3549628.stm|work=BBC News|title=Camenzind quits cycling|date=10 August 2004|access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/aug04/aug09news3|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|website=autobus.cyclingnews.com}}</ref>
* [[Stefano Casagranda]] and [[Martin Hvastija]] were asked to leave the [[2004 Tour de France]] after race organisers received a letter from Padova's financial brigade, saying the riders were under investigation in Italy on doping charges.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/3887583.stm|work=BBC News|title=Duo removed from Tour|date=12 July 2004|access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref>
* [[Yeisson Delgado]] of Venezuela tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[Carlos López González]] of Mexico tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[Abel Jocholá]] of Guatemala tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[Danilo Di Luca]] was not eligible to participate in the Tour de France as he was under investigation by Italian officials for doping. Di Luca was recorded in several phone conversations with [[Eddy Mazzoleni]] in which he allegedly talked about [[doping (sport)|doping]] products, the investigation led to Di Luca's non-participation in the 2004 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jun07/jun28news2/ |title=Cycling News article, 28 June 2007 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jun07/jun29news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Tyler Hamilton]] won the gold medal in the men's individual [[time trial]] at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]] in [[Athens]]. That medal was placed in doubt on 20 September 2004, after it was revealed that he had failed a test for [[blood doping]] (receiving blood transfusions to boost performance) at the Olympics. Two days after the announcement of his positive test result at Athens, the [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] announced that Hamilton would keep his gold medal because results could not be obtained from the second, backup sample. The Athens lab had frozen the backup sample, which made it impossible to repeat the blood doping test.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/4111071.stm Hamilton faces Greek drug probe], BBC on Monday, 20 December 2004.</ref> Hamilton also tested positive for [[blood doping]] at the [[2004 Vuelta a España]], where he won the April 8 stage. In April 2005 he was banned for two years for blood doping.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SPORT/04/19/cycling.hamilton/ |title=CNN Sports News, April 2005 |publisher=CNN |access-date=2012-07-18 |date=19 April 2005}}</ref> The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated that for [[Homologous Blood Transfusion]] he would be sanctioned to "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jesus Manzano]] of Spain [[Jesus Manzano#Doping revelations|exposed doping practices]] in a series of articles in the Spanish newspaper [[Diario AS]] in March 2004. This included his use of EPO, Cortisone, Testosterone, Human Growth Hormone, Nandrolone, Oxyglobin, and the extreme practices to administer them.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/cycling-manzanos-drugs-allegations-cast-new-shadow-over-cycling-567755.html |title=The Independent Newspaper, Cycling: Manzano's drugs allegations cast new shadow over cycling, March 2004 |work=The Independent |date=2004-03-27 |access-date=2012-07-18 |location=London}}</ref> The revelations were so strong that [[Jesus Manzano#Aftermath|Spanish investigations]] were begun, and these in turn led to [[Jesus Manzano#Operación Puerto|Operación Puerto]].
* [[Filip Meirhaeghe]] the Belgian Mountain biker, tested positive for EPO at an out of competition control on June 25, two days before round 5 of the mountain bike World Cup in Mont St Anne, Canada, which he won. The 33-year-old World Champion told the Belga newsagency that he will stop competitive cycling immediately.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/jul04/jul29news2 |title=Cycling News, July 2004 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-07-29 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Noel Armando Vazquez Mendoza]] of Venezuela tested positive for Erythropoietin and [[Nicethamide]] in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/> In July 2005 he was sanctioned by the Federacion Venezolana De Ciclismo, involving a four-year suspension from 10 November 2004 to 9 November 2008, disqualification of the race, and a fine of CHF 1,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2005/jul05/jul30news |title=Cycling News - 30 July 2005 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[David Millar]] of Great Britain was preparing for competition in the [[2004 Tour de France]] and [[Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics#Track cycling|track events]] at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]] when police searched his house in June 2004, finding used [[Epogen]] syringes. Millar confessed to the use of [[erythropoietin|EPO]] on three occasions: in August 2001 before the [[2001 Vuelta a España|Vuelta a España]], in May 2003 before the [[Critérium du Dauphiné|Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré]] and in September 2003 before the [[2003 UCI Road World Championships|World men's individual time trial championships]]. He was handed a two-year suspension.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kingpharmacyky.com/|title=King Pharmacy Hazard/Hyden - RoadCyclingUK Gear news}}</ref>
* [[Janet Puiggros Miranda]] of Spain became the second Spanish athlete to commit a doping offence at the Olympics after also testing positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] during a pre-Olympic test. Like Gonzalez, she was withdrawn from competing (in the [[Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's cross-country|Women's Cross-Country]] race). She also denied the administration of a "B Test", which is used to verify the first drug test.
* [[Federico Muñoz]] of Colombia tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[José Reynaldo Murillo]] of Spain tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua"/>
* [[Santiago Pérez (cyclist)|Santiago Pérez]] of [[Phonak (cycling team)|Phonak team]] tested positive for a blood transfusion on 5 October, just over a week after he finished second in the [[2004 Vuelta a España]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/nov04/nov01news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-11-01 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Nery Velásquez]] of Guatemala tested positive for Erythropoietin in the 46th Vuelta a Guatemala in October 2004.<ref name="46thVueltaGua">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/jan05/jan01news |title=CyclingNews - January 2005 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Jeremy Yates]] of New Zealand who spent two years racing for Belgian teams, tested positive for high levels of testosterone after a race in Wanzele in March. The Belgian cycling federation banned him for two years plus a fine of $NZ900 plus costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/nov04/nov26news |title=Cycling News, November 2004, Yates banned for two years |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2004-11-26 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>

===2005===
* [[Erwin Bakker]] of the Netherlands tested positive for Testosterone at [[Mont Sainte-Anne]], Canada, on 26 March 2005, and for EPO on 23 June 2005 at an out of competition control. He was disqualified and sacked by his team, Heijdens-Ten Tusscher.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news/?id=2005/jul05/jul30news |title=Cycling News - July 2005 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated both "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years and life" respectively.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Roberto Ballestero]] of Costa Rica tested positive for [[Phentermine]] on 23 December 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Marc Lotz]] of the Netherlands resigned at [[Quick Step|Quick·Step - Innergetic]] on 1 June when [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] was found in his house and he admitted using. The team accepted his resignation and he was suspended for two years in general and for four years for the UCI Pro-Tour. On October 3, 2008, the Belgium court gave him a 16,500 Euro fine for possession of EPO.
* [[Ludovic Capelle]] tested positive for [[erythropoietin|EPO]] at a race on 7 June. He was initially suspended for 18 months by Belgian Cycling Federation but Capelle appealed his ban on a technicality. In the middle of December the Belgian Council of State overturned the suspension and Capelle was cleared on a procedural error of a testing officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/dec05/dec13news2 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2005-12-13 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Maurizio Carta]] of Poland tested positive for [[Clostebol]] on 24 September 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Ferney Orlando Bello Clavijo]] of Colombia tested positive for Stanozolol on 9 August 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for life".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Barry Forde]] of Barbados tested positive for [[Testosterone]] on 28 October 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years and 2 months".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Evgeni Petrov (cyclist)|Evgeni Petrov]] was ejected from the 2005 Tour de France on stage 10. Tests carried out in the morning found his haemetocrit to be over the legal 50% level. He was banned from cycling for two weeks 'for health reasons'.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2005/tour05/news/?id=/news/2005/jul05/jul12news3|title=High haematocrit for Petrov|date=2005-07-12|work=CyclingNews|access-date=2011-01-18}}</ref>
* [[Dario Frigo]], was ejected from the 2005 Tour de France before the start of stage 11. Police found ten doses of [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in his wife's car as part of a border-crossing search. The couple were arrested for carrying prohibited substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/jul08/jul02news2 |title=Cycling News, July 2008 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-07-02 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> In September 2008 the court in [[Albertville]] gave him and his wife, Susanna, a six-month suspended prison sentence and an €8757 fine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/sep08/sep16news2 |title=French court gives Frigo six-month sentence |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-09-16 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Fabrizio Guidi]] tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] on 17 August. The test was taken at the [[HEW Cyclassics]] on 31 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/aug05/aug17news3 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2005-08-17 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> Guidi's B test came back negative for EPO and the team's temporary suspension against him was lifted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/oct05/oct01news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Fredy Hamlet]] of France tested positive for [[Heptaminol]] on 16 July 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 1 year".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Nelito Hereida]] of the Dominican Republic tested positive for EPO on 17 September 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for life".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Roberto Heras]], the winner of an unprecedented fourth [[Vuelta a España]], tested positive for [[erythropoietin|EPO]] prior to the penultimate stage of the [[2005 Vuelta a España]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://velonews.com/article/9142|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524211207/http://velonews.com/article/9142|url-status=dead|title=VeloNews{{pipe}}Heras Vuelta sample positive{{pipe}}The Journal of Competitive Cycling|archive-date=May 24, 2008}}</ref> He was stripped of his 2005 Vuelta win and the victory was given to Russian [[Denis Menchov]]. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Danilo Hondo]] of Germany tested positive for the stimulant [[Carphedone]] at the Vuelta de Murcia and subsequently received a 2-year suspension.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cicloweb.it/viewcic.php?key_prog=322|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629062236/http://www.cicloweb.it/viewcic.php?key_prog=322|url-status=dead|title=Cicloweb Database|archive-date=June 29, 2008}}</ref>
* [[Giorgio Landaeta]] of Venezuela tested positive for [[Norandrosterone]] and [[Noreticholanolone]] on 30 August 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Iñigo Landaluze]], made his breakthrough by winning the 2005 [[Critérium du Dauphiné|Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré]], but it was soon announced he had tested positive for abnormally high [[testosterone]] and was suspended from racing until his case was heard out. In 2006, however, he was cleared to return to racing after he showed that the lab conducting tests committed procedural errors. The UCI then failed to show that those errors did not affect the outcome of the tests. The CAS panel reviewing the case said that it was "probable" that Landaluze had committed a doping violation, but the UCI had failed to meet its burden of proof in the case. New revisions to the WADA Code would suggest that Landaluze would have lost his case under the new rules.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.velonews.com/article/11366|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012215604/http://www.velonews.com/article/11366|url-status=dead|title=Velo News, 20 December 2006, 'Landaluze wins testosterone case'|archive-date=October 12, 2008}}</ref> The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states 'Acquitted for legal reasons'<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jenaro Ramos Lozano]] of Spain tested positive for [[Stanozolol]] on 8 April 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Gabriel Pop]] of Romania "Failed to Comply" with test procedures on 22 April 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jorge Coto Riviera]] of Costa Rica tested positive for [[testosterone]] on 23 December 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Sandro Rodriguez]] of Bolivia tested positive for [[Norandrosterone]] on 10 November 2005. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "ineligibility for life".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Francisco Pérez Sanchez]] tested positive twice for EPO during the 2003 Tour de Romandie when he won two stages and took the overall lead in spectacular fashionrace. He was suspended for 18 months from 18 October 2003 to 17 April 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/aug05/aug23news3 |title=Cycling News, August 2005, Fran Pérez to Illes Balears |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Zinaida Stahurskaya]], the former world champion from Belarus tested positive at three European races in 2005, - once to anabolic steroid stanozolol and twice to hormone testosterone. In 2006 she was banned for 2 years. It was not her first positive test for doping substances, nor her first suspension: At the Giro d'Italia Femminile in 2001, she returned a positive test for a diuretic, and at the Circuito di Massarosa in 2003, for ephedrine. She was out of competition for four and two months respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/mar06/mar14news2 |title=Cycling News, March 2006, Stahurskaya gets two-year ban |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2006-03-14 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>

===2006===
* [[Wilmer Bravo]] of Venezuela tested positive for [[Prednisolone]] and [[Prednisone]] on 9 January 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 4 months".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Garcia Quesada Adolfo]] of Spain tested positive for [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]] (hCG) in competition on 19 May 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Stephen Alfred]] of the US, tested positive for [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]] (hCG) in an 'out of season' test on 26 March, and an 'in competition' test on 10 June 2006. Further tests indicated that his testosterone imbalance resulted from the presence of exogenous testosterone. He was suspended for 8 years by the USADA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://velonews.com/article/11589|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820033902/http://velonews.com/article/11589|url-status=dead|title=Velonews.com VeloNews, 2 February 2007, Alfred accepts 8-year suspension|archive-date=August 20, 2008}}</ref> The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 8 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Victor Hernandez Baeta]] of Spain tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an 'out of competition' test on 4 July 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Ivan Basso]] was expelled from the Tour de France in the week prior to its commencement due to his involvement in the [[Operación Puerto doping case]]<ref name=autogenerated21>[http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/spiegel/0,1518,425939,00.html Inside the Blood Doping Investigation]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', 10 July 2006</ref> On 30 April 2007 [[Team Discovery Channel]] announced that Basso would be released from his contract on Basso's request.<ref name=autogenerated18>{{cite news|title=Basso's request to leave Team Discovery Channel is granted|url= http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may01news|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|access-date=2007-05-01|date=2007-05-01}}</ref> While still claiming to never have actually engaged in blood doping, Basso admitted contacting Dr. Fuentes' clinic with the intention to engage in blood doping.<ref name=autogenerated9>Agence France-Presse [http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/12220.0.html "Basso admits only to 'attempted' doping"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516042243/http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/12220.0.html |date=2008-05-16 }}. ''VeloNews'' - 8 May 2007</ref> On 15 June 2007, Basso received a two-year ban.
* [[Pawal Bentkowski]] of Poland tested positive for [[Norandrosterone]] on 25 July 2006. The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jaime Bretti]] of Chile tested positive for [[Phentermine]] in competition on 4 May 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Santos Gonzalez Capilla]] of Spain tested positive for [[Triamcinolone acetonide]] on 4 March 2006. The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification, warning and reprimand".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jose Balague Carvajal]] of Chile tested positive for [[Ephedrine]] 'in competition' on 11 May 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Erick Castano]] of Ecuador tested positive for [[Metelonone]] on 14 May 2006. The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Luis Coelho]] of Portugal tested positive for [[Norandrosterone]], [[Clenbuterol]], and [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]] in competition on 15 July 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and Ineligibility for 1 year".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Juan Cotumba]] of Bolivia tested positive for [[Benzoylecgonine]], [[methylecgonine]], and cocaine metabolites on 11 May 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jhon Cunto]] of Peru tested positive for [[Norandrosterone]] in competition on November 9, 2006. he UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Kamil Dominian]] of Poland tested positive for Stanozolol on May 20, 2006. The 'Union Cycliste Internationale' (UCI) summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[David Garbelli]] of Italy tested positive for [[Triamcinolone acetonide]] and [[salbutamol]] on 9 June 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated "disqualification and warning".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Christoph Girschweiler]] of Switzerland tested positive for Salbutamol and [[salmeterol]] in competition on 21 July 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and warning".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Aitor González]], the winner of the [[2002 Vuelta a España]], tested positive twice in 2005, first during an out of competition test in August, and again during the [[2005 Vuelta a España]] for a [[methyltestosterone]] metabolite. González claimed that the positive test was the result of a contaminated dietary supplement called ''Animal Pack'' prescribed by a doctor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/dec06/dec23news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> González was handed a two-year ban and retired soon afterwards. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' listed 17 alpha methyl, 5 beta androstane, 3 alpha 17 beta dio and a 2-year ban.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Oscar Grau]] of Spain tested positive for [[Finasteride]]. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jon Pena Hernaez]] of Spain tested positive for [[Phentermine]] in competition on 1 August 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Christina Alcade Huertanos]] from Spain was disqualified for 2 years. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' listed [[Triamcinolone acetonide]] and a 2-year ban.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jörg Jaksche]] was one of the 9 riders held out of the [[2006 Tour de France]] after being identified by investigators in the [[Operación Puerto]] investigation. On 30 June 2007 Jaksche admitted he was guilty of blood doping and that he was the ''Bella'' mentioned in the documents confiscated from Fuentes' clinic.<ref name="jakscheadmit">Nesha Starcevic, [http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/06/30/sports/EU-SPT-CYC-Doping-Jaksche.php German rider Joerg Jaksche admits blood doping from Spanish doctor], ''International Herald Tribune'', 30 June 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=features/2007/jorg_jaksche_jul07 |title=CyclingNews July 2007 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Vladimir Koev]] of Bulgaria tested positive for [[Stanozolol]] on 18 June 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Rafal Kumorowski]] of Poland tested positive for cannabis in competition on 4 August 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and warning."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Floyd Landis]] was fired from the [[Phonak (cycling team)|Phonak team]] on 5 August 2006, after a test result indicated an abnormally high testosterone/epitestosterone ratio<ref name=phonakfireslandis>{{cite news | url= http://www.phonak-cycling.ch/index.php?id=5&L=1&uid=330 | title= Phonak Cycling Team to clarify consequences | publisher= Phonak Cycling Team | date= 2006-08-05 | access-date= 2006-08-05 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060827115540/http://www.phonak-cycling.ch/index.php?id=5&L=1&uid=330 | archive-date= 2006-08-27 | url-status= dead }}</ref> after stage 17 of the [[2006 Tour de France]]. On 20 September 2007, he was stripped of his title as winner of the 2006 Tour and placed under a two-year ban from professional racing, following an arbitration panel's 2 to 1 ruling. He appealed the result of the arbitration hearing to the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]], which subsequently upheld the panel's ruling. He remained suspended until 30 January 2009.
* [[Maxime Lefebvre]] of France 'Failed to Comply' with the 'in competition' testing on 29 December 2006 and 2 January 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for life".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Christian Luce]] of France. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' listed Testosterone and a 3-year ban.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Joseph M. Papp]] of the US tested positive for metabolites of testosterone or its precursors (6?-OH-androstenedione 6?-OH-androsterone) on 7 May 2006, at the International 42nd Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey. He received a 2-year suspension. When he testified for the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) at the Floyd Landis trial he also stated that he had graduated to testosterone after starting on EPO (erythropoietin) in 2001.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idUSN1720395520070519?feedType=RSS | work=Reuters | title=Papp admits taking drugs, Landis set to testify | date=19 May 2007}}</ref>
* [[Evandro Luis Portela]] of Brazil tested positive for [[Phentermine]] and [[Stanozolol]] on 23 March 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for life".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Aitor Osa]] from Spain was involved in the [[Operación Puerto]] doping case. The [[Guardia Civil]] in [[Madrid]] linked numbers used by Dr. Fuentes to identify blood sample bags to names; number 1 to Ullrich, number 2 to Basso, number 4 to Botero, number 5 to Sevilla, number 7 to Aitor's brother, Unai Osa, number 8 to Aitor Osa himself.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may01news2 |title=Cycling News, May 2007, Additional Operación Puerto dossier reveals extensive new evidence |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Unai Osa]] from Spain was involved in the [[Operación Puerto]] doping case. The [[Guardia Civil]] in [[Madrid]] linked numbers used by Dr. Fuentes to identify blood sample bags to names; number 1 to Ullrich, number 2 to Basso, number 4 to Botero, number 5 to Sevilla, number 7 to Unai Osa himself, and number 8 to his brother Aitor Osa.<ref name=autogenerated2 />
* [[Cénéric Racault]] of France tested positive for [[Prednisolone]] and [[Prednisone]]. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for 18 months".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Ilaria Rinaldi]] of Italy tested positive for Testosterone in competition on 18 July 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Jose Antonio Pastor Roldan]] of Spain tested positive for [[Terbutaline]] on 19 June 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated that he was sanctioned by 'disqualification and a warning'.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* Alexandre Sabalin of Moldavia tested positive for [[Strychnine]] on 26 May 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated that he was sanctioned by 'disqualification and Ineligibility for 1 year'.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Michele Scarponi]] was implicated in the Operación Puerto case. On 8 May 2007, Scarponi confessed his role in the case.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may09news2 |title=Scarponi: "I am Zapatero"|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=2007-05-07|access-date=2007-05-20}}</ref> On 15 May, Scarponi was provisionally suspended.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may16news |title=Basso and Scarponi suspended|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=2007-05-16 |access-date=2007-05-20}}</ref>
* [[Ger Soeperberg]] of the Netherlands tested positive for [[Salbutamol]] on 2 July 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' stated that he was sanctioned by 'disqualification and warning'.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Alvaro Tardaguila]] from Uruguay tested positive for r-EPO in February 2006, and received a 2-year ban.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usantidoping.org/what/management/sanctions.aspx |title=US Antidoping Agency, Cycling database |publisher=Usantidoping.org |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Fernando Torres (cyclist)|Fernando Torres]] of Spain tested positive for [[Ephedrine]] in competition on 8 July 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years - (under appeal by rider)."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Matteo Trentin]] of Italy tested positive for [[Salbutamol]] 'in competition' on 26 December 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 months."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Jan Ullrich]] was expelled from the Tour de France in the week prior to its commencement due to his involvement in the [[Operación Puerto doping case]].<ref name=autogenerated21 />
* [[Sascha Urweider]] was suspended by [[Team Phonak]] after a positive A-test for testosterone. Urweider blamed a nutritional supplement he bought without team doctors advise.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2006/mar06/mar14news2 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2006-03-14 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Tristan Valentin]] of France tested positive for [[Heptaminol]] on 6 June 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for 6 months".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>
* [[Jordi Reira Valls]] of Spain tested positive for [[Stanozolol]] and [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]] on 16 May 2006. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' states "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006"/>

'''[[2006 Tour de France]]''' was marred by doping scandals. Prior to the tour, numerous riders - including the two favourites [[Jan Ullrich]] and [[Ivan Basso]] - were expelled from the Tour due to their link with the [[Operación Puerto doping case]]. After the end of the race, the apparent winner [[Floyd Landis]] was found to have failed a drug test after stage 17; Landis contested the result and demanded arbitration. On 20 September 2007 Landis was found guilty and suspended retroactive to 30 January 2007 and stripped of the 2006 Tour de France title making Óscar Pereiro the title holder.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20889737|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926010423/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20889737/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-09-26|title='I am innocent,' Landis says after losing verdict|publisher=MSNBC|date=2007-09-20}}</ref>

'''[[Operación Puerto doping case]]''' (meaning ''Operation Mountain Pass'')<ref name=autogenerated21 /> is a Spanish doping case against doctor [[Eufemiano Fuentes]] and a number of accomplices, started in May 2006. He is accused of administering prohibited [[doping (sport)|doping]] products to 200 professional [[sportsperson|athletes]], to enhance their performance. Tour de France's favorites Jan Ullrich and Ivan Basso were expelled from the Tour de France before the race started.

===2007===

====Positive doping tests====
{|class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; class=;"sortable"
!Date
!Cyclist
!Banned substance
!Reference
|-
|4 March
|{{flagathlete|[[Giuseppe Muraglia]]|ITA}}
|[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]]
|{{cite web |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jun07/jun11news2 |work=Latest Cycling News |publisher=autobus.cyclingnews.com|date=June 11, 2007 |first1=Gregor |last1=Brown |title=Giuseppe Muraglia positive for hCG |access-date=June 4, 2015}}
|-
|24 April
|{{flagathlete|[[Aketza Peña]]|ESP}}
|[[Nandrolone]]
|{{cite web |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may30news |work=First Edition Cycling News |date=May 30, 2007 |title=Peña positive for nandrolone |first1=Ben |last1=Abrahams |first2=Greg |last2=Johnson |first3=Paul |last3=Verkuylen |access-date=June 4, 2015}}
|-
|8 June
|{{flagathlete|[[Patrik Sinkewitz]]|GER}}
|[[Testosterone]]
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080321234911/http://www.velonews.com/article/12808]
|-
|19 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Cristian Moreni]]|ITA}}
|[[Testosterone]]
|[http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2007/tour07/news/?id=/news/2007/jul07/jul25news5]
|-
|21 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Vinokourov]]|KAZ}}
|[[Blood doping|Homologous transfusion]]
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512043305/http://www.velonews.com/article/12910]
|-
|24 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Iban Mayo]]|ESP}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|[http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jul07/jul31news]
|-
|1 August
|{{flagathlete|[[Andrey Kashechkin]]|KAZ}}
|[[Blood doping|Homologous transfusion]]
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512042504/http://www.velonews.com/article/13063]
|-
|24 December
|{{flagathlete|[[Thomas Dekker (cyclist)|Thomas Dekker]]|NED}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20090704043225/http://www.tour09.nl/nederlanders/672/dekker-betrapt-op-gebruik-epo.html]
|}

====Doping cases====
* [[Ivan Basso]] of Italy was suspended by [[Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team|Discovery Channel]] on 24 April when the [[Italian National Olympic Committee]] (CONI) reopened his case on behalf of his involvement in the [[Operación Puerto doping case]]. On 30 April 2007 Team Discovery Channel announced that Basso would be released from his contract on Basso's request.<ref name=autogenerated18 /> While still claiming to never have actually engaged in blood doping, Basso admitted contacting Dr. Fuentes' clinic with the intention to engage in blood doping.<ref name=autogenerated9 /> On 15 June 2007, Basso received a two-year ban. The time he had already spent under team suspension whilst riding for CSC and temporary suspension since leaving Discovery were taken into consideration which meant his ban would end on 24 October 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/6693357.stm |title=Basso handed two-year doping ban|work=BBC Sport|date=2007-06-15|access-date=2007-06-15}}</ref>
* [[Lorenzo Bernucci]] (Leonardo) of Italy tested positive for [[Sibutramine]] on 15 August and was fired from [[Team T-Mobile|T-Mobile]] in September 2007. He purchased it over the counter at a pharmacy in Italy to help keep his weight under control and said he had been taking it for four years, unaware it had been added to the list of banned substances.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/sep07/sep04news2|title=T-Mobile fires Bernucci after positive test |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |access-date=2007-09-04 |date=2007-09-04}}</ref> The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 1 year."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Danilo Di Luca]] of Italy was revealed to have had unspecified low hormone levels in urine tests during the [[2007 Giro d'Italia]]. Italian authorities investigated whether this was a natural consequence of racing at a high level for three weeks, or some kind of masking agent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.procycling.com/news.aspx?ID=2869|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816191019/http://www.procycling.com/news.aspx?ID=2869|url-status=dead|title=CONI to question Petacchi, Di Luca and Mazzoleni|archive-date=August 16, 2007}}</ref> On 28 September, Di Luca withdrew from the UCI Road World Championships calling his treatment "a scandal" after he had been accused of doping allegations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/sep07/sep28news |title=Di Luca withdraws from Worlds |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-09-28 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> Di Luca was leading the [[2007 UCI ProTour]] when he was suspended from the competition before the final race, the [[2007 Giro di Lombardia|Giro di Lombardia]], due to alleged involvement in the [[Oil for Drugs]] doping case, for which he received a three-month suspension through the close season.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/6265648.stm |title=Di Luca given doping suspension |work=BBC Sport |access-date=2008-03-18 |date=2007-10-17}}</ref>
* [[Marco Fertonani]] of Italy tested positive for using testosterone during the 2007 [[Tour Méditerranéen]] and was immediately suspended by the Caisse d'Epargne team. He is contesting the case, citing errors in the testing procedure at the laboratory.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fertonani fights doping case |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/aug07/aug13news|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=2007-08-13|access-date=2007-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fertonani blames lab for test results|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jul07/jul18news2|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=2007-07-18|access-date=2007-08-14}}</ref> The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Alesandro Fatato]] of Italy "Failed to Comply" with the testing procedures in competition on 14 January 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 1 year."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Franklin Gomes de Almeida]] of Brazil tested positive for [[Stanozolol]] 'in competition' on 12 April 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Serhiy Honchar]] of Ukraine was sidelined from [[T-Mobile Team]]'s [[2007 Giro d'Italia]] squad after a blood test showed ''abnormalities'' in blood tests conducted during [[Liège–Bastogne–Liège]] and the [[Tour of Romandie]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.velonews.com/article/12373|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828160536/http://www.velonews.com/article/12373|url-status=dead|title=VeloNews{{pipe}}T-Mobile leaves Honchar off of Tour roster{{pipe}}The Journal of Competitive Cycling|archive-date=August 28, 2008}}</ref> Its contract was later terminated ''for violations of the Team Code of Conduct,''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jun07/jun19news2 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-06-19 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Mathias Kessler]] of Germany was suspended by Astana on 27 June 2007, for failing a drugs test for [[testosterone]] taken in [[Charleroi]] in April 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/27062007/58/pro-tour-2007-kessler-fails-dope-test.html |title=Pro Tour 2007 - Kessler fails dope test|date=2007-06-27|access-date=2007-06-27 |publisher=Eurosport |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070630022504/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/27062007/58/pro-tour-2007-kessler-fails-dope-test.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-06-30}}</ref> He was then fired on 13 July.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/cycling/2007-07-13-1626539736_x.htm|title=Astana fires Kessler after B sample returns positive |date=2007-07-13 |access-date=2007-10-16 | work=USA Today | first=Erica | last=Bulman}}</ref>
* [[Cristian Moreni]] of Italy tested positive for Testosterone 'in competition' on July 19, 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years.".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2007/tour07/news/?id=/news/2007/jul07/jul25news5 |title=Moreni positive for testosterone |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-07-25 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Giuseppe Muraglia]] of Italy tested positive for [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|hCG]] after winning the 2007 edition of [[Clásica de Almería]] on 4 March 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jun07/jun11news2 |work=Latest Cycling News |publisher=autobus.cyclingnews.com|date=June 11, 2007 |first1=Gregor |last1=Brown |title=Giuseppe Muraglia positive for hCG |access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years.".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/> He was also sacked from his team, [[Acqua & Sapone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/oct07/oct12news |title=Two years for Muraglia |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-10-12 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Magno Prado Nazaret]] of Brazil tested positive for [[Sibutramine]] 'in competition' on 27 April 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 8 months."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Nathan O'Neill]] of Australia. On 6 November 2007 his contract with the [[Health Net Pro Cycling Team Presented by Maxxis|Health Net Pro Cycling Team]] was terminated after a positive test for the appetite suppressant drug [[phentermine]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/13630.0.html|title=O'Neill suspended following doping positivex|publisher=Velo News|date=6 November 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905223723/http://velonews.com/news/fea/13630.0.html|archive-date=5 September 2008}}</ref> O'Neill had a prescription for Phentermine, which meant his possession of it was legal, but its use failed to meet the guidelines of the UCI/WADA code and that set out by the team's medical director.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/nov07/nov07news |title=Cycling News, 6 November 2007 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Leonardo Piepoli]] of Italy tested positive for Salbutamol (>1000&nbsp;ng/ml) on both 22 and 30 May 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "Acquitted due to medical reasons."<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Aketza Peña]] of Spain and the {{UCI team code|Euskaltel|2007}} team tested positive for the anabolic steroid nandrolone on 30 May 2007. The sample was taken after stage one of the [[Giro del Trentino]] on 24 April and was announced during the [[2007 Giro d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/may07/may30news |work=First Edition Cycling News |date=May 30, 2007 |title=Peña positive for nandrolone |first1=Ben |last1=Abrahams |first2=Greg |last2=Johnson |first3=Paul |last3=Verkuylen |access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Alessandro Petacchi]] of Italy tested positive for Salbutamol (>1000&nbsp;ng/ml) 'in competition' on 23 May 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "Acquitted due to medical reasons. (under appeal by [[NADO]] and [[World Anti Doping Agency|World Anti Doping Agency (WADA)]])".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tdfblog.com/alessandro_petacchi/index.html |title=Alessandro Petachi - Petacchi cleared of Salbutamol charge, but |publisher=TDF Blog |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2007/jul07/jul25news3 |title=Petacchi set to return, UCI to investigate |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2007-07-25 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Juan Carlos Rojas Villegas]] of Costa Rica tested positive for [[Phentermine]] 'in competition' on 4 May 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[José Antonio Pecharroman Fabian]] from Spain tested positive for [[Finasteride]] 'in competition' on 26 August 2007. The [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Svetlana Semchouk]] of Ukraine tested positive for [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] 'in competition' on 27 September 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and warning".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Patrick Sinkewitz]] of Germany tested positive for testosterone at the Tour de France 2007. Sinkewitz failed to start Stage 9 after colliding with a spectator the previous day.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cdn.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2007/07/15/sports/s090713D45.DTL&type=printable |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010211752/http://cdn.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2007%2F07%2F15%2Fsports%2Fs090713D45.DTL&type=printable |archive-date=2008-10-10 |title=Rasmussen Wins Tour de France 8th Stage |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 18 July 2007, Sinkewitz "A" blood sample tested positive for using [[testosterone]]/doping and was on the same day suspended by his team T-Mobile. On 31 July 2007, Sinkewitz was fired by the T-Mobile team after he declined to have his "B" blood sample tested.<ref name="Moulson">{{cite news|first=Geir|last=Moulson|title=Sinkewitz Admits Testosterone Use|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/07/31/ap3971066.html |work=[[Forbes]]|date= 2007-07-31 |access-date=2007-07-31}}{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He also admitted to having used Testogel, a topically applied testosterone ointment.<ref name="Moulson" /> On 3 November, he admitted using banned EPO and blood transfusions in the past.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/7076902.stm|work=BBC News|title=Sinkewitz receives one-year ban|date=16 November 2007|access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref>
* [[Marcin Sobiepanek]] of Poland tested positive for [[Norandrosterone]] 'in competition' on 21 October 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 2 years".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/>
* [[Alexander Vinokourov]] of Kazakhstan tested positive for [[Homologous Blood Transfusion]] 'in competition' on 21 July 2007. The UCI summary of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' stated "disqualification and ineligibility for 1 year. (under appeal by UCI)".<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.velonews.com/article/12910|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512043305/http://www.velonews.com/article/12910|url-status=dead|title=Velo News, 24 July 2007, Vinokourov tests positive; Astana withdraws from Tour|archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref>
* On December 20, [[Iban Mayo]]'s B sample result was confirmed as positive for EPO by the [[LNDD]]. On the same day, [[Björn Leukemans]]' B sample result was confirmed as being positive for artificial testosterone. Mayo was suspended for two years and never returned to cycling, Leukemans was suspended for the 2008 season.<ref>{{cite web|title="B" samples positive for Iban Mayo and Björn Leukemans|date=20 December 2007|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/b-samples-positive-for-iban-mayo-and-bjorn-leukemans|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=26 April 2010}}</ref>

'''[[2007 Tour de France]]''' - The event was affected by a series of [[Doping at the 2007 Tour de France|scandals and speculations related to doping]]. By the end of the Tour, two cyclists were dismissed for testing positive, the wearer of the [[yellow jersey]], [[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]] was voluntarily retired by his team for lying about his whereabouts and missing doping tests. A fourth rider was confirmed to having used doping while in a training session prior to the 2007 Tour and a fifth rider tested positive late in the race, with his result being officially announced just after the end of the Tour. Along the way, two teams contesting the competition were asked to withdraw due to positive tests of at least one member.

===2008===

====Positive doping tests====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; class=;"sortable"
!Date
!Cyclist
!Banned substance
!Reference
|-
|3 March
|{{flagathlete|[[Patxi Vila]]|ESP}}
|[[Testosterone]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/may08/may06news2|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|11 April
|{{flagathlete|[[Maximiliano Richeze]]|ARG}}
|[[Stanozolol]] (steroid)
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/may08/may10news|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|28 June
|{{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Carini]]|ITA}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name="autobus.cyclingnews.com">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/aug08/aug01news|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|29 June
|{{flagathlete|[[Paolo Bossoni]]|ITA}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name="autobus.cyclingnews.com"/>
|-
|5 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Manuel Beltrán]]|ESP}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/2470113/Italian-world-champion-Marta-Bastianelli-to-miss-Olympics-after-failing-drugs-test.html|title=Italian world champion Marta Bastianelli to miss Olympics after failing drugs test|date=29 July 2008 |access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|5 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Marta Bastianelli]]|ITA}}
|[[Fenfluramine]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7502763.stm|title=BBC SPORT - Other sport... - Cycling - Spaniard Beltran tests positive|date=11 July 2008|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|8 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Moisés Dueñas]]|ESP}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6&click_id=185&art_id=nw20080719130626460C437381 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
|-
|8 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Riccardo Riccò]]|ITA}}
|[[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/sports/sportsspecial1/18tour.html|title=Tour de France Team Out After Test|date=18 July 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|23 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Emanuele Sella]]|ITA}}
|[[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/aug08/aug06news|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|24 July
|{{flagathlete|[[Dmitry Fofonov]]|KAZ}}
|[[heptaminol]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7527891.stm|title=BBC SPORT - Other sport... - Cycling - Tour rider Fofonov tests positive|date=27 July 2008|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|31 July
|{{flagathlete|[[María Isabel Moreno|Maria Moreno]]|ESP}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2537928/Spanish-cyclist-Maria-Moreno-fails-drugs-test---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811180827/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2537928/Spanish-cyclist-Maria-Moreno-fails-drugs-test---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 11, 2008|title=Spanish cyclist Maria Moreno fails drugs test - Beijing Olympics 2008|author=Telegraph staff|date=11 August 2008|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|7 October
|{{flagathlete|[[Leonardo Piepoli]]|ITA}}
|[[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]]
|<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/oct08/oct07news|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
|7 October
|{{flagathlete|[[Stefan Schumacher]]|GER}}
|[[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]]
|<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
|12 October
|{{flagathlete|[[Bernhard Kohl]]|AUT}}
|[[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/oct08/oct13news4|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|}

====Doping cases====
* [[Igor Astarloa]] had his contract terminated in May 2008 by [[Team Milram]] following disclosures that he had shown ''irregular blood values''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/may08/may30news |title=Cycling News, 8 May 2008 |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-05-30 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Manuel Beltrán]] tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] after the first stage of the Tour de France. The news broke on 11 July 2008. Blood abnormalities before the Tour start had led French anti-doping agency AFLD to target the rider. Beltrán's team [[Liquigas]] withdrew him from the tour with immediate effect. French police questioned Beltrán over possible offences, and searched his hotel room. The B-Sample has not yet been tested.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5j99v8lGDDLVr7JnBjqOPuu0iupiwD91RQJG01 |title=Doping agency: Beltran positive for EPO|access-date=2008-11-07|agency=Associated Press}}{{dead link|date=October 2012}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}}
* [[Tom Boonen]] tested positive for [[cocaine]] in a test on 26 May 2008. Since this was outside competition he did not face sanctions by the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] or [[World Anti-Doping Agency|WADA]] but was barred from the 2008 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite news
 |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gd1Z4lZt9KeuTey0Ml33U-B7wCIw 
 |title=Boonen participation in Tour de France to be decided: Ouick Step 
 |date=2008-06-11 
 |agency=Agence France-Presse 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804163517/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gd1Z4lZt9KeuTey0Ml33U-B7wCIw 
 |archive-date=2008-08-04 
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jxwWIhZ6kC1VbnHNkea3oWGXJonQD9180C7G1
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620011914/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jxwWIhZ6kC1VbnHNkea3oWGXJonQD9180C7G1
|archive-date=2008-06-20
|title=Former world champion Tom Boonen barred from Tour de France
|date=2008-06-11
|agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref>
* [[Paolo Bossoni]] tested positive for EPO after placing sixth at the [[Italian National Road Race Championships]].<ref name=ITA1>{{cite news
|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/aug08/aug01news
|title=Bossoni, Carini positive for EPO
|date=2008-08-01
|publisher=cyclingnews.com}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Carini]] tested positive for EPO after winning the Elite without contract category at the Italian Championships in [[Boltiere]].<ref name=ITA1/>
* [[Moisés Dueñas]] was withdrawn from the [[Barloworld (cycling team)|Barloworld]] team before the 11th stage of the Tour de France on 16 July. The official statement from [[Amaury Sport Organisation|ASO]] stated that he had tested positive for EPO at the end of the time trial fourth stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.fr/2008/TDF/LIVE/us/1100/depeches.html#121340|title=11:02 - Official Statement From ASO|access-date=2008-07-16|publisher=letour.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719054738/http://www.letour.fr/2008/TDF/LIVE/us/1100/depeches.html#121340|archive-date=2008-07-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Barloworld team announced two days later that they were withdrawing from sponsorship after the 2008 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite web|author=Independent Newspapers Online |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6&click_id=185&art_id=nw20080719130626460C437381 |title=Plug pulled on Team Barloworld |work=Independent Online|location=South Africa |date=2008-07-19 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Danilo Di Luca]]'s appeal was rejected by the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] (CAS). He had sought to reverse a three-month ban he served for his involvement in the [[Oil for Drugs]] doping case. The CAS also rejected the appeal by the [[Italian National Olympic Committee]] (CONI), which sought to increase the ban to two years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/may08/may01news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-05-01 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Dmitry Fofonov]] tested positive for the banned stimulant [[heptaminol]] after the 18th stage of the [[2008 Tour de France]]. Fofonov had completed the race in nineteenth place, and was fired by [[Crédit Agricole]] after the team was made aware of the positive test.<ref>{{cite news
 |title=Tour rider Fofonov tests positive
 |publisher=BBC
 |date=2008-08-28
 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7527891.stm
 |access-date=2008-08-28}}
</ref>
* [[Vladimir Gusev (cyclist)|Vladimir Gusev]] was fired from the [[Astana Team]] as a result of ''irregular values'' detected by its internal anti-doping program run by Doctor [[Rasmus Damsgaard]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/jul08/jul26news2
|title=Bossoni, Carini positive for EPO
|date=2008-07-26
|publisher=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> However, on June 15, 2009, the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] decided in Gusev's favor, declared that Astana was wrong in the firing, and ordered that they compensate Gusev for back-pay, legal costs, and damages.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gusev-back-in-action-after-cas-decision
|title=Gusev Back in Action After CAS Decision
|date=2009-06-18
|publisher=cyclingnews.com}}</ref>
* [[Floyd Landis]] lost his final appeal to the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]]. It was concluded from the evidence presented that the ''presence of exogenous testosterone or its precursors or metabolites in Floyd Landis' sample proved that he violated the anti-doping rules of the UCI.'' Landis served a full two-year suspension that is back-dated to 30 January 2007. Additionally, Landis was ordered to pay $100,000 in costs to the USADA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/jun08/jun30news3 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Eddy Mazzoleni]] was handed a two-year ban in April 2008 by the Italian Cycling Federation (FCI) for his involvement in the [[Oil for Drugs]] affair. The FCI also banned 28-year-old former [[Ceramica Flaminia]] rider [[Domenico Quagliariello]] for life for his involvement in the same affair.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/apr08/apr09news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[María Isabel Moreno|Maria Moreno]] of Spain tested positive for EPO at the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing Olympics]] on 31 July. She left China on the day of the test, before the results were published, and reports in Spain claimed an 'anxiety attack'. [[IOC]] communications director [[Giselle Davies]] said: "She was tested in the Village and she had already left China that evening before having had the result. The test has come back positive for EPO. The disciplinary commission has ruled that she should be excluded from the Games and have her accreditation withdrawn." The IOC passed the case to the UCI for follow up.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2537928/Spanish-cyclist-Maria-Moreno-fails-drugs-test---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811180827/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2537928/Spanish-cyclist-Maria-Moreno-fails-drugs-test---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 11, 2008 |title= Spanish cyclist Maria Moreno fails drugs test at Beijing Olympics |work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2012-07-18|location=London|date=11 August 2008}}</ref>
* [[Alessandro Petacchi]] was suspended for one year by the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] (CAS) for having tested positive for an asthma medication during the [[2007 Giro d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/may08/may06news2 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] cycling team [[LA-MSS]] had its headquarters searched by police where illegal products were discovered, such as doping substances, medications, equipment to conduct blood transfusions and instruments for clinical use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/may08/may21news|title=Police raid LA MSS headquarters|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|access-date=2008-05-21}}</ref> In June 2008, the Portuguese Cycling Federation (UVP/FCP) suspended nine members of the team temporarily pending the outcome of the investigation; five of which were riders and four were team staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/jun08/jun28news|title= Portuguese fed suspends LA-MSS riders|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|access-date=2008-06-28}}</ref>
* [[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]] was handed a two-year suspension by the Monaco cycling federation for missed controls before the [[2007 Tour de France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/jul08/jul01news3 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-07-01 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Riccardo Riccò]] was kicked out of the [[2008 Tour de France]] on 17 July 2008, after reports that a urine sample tested positive for [[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]], a new type of EPO, at the end of stage 4.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tour-de-france.velonews.com/article/80269/riccardo-ricco-tests-positive-saunier-duval-team-withdraws |title=VeloNews{{pipe}}Riccardo Riccò tests positive; Saunier Duval team withdraws from Tour de France{{pipe}}Tour de France Coverage |publisher=Tour-de-france.velonews.com |date=2009-11-19 |access-date=2012-07-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805033933/http://tour-de-france.velonews.com/article/80269/riccardo-ricco-tests-positive-saunier-duval-team-withdraws |archive-date=2009-08-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
 |last=Wyatt
 |first=Edward
 |title=Tour de France team out after test
 |newspaper=The New York Times
 |date=2008-07-18
 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/sports/sportsspecial1/18tour.html?ref=sports}}
</ref> There had not previously been any public acknowledgment that a test for the new drug was being administered, or had even been developed yet. The Tour de France testing was done under the auspices of the [[French Cycling Federation]] and the [[French Anti-Doping Agency]], ''not'' the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]].<ref>
{{cite web
 |title=The 2008 Tour de France under the control of the French Cycling Federation
 |publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation
 |date=2008-03-06
 |url=http://www.letour.fr/2008/TDF/COURSE/us/actus.html#zone14
 |access-date=2008-07-17
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316063229/http://www.letour.fr/2008/TDF/COURSE/us/actus.html#zone14
 |archive-date=2008-03-16
 |url-status=dead
 }}
</ref><ref>[http://www.afld.fr/ L'Agence française de lutte contre le dopage] (in French) Retrieved 2008-07-17</ref>
* [[Leonardo Piepoli]], winner of stage 10 of the 2008 Tour de France, was sacked by his team for "violation of the team's ethics code" the following day, though no positive test had been reported by that date.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/7514224.stm |title=BBC SPORT Cycling - Spanish team sack Ricco & Piepoli |work=BBC News |date=2008-07-18 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> He confessed to his team manager that he had used [[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta|MIRCERA]], a new 'third generation' type of EPO, the same drug used by his teammate Riccardo Riccò.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/sep08/sep18news |title=Tour de France samples to undergo further anti-doping tests |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-09-18 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> On 7 October it was reported that Piepoli had tested positive for [[Continuous Erythropoiesis Receptor Activator]] on 4 July and 15 July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/oct08/oct07news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2008-10-07 |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* [[Maximiliano Richeze]] tested positive for the anabolic steroid stanozolol before the start of the 2008 Giro d'Italia, which resulted in his expulsion from the race, but later the case was dismissed by the Argentinian federation since it was proven Richeze was not to blame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/09052008/3/argentine-rider-richeze-giro-positive-test.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100127004146/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/09052008/3/argentine-rider-richeze-giro-positive-test.html|url-status=dead|title=WebCite query result|date=27 January 2010|archive-date=27 January 2010}}</ref> Richeze did however lose the appeal at CAS and was handed a two-year ban.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cqranking.com/men/asp/gen/rider.asp?riderid=3347|title=CQ Ranking - RICHEZE ARAQUISTAIN Maximiliano Ariel|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
* [[Emanuele Sella]] tested positive for [[Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator|CERA]], the third generation [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], in an out of competition control performed on 23 July 2008. UCI President [[Pat McQuaid]] noted that Sella had been targeted based on his actions in and out of racing. At the [[2008 Giro d'Italia]], Sella had won the [[mountains classification in the Giro d'Italia|mountains classification]] and three stages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/aug08/aug06 |title=Giro's king of the mountain Sella positive for EPO-CERA |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref>
* [[Ondřej Sosenka]] of the [[Czech Republic]], who broke the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] [[hour record]] in 2005, tested positive for the banned stimulant [[methamphetamine]] and its metabolites during his national time trial championships in June 2008. He faced a suspension and did not come back to professional racing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.sports.yahoo.com/sc/news?slug=capress-cycle_sosenka_doping|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522150810/http://ca.sports.yahoo.com/sc/news?slug=capress-cycle_sosenka_doping|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 May 2011|title=Yahoo! Canada Sports - Sports News, Scores, Rumors, Fantasy Games, and more|date=22 May 2011}}</ref>
* During the [[Vuelta a Colombia]] six riders returned positive doping controls. It was not revealed which substance caused the findings for [[Rafael Montiel]], [[Juan Guillermo Castro]], [[Camilo Gómez]], [[Carlos Ospina Hernandez]], [[Hernán Buenahora]] and [[Giovanni Barriga]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2008/aug08/aug02news2
|title=Colombians announce doping positives
|date=2008-08-02
|publisher=cyclingnews.com}}</ref>
* In May 2008 the UCI revealed that 23 riders were under suspicion of doping following the first phase of blood tests conducted under the new [[biological passport]] established at the start of the season.<ref>{{cite news|author=Richard Moore |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/may/03/cycling |title=Cycling - Blood tests cast doubt on 23 riders |work=The Guardian |access-date=2012-07-18 |location=London |date=3 May 2008}}</ref> A biological passport is an individual, electronic record for each rider, in which the results of all doping tests over a period of time are collated. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?MenuId=&id=NTQzOA |title=Information on the biological passport |publisher=Uci.ch |access-date=2012-07-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222000131/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?MenuId=&id=NTQzOA |archive-date=2012-02-22 }}</ref>

===2009===
* On 11 February, the [[Italian National Olympic Committee]] matched DNA samples taken from [[Alejandro Valverde]] during a rest day in Italy of the 2008 Tour de France to blood seized in the Operación Puerto investigation.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=No EPO in Basso's blood bags but different for Valverde
 |publisher=cyclingnews.com
 |date=2009-02-11
 |url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/feb09/feb11news3
 |access-date=2009-02-11}}</ref> At a February 2009 appearance in front of the Olympic Committee, Valverde maintained his innocence and questioned the Italians' jurisdiction over this case. In May 2009, the Italian Olympic Committee suspended him from competition in Italy for 2 years, effectively barring him from the [[2009 Tour de France]], which detoured briefly onto Italian soil.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090515221323/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/more/04/01/valverde.ap/index.html Prosecutor Recommends 2 Year Ban] ''Sports Illustrated'', April 1, 2009</ref>
* On April 17, it was announced [[Tyler Hamilton]] tested positive for banned steroid [[Dehydroepiandrosterone]] (DHEA) after an out-of-competition control in early February. He faces a lifelong ban, and decided to retire with immediate effect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/apr09/apr17news3 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* On April 29, it was announced former teammates [[Davide Rebellin]] and [[Stefan Schumacher]] tested positive for [[Continuous Erythropoiesis Receptor Activator]] (CERA) during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/apr09/apr29news |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2009-04-28 |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/apr09/apr29news4 |title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling |publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2009-04-29 |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref> Schumacher finally admitted to doping in March 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-cyclist-stefan-schumacher-admits-doping-a-891695.html|title='Like a Plate of Pasta After Training': German Cyclist Admits Years of Doping|work=Der Spiegel|date=29 March 2013|access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Christian Pfannberger]] tested not-negative in an out-of-competition test on March 19. He was suspended by his team [[Team Katusha|Katusha]] several days before the [[2009 Giro d'Italia|Giro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/may09/may06news3 |date=May 6, 2009 |first1=Sue |last1=George |title=Giro hopeful Pfannberger suspended by Katusha|publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* [[Tom Boonen]] tested positive for [[cocaine]] in an out of competition test on 27 April. He had previously been found to have taken the same substance in May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/may09/may09news2 |first1=Gregor |last1=Brown |title=Boonen suspended following second cocaine positive|publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com |date=2009-05-09|access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* [[Antonio Colom]] tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out of competition test on 2 April. He was targeted for additional controls using information from his blood profile. Colom's positive drug test is the second within the ranks of Katusha within five weeks (see [[Christian Pfannberger]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2009/jun09/jun09news3|title=www.cyclingnews.com - the world centre of cycling|publisher=Autobus.cyclingnews.com|date=2009-06-09 |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* On July 1, it was announced that a re-test of an out-of-competition sample collected from [[Thomas Dekker (cyclist)|Thomas Dekker]] in December 2007, while Dekker was a member of the [[Rabobank Team]], had shown the presence of EPO. In 2008, Dekker had transferred from Rabobank to [[Silence-Lotto]]. Silence-Lotto immediately suspended Dekker.<ref>{{cite web|author=Susan Westemeyer |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/news-flash-lotto-throws-dekker-off-tour-team |title=NEWS FLASH: Lotto Throws Dekker Off Tour Team |date=July 2009 |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* On 2 July [[Clément Lhotellerie]] was dismissed from Vacansoleil's team roster after the French 23-year-old had tested on [[methylhexanamine]] on 28 April of that year. The substance, an active ingredient in nasal congestion medication, is listed on the banned lists of both the UCI and WADA. It is the second time in as many years that Lhotellerie has been dismissed by a team. Despite promising results in Paris–Nice, La Flèche Wallonne and the 4 Jours de Dunkirk, Skil-Shimano dissolved its contract with the rider last year after he failed to attend two appointments with the team.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Tyler|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/lhotellerie-let-go-by-vacansoleil|title=L'hotellerie Let Go By Vacansoleil|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=2009-07-02|access-date=2009-09-29}}</ref>
* On 21 July, it was announced that Russian [[Ilnur Zakarin]] was suspended for two years after testing positive to [[methandienone]] two years prior. He was 17 years old when he tested positive, and 19 years old when the penalty came into effect.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/russia-suspends-three-young-riders|title=Russia suspends three young riders|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=28 January 2009|access-date=3 May 2015|author=Susan Westemeyer}}</ref>
* On 22 July, it was announced that [[Danilo Di Luca]] had tested positive for [[Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator|CERA]] on 20 and 28 May 2009, during the Giro d'Italia. He was provisionally suspended with immediate effect by the UCI.<ref name="Italian Di Luca fails doping test">{{cite news|title=Italian Di Luca fails doping test|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/8163587.stm|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 July 2009|date=22 July 2009}}</ref>
* On 31 July 2009, it was announced that [[Mikel Astarloza]] had tested positive for Recombinant Erythropoietin (EPO) on 26 June 2009 and was being provisionally suspended by the UCI.<ref name="Tour stage winner Astarloza suspended after failed doping test">{{cite web|title=Tour stage winner Astarloza suspended after failed doping test|date=31 July 2009|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-stage-winner-astarloza-suspended-after-failed-doping-test|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=31 July 2009}}</ref>
* On 17 September 2009, the German Cycling Federation announced that [[Olaf Pollack]] and Markus Cronjäger had been provisionally suspended after returning positive doping controls. Pollack tested positive in an out-of-competition test on July 6 and Cronjäger tested positive after a control conducted at the Rund um den Odenwald on July 11.<ref name="Pollack and Cronjäger suspended">{{cite web|title=Pollack and Cronjäger suspended|date=17 September 2009|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/pollack-and-cronjager-suspended|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=1 October 2009}}</ref>
* On 18 September 2009, it was announced that [[Liberty Seguros Continental]] team riders [[Nuno Ribeiro]], [[Isidro Nozal]] and [[Hector Guerra]] tested positive for EPO-CERA in controls prior to the [[Tour of Portugal]]. Ribeiro went on to win the general classification.<ref name="Ribeiro, Nozal and Guerra positive for CERA">{{cite web| title=Ribeiro, Nozal and Guerra positive for CERA|date=18 September 2009 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ribeiro-nozal-and-guerra-positive-for-cera |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=1 October 2009}}</ref>
* On 6 October 2009, it was announced that [[Gabriele Bosisio]] of the [[LPR Brakes]] team had tested positive on EPO during an out-of-competition test in September. Bosisio had won a stage in the [[2008 Giro d'Italia]].<ref name="Bosisio tests positive for EPO">{{cite web|title=Bosisio tests positive for EPO|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/bosisio-tests-positive-for-epo|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]| access-date=1 October 2009}}</ref>
* On 18 October 2009 South African road and Track rider Nolan Hoffman tested positive for testosterone, he served an 18-month ban after co-operating with Cycling South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crank.co.za/nolan-hoffman-tests-positive-for-doping/1589|title=Nolan Hoffman tests positive for doping|work=Crank Cycling News|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>

==2010s==

===2010===
* On 29 January 2010, Italian [[Vania Rossi]] was reported positive for CERA by the Italian Olympic Committee. The Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (CONI) controlled Rossi on January 10 after she finished second in the women's national cyclocross championships. Rossi was the partner of Italian professional cyclist [[Riccardo Riccò]], who himself tested positive for CERA at the 2008 Tour de France.<ref name="Riccò's partner positive for CERA">{{cite web|title=Riccò's partner positive for CERA|date=29 January 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/riccos-partner-positive-for-cera|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=29 January 2010}}</ref> Her B sample later came back negative, and she was cleared of all charges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuttobiciweb.it/index.php?page=news&cod=28049&tp=n |title=Tuttobiciweb.It |publisher=Tuttobiciweb.It |access-date=2012-07-10}}</ref>
* On 11 March, Polish brothers Pawel and Kacper Szczepaniak, who finished first and second in the under 23 race of the [[2010 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships]], returned positive results for EPO, in controls carried out at the event which took place in Tabor, Czech Republic in January. The two had been targeted after suspicious blood profiles were revealed as part of their respective biological passports.<ref name="Szczepaniak brothers positive for EPO at cyclo-cross Worlds">{{cite web|title=Szczepaniak brothers positive for EPO at cyclo-cross Worlds|date=11 March 2010 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/szczepaniak-brothers-positive-for-epo-at-cyclo-cross-worlds |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=22 April 2010}}</ref> A week later, Kacper Szczepaniak reportedly attempted to commit suicide.<ref name="Kacper Szczepaniak attempts suicide">{{cite web| title=Kacper Szczepaniak attempts suicide|date=15 March 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/kacper-szczepaniak-attempts-suicide|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]| access-date=22 April 2010}}</ref> On 30 March, Pawel was handed an 8-year ban while Kacper got a 4-year ban.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2010"/>
* [[Manuel Vazquez Hueso]] of Spain was found, on 14 March, to have taken EPO, and in January 2011 the UCI handed down a fine of €35,000 and suspension until April 2012.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011"/>
* On 16 March 2010, [[Alejandro Valverde]]'s appeal against his ban from riding in Italy was rejected by the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]]. It was confirmed that he could not ride on Italian soil again until 10 March 2011. A UCI press statement, issued after this hearing, stated that "the UCI expresses its determination to take the necessary measures to secure a suspension that is applicable internationally."<ref name="CAS confirms Valverde's Italian ban">{{cite web|title=CAS confirms Valverde's Italian ban|date=16 March 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cas-confirms-valverdes-italian-ban|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=23 April 2010}}</ref> The UCI President [[Pat McQuaid]] stated later that it would seek to extend Valverde's ban worldwide.<ref name="McQuaid welcomes upholding of Valverde sanction">{{cite web| title=McQuaid welcomes upholding of Valverde sanction|date=17 March 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/mcquaid-welcomes-upholding-of-valverde-sanction|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=23 April 2010}}</ref> On 27 March, McQuaid said that the UCI would wait to impose a worldwide ban on Valverde until CAS ruled on an appeal by the UCI, protesting the fact that the Spanish cycling federation ([[RFEC]]) did not open disciplinary proceedings against Valverde. The CAS ruled on 31 May that the suspension could be enforced, and the UCI applied a retroactive two-year suspension on Valverde from 1 January 2010. In additionto this, all of his results from 2010 were nullified.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=The CAS imposes a two-year ban on Alejandro Valverde 
 |publisher=CAS 
 |date=2009-05-31 
 |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/en/infogenerales.asp/4-3-4242-1092-4-1-1/5-0-1092-15-1-1/ 
 |access-date=2009-05-31 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605053630/http://www.tas-cas.org/en/infogenerales.asp/4-3-4242-1092-4-1-1/5-0-1092-15-1-1/ 
 |archive-date=2010-06-05 
}}</ref>
* On 6 April 2010, Italian newspaper [[La Gazzetta dello Sport]] revealed the [[Mantova doping investigation]], an investigation based around the town of [[Mariana Mantovana]] in Lombardy, which had been commenced by Italian police. It reported that the investigation could involve 54 people relating to events in the 2008 and 2009 seasons. The cycling coach/doctor Guido Negrelli, who had worked in the past with Lampre riders and the team manager [[Giuseppe Saronni]] allegedly was at the centre of the investigation. [[Lampre-Farnese Vini]]'s team doctors and two riders, [[Alessandro Petacchi]] and [[Lorenzo Bernucci]], had their homes searched as part of the investigation. Bernucci was suspended after police reportedly found banned products in his house. He remained suspended until his team received further information about the search.<ref name="New doping investigation in Italy revealed">{{cite web|title=New doping investigation in Italy revealed|date=6 April 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/new-doping-investigation-in-italy-revealed|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]| access-date=22 April 2010}}</ref> A day later, the same newspaper revealed more details of the investigation, claiming that 16 of the teams riders and staff had been placed under formal investigation for doping related offences. Amongst the names mentioned by the newspaper were current and former Lampre riders, including [[Francesco Gavazzi]], [[Damiano Cunego]], [[Alessandro Ballan]], and [[Mauro Santambrogio]]. Team manager Saronni, directeur sportifs Fabrizio Bontempi and Maurizio Piovani, current coach Sergio Gelati, and former Lampre doctor Dr Andrea Andreazzoli (In 2010 at [[Astana Team]] were also named.<ref name="Gazzetta dello Sport reveals more details of Mantova police investigation">{{cite web|title=Gazzetta dello Sport reveals more details of Mantova police investigation|date=7 April 2010 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gazzetta-dello-sport-reveals-more-details-of-mantova-police-investigation |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=22 April 2010}}</ref> On 9 April, BMC Racing suspended its riders Ballan and Santambrogio pending the outcome of the police investigation.<ref name="Ballan and Santambrogio pulled from racing">{{cite web| title=Ballan and Santambrogio pulled from racing|date=9 April 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ballan-and-santambrogio-pulled-from-racing|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=22 April 2010}}</ref>
* On 22 April 2010 Swiss Rider [[Thomas Frei]]'s A sample, taken during the [[Giro del Trentino]], was found to be positive for EPO. He was suspended by his team, [[BMC Racing Team]], pending further investigation and testing of his B sample.<ref name="BMC Racing suspend Thomas Frei following positive EPO test">{{cite news|title=BMC Racing suspend Thomas Frei following positive EPO test|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/7619071/c.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505101440/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/7619071/c.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 5, 2013|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=22 April 2010|location=London|date=22 April 2010}}</ref>
* Also on 22 April 2010, the UCI announced that [[Team Radio Shack]] rider [[Li Fuyu]] had tested positive for the banned substance clenbuterol during the [[Dwars door Vlaanderen]] on March 23. He was suspended by his team pending the outcome of the B sample testing.<ref name="Radioshack suspends Li after doping positive">{{cite web|title=Radioshack suspends Li after doping positive|date=22 April 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/radioshack-suspends-li-after-doping-positive|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=22 April 2010}}</ref>
* On 28 April, it was announced that [[Gabriele Bosisio]] would be suspended from professional cycling for 2 years. He tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition test in September 2009. He was provisionally suspended by the UCI on October 6, and so his ban would end on 5 October 2011.<ref name="Bosisio banned for two years">{{cite web|title=Bosisio banned for two years|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/bosisio-banned-for-two-years|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=30 April 2010}}</ref>
* On 3 May, the UCI announced the names of three riders who had returned irregular blood values in their blood passport. These riders were [[Franco Pellizotti]], [[Jesus Rosendo Prado]] and [[Tadej Valjavec]].<ref name="UCI names riders snared by Biological Passport">{{cite news|title=UCI names riders snared by Biological Passport|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-names-riders-snared-by-biological-passport|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=3 May 2010|date=3 May 2010}}</ref> On 22 June, the Spanish Cycling Federation cleared Rosendo.<ref name="The Spanish federation absolves Jesus Rosendo">{{cite web|title=The Spanish federation absolves Jesus Rosendo|url=http://www.cyclismag.com/article.php?sid=5889|publisher=[[CyclisMag]]|access-date=23 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920130535/http://cyclismag.com/article.php?sid=5889|archive-date=20 September 2010}}</ref> On 30 July, Valjavec was cleared by the Slovenian anti-doping agency.<ref name="Valjavec cleared by Slovenian anti-doping agency">{{cite web|title=Valjavec cleared by Slovenian anti-doping agency|date=30 July 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/valjavec-cleared-by-slovenian-anti-doping-agency|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=23 October 2010}}</ref> On 21 October, Pellizotti was also cleared by his own national anti-doping agency.<ref name="Italy's Franco Pellizotti cleared of passport tampering">{{cite news|title=Italy's Franco Pellizotti cleared of passport tampering|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/9115501.stm|publisher=BBC|access-date=23 October 2010|date=21 October 2010}}</ref> The UCI appealed the cases of Pellizotti and Valjavec to CAS and won both cases. 
* One day later, on 4 May, it was announced that French rider [[Mickaël Larpe]] had tested positive for EPO, ten hours after his house was raided by police.<ref name="Larpe Positive For EPO">{{cite news|title=Larpe Positive For EPO|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/larpe-positive-for-epo |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=4 May 2010|date=4 May 2010}}</ref>
* On 27 May, [[Francesco De Bonis]] became the first cyclist to be banned on the evidence of his blood passport results. His 2-year suspension was set to finish in June 2011, 2 years after he was first stopped from racing.<ref name="Passport program nets first doping ban">{{cite news|title=Passport program nets first doping ban|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/news/story?id=5226046|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=27 May 2010|location=USA|date=27 May 2010}}</ref> De Bonis appealed the case to CAS, but lost. 
* On 3 June, it was announced that [[Pietro Caucchioli]] had been banned for 2 years on the evidence of his irregular blood passport results, found in June 2009. His ban was set to finish in June 2011.<ref name="Pietro Caucchioli banned for two years">{{cite news|title=Pietro Caucchioli banned for two years|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/pietro-caucchioli-banned-for-two-years|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=3 June 2010|location=USA|date=3 June 2010}}</ref>
* On 17 June, the UCI announced that [[Ricardo Serrano (cyclist)|Ricardo Serrano]] had been suspended by the Spanish cycling federation ([[RFEC]]) for two years due to CERA having been found in two separate blood samples collected around a year ago. He was also implicated due to abnormal values in his blood passport.<ref name="Serrano suspended for two years on doping charges">{{cite news| title=Serrano suspended for two years on doping charges|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/serrano-suspended-for-two-years-on-doping-charges|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=17 June 2010|location=USA|date=17 June 2010}}</ref>
* On 20 June, media reports told of how [[Alessandro Petacchi]] had been notified at the start of the Tour de France that he had been placed under investigation by a prosecutor in Padova. Petacchi is accused of having used PFC ([[Perfluorocarbon]]) and human serum albumin.<ref name="Petacchi under Investigation in Italy">{{cite news| title=Petacchi under Investigation in Italy|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/petacchi-under-investigation-in-italy|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=29 October 2010|location=USA|date=20 June 2010}}</ref> The accusations stem from phone taps on a doctor from Brescia.<ref name="Petacchi returns to CONI for hearing">{{cite news| title=Petacchi returns to CONI for hearing|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/petacchi-returns-to-coni-for-hearing|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=29 October 2010|location=USA|date=25 August 2010}}</ref>
* On 7 July, it was announced that [[Niklas Axelsson]] had been suspended for life following positive analysis of his B-sample for EPO. He had previously been suspended for EPO use in 2001.<ref name="Axelsson B-sample positive">{{cite news| title=Axelsson B-sample positive|url=https://www.dn.se/sport/aven-axelssons-b-prov-positivt/|work=[[Dagens Nyheter]]| access-date=31 July 2010|location=Sweden|date=31 July 2010}}</ref>
* Three Brazilian riders were sanctioned for adverse findings during the Tour do Rio in July 2010: Jao Paulo de Oliveira (for [[phentermine]]) and two for [[stanazolol]]: Lucas Onesco and Jair Fernando dos Santos. All three received a two-year suspension and loss of results.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011"/>
* On 29 July, the UK Anti-doping agency posted the 2-year suspension for cyclist Dan Staite for EPO and ATD found in sample taken at a National B level event.<ref name="UK Doping Agency Case 244 - Dan Staite">{{cite web |title=Dan Staite Suspended for two years |url=http://www.ukad.org.uk/docLib/Drugs_findings_descisions/NADP_written_decision_244.pdf |archive-url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20110120063724mp_/http://www.ukad.org.uk/docLib/Drugs_findings_descisions/NADP_written_decision_244.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 20, 2011 |publisher=UK Anti Doping Agency |access-date=18 August 2010 }}</ref>
* On 8 September, while he was riding the [[2010 Vuelta a España]], it was announced that [[Roy Sentjens]] ({{UCI team code|MRM|2010}}) had failed an out of competition doping control and would be suspended from cycling.<ref name="Sentjens positive for EPO">{{cite web|title=Sentjens positive for EPO|date=8 September 2010|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/sentjens-positive-for-epo|publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=8 September 2010}}</ref> On September 10, Sentjens admitted to having doped with EPO that he had obtained in Barcelona, Spain, and declined to request the testing of his B-sample. He also announced his immediate retirement from professional cycling.<ref>Roy Sentjens admits EPO use and retires">{{cite web|title= Roy Sentjens admits EPO use and retires|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/5619/Doping-Roy-Sentjens-admits-EPO-use-and-retires.aspx|publisher=[[VeloNation]]|access-date=10 September 2010}}</ref> UCI handed him a 2-year ban on 27 December 2012.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2010"/> He changed his mind about retirement while serving his ban, and he made a comeback in 2012 with continental team Cyclingteam de Rijke.
* On 16 September, a UCI statement was released announcing that [[Óscar Sevilla]] had tested positive for the blood expander [[hydroxyethyl starch]] after the final stage of the Vuelta a Colombia, which he had won, on 15 August. He has been provisionally suspended.<ref name="Sevilla test positive for blood expander">{{cite web|title= Sevilla test positive for blood expander|date=16 September 2010 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/sevilla-tests-positive-for-blood-expander |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=16 September 2010}}</ref> On 30 September, it was announced that the Spanish Cycling Federation will let him continue racing until his B-sample is tested.<ref name="Oscar Sevilla enabled to continue competing">{{cite web|title= Oscar Sevilla enabled to continue competing|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=es&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistamundociclistico.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D8135%26Itemid%3D74 |publisher=[[Revista Mundo Ciclisto]]|access-date=30 September 2010}}</ref> On 14 September 2011, Sevilla was issued a six-month ban (14 Sept to 14 March 2012), for the anti-doping rule violation.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title= Sevilla given six month ban for Hydroxyethil Starch positive|date= September 27, 2011|work= Cyclingnewa|publisher= competitor network|url= http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/sevilla-given-six-month-ban-for-hydroxyethil-starch-positive|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111030033002/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/sevilla-given-six-month-ban-for-hydroxyethil-starch-positive|archive-date= October 30, 2011}}</ref>
* On 29 September, a UCI statement was released announcing that this year's Tour de France winner, [[Alberto Contador]], had tested positive for "a very small concentration" of the banned stimulant [[clenbuterol]], on July 21, one of the race's rest days. He had been suspended by the UCI for two years and loses all his titles won in this time, including the Tour de France 2010.<ref name="Press release - Adverse analytical finding for Alberto Contador">{{cite web|title=Press release - Adverse analytical finding for Alberto Contador|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?source=SiteSearch&id=NzA4MA&MenuId=MTI2Mjg&CharValList=664%3B607%3B571%3B&CharTextList=&CharFromList=&CharToList=&txtSiteSearch=&SelChar214=664&SelChar207=607&SelChar194=571&LangId=1|publisher=[[UCI Press Department]]|access-date=30 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319195234/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?source=SiteSearch&id=NzA4MA&MenuId=MTI2Mjg&CharValList=664%3B607%3B571%3B&CharTextList=&CharFromList=&CharToList=&txtSiteSearch=&SelChar214=664&SelChar207=607&SelChar194=571&LangId=1|archive-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>
* On 30 September, the UCI announced that [[Xacobeo-Galicia]] riders [[Ezequiel Mosquera]] and [[David García Dapena]] had both tested positive for hydroxyethyl starch on September 16, during the Vuelta a España. Mosquera had finished the race in 2nd place, and Dapena finished 11th overall.<ref name="Mosquera positive at the Vuelta">{{cite web|title= Mosquera positive at the Vuelta|date=30 September 2010 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mosquera-positive-at-the-vuelta |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=30 September 2010}}</ref> On 6 October, it was announced that Garcia Dapena had tested positive for EPO during the race, on 13 September.<ref name="Garcia positive for EPO at Vuelta">{{cite web|title= Garcia positive for EPO at Vuelta|date=6 October 2010 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/garcia-positive-for-epo-at-vuelta |publisher=[[Cyclingnews]]|access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref> Mosquera was handed a 2-year ban on 16 November 2011, while Garcia got an 18-month ban on 2 December 2011.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011"/>
* On 7 October, [[Joao Benta]] admitted to doping after having tested positive in July.<ref name="Portuguese cyclist Benta admits to doping">{{cite web|title=Portuguese cyclist Benta admits to doping|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/347591,cyclist-benta-admits-doping.html|publisher=[[EarthTimes]]|access-date=23 October 2010|archive-date=21 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004635/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/347591,cyclist-benta-admits-doping.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 9 October, [[Alessandro Colo]] was given a one-year ban by CONI for testing positive for clenbuterol on the last stage of the Vuelta Mexico.<ref name="Italian rider Colo given a reduced ban for Clenbuterol positive">{{cite web|title= Italian rider Colo given a reduced ban for Clenbuterol positive|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/5957/Italian-rider-Colo-given-a-reduced-ban-for-Clenbuterol-positive.aspx |publisher=[[VeloNation]]|access-date=9 October 2010}}</ref>
* On 22 October, [[Ivan Stević]] ([[Toyota-United]]/[[Partizan Srbija]]) was handed a 2-year backdated ban for the "use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method". His results from 17 September 2008 to 22 October 2010 were annulled and he was immediately free to compete again.<ref name="UCI sanction list 2010"/> Stević had originally been banned for life by the Italian anti-doping authority in September 2008 for his involvement in the [[Oil for Drugs]] case,<ref>Gregor Brown: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/stevic-appeals-lifetime-ban-from-coni/ Stevic appeals lifetime-ban from CONI], cyclingnews.com, 22 April 2009</ref> but got the ban reduced by CAS.

===2011===
*[[Greg Ball (cyclist)]]
* On February 6, 2011 [[Riccardo Riccò]] was admitted to a hospital in critical condition after what has been diagnosed as kidney failure, allegedly due to a blood transfusion he performed on himself with 25-day-old blood. Riccò admitted he had performed the transfusion to the doctor treating him in the presence of his girlfriend Vania Rossi. The doctor treating him reported this information to authorities leading to an investigation being opened against the professional cyclist by police and the Italian Olympic committee (CONI).<ref>{{cite web|author=Stephen Farrand |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/italian-police-investigate-ricco-for-blood-doping |title=Italian police investigate Riccò for blood doping |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |date=2011-02-08 |access-date=2012-07-18}}</ref> He was well enough to be released from hospital within two weeks, and was sacked by his team {{UCI team code|VAC|2011}}.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vacansoleil-fires-ricco-over-doping Vacansoleil fires Riccò over doping] Cyclingnews, February 19, 2011</ref>
* On 7 February, it was announced that [[Lorenzo Bernucci]] of the [[Lampre-Farnese Vini|Lampre-ISD]] team had been banned from cycling for five years. After his house was raided in 2010, prohibited substances were found and he was banned for 'the use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance or method, as well as the possession of prohibited substances'. Several members of his family were also banned for either three or four years due to their involvement.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/7347/Bernucci-handed-five-year-ban-four-family-members-also-hit-by-sanctions.aspx |title=Bernucci handed five year ban, four family members also hit by sanctions |publisher=Velonation.com |access-date=2011-07-19 |date=2011-07-19}}</ref>
* On 1 March, it was revealed that [[Tour de San Luis]] winner [[Marco Arriagada]] had tested positive for an 'anabolic substance' during the National Tour of Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/arriagada-positive-for-anabolic-substance |title=Arriadaga Positive for Anabolic Substance |date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=CyclingNews}}</ref>
* On 19 March, it was announced that [[Patrik Sinkewitz]] had tested positive for [[Growth Hormone|hGH]] at the GP di Lugano in late February. He has been provisionally suspended pending results of his B sample, and could face a lifetime ban for this second offence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/sinkewitz-returns-adverse-analytical-finding-for-human-growth-hormone |title=Sinkewitz returns adverse analytical finding for Human Growth Hormone |date=March 19, 2011 |publisher=CyclingNews}}</ref>
* On 3 May, CONI announced that [[Pasquale Muto]] had tested positive for EPO at the [[Giro dell'Appennino]] in April,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/pasquale-muto-tests-positive-for-epo |title=Pasquale Muto tests positive for EPO |date=May 3, 2011 |publisher=CyclingNews}}</ref> and subsequent testing of his 'B' sample confirmed the result <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mutos-b-sample-also-positive-for-epo |title=Muto's B sample also positive for EPO |date=May 24, 2011 |publisher=CyclingNews}}</ref>
* On June 11, CONI formally suspended [[Riccardo Riccò]], for "use or attempted use of prohibited methods."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/coni-suspends-ricco |title=CONI Suspends Riccò |date=10 June 2011 |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |access-date=2012-07-10}}</ref>
* On 1 July, USADA announced that Lisban Quintero had accepted a two-year ban after testing positive for [[norandrosterone]] at the Wilmington Grand Prix on May 22.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/07/news/lisban-quintero-accepts-two-year-suspension_180923 |title=Lisban Quintero accepts two-year suspension |date=July 1, 2011 |work=Velonews |publisher=competitor network |access-date=July 1, 2011 |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707042159/http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/07/news/lisban-quintero-accepts-two-year-suspension_180923 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On 12 July, during the 2011 Tour de France [[Alexandr Kolobnev]] was informed by the UCI of an Adverse Analytical Finding for the diuretic [[hydrochlorothiazide]] in an A sample collected on 6 July 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?id=NzQ1OQ&MenuId=MTYxNw&LangId=1&BackLink=%2FTemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI5%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuID%3DMTYxNw%26LangId%3D1 |title=Press release: Adverse Analytical Finding for Kolobnev |publisher=Union Cycliste Internationale |date=2011-07-11 |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715210112/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?id=NzQ1OQ&MenuId=MTYxNw&LangId=1&BackLink=%2FTemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI5%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuID%3DMTYxNw%26LangId%3D1 |archive-date=2011-07-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As the UCI Anti-Doping Rules do not provide for a provisional suspension given the nature of the substance Kolobnev voluntarily withdrew, with the team waiting on the B sample.<ref>{{cite news|title=Katusha Cycling - press release on Kolobnev's Adverse Analytical Finding response|url=http://www.katushateam.com/2011/eng/main.php?mod=news&m=07&n=736|access-date=18 July 2011|date=7 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110717050409/http://www.katushateam.com/2011/eng/main.php?mod=news&m=07&n=736|archive-date=17 July 2011}}</ref>
* On 12 August, David Clinger was issued a lifetime ban by the USADA, for a positive test for [[clenbuterol]] while serving a ban for a prior offense.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/08/news/david-clinger-gets-lifetime-ban-after-second-offense_188011|title= David Clinger gets lifetime ban after second offense|date= August 12, 2011|work= Velonews|publisher= competitor network|access-date= August 12, 2011|archive-date= September 1, 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110901092035/http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/08/news/david-clinger-gets-lifetime-ban-after-second-offense_188011|url-status= dead}}</ref>
<!-- *On the same day, the newspaper [[Gazzetta dello Sport]] published details of phonetaps and evidence from the ongoing investigation into doping at the [[Lampre-ISD]] team in [[Mantova]]. Due to this investigation, [[BMC Racing Team]] pulled former Lampre riders [[Alessandro Ballan]] and [[Mauro Santambrogio]] from their [[Giro d'Italia]] team. In addition to this, other former Lampre riders were withdrawn by their teams. [[Liquigas-Cannondale]] pulled their rider [[Mauro Da Dalto]] and [[Quick Step]] withdrew [[Marco Bandiera]] from their roster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gazzetta-dello-sport-publishes-evidence-from-mantova-doping-investigation |title=Gazzetta dello Sport publishes evidence from Mantova doping investigation |date=May 3, 2011 |publisher=CyclingNews}}</ref> [[Team Movistar]] later withdrew their rider [[Marzio Bruseghin]] from their team. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/bruseghin-out-of-movistars-giro-ditalia-line-up |title=Bruseghin out of Movistar's Giro d'Italia line-up |date=May 3, 2011 |publisher=CyclingNews}}</ref>
 -->
* On 3 September, [[Benito Ros Charral]] tested positive for [[Prednisolone]] and was eventually stripped of all results from the date of the test to 2 September 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/67/91/20141001SanctionsADRVEN20_English.pdf |title=Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules (ADR) |work=uci.ch |date=2014-10-01 |access-date=2016-09-04 |archive-date=2017-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110140822/http://uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/67/91/20141001SanctionsADRVEN20_English.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the first [[Mountain bike trials|trials rider]] to be disqualified for taking a banned substance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trialinside.com/laffaire-benito-ros/?lang=en |title=The Benito Ros Case |work=trialinside.com |date=2014-07-31 |access-date=2016-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914060521/http://www.trialinside.com/laffaire-benito-ros/?lang=en |archive-date=2016-09-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===2012===

====Sanctions after investigations====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; class=;"sortable"
!
!Case
!Banned substances/methods
!Sanction
!Reference
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Lance Armstrong]]|USA}}
|USADA Cycling investigation
|Use, possession, trafficking, administration of prohibited substances and methods and assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving one or more anti-doping rule violations and/or attempted anti-doping rule violations. 
|Life ban + loss of results from 1 August 1998 – 2012
|<ref name="cyclinginvestigation.usada.org">{{cite web|url=http://cyclinginvestigation.usada.org/|title=USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Michael Barry (cyclist)|Michael Barry]]|CAN}}
|USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation
|[[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]], [[Tetracosactide]]
|6 months + loss of results
|<ref name="Affidavit of Michael Barry">[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Barry%2c+Michael+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of Michael Barry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518234111/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Barry%2c+Michael+Affidavit.pdf |date=2013-05-18 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Tom Danielson]]|USA}}
|USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation
|[[Blood doping#Blood Transfusion|Blood transfusions]], [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]] 
|6 months + loss of results
|<ref name="Affidavit of Tom Danielson">[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Danielson%2c+Tom+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of Tom Danielson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422145407/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Danielson%2c+Tom+Affidavit.pdf |date=2013-04-22 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Michele Ferrari]]|ITA}}
|USADA Cycling investigation
|
|Life ban
|<ref name="cyclinginvestigation.usada.org"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[George Hincapie]]|USA}}
|USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation
|[[Blood doping#Blood Transfusion|Blood transfusions]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|6 months + loss of results
|<ref name="Affidavit of George Hincapie">[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Hincapie%2c+George+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of George Hincapie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029104844/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Hincapie%2c+George+Affidavit.pdf |date=2014-10-29 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Levi Leipheimer]]|USA}}
|USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation
|[[Actovegin]], [[Blood doping#Blood Transfusion|Blood transfusions]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Testosterone]]
|6 months + loss of results
|<ref name="Affidavit of Levi Leipheimer">[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Leipheimer%2c+Levi%2c+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of Levi Leipheimer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128142039/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Leipheimer%2c+Levi%2c+Affidavit.pdf |date=2013-01-28 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Luis Garcia del Moral]]|ESP}}
|USADA Cycling investigation
|
|Life ban
|<ref name="cyclinginvestigation.usada.org"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Michele Scarponi]]|ITA}}
|
|Working with banned doctor [[Michele Ferrari]]
|3 months
|<ref>[https://www.espn.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/8740316/cyclist-michele-scarponi-banned-3-months-seeing-banned-doctor-michele-ferrari Michele Scarponi banned 3 months], ESPN 13 December 2012</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Vande Velde]]|USA}}
|USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation
|[[Actovegin]], [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]], [[Tetracosactide]]
|6 months + loss of results
|<ref name="Affidavit of Christian Vande Velde">[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Vande+Velde+Christian+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of Christian Vande Velde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313093928/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Vande%2BVelde%2BChristian%2BAffidavit.pdf |date=2017-03-13 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Visconti (cyclist)|Giovanni Visconti]]|ITA}}
|
|Working with banned doctor [[Michele Ferrari]]
|3 months
|<ref>[https://www.espn.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/8747429/italian-cycling-champion-giovanni-visconti-banned-3-months Giovanni Visconti banned 3 months], ESPN 14 December 2012</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Matt White (cyclist)|Matt White]]|AUS}}
|
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|6 months
|<ref name="cyclingnews.com">[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/matt-white-steps-down-from-orica-greenedge-after-doping-confession Matt White steps down from Orica GreenEdge after doping confession], Cyclingnews.com, 13 October 2012</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[David Zabriskie]]|USA}}
|USADA's U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|6 months + loss of results
|<ref name="Affidavit of David Zabriski">[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Zabriskie+David+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of David Zabriski] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518025559/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/Zabriskie+David+Affidavit.pdf |date=2013-05-18 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|}

====Admissions of doping in the past====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; class=;"sortable"
!Cyclist
!Banned substances/methods
!Reference
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Michael Barry (cyclist)|Michael Barry]]|CAN}}
|[[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]], [[Tetracosactide]]
|<ref name="Affidavit of Michael Barry"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Tom Danielson]]|USA}}
|[[Blood doping#Blood Transfusion|Blood transfusions]], [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]] 
|<ref name="Affidavit of Tom Danielson"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Graziano Gasparre]]|ITA}}
|[[Amphetamine]], [[Cocaine]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gasparre-blames-doping-for-causing-tumour Gasparre blames doping for causing tumour], Cyclingnews.com, 27 November 2012</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[George Hincapie]]|USA}}
|[[Blood doping#Blood Transfusion|Blood transfusions]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref name="Affidavit of George Hincapie"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Stephen Hodge (cyclist)|Stephen Hodge]]|AUS}}
|[[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] 
|<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-19/cycling-australia-vice-president-resigns/4322804 I doped for six years - Hodge] ABC News 19 October 2012</ref> 
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Steven de Jongh]]|NED}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name=deJonghAdm/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Bobby Julich]]|USA}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name=JulichAdm/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Steffen Kjærgaard]]|NOR}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Cortisone]]
|<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/kjaergaard-confesses-to-doping-while-at-chicky-world-and-us-postal Kjaergaard confesses to doping while at Chicky World and US Postal], Cyclingnews.com 23 October 2012</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Levi Leipheimer]]|USA}}
|[[Actovegin]], [[Blood doping#Blood Transfusion|Blood transfusions]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref name="Affidavit of Levi Leipheimer"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Jan Ullrich]]|GER}}
|Admitted to dealings with Dr. [[Eufemiano Fuentes]] 
|<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ullrich-apologizes-for-fuentes-dealings Ullrich apologizes for Fuentes dealings], Cyclingnews, 10 February 2012</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Vande Velde]]|USA}}
|[[Actovegin]], [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]], [[Tetracosactide]]
|<ref name="Affidavit of Christian Vande Velde"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Vaughters]]|USA}}
|[[Actovegin]], [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>Jonathan Vaugthers: [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/opinion/sunday/how-to-get-doping-out-of-sports.html?_r=0 How to Get Doping Out of Sports], The New York Times, 11 August 2012</ref><ref>[http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/JV+Vaughters+Jonathan+Affidavit.pdf Affidavit of Jonathan Vaughters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518165957/http://d3epuodzu3wuis.cloudfront.net/JV+Vaughters+Jonathan+Affidavit.pdf |date=2013-05-18 }}, USADA</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Martin Vinnicombe]]|AUS}}
|
|<ref name=VinnicombeAdm/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Matt White (cyclist)|Matt White]]|AUS}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref name="cyclingnews.com"/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[David Zabriskie]]|USA}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref name="Affidavit of David Zabriski"/>
|-
|}

====Positive doping tests====
<!--
|
|{{flagathlete|[[]]|}}
|
|
|
| 
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
-->
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; class=;"sortable"
!Date
!Cyclist
!Event
!Race
!Banned substance
!Sanction
!Reference
|-
|21 February 
|{{flagathlete|[[Wendy Cruz]]|DOM}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|21 February
|{{flagathlete|[[Alexander Serebryakov (cyclist)|Alexander Serebryakov]]|RUS}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Out of competition test (retested in 2013)
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|4 years (second violation)
|<ref>[http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/14721/Reanalysis-of-2012-sample-uncovers-second-positive-EPO-test-for-Serebryakov.aspx Reanalysis of 2012 sample uncovers second positive EPO test for Serebryakov], Velonation 6 June 2013</ref>
|-
|21 February
|{{flagathlete|Pablo Pintos|URU}}
|
|
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|24 February
|{{flagathlete|Marco Degaldo|DOM}}
|
|
|[[Boldenone]] 
| 2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|25 February 
|{{flagathlete|[[Matías Médici]]|ARG}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Rutas de América]]
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|4 March
|{{flagathlete|Jaco Rheeder|RSA}} 
|[[Mountain bike racing|MTB]] (Amateur)
|Argus Mountain Bike Race
|[[Methamphetamine]]
|2 years
|<ref name="Cases">{{cite web|url=http://www.drugfreesport.org.za/cases|title=Cases|website=drugfreesport.org.za|publisher=The South African Institute for Drug Free Sport|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|22 March
|{{flagathlete|[[Denis Galimzyanov]]|RUS}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Out of competition test
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref name=Galimzyanov/>
|-
|1 April
|{{flagathlete|Shelby Stacy|USA}}
|[[BMX]]
|US BMX National Championships
|[[Methylhexaneamine]]
|6 months
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-stacy-accepts-sanction-for-doping-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Stacy, Accepts Sanction For Doping Violation|date=12 June 2012|website=usada.org|publisher=USADA|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|5 April
|{{flagathlete|Fernando Augusto Mendez Garcia|URU}}
|
|
|Exogenous Steroid
| 2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|10 April
|{{flagathlete|[[Steven Wong]]|HKG}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Out of competition test
|Exogenous Steroids
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|15 April
|{{flagathlete|Julio Cruz|USA}} (Age 43)
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]] (Masters)
|Parkland Circuit - BBPA
|[[Methylhexaneamine]]
|6 months
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usacycling.org/masters-athlete-cruz-accepts-sanction-for-doping-violation.htm|title=Masters athlete, Cruz, accepts sanction for doping violation|date=8 September 2012|website=usacycling.brg|publisher=USA Cycling|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170444/http://www.usacycling.org/masters-athlete-cruz-accepts-sanction-for-doping-violation.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|15 April
|{{flagathlete|Alexey Lomilov|RUS}}
|[[Mountain bike racing|MTB]] 
|
|[[Fenoterol]]
|3 months
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|24 April
|{{flagathlete|[[Ivaïlo Gabrovski]]|BUL}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[2012 Tour of Turkey|Tour of Turkey]]
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gabrovski-given-two-years-for-epo-use Gabrovski given two years for EPO use], Cyclingnews, 7 October 2012</ref>
|-
|1 May
|{{flagathlete|Jonas Elmiger|SUI}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop|Rund um den Finanzplatz]]
|Failed to submit to sample collection
|16 months 
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|6 May
|{{flagathlete|[[Blaž Furdi]]|SLO}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Großer Preis Sportland Niederösterreich Poysdorf
|[[Amphetamine]]
|2 years
|<ref>[http://tirol.orf.at/radio/stories/2536765/ Radprofi nahm "versehentlich Speed"], http://tirol.orf.at {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404214454/http://tirol.orf.at/ |date=2012-04-04 }} 11 June 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.nada.at/files/doc/Presseaussendungen-2012/Pressemitteilung-10-7-2012-Blaz-Furdi.pdf Pressemitteiltung Dopingverfahren Blaz FURDI (Radsport)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814011013/http://www.nada.at/files/doc/Presseaussendungen-2012/Pressemitteilung-10-7-2012-Blaz-Furdi.pdf |date=2014-08-14 }}, NADA 10 July 2012</ref>
|-
|19 May
|{{flagathlete|Andries van Straaten|RSA}} 
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]] (Amateur)
|
|[[Methylhexaneamine]]
|6 months
|<ref name="Cases"/>
|-
|20 May
|{{flagathlete|David Anthony|USA}} (Age 45)
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]] (Amateur)
|Gran Fondo New York
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/12503/Anthony-handed-two-year-ban-after-EPO-positive-at-Gran-Fondo-New-York.aspx|title=Anthony handed two year ban after EPO positive at Gran Fondo New York|date=25 July 2012|website=velonation.com|author=Shane Stokes|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|20 May
|{{flagathlete|Gabriele Guarini|ITA}} (Age 49)
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]] (Amateur)
|Gran Fondo New York
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/cyclist-guarini-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=Cyclist, Guarini, Accepts Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violation|date=7 September 2012|website=usada.org|publisher=USADA|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|24 May
|{{flagathlete|[[Volodymyr Bileka]]|UKR}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Tour of Trakya]]
|[[Norpseudoephedrine]]
|4 years (second violation)
|<ref name=UCIlist>[http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY Anti-doping violations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814011042/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY |date=2014-08-14 }} UCI</ref>
|-
|26 May
|{{flagathlete|[[Monica Bascio]]|USA}}
|[[Para-cycling]]
|UCI Para-cycling Road World Cup in Rome
|[[Tuaminoheptane]]
|3 months
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/15/us-paralympics-cyclist-monica-bascio-doping|title=US Paralympic cyclist Monica Bascio given three-month doping ban|date=15 August 2012|website=theguardian.com|access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usacycling.org/us-paralympic-cycling-athlete-bascio-accepts-sanction.htm|title=US Paralympic Cycling Athlete, Bascio, Accepts Sanction|date=15 August 2012|website=usacycling.or|publisher=USA Cycling|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170557/http://www.usacycling.org/us-paralympic-cycling-athlete-bascio-accepts-sanction.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|30 May
|{{flagathlete|[[Matti Helminen]]|FIN}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[2012 Tour de Luxembourg|Tour de Luxembourg]]
|[[Probenecid]]
|2 years
|<ref name=Helminen/>
|-
|11 June
|{{flagathlete|[[Stefano Di Carlo]]|ITA}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|
|[[Stanozolol]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|12 June 
|{{flagathlete|[[Rasa Leleivytė]]|LIT}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Out of competition test
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/leleivyte-positive-for-epo Leleivyte positive for EPO], Cyclingnews.com, 18 July 2012</ref>
|-
|14 July 
|{{flagathlete|[[Fränk Schleck]]|LUX}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[2012 Tour de France|Tour de France]]
|[[Xipamide]]
|1 year
|<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18880417 Frank Schleck fails drugs test at Tour de France], BBC 18 July 2012</ref>
|-
|24 July 
|{{flagathlete|[[Viktoria Baranova]]|RUS}}
|[[Track cycling|Track]]
|[[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympics]]
|[[Testosterone]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|8 August 
|{{flagathlete|[[José Belda]]|ESP}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Vuelta Ciclista a León]]
|[[Methylphenidate]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|11 August
|{{flagathlete|[[Sylwester Janiszewski]]|POL}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Memorial Henryk Lasak
|[[Androstatrienedione]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|25 August
|{{flagathlete|[[Mariano Giallorenzo]]|ITA}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Coppa Placci
|[[Norpseudoephedrine]]
|1 year
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|29 August
|{{flagathlete|[[David George (cyclist)|David George]]|RSA}}
|[[Mountain bike racing|MTB]]
|
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 year
|<ref name=DGeorge/>
|-
|11 September
|{{flagathlete|[[Yovcho Yovchev]]|BUL}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Tour of Bulgaria]]
|[[Amphetamine]]
|4 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|21 September 
|{{flagathlete|[[Steve Houanard]]|FRA}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|Out of competition test
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/><ref name=Houanard/>
|-
|30 September
|{{flagathlete|Erick Irmisch|GER}}
|[[Mountain bike racing|MTB]]
|IXSGerman Downhill Cup 
|[[Cocaine]]
|1 year
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|30 September
|{{flagathlete|Cyril Jay-Rayon|USA}} 
|[[Mountain bike racing|MTB]] 
|USA Cycling Mountain Bike 24-Hour National Championships
|[[Modafinil]]
|18 months
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usacycling.org/cycling-athlete-jay-rayon-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule.htm|title=Cycling athlete, Jay-Rayon, accepts sanction for anti-doping rule|date=31 December 2012|website=usacycling.brg|publisher=USA Cycling|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145422/http://www.usacycling.org/cycling-athlete-jay-rayon-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|7 October
|{{flagathlete|[[Pavol Polievka]]|SVK}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Grand Prix Chantal Biya]]
|[[Stanozolol]], T/E Ratio˃4, [[19-Norandrosterone]]
|4 years 
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|21 October + 18 November 
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatsiana Sharakova]]|BLR}}
|[[Track cycling|Track]]
|[[2012 UEC European Track Championships|UEC European Track Championships]]
|[[Tuaminoheptane]]
|18 months
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|23 December
|{{flagathlete|Alan Jose Morales Castillo|CRC}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]
|[[GW501516]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|23 October
|{{flagathlete|Becaye Traore|SEN}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Tour du Faso]]
|[[Niketamide]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|20 December
|{{flagathlete|Marco Salas|CRC}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]
|[[Clostebol]]
|1 year
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|25 December
|{{flagathlete|Pablo Muddara|CRC}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]
|[[GW501516]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|27 & 29 December
|{{flagathlete|Steven Villalobos Azofeifa|CRC}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]
|[[GW501516]]
|2 years
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|28 December
|{{flagathlete|Paulo Vargas Barrantes|CRC}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road]]
|[[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]
|[[GW501516]]
|12 years 
|<ref name=UCIlist/>
|-
|
|
|}

====Doping cases====
* On 19 January, amateur French rider Alexandre Dougnier ([[Athletic Club de Boulogne-Billancourt]]) was banned for three years by the [[Fédération Française de Cyclisme|FFC]] after a urine sample taking in May 2011 tested positive for twelve prohibited substances, thought to be a record number in an individual case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://road.cc/content/news/50936-doping-dozen-3-year-ban-french-amateur-who-tested-positive-12-illegal-substances|title=Doping by the dozen: 3-year ban for French amateur who tested positive for 12 illegal substances|date=January 22, 2012|publisher=road.cc|first=Simon|last=MacMichael}}</ref>
* On 6 February the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] handed [[Alberto Contador]] a two-year sanction for his positive test for [[clenbuterol]] at the [[2010 Tour de France]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cas-sanction-contador-with-two-year-ban-in-clenbuterol-case|title=CAS sanctions Contador with two year ban in clenbutorol case|date=6 February 2012|access-date=6 February 2012|work=Cyclingnews|publisher=Future Publishing Limited}}</ref> The ban means Contador will lose race results dating back to and including the [[2010 Tour de France]]. The ban ended on August 5, 2012, allowing him to ride in the [[2012 Vuelta a España]]. Contador won, his first race on this return.
* On 16 April, it was announced that [[Denis Galimzyanov]] of [[Team Katusha]] had been provisionally suspended after he tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition test on March 22.<ref name=Galimzyanov>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/denis-galimzyanov-returns-positive-test-for-epo|title=Denis Galimzyanov returns positive test for EPO|date=April 16, 2012|work=Cycling News}}</ref> He subsequently admitted the charge and waived the B sample testing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/galimzyanov-confesses-to-epo-use
|title=Galimzyanov confesses to EPO use|date=April 17, 2012|work=Cycling News}}</ref> In December, it was announced that Galimzyanov was suspended for two years, starting retroactively on 13 April 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/cycling/Cycling-Denis-Galimzyanov-banned-for-two-years-for-doping/articleshow/17693535.cms|title=Cycling: Denis Galimzyanov banned for two years for doping|work=The Times of India|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=20 December 2012|access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref>
* On 30 May, [[Matti Helminen]] tested positive for [[Probenecid]] at the Tour de Luxembourg, He received a two-year suspension.<ref name=Helminen>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/helminen-banned-two-years-for-doping|title=Helminen banned two years for doping| date=12 November 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 13 June, the USADA sent a letter to cyclist [[Lance Armstrong]], team leader [[Johan Bruyneel]], doctor [[Michele Ferrari]], team doctors Pedro Celaya and Luis Garcia del Moral, and trainer Jose Pepe Martí) charging them with conspiring in doping between 1998 and 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303734204577464882123553256|title=Armstrong to Face Doping Charges |date=13 June 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
* On 10 July, police raided [[Cofidis (cycling team)|Cofidis]] hotel and took [[Remy di Gregorio]] into custody, effectively withdrawing him from the [[2012 Tour de France|Tour de France]] he was competing in at the time. This is related to a doping affair which happened in 2011 when di Gregorio was riding for [[Astana (cycling team)|Astana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cofidis-hotel-raided-di-gregorio-arrested-at-tour-de-france|title=Cofidis hotel raided, Di Grégorio arrested at Tour de France|date=July 10, 2012|work=cyclingnews}}</ref> In April 2013, with the investigation still ongoing, Di Gregorio was cleared to race again.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/di-gregorio-cleared-to-race-and-threatens-to-sue-cofidis|title=Di Gregorio cleared to race and threatens to sue Cofidis|work=Cycling News|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|date=9 April 2013|access-date=9 April 2013|author=Brecht Decaluwé}}</ref>
* On 10 July, the USADA issued lifetime bans for Michele Ferrari, Luis Garcia del Moral, and Jose Pepe Marti in relation to the doping conspiracy charges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/media/sanction-usps7102012|title=Members Of The United States Postal Service Pro-Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy...|date=10 July 2012|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> Jose Pepe Marti later opted to have his case taken in arbitration, and the USADA agreed to the request, suspending his lifetime ban.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/martis-lifetime-ban-suspended-by-usada|title=Martí's lifetime ban suspended by USADA|work=Cycling News|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|date=9 August 2012|access-date=10 August 2012}}</ref>
* On 17 July, [[Fränk Schleck]] was removed from the [[Tour de France 2012|Tour de France]] by his team [[Trek–Segafredo (men's team)|RadioShack-Nissan]] during the second rest day after his A-sample returned traces of [[Xipamide]].<ref name=SchleckXipamide>{{cite news|author=Richard Williams in Pau |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/17/tour-de-france-frank-schleck |title=Frank Schleck tests positive for banned diuretic and is out of Tour |work=The Guardian |access-date=2012-07-18 |location=London |date=17 July 2012}}</ref> Schleck's B-sample confirmed the positive result, and Schleck claims he was poisoned.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fränk Schleck doping positive confirmed|date=20 July 2012|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/frank-schleck-doping-positive-confirmed|publisher=Cyclingnews|access-date=20 July 2012}}</ref> In January 2013, it was announced that Schleck was handed a ban of one year by the Luxembourg Anti-Doping Agency, who specified that it was a "verdict of accidental contamination" and the traces of Xipamide were very low.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13823/Frank-Schleck-handed-one-year-ban-by-Luxembourg-Anti-Doping.aspx|title=Fränk Schleck handed one year ban by Luxembourg Anti-Doping|work=VeloNation|publisher=Velo Nation LLC|date=30 January 2013|access-date=30 January 2013|author=Ben Atkins}}</ref> The ban has been retrospectively applied, so Schleck will be able to compete again after 14 July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/frank-schleck-given-one-year-doping-ban|title=Fränk Schleck given one-year doping ban|work=CyclingNews|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|date=30 January 2013|access-date=30 January 2013}}</ref>
* On 18 July, it was announced that Bulgarian [[Ivailo Gabrovski]] had tested positive for EPO with his A sample after winning the third stage of the [[Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey]] in [[Elmalı]]. He subsequently won the Tour, but could face a ban and the loss of his title if the B sample is positive.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/12433/Tour-of-Turkey-winner-Gabrovski-suspended-for-A-sample-EPO-positive-doping-test.aspx|title=Tour of Turkey winner Gabrovski suspended for A-sample EPO positive doping test|work=VeloNation|publisher=VeloNation LLC|date=18 July 2012|access-date=18 July 2012|first=Shane|last=Stokes}}</ref> On 14 September, the news reported that the B sample turned out positive too, and the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] was awaiting official sanctions from the Bulgarian Federation to cancel Gabrovski's win.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/12858/Tour-of-Turkey-winner-Gabrovski-faces-disqualification-with-B-sample-also-positive-for-EPO.aspx|title=Tour of Turkey winner Gabrovski faces disqualification with B sample also positive for EPO|work=Velo Nation|publisher=Velo Nation LLC|date=14 September 2012|access-date=14 September 2012|author=Shane Stokes}}</ref>
* On 18 July, information was released to the press stating that Lithuanian female rider [[Rasa Leleivytė]] had failed a doping test on June 12 of the same year and that her A sample was consistent with the use of [[Erythropoietin|EPO]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/leleivyte-positive-for-epo|title=Leleivyte positive for EPO|work=Cycling News|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|date=18 July 2012|access-date=18 July 2012}}</ref>
* On 23 August, [[Lance Armstrong]] declined to proceed to arbitration and contest the charges of systematic doping levied against him by the [[United States Anti-Doping Agency]].<ref name = "Stokes" >{{cite web|last=Stokes|first=Shane|title=Armstrong says no USADA arbitration, faces possible lifetime ban and loss of Tour titles over doping charges|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/12710/Armstrong-says-no-USADA-arbitration-faces-possible-lifetime-ban-and-loss-of-Tour-titles-over-doping-charges.aspx|publisher=VeloNation.com|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> Thus, Armstrong was deemed guilty of doping and banned for life, and USADA disqualified his results from 1 August 1998.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armstrong banned for life|url=http://www.sport24.co.za/OtherSport/Cycling/Armstrong-banned-for-life-20120824|publisher=News24.com|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref>
* On 29 August, mountainbiker and former road cyclist [[David George (cyclist)|David George]] tested positive for EPO.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/former-armstrong-teammate-george-fails-epo-test|title=Former Armstrong teammate, George fails EPO test| date=6 November 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref> He received a two-year suspension.<ref name=DGeorge>{{cite web|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2012/12/05/former-lance-armstrong-teammate-banned-for-2-years/|title=Former Lance Armstrong Teammate Banned For 2 Years| date=5 December 2012| website=philadelphia.cbslocal.com |publisher=CBS Philly| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 29 August, it was announced that 47-year-old [[Soren Svenningsen]] had tested positive for three banned substances in an amateur race on June 30 of the same year. Svenningsen was a board member of the [[Danish Cycling Union]] and of the Clearidium anti-doping agency. He resigned from the Cycling Union.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/12750/Danish-Cycling-Union-shocked-after-board-member-tests-positive.aspx|title=Danish Cycling Union shocked after board member tests positive|date=29 August 2012|access-date=29 August 2012|work=Velo Nation|publisher=Velo Nation LLC|author=Shane Stokes}}</ref>
* On 7 September, UCI president Pat McQuaid said the UCI has asked the USADA to provide the UCI with the files of [[Tom Danielson]], [[Christian Vande Velde]] and [[David Zabriskie]] after their team manager, [[Jonathan Vaughters]], suggested that the three had doped in the past.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/48942724 | title=UCI not considering CAS appeal in Armstrong case: McQuaid | publisher=CNBC | date=September 7, 2012 | access-date=September 9, 2012 | author=Osmond, Ed | quote=McQuaid also asked the USADA to provide the UCI with three Garmin-Barracuda riders' files after their own team manager Jonathan Vaughters hinted this month that they had doped earlier in their careers. }}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vaughters-confirms-past-doping-by-danielson-others-at-garmin | title=Vaughters confirms past doping by Danielson, others at Garmin | publisher=Cycling News | date=September 6, 2012 | access-date=September 9, 2012}}</ref>
* On 9 October, it was announced that [[Steve Houanard]] failed an off-competition doping test performed on 21 September 2012. His A-sample was consistent with the use of [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] and he was provisionally suspended by the UCI.<ref name=Houanard>{{cite news|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13028/Steve-Houanard-provisionally-suspended-after-A-sample-positive-for-EPO.aspx|title=Steve Houanard provisionally suspended after A-sample positive for EPO|work=Velo Nation|publisher=Velo Nation LLC|date=9 October 2012|access-date=10 October 2012|author=Ben Atkins}}</ref> Houanard accepted a 2-year ban on 18 January 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/hoste-under-investigation-for-biological-passport-violation|title=Hoste under investigation for biological passport violation|work=CyclingNews|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|date=22 January 2013|access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref>
* On 10 October, [[USADA]] announced that [[Levi Leipheimer]], [[Christian Vande Velde]], [[David Zabriskie]], [[Tom Danielson]], [[Michael Barry (cyclist)|Michael Barry]] and [[George Hincapie]] had admitted to doping at [[U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team]] and that they were suspended for six months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/six-former-armstrong-usps-teammates-receive-bans-from-usada|title=Six former Armstrong USPS teammates receive bans from USADA| last=Benson| first=Daniel| date=10 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref> Hincapie and Barry had retired earlier in the season while Team Omega Pharma-Quickstep terminated Leipheimers contract a week later,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/omega-pharma-quickstep-terminates-leipheimer-contract|title=Omega Pharma-Quickstep terminates Leipheimer contract| date=16 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref> and he eventually had to retire from pro cycling as he could not get a new contract. Zabriskie, Danielson and Vande Velde came back after the suspensions, but two of them retired after the 2013 season, with only Danielson still riding pr. 2014.
* On 10 October [[USADA]] published its Reasoned Decision with appendices and supporting material of their investigation into doping at the US Postal and Discovery teams, a 1000+ pages long document. The document was made public for everyone to read at USADA's website, with only some names redacted from affidavits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/usadas-reasoned-decision-on-lance-armstrong-follows-the-money-trail|title=USADA's reasoned decision on Lance Armstrong follows the money trail| last=Weislo| first=Laura| date=10 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyclinginvestigation.usada.org/|title=U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation| date=10 October 2012| website=cyclinginvestigation.usada.org/|publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 12 October, the Radioshack-Nissan-Trek team sacked general manager [[Johan Bruyneel]] as a consequence of the USADA doping investigation and the revelations of the USADA reasoned decision documents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/radioshack-nissan-cut-ties-with-bruyneel|title=RadioShack-Nissan cut ties with Bruyneel| date=12 October 2014| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 13 October, as a consequence of the USADA doping investigation, [[Matt White (cyclist)|Matt White]] admits to doping while at US Postal. He steps down from his job in the management of Pro Tour team [[Orica-GreenEDGE]] and as selector for the Australian national team.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/matt-white-steps-down-from-orica-greenedge-after-doping-confession| title =Matt White steps down from Orica GreenEdge after doping confession| last =Benson| first =Daniel| date =13 October 2012| publisher =Cyclingnes.com| access-date =16 July 2014}}</ref>
* On 17 October, as a consequence of the USADA doping investigation and the revelations of the USADA reasoned decision documents, [[Team Sky]] announces that riders and staff will have to sign an anti-doping declaration confirming that they have no past or present involvement in doping, a zero tolerance policy to doping. Anyone not signing will have to leave the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/team-sky-asks-riders-and-staff-to-sign-anti-doping-declaration|title=Team Sky asks riders and staff to sign anti-doping declaration| date=17 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| author= Daniel Benson & Stephen Farrand| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 18 October, [[Stephen Hodge (cyclist)|Stephen Hodge]] admits to doping in the past and steps down from his role as vice president of Cycling Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cycling-australia-vice-president-hodge-steps-down-admits-doping|title=Cycling Australia vice president Hodge steps down, admits doping| last=Aubrey| first=Jane| date=18 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/cycling-australia-vice-president-stephen-hodge-resigns-after-confessing-to-doping/story-e6frg6n6-1226499246901?nk=9fbf3041a492a843090f962dc6b5410c|title=Cycling Australia vice-president Stephen Hodge resigns after confessing to doping, insists Cadel Evans in clean | date=19 October 2012| website=theaustralian.com.au| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 19 October, Rabobank announced that they would end their sponsorship of the professional men's and women's teams as a consequence of the USADA doping investigation and the revelations of the USADA reasoned decision documents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cycling-rabobank-idUSBRE89I0DC20121019|title=Dutch Rabobank quits cycling after Armstrong scandal|date=19 October 2012|website=reuters.com|access-date=13 August 2014|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814004554/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/19/us-cycling-rabobank-idUSBRE89I0DC20121019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/rabobank-to-end-its-sponsorship-of-professional-cycling-teams|title=Rabobank to end its sponsorship of professional cycling teams|date=19 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref> They later changed their mind about the women's team.
* On 22 October, UCI ratifies USADA's ban of Lance Armstrong.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/cycling-lance-armstrong-titles-idINDEE89L07D20121022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124113321/http://in.reuters.com/article/cycling-lance-armstrong-titles-idINDEE89L07D20121022|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 24, 2016|title="Sickened" UCI strips Armstrong of Tour wins |date=22 October 2012| website=in.reuters.com |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/statement-details-uci-position-on-armstrong-ban|title=Statement details UCI position on Armstrong ban |date=22 October 2012| website=cyclingnnews.com |access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> At the press conference, UCI president [[Pat McQuaid]] said that "Lance Armstong has no place in cycling."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mcquaid-lance-armstrong-has-no-place-in-cycling |title=McQuaid: "Lance Armstrong has no place in cycling"| date=22 October 2012| website=cyclingnnews.com| access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> McQuaid also called whistleblowers [[Floyd Landis]] and [[Tyler Hamilton]] "scumbags."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mcquaid-landis-and-hamilton-are-far-from-heroes|title=McQuaid: Landis and Hamilton are far from heroes| last=Ryan| first=Barry| date=23 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 23 October, as a consequence of the USADA doping investigation, [[Steffen Kjærgaard]] admitted to doping in the past.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/kjaergaard-confesses-to-doping-while-at-chicky-world-and-us-postal|title=Kjaergaard confesses to doping while at Chicky World and US Postal |date=23 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref> The substances he used were [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[cortisone]], and other illegal drugs. Kjærgaard had been the director for the [[Norwegian Cycling Federation]] for several years after his retirement from cycling, and was immediately removed from the position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sykling.no/nyheter/arkivnyheterfralandevei/Sider/Steffen%20Kj%C3%A6rgaard%20permitert%202012.aspx|title=Steffen Kjærgaard permittert|date=23 October 2012|website=sykling.no|access-date=13 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813220043/http://www.sykling.no/nyheter/arkivnyheterfralandevei/Sider/Steffen%20Kj%C3%A6rgaard%20permitert%202012.aspx|archive-date=13 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 25 October, [[Bobby Julich]], in the wake of USADAS Reasoned Decision and as a result of Skys zero tolerance policy, admits to doping in the past and leaves his job as race coach at [[Team Sky]].<ref name=JulichAdm>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/exclusive-bobby-julich-doping-confession|title=Exclusive: Bobby Julich doping confession| date=25 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teamsky.com/article/0,27290,17546_8194069,00.html|title=Julich leaves Team Sky|date=29 October 2012|website=teamsky.com|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203545/http://www.teamsky.com/article/0,27290,17546_8194069,00.html|archive-date=12 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 26 October, the UCI Management Committee announced its decision to not reallocate the Tour victories or any other of Armstrongs results in the period between 1998 and 2005. The ruling extended "from now on to any competitive sporting results disqualified due to doping for the period from 1998 to 2005, without prejudice to the statute of limitation."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails2011.asp?id=ODg0NQ&MenuId=MTYzMDQ&LangId=1|title=Press release: UCI takes decisive action in wake of Lance Armstrong affair|date=26 October 2012|website=uci.ch|access-date=13 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813211602/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails2011.asp?id=ODg0NQ&MenuId=MTYzMDQ&LangId=1|archive-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-management-committee-will-not-reallocate-armstrongs-tours|title=UCI management committee will not reallocate Armstrong's Tours| date=26 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 28 October, it becomes known that sports directors [[Sean Yates]] and [[Steven de Jongh]] are leaving [[Team Sky]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13161/Yates-and-De-Jongh-said-to-have-left-Sky-after-zero-tolerance-doping-questions.aspx|title=Yates and De Jongh said to have left Sky after zero tolerance doping questions| date=27 October 2012| website=velonation.com| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/yates-and-de-jongh-out-of-team-sky|title=Yates and De Jongh out of Team Sky| date=28 October 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 29 October, [[Steven de Jongh]] admits to doping in the past<ref name=deJonghAdm>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/open-letter-from-steven-de-jongh-37433|title=Open letter from Steven de Jongh|date=29 October 2012|website=cyclingweekly.co.uk|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-date=23 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323134731/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/open-letter-from-steven-de-jongh-37433|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Team Sky confirms that he is leaving the team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teamsky.com/article/0,27290,17546_8208971,00.html|title=De Jongh exits Team Sky. Team reaffirms stance on anti-doping|date=29 October 2012|website=teamsky.com|publisher=Team Sky|access-date=12 August 2012|archive-date=28 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128081028/http://www.teamsky.com/article/0,27290,17546_8208971,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 2 November, [[World Anti-Doping Agency|WADA]] announces that it is not going to appeal USADAs decision on Lance Armstrong.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/wada-will-not-appeal-usada-decision-on-lance-armstrong|title=WADA will not appeal USADA decision on Lance Armstrong| date=2 November 2012| website=cyclingnews.com |access-date =13 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/nov/02/wada-lance-armstrong-sanctions|title=Wada satisfied with sanctions against disgraced Lance Armstrong |date=2 November 2014| website=theguardian.co| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 20 November, CONI asks for 3-month suspensions for [[Michele Scarponi]] and [[Giovanni Visconti (cyclist)|Giovanni Visconti]] for having worked with banned doctor [[Michele Ferrari]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/coni-requests-three-month-bans-for-scarponi-and-visconti|title=CONI requests three-month bans for Scarponi and Visconti| date=20 November 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coni.it/it/attivita-istituzionali/antidoping/1415-antidoping-la-procura-deferisce-i-ciclisti-michele-scarponi-e-michele-visconti,-chiesti-tre-mesi-di-squalifica-disposti-altri-quattro-provvedimenti.html|title=ANTIDOPING: La Procura deferisce i ciclisti Michele Scarponi e Giovanni Visconti, chiesti tre mesi di squalifica. Disposti altri quattro provvedimenti |publisher=CONI| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref> 
* On 30 November, [[Martin Vinnicombe]] admits to doping in the past.<ref name=VinnicombeAdm>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/senior-australian-cycling-figure-assisted-injection-alleges-vinnicombe|title=Senior Australian cycling figure assisted injection, alleges Vinnicombe| date=20 November 2012| website=cyclingnews.com| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cycling/top-official-helped-me-inject-says-vinnicombe-20121119-29m9t.html|title=Top official helped me inject, says Vinnicombe| date=20 November 2012|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald| access-date =13 August 2014}}</ref>

===2013===

====Admissions of doping in the past====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; class=;"sortable"
!Cyclist
!Banned substances/methods
!Reference
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Lance Armstrong]]|USA}}
|Blood transfusions, [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/21065539 Lance Armstrong & Oprah Winfrey: interview transcript], bbc.co.uk 18 January 2013</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Michael Boogerd]]|NED}}
|Blood transfusions, [[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name=BoogerdAdm/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Eddy Bouwmans]]|NED}}
|[[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref>[http://www.dopeology.org/incidents/Bouwmans-admission/ Bouwmans admission 17/01/2013 Admission statement #968], dopeology.org</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Thomas Dekker (cyclist)|Thomas Dekker]]|NED}}
|Blood transfusions, [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>[http://www.dopeology.org/incidents/Dekker,-T-admission/ Dekker, T admission 19/01/2013 Admission statement #930], dopeology.org</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Jacky Durand]]|FRA}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name=OGradyAdm/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Ryder Hesjedal]]|CAN}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name="Hesjedal">[http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/10/news/cycling-canada-concerned-about-hesjedal-doping-allegations_306627 Hesjedal admits to doping: 'I chose the wrong path' ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819100311/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/10/news/cycling-canada-concerned-about-hesjedal-doping-allegations_306627 |date=2014-08-19 }}, velonews.com 30 October 2013</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Rudi Kemna]]|NED}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>Susan Westemeyer: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/argos-shimano-ds-kemna-confesses-to-epo-use-at-bankgirolterij Argos-Shimano DS Kemna confesses to EPO use at Bankgirolterij], cyclingnews.com, 24 January 2014</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Marc Lotz]]|NED}}
|[[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>[http://www.dopeology.org/incidents/Lotz-admission-2/ Lotz admission #2 20/01/2013 Admission statement #933], dopeology.org</ref><ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/lotz-confirms-doping-at-rabobank-wauters-denies-it Lotz confirms doping at Rabobank, Wauters denies it] cyclingnews.com, 21 January 2013</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Danny Nelissen]]|NED}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/nelissen-confesses-to-doping-at-rabobank Nelissen confesses to doping at Rabobank], cyclingnews.com 20 January 2013</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Stuart O'Grady]]|AUS}}
|[[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name=OGradyAdm/>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]]|DEN}}
|Blood transfusions, [[Cortisone]], [[Dehydroepiandrosterone|DHEA]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human Growth Hormone|hGH]], [[IGF-1]], [[Insulin]], [[Testosterone]]
|<ref>[http://www.antidoping.dk/om-add/aktuelt/2013/01/michael_rasmussen_uk Michael Rasmussen ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085053/http://www.antidoping.dk/om-add/aktuelt/2013/01/michael_rasmussen_uk |date=2014-08-19 }}, Anti Doping Danmark</ref>
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Rolf Sørensen]]|DEN}}
|[[Cortisone]], [[Erythropoietin|EPO]]
|<ref name=SorensenAdm/>
|}

====Doping cases====
* On 15 January, the Dutch Cycling Federation and UCI WorldTour teams [[Blanco Pro Cycling]] and [[Vacansoleil-DCM]] announced that they no longer would hire any rider or staff member who had served more than a six-month doping ban.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/dutch-cycling-announces-strict-new-anti-doping-policy Dutch cycling announces strict new anti-doping policy], cyclingnews.com 15 January 2013</ref>
* On 15 January, WADA and USADA said they would not be participating in UCI's Independent Commission. They voiced concerns about lack of impartiality and the commission's lack of power to grant amnesty.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/anti-doping-agencies-refuse-to-join-uci-independent-commission Anti-Doping agencies refuse to join UCI Independent Commission], cyclingnews.com 15 January 2013</ref>
* On 17 January, IOC stripped Lance Armstrong of the 2000 Olympic time trial bronze medal.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/armstrong-stripped-of-bronze-medal-from-sydney-olympics Armstrong stripped of bronze medal from Sydney Olympics], cyclingnews.com 17 January 2013</ref>
* On 19 January, [[Thomas Dekker (cyclist)|Thomas Dekker]] confessed to blood doping while riding for Rabobank, and said that "Doping was a way of life at Rabobank".<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/doping-was-a-way-of-life-at-rabobank-says-thomas-dekker Doping was a way of life at Rabobank, says Thomas Dekker], cyclingnews.com 19 January 2013</ref>
* On 22 January, UCI announced that [[Leif Hoste]] was under investigation over abnormalities in his [[Biological passport]].<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/hoste-under-investigation-for-biological-passport-violation Hoste under investigation for biological passport violation] cyclingnews.com, 22 January 2013</ref>
* On 31 January, [[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]] held a press conference where he admitted the use of doping for much of his pro career. He stated that he had used [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[Human growth hormone|growth hormone]], [[testosterone]], [[DHEA]], [[insulin]], [[IGF-1]], [[cortisone]] and did [[blood transfusion]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/michael-rasmussen-confesses-to-12-years-of-doping|title=Michael Rasmussen confesses to 12 years of doping|work=CyclingNews|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|date=31 January 2013|access-date=31 January 2013}}</ref>
* On 6 March, [[Michael Boogerd]] held a press conference for Dutch news broadcaster NOS where he admitted to have used doping at the peak of his career (from 1997 until 2007). He stated that he had used [[Erythropoietin|EPO]], [[cortisone]] and was subject of [[blood transfusion]]s.<ref name=BoogerdAdm>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/mar/06/michael-boogerd-admits-doping |title=Former Dutch pro cyclist Michael Boogerd admits doping for a decade |access-date=2013-08-19 |location=London |work=The Guardian |date=6 March 2013}}</ref>
* On 8 March, Jason Rogers tested positive for Methylhexaneamine. He received a nine-month sanction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-rogers-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Rogers, Accepts Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=27 November 2013| website=usada.org|publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 10 March, [[Yosmani Pol Rodriguez]] tested positive for Dexamethasone. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-pol-rodriguez-accepts-sanction-for-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Pol Rodriguez, Accepts Sanction For Violation| date=19 April 2013| website=usada.org|publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 18 March, [[Rolf Sørensen]] admitted using EPO and Cortisone during the 1990s.<ref name=SorensenAdm>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/rolf-sorensen-admits-to-doping-in-the-1990s|title=Rolf Sørensen admits to doping in the 1990s|work=Cyclingnews.com|date=18 March 2013|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>
* On 15 May, it was announced that [[Miguel Ubeto]] ({{UCI team code|LAM|2013}}) had tested positive for GW-501516 in an out-of-competition control 16 April.<ref>[http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/05/news/lampres-miguel-ubeto-suspended-for-gw1516-sulfone_286846 Lampre's Miguel Ubeto suspended for GW1516 sulfone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124113319/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/05/news/lampres-miguel-ubeto-suspended-for-gw1516-sulfone_286846 |date=2016-01-24 }}, Velo News, 15 May 2013</ref> Ubeto had been recommended the drug by a doctor in Venezuela after surgery.<ref>[http://www.cyclingquotes.com/news/ubeto_makes_public_apology_after_positive_test/ Ubeto makes public apology after positive test], cyclingquotes.com, 16 May 2013</ref> The Venezuelan federation handed Ubeto a two-year ban from sport, which was later cut to 14 months.<ref>CQ Ranking: [http://cqranking.com/men/asp/gen/rider.asp?riderid=1394 Miguel Ubeto], cqranking.com</ref><ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/67/91/20141001SanctionsADRVEN20_English.pdf Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations a per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules (ADR)], uci.ch</ref>
* On 15 May, [[Sylvain Georges]] tested positive for heptaminol.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/sylvain-georges-positive-for-heptaminol|title=Sylvain Georges positive for Heptaminol|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=15 May 2013|access-date=3 May 2015}}</ref>
* On 29 May, it was announced that [[Danilo Di Luca]] of {{UCI team code|FAR|2013}} was positive on a doping test for EPO, forcing him out of the [[2013 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]]. It was confirmed on 5 December 2013 that he would be banned for life and he received a fine of 35,000 euros on top of it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/12/news/danilo-di-luca-banned-for-life-after-epo-positive_310593|title=Danilo Di Luca banned for life after EPO positive|work=[[VeloNews]]|publisher=[[Competitor Group, Inc.]]|date=5 December 2013|access-date=30 June 2015|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209051408/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/12/news/danilo-di-luca-banned-for-life-after-epo-positive_310593|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 3 June, [[Mauro Santambrogio]] of {{UCI team code|FAR|2013}} was positive on a doping test to EPO.<ref>{{cite news|title=Santambrogio is Vini Fantini's second Giro EPO positive|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/06/news/santambrogio-is-vini-fantinis-second-giro-epo-positive_289518|work=VeloNews|publisher=[[Competitor Group, Inc.]]|access-date=3 June 2013|date=3 June 2013}}</ref> Santambrogio was suspended by the UCI until 2 November 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId%3DMTU3Mjg%26ObjTypeCode%3DFILE%26type%3DFILE%26id%3DNzk5OTY%26LangId%3D1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715214800/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |archive-date=2014-07-15 }}</ref>
* On 8 June, [[Yoelkis Aira]] (age 41) tested positive for Phentermine. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-aira-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Aira, Accepts Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=5 September 2013| website=usada.org|publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 15 July, it was announced that [[2013 Tour of Turkey]] winner [[Mustafa Sayar]] ({{UCI team code|TKS|2013}}) was provisionally suspended following the news that he tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] during the [[Tour d'Algérie]] in March.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/07/news/tour-of-turkey-winner-mustafa-sayar-tests-positive-for-epo_295298|title=Tour of Turkey winner Mustafa Sayar tests positive for EPO|date=15 July 2013 |access-date=2013-08-19}}</ref>
* On 21 July, [[Cesar Marte]] tested positive for Modafinil. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-marte-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Marte, Accepts Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=3 February 2014| website=usada.org |publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 24 July, a French Senatorial commission released a list containing the names of cyclists who, in a retroactive analysis, tested positive for EPO while competing in the 1998 Tour de France which includes: [[Manuel Beltrán]], [[Jeroen Blijlevens]], [[Mario Cipollini]], [[Laurent Desbiens]], [[Jacky Durand]], [[Bo Hamburger]], [[Jens Heppner]], [[Laurent Jalabert]], [[Kevin Livingston]], [[Eddy Mazzoleni]], [[Nicola Minali]], [[Abraham Olano]], [[Marco Pantani]], [[Fabio Sacchi]], [[Marcos Serrano]], [[Andrea Tafi (cyclist)|Andrea Tafi]], [[Jan Ullrich]], and [[Erik Zabel]]. The same list also contained the names of cyclists who produced suspicious test results which includes: [[Stephane Barthe]], [[Ermanno Brignoli]], [[Giuseppe Calcaterra]], [[Pascal Chanteur]], [[Bobby Julich]], [[Eddy Mazzoleni]], [[Roland Meier]], [[Axel Merckx]], [[Frederic Moncassin]], [[Stuart O'Grady]], [[Alain Turicchia]], and [[Stefano Zanini]]. Hamburger and Livingston were again named for producing positive results for doping tests during the 1999 Tour de France.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/07/news/pantini-ullrich-among-1998-tour-riders-positive-for-epo_296750 |title=Cipollini, Livingston among 1998 Tour riders positive for EPO |access-date=2013-08-19 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728091214/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/07/news/pantini-ullrich-among-1998-tour-riders-positive-for-epo_296750 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.cyclingnews.com/news/french-senate-releases-positive-epo-cases-from-1998-tour-de-france |title=French Senate releases positive EPO cases from 1998 Tour de France |access-date=2013-08-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822071924/http://m.cyclingnews.com/news/french-senate-releases-positive-epo-cases-from-1998-tour-de-france |archive-date=2013-08-22 }}</ref>
* On 24 July [[Stuart O'Grady]], as a reaction to the French Senatorial commission report released the same day, admitted to have used EPO.<ref name=OGradyAdm>{{cite web |url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/07/news/ogrady-durand-admit-to-epo-use_296840 |title=O'Grady, Durand admit to EPO use |date=24 July 2013 |website=VeloNews.com |access-date=21 July 2014 |archive-date=23 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723065750/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/07/news/ogrady-durand-admit-to-epo-use_296840 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He'd retired from cycling two days previously,<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cycling/stuart-ogrady-retires-20130723-2qff4.html| title =Stuart O'Grady retires| date =23 July 2013| publisher  =The Sidney Morning Herald |access-date =21 July 2014}}</ref> after having signed a one-year contract with [[Orica-GreenEDGE]] in June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/stuart-o8217grady-reveals-retirement-plan-after-signing-oneyear-contract-extension/story-fngr0c3d-1226657562445| title =Stuart O'Grady reveals retirement plan after signing one-year contract extension |last=Homefray| first = Reece| work =AdelaideNow | date = 5 June 2013| publisher  =Adelaide Now| access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref>
* On 24 July [[Jacky Durand]], as a reaction to the French Senatorial commission report released the same day, admitted to have used EPO.<ref name=OGradyAdm/> 
* On 5 September, [[Todd Robertson]] (age 51) tested positive for [[Modafinil]]. This was his second doping offence and he received an eight-year suspension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-robertson-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Robertson, Accepts Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=8 May 2014|publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 6 September, [[David LeDuc]] (age 62) tested positive for a steroid of exogenous origin, recombinant human erythropoietin ("rhEPO") and amphetamine. He received a two-year suspension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-leduc-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, LeDuc, Accepts Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=30 December 2013| website=usada.org |publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 29 September, [[Daniel Baker (cyclist)|Daniel Baker]] tested positive for an exogenous anabolic-androgenic steroid. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-baker-accepts-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Baker, Accepts Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=24 January 2014| website=usada.org|publisher=USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 31 October, [[Ryder Hesjedal]] publicly admitted to having used EPO during his mountain bike career after being outed by [[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]]. No sanctions were ordered against him.<ref name="Hesjedal"/>

===2014===
* On 17 January, [[Alessandro Ballan]] was banned for two years by CONI for a blood transfusion received in 2009.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Ciclismo/17-01-2014/ballan-tna-squalifica-procura-mantova-202092278268.shtml| title = Ciclismo, Ballan: due anni di squalifica per manipolazione del sangue. Carriera finita| date= 17 January 2014| newspaper  =La Gazzetta dello Sport| access-date = 16 July 2014}}</ref> Late 2015, his suspension was overturned in court, and Ballan was cleared of any wrongdoing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/lampre-riders-and-staff-cleared-in-mantova-doping-trial/|title=Lampre riders and staff cleared in Mantova doping trial|date=18 December 2015|publisher=cyclingnews.com}}</ref>
* On 6 February, [[Daryl Impey]] tested positive for probenecid at the South African Cycling Championships.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cycling/oricagreenedge-south-african-cyclist-daryl-impey-fails-drugs-test-20140702-zsty0.html|title=Orica-GreenEDGE South African cyclist Daryl Impey fails drugs test| last=Guinness| first=Rupert| date=2 July 2014| newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald| access-date =22 July 2014}}</ref> He was later cleared as it was determined the positive test was due to a contaminated medication.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/cycling/28978636|title=Daryl Impey: South African cleared of doping charges|work=BBC Sports|publisher=BBC|date=29 August 2014|access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
* On 24 February, [[Patrik Sinkewitz]] lost the case in the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] over his 2011 HGH positive and got an eight-year suspension.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/7392/5048/0/Media20Release20%28English%2920285720.pdf| title =Tribunal Arbitral du Sport Court of Arbitration for Sport MEDIA RELEASE CYCLING - DOPING (HGH) EIGHT YEAR SUSPENSION IMPOSED ON PATRICK SINKEWITZ| date =24 February 2012| website =tas-cas.org| publisher =Court of Arbitration for Sport| access-date =21 July 2014| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140228060114/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/7392/5048/0/Media20Release20%28English%2920285720.pdf| archive-date =28 February 2014}}</ref> It was his second doping suspension, the first came as a result of testing positive for testosterone in 2007. 
* On 4 May, [[Logan Loader]] tested positive for [[Methylhexaneamine]]. He received an eight-month suspension.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/us-cycling-athlete-loader-accepts-sanction-anti-doping-rule-violation/|title=US Cycling Athlete, Loader, Accepts Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violation| date=16 July 2014| website=usada.org| author= USADA| access-date =12 August 2014}}</ref>
* On 30 May, [[Paolo Savoldelli]] received a six-month suspension for having worked with banned doctor [[Michele Ferrari]] in the past. Savoldelli had been retired from cycling since 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/paolo-savoldelli-banned-for-six-months|title=Paolo Savoldelli banned for six months| date=30 May 2014| website=cyclingnews.com| publisher=Cycling News| access-date =22 July 2014}}</ref>
* On 28 June, [[Roman Kreuziger]] revealed that there was an ongoing investigation into anomalous values from 2011 and 2012 in his biological passport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/kreuziger-denies-blood-passport-abnormalities-pulled-from-tour-de-france-squad|title=Kreuziger denies blood passport abnormalities, pulled from Tour de France squad| last=Benson| first=Daniel| date=28 June 2014| website=cyclingnews.com| publisher=Cycling News| access-date =22 July 2014}}</ref> On 22 September, it was announced that his national federation cleared him of any anti-doping violation and that he was free to compete again.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/kreuziger-cleared-by-czech-olympic-committee|title=Kreuziger cleared by Czech Olympic Committee|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=22 September 2014|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> The ruling has been appealed to the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport|CAS]] by WADA and UCI.<ref>Stephen Farrand: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/wada-and-uci-to-appeal-kreuzigers-biological-passport-verdict WADA and UCI to appeal Kreuziger's Biological Passport verdict], cyclingnews.com, 23 October 2014</ref><ref>CAS: [http://www.tas-cas.org/en/infogenerales.asp/4-3-7842-1092-4-1-1/5-0-1092-15-1-1/ Cycling: UCI v. Roman Kreuziger] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112212452/http://www.tas-cas.org/en/infogenerales.asp/4-3-7842-1092-4-1-1/5-0-1092-15-1-1/ |date=2014-11-12 }}, tas-cas.org, 28 October 2014</ref> The case was dropped by both agencies on 5 June 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-and-wada-drop-biopassport-case-against-kreuziger|title=UCI and WADA drop biopassport case against Kreuziger|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=5 June 2015|access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref>
* On 10 July, [[Bart Voskamp]] admitted that he'd been doping and that part of the EPO that were seized by French customs from a TVM team car in 1998 was his.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amsterdamherald.com/index.php/rss/1212-20140711-dutch-cyclists-admit-buying-epo-1998-tour-de-france|title=Dutch cyclists admit buying EPO for infamous 1998 Tour de France|date=11 July 2014|publisher=The Amsterdam Herald|access-date=22 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809164557/http://www.amsterdamherald.com/index.php/rss/1212-20140711-dutch-cyclists-admit-buying-epo-1998-tour-de-france|archive-date=9 August 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* In July, [[Jonathan Tiernan-Locke]], [[Carlos Barredo]] and [[Denis Menchov]] received two-year sanctions as a result of anomalies detected in their biological passports.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/28354686|title=BBC Sport - Team Sky's Jonathan Tiernan-Locke gets two-year doping ban|work=BBC Sport|date=17 July 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |title=UCI Doping Suspensions |author=UCI |publisher=UCI.ch |date=19 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715214800/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |archive-date=15 July 2014 }}</ref> Barredo and Menchov had already retired from the sport while Tiernan-Locke's contract with [[Team Sky]] was immediately terminated. Menchov was stripped of his 2009, 2010 and 2012 Tour de France results,<ref name="Cycling Weekly 12 July 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/denis-menchov-given-two-year-doping-ban-130083|title=Denis Menchov given two-year doping ban| date=12 July 2014| website=Cycling Weekly| author=Nigel Wynn }}</ref> Tiernan-Locke was stripped for the [[2012 Tour of Britain]] victory and his result from the [[2012 UCI Road World Championships]], while Barredo lost all his results from 26 October 2007 to 24 September 2011.<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/67/91/20141113SanctionsADRVEN2.0_English.pdf Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules (ADR)], uci.ch</ref>
* On 15 July, it was reported that double London Olympics bronze medalist [[Olga Zabelinskaya]] had tested positive for octopamine at a race in the spring.<ref>[http://www.sports.ru/others/cycle-racing/1022176448.html&usg=ALkJrhjSM0HBwTspWVBnps57nJlc-Ne9tg Двукратный призер Игр-2012 Ольга Забелинская сдала положительный допинг-тест] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403200107/http://www.sports.ru/others/cycle-racing/1022176448.html |date=2016-04-03 }}, sports.ru, 15 July 2014</ref> The case was still not closed mid September 2015.<ref>[http://www.sports.ru/others/cycle-racing/1033113879.html Исполнительный директор РУСАДА: «Федерация велосипедного спорта России приняла решение рассматривать дело Забелинской самостоятельно»], sports.ru, 16 September 2015</ref>
* On 10 September, it was announced that [[Valentin Iglinsky]] had tested positive for [[erythropoietin|EPO]] at the [[2014 Eneco Tour|Eneco Tour]]. He was immediately fired by the {{UCI team code|AST|2014}} management, who said Iglinsky acted independently of the team.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/valentin-iglinskiy-sacked-by-astana-after-positive-test|title=Valentin Iglinskiy sacked by Astana after positive test|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Future plc]]|date=10 September 2014|access-date=10 September 2014}}</ref>
* On 12 September, it was announced that [[Matteo Rabottini]] was suspended by the UCI following an adverse analytical finding for EPO in a test taken in August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.cyclingnews.com/news/rabottini-tests-positive-for-epo |title=Rabottini tests positive for EPO |work=[[Cyclingnews.com]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=13 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914005252/http://m.cyclingnews.com/news/rabottini-tests-positive-for-epo |archive-date=14 September 2014 }}</ref>
*On 1 October, [[Maxim Iglinsky]] (brother of Valentin Iglinsky and riding for the same team, Astana) was provisionally suspended after testing positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/maxim-iglinskiy-provisionally-suspended-for-epo|title=Maxim Iglinskiy provisionally suspended for EPO|work=Cycling News|publisher=cyclingnews.com|date=1 October 2014|access-date=1 October 2014}}</ref>
*On 30 October, current Brazilian National Time Trial champion, [[Márcia Fernandes]], was suspended for two years for returning a positive doping test for EPO by the [[Brazilian cycling federation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/brazilian-cycling-champion-marcia-fernandes-banned-2-years-after-failing-doping-test/|title=Brazilian cycling champion Marcia Fernandes banned for 2 years after failing doping test|date=October 30, 2014}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*On 18 December, it was announced by UCI that [[Mauro Santambrogio]] had tested positive for testosterone on 22 October, while he was still serving his reduced ban for an EPO positive at the 2013 Giro d'Italia.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/santambrogio-tests-positive-for-testosterone-during-epo-ban Santambrogio tests positive for testosterone during EPO ban], cyclingnews.com, 18 December 2014</ref>

===2015===
* On 19 January, it was announced that Lampre rider [[Diego Ulissi]] was banned for nine months after the Salbutamol positive from the 2014 Giro d'Italia. The ban was backdated and ended on March 28.<ref>Stephen Farrand: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ulissi-given-nine-month-ban-for-salbutamol-positive Ulissi given nine-month ban for Salbutamol positive], cyclingnews.com, 19 January 2015</ref>
* On 22 January, it was announced that former Rabobank and Team Sky doctor [[Geert Leinders]] was banned for life by [[USADA]], Anti-Doping Denmark and Anti-Doping Authority Netherlands. Former Rabobank riders Michael Rasmussen and Levi Leipheimer testified at the hearing.<ref>Daniel Benson & Sadhbh O'Shea: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/leinders-handed-lifetime-ban-by-usada-for-doping-offences Leinders handed lifetime ban by USADA for doping offences], cyclingnews.com 22 January 2015</ref><ref>USADA: [http://www.usada.org/pro-cycling-team-rabobank-board-member-chief-team-doctor-leinders-receives-lifetime-ban-multiple-anti-doping-rule-violations/ Pro Cycling Team Rabobank Board Member and Chief Team Doctor, Leinders, Receives Lifetime Ban for Multiple Anti-Doping Rule Violations], usada.org, 22 January 2015</ref> Information from the hearing lead to UCI Doctor and Scientific Advisor Dr. Mario Zorzoli being suspended by UCI.<ref>Daniel Benson: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-suspends-zorzoli-from-anti-doping-work UCI suspends Zorzoli from anti-doping work], cyclingnews.com 22 January 2015</ref>
* On 10 March, UCI announced that [[Lloyd Mondory]] (Ag2r-La Mondiale) had tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control on 17 February 2015.<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/pressreleases/uci-statement-lloyd-mondory/ UCI Statement on Lloyd Mondory ], uci.ch, 10 March 2015</ref><ref>[http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/03/news/ag2rs-lloyd-mondory-positive-epo_362729 Ag2r's Lloyd Mondory positive for EPO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313213303/http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/03/news/ag2rs-lloyd-mondory-positive-epo_362729 |date=2015-03-13 }}, velonews.com, 10 March 2015</ref>
* On 23 April, it was announced that [[Hichem Chaabane]] had tested positive for two undisclosed prohibited substances and was provisionally suspended from racing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tsa-algerie.com/20150423/hichem-chaabane-controle-positif/|title=Hichem Chaâbane contrôlé positif|work=TSA|publisher=Entrecom|date=23 April 2015|access-date=24 April 2015|language=fr|author=Mourad Zemmouri|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428064624/http://www.tsa-algerie.com/20150423/hichem-chaabane-controle-positif/|archive-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>
* On 9 June, it was announced that [[Petr Ignatenko]] of [[Rusvelo]] had tested positive to human growth hormone on 8 April 2015. He was fired by his team.<ref name="Viva doping">{{cite news|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/06/news/rusvelos-ignatenko-positive-for-human-growth-hormone_373096|title=RusVelo's Ignatenko, Southeast's Carretero test positive for banned substances|work=[[VeloNews]]|publisher=[[Competitor Group, Inc.]]|date=9 June 2015|access-date=10 June 2015|author=Caley Fretz}}</ref>
* On 9 June, the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] confirmed that [[Ramon Carretero]] of {{UCI team code|NRI|2015}} had tested positive for EPO on 22 April, before the [[2015 Tour of Turkey|Tour of Turkey]].<ref name="Viva doping"/>
*On 30 June, it was announced that [[Davide Appollonio]] of {{UCI team code|AND|2015b}} gave an adverse analytical finding for EPO, on June 14 – two weeks after completing the [[2015 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]], and was provisionally suspended.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/appollonio-provisionally-suspended-for-epo|title=Appollonio provisionally suspended for EPO|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|date=30 June 2015|access-date=30 June 2015}}</ref>
*On 22 June, former pro rider [[Nicki Sørensen]] publicly admitted to doping in the past.<ref>[http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/06/news/nicki-sorensen-admits-to-doping-in-early-part-of-career_374768 Nicki Sorensen admits to doping in early part of career] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720095554/http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/06/news/nicki-sorensen-admits-to-doping-in-early-part-of-career_374768 |date=2015-07-20 }}, Velonews, 22 July 2015</ref>
*On 23 June, [[Anti-doping Danmark]] published their report on doping in Danish cycling between 1998 and 2015. The report said that CSC team leaders and staff [[Bjarne Riis]], [[Johnny Weltz]], [[Alex Pedersen (cyclist)|Alex Pedersen]], and a number of Danish former riders, of whom only [[Nicki Sørensen]] and [[Frank Høj]] were named, had all violated applicable anti-doping rules, but that the statute of limitations (8 years) prevented ADD from opening doping cases against them.<ref>Jan M. Olsen: [http://bigstory.ap.org/article/8da907fa620441d281250ddc8b272efb/anti-doping-report-riis-knew-about-drugs-cycling-team Anti-doping report: Riis knew about drugs on cycling team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724081247/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/8da907fa620441d281250ddc8b272efb/anti-doping-report-riis-knew-about-drugs-cycling-team |date=2015-07-24 }}, 23 June 2013</ref><ref>Stephen Farrand: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/anti-doping-denmark-report-reveals-widespread-doping-under-riis-at-csc/ Anti-Doping Denmark report reveals widespread doping under Riis at CSC], cyclingnews.com, 24 June 2015</ref><ref>Anti-Doping Denmark and National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark: [http://www.antidoping.dk/om-add/aktuelt/2015/06/faelles_pm_add_og_dif Fælles pressemeddelelse fra Anti Doping Danmark (ADD) og Danmarks Idrætsforbund (DIF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626195043/http://www.antidoping.dk/om-add/aktuelt/2015/06/faelles_pm_add_og_dif |date=2015-06-26 }}, antidoping.dk</ref>
*On 24 June, former pro rider [[Bjarke Schmidt Nielsen]] admitted to prohibited use of cortisone in the past.<ref>Morten Bjerregaard, Ronni Burkal Nielsen: [http://www.bt.dk/cykling/afsloeret-her-er-det-danske-cykelholds-doping-hule-i-luxembourg Afsløret: Her er det danske cykelholds doping-hule i Luxembourg], bt.dk, 24 June 2015</ref>
*On 8 July, it was disclosed that [[Vegard Robinson Bugge]] ([[Team Sparebanken Sør]]) had tested positive for terbutaline and was provisionally suspended by his team.<ref>Jarle Fredagsvik, Pål Marius Tingve, Per Møller Pettersen: [http://www.dagbladet.no/2015/07/08/sport/sykkel/procycling/procyclingno/doping/40053382/ Norsk sykkelprofil dopingtatt], dagbladet.no, 8 July 2015</ref> He was handed a four-month ban in October, lasting from 29 June to 28 October 2015.<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/82/04/20151008SanctionsADRVEN2.0_English.pdf Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules (ADR) (Updated: 08.10.2015)], uci.ch</ref><ref>Jarle Fredagsvik: [http://www.procycling.no/det-har-vaert-helt-jaevlig/ Fire måneders dopingstraff for Robinson Bugge], procycling.no, 8 October 2015</ref>
*On 10 July, it was disclosed that in the [[2015 Tour de France]], [[Luca Paolini]] ({{UCI team code|KAT|2015}}) tested positive for cocaine. He was thrown out of the race after stage 7.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/paolini-informed-of-cocaine-positive-at-tour-de-france|title=Paolini informed of cocaine positive at Tour de France|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|date=10 July 2015|access-date=10 July 2015}}</ref>
*On 15 July, it was announced that [[Francesco Reda]] ({{UCI team code|IDE|2015}}) had tested positive to EPO after the [[Italian National Road Race Championships]], which he finished second.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/italian-championships-runner-up-reda-tests-positive-for-epo-182670|title=Italian Championships runner-up, Reda, tests positive for EPO|work=[[Cycling Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc. UK]]|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 July 2015|last=Ostanek|first=Daniel}}</ref>
*On 16 July, UCI announced that [[Alexandre Pliușchin]] had been banned for 9 months for a Salbutamol positive from November 2014,<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/82/04/20150716SanctionsADRVEN2.0_English.pdf Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules], uci.ch, 16 July 2015</ref> when he was riding for [[Skydive Dubai Pro Cycling]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bakucyclingproject.com/synergy-baku-team-statement-concerning-alexandr-pliuschin/|title=Synergy Baku team statement concerning Alexandr Pliuschin - Baku Cycling Project|access-date=13 April 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031526/http://www.bakucyclingproject.com/synergy-baku-team-statement-concerning-alexandr-pliuschin/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*On 19 July, former pro rider [[Frank Høj]] admitted to doping in the past.<ref>[http://sporten.tv2.dk/cykling/tour/2015-07-19-frank-hoej-indroemmer-brug-af-doping Frank Høj indrømmer brug af doping], tv2.dk, 19 July 2015</ref>
*On 20 July, it was announced by the Chilean Olympic Committee that [[Carlos Oyarzun]] had been sent home from the [[2015 Pan American Games]] in Toronto after he'd tested positive for the [[HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor]] FG-4592.<ref>Associated Press: [http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/D/DEP_GEN_PANAM_DOPAJE_SPSPT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2015-07-20-13-59-04 Panam: argentina y chileno dan positivo por dopaje] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722161527/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/D/DEP_GEN_PANAM_DOPAJE_SPSPT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2015-07-20-13-59-04 |date=2015-07-22 }}, 20 July 2015</ref><ref>Michael Pavitt: [http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1028838/wrestling-medallist-among-four-more-doping-cases-confirmed-at-toronto-2015 Wrestling medallist among four more doping cases confirmed at Toronto 2015], insidethegames.biz, 20 July 2015</ref> In August 2016 UCI disclosed that Oyarzun had been handed a four-year ban.<ref>UCI: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160831183146/http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/17/32/52/20160829SanctionADRVENG2.0_English.pdf Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules (ADR)], uchi.ch, 29 Ausut 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/carlos-oyarzun-given-four-year-ban-for-fg-4592-positive/ Carlos Oyarzun given four-year ban for FG-4592 positive], cyclingnews.com, 27 August 2016</ref>
*On 22 July, it was disclosed that Colombian track rider [[María Luisa Calle]] had tested positive for [[GHRP2]] at the [[2015 Pan American Games]].<ref>[http://www.tuttobiciweb.it/?page=news&cod=81719&tp=n PANAMERICANI. Anche Maria Luisa Calle positiva] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723011137/http://www.tuttobiciweb.it/?page=news&cod=81719&tp=n |date=2015-07-23 }}, tuttobiciweb.it, 22 July 2015</ref>
*On 27 July, it was announced that [[Fabio Taborre]] ({{UCI team code|AND|2015b}}) had tested positive for the HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4592 on 16 June, and that Taborre was provisionally suspended. His team Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec was also facing sanction from UCI, as this was the second anti-doping rule violation in less than a year for riders from the team.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/pressreleases/uci-statement-fabio-taborre-and-uci-professional-continental-team-androni-giocattoli-sidermec/ UCI statement on Fabio Taborre and UCI Professional Continental Team Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec], uci.ch, 27 July 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.gazzetta.it/Ciclismo/27-07-2015/doping-taborre-fg-4592-uci-androni-giocattoli-savio-120724261940.shtml Doping, Taborre positivo. Stop per l'Androni], La Gazzetta dello Sport, 27 July 2015</ref> [[Davide Appollonio]] had tested positive for EPO in a control only two days prior to Taborre's positive test. The team would also have to auto suspend itself from competition for four weeks in accordance with MPCC rules, as it was their 3rd positive in less than two years. ([[Patrick Facchini]] tested positive for tuaminoheptane in 2014).<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/savio-threatens-to-sue-appollonio-taborre-if-doping-positives-confirmed/ Savio threatens to sue Appollonio, Taborre if doping positives confirmed], cyclingnews.com, 27 July 2015</ref><ref>Shane Stokes: [http://cyclingtips.com.au/2014/12/mpcc-states-that-six-member-teams-face-auto-suspensions-if-repeat-doping-cases-occur/ MPCC states that six member teams face auto-suspensions if repeat doping cases occur], cyclingtips.com</ref>
*On 28 July, UCI announced that [[Mónica Calderon]] of Colombia had tested positive for clostebol metabolites at Vuelta Ciclista Femenina a Costa Rica on 13 June.<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/17/04/75/20150727ProvisionalSuspensionEN2.0_English.pdf License-Holders Provisionally Suspended as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules (ADR)], uci.org, 28 July 2015</ref>
* On 29 July, UCI announced that their Disciplinary Commission had suspended {{UCI team code|AND|2015b}} for 30 days, starting 1 August, for two doping rule violations committed by the team's riders within 12 months. [[Davide Appollonio]] and [[Fabio Taborre]] had both tested positive mid June, and new UCI rules 1 January 2015 introduced Team Suspension provisions in cases of multiple doping rule violations on a team. {{UCI team code|AND|2015b}} was the first team to be sanctioned under this rule.<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/pressreleases/uci-statement-uci-professional-continental-team-androni-giocattoli-sidermec/ UCI statement on UCI Professional Continental Team Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec], uci.ch, 29 July 2015</ref><ref>ndy Brown: [http://www.sportsintegrityinitiative.com/uci-suspends-androni-giocattoli-sidermec/ UCI suspends Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec], Sports Integrity Initiative, 29 July 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-suspends-androni-giocattoli-sidermec-for-30-days/ UCI suspends Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec for 30 days], cyclingnews.com, 29 July 2015</ref>
* On 3 August, [[Tom Danielson]] ({{UCI team code|GRS|2015}}) disclosed that he'd been notified by the USADA that he had tested positive for synthetic testosterone in a sample collected out-of-competition 9 July.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cycling-doping-danielson-idUSKCN0Q80KF20150803?feedType=RSS&feedName=sportsNews Tom Danielson fails doping test] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924221720/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/03/us-cycling-doping-danielson-idUSKCN0Q80KF20150803?feedType=RSS&feedName=sportsNews |date=2015-09-24 }}, reuters.com, 3 August 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tom-danielson-tests-positive-for-testosterone/ Tom Danielson tests positive for testosterone], cyclingnews.com, 3 August 2015</ref>
*On 18 August, it was announced that [[Giampaolo Caruso]] was provisionally suspended for an EPO positive after a sample from March 2012 had been re-tested by UCI.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/giampaolo-caruso-returns-positive-epo-test/|title=Giampaolo Caruso returns positive EPO test|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|date=18 August 2015|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>
*On 24 August, it was announced that [[Hichem Chaabane]] had been handed a 4-year ban from sports for testing positive for EPO and methylprednisolone on 24 and 28 March, during the [[Tour d'Algérie]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042019/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2015/08/24/dopage-hichem-chaabane-cyclisme-et-abdelkrim-ouakali-lutte-suspendus-quatre-ans_n_8032224.html?ncid=tweetlnkfrhpmg00000009 Dopage: Hichem Chaabane (cyclisme) et Abdelkrim Ouakali (lutte) suspendus quatre ans]}}, huffpostmaghreb.com, 24 August 2015</ref>
*On 6 September, [[Clara Hughes]] revealed that she had served a 3-month "silent ban" after an ephedrine positive at the [[1994 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial|1994 UCI Road World Championships]].<ref>Adrienne Arsenault: [http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/olympian-clara-hughes-reveals-doping-infraction-1.3215617?cmp=rss Olympian Clara Hughes reveals doping infraction], CBS Canada, 6 September 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/clara-hughes-reveals-1994-doping-positive/ Clara Hughes reveals 1994 doping positive], cyclingnews.com, 7 September 2015</ref> Neither UCI nor Cycling Canada had announced the doping case at the time, and UCI has never published any information about Hughes being disqualified from the 1994 World Championships.
*On 18 September, UCI revealed that [[Alexey Shmidt]] (Russia) was provisionally suspended for an EPO positive in sample collected in November 2011.<ref name=UCI18Sept2015>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/17/13/77/20150918ProvisionalSuspensionEN2.0_English.pdf License-Holders Provisionally Suspended as per the UCI Anti-Doping Rules] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922063946/http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/17/13/77/20150918ProvisionalSuspensionEN2.0_English.pdf |date=2015-09-22 }}, uci.org, 18 September 2015</ref> Shmidt rode for the professional continental team [[Team Type 1-Sanofi]] in 2011, and was a DS for the Team [[Novo Nordisk]] development team at the time of the announcement of the positive. 
*On 18 September, UCI revealed that mountain biker [[Blaža Klemenčič]] (Slovenia) was provisionally suspended for an EPO positive in sample collected in March 2012.<ref name=UCI18Sept2015/> Blaža Klemenčič rode for the Felt-Ötztal-X-Bionic Team in 2012.<ref>[http://acrossthecountry.net/blaza-klemencic-nach-positivem-doping-test-suspendiert/ Blaza Klemencic nach positivem Doping-Test suspendiert], acrossthecountry.net, 18 September 2015</ref> She was subsequently handed a two-year ban and her results from 27 March 2012 to 31 December 2012 were annulled.<ref>[http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/News/17/68/84/UCIADT03.2016UCIv.MsBlazaKlemencic_Neutral.pdf UCI Anti-Doping Tribunal Judgment case ADT 03.2016 UCI v. Ms. Blaža Klemenčič], uci.ch, 20 May 2016</ref>
*On 18 September, the Czech Cycling Federation announced that 22 year old track cyclist [[Ondrej Rybin]] (Czech Republic) had been handed a 4-year ban from sports after he'd tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in June.<ref>Associated Press: [https://news.yahoo.com/czech-track-rider-ondrej-rybin-gets-4-ban-125646859.html Czech track rider Ondrej Rybin gets 4-year-ban for doping], yahoo.com, 18 September 2015</ref> Rybin had won bronze in the scratch race at the [[2015 European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)]] in July, a race he was set to be disqualified from after the positive from June was revealed.
*On 19 September, it was announced that British cyclist Dan Stevens had been banned for 21 months after refusing to submit to an out-of-competition doping control on 29 January 2014. He'd received a 3-month cut of the sanction for providing valuable information to the Cycling Independent Reform Commission in 2014.<ref>[http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/british-cyclist-dan-stevens-banned-for-failing-to-provide-anti-doping-sample-192254 British cyclist Dan Stevens banned for failing to provide anti-doping sample], Cycling Weekly, 19 September 2015</ref>
*On 28 September, UCI announced that José Roberto Rojas Romero of Venezuela was banned for two years for a formestane positive from 10 July 2014, that Adrian Alvarado Teneb of Chile was banned for two years for an EPO positive from 1 May 2014, and that Karl Murray of New Zealand was banned two years for a nandrolone and testosterone positive from 22 October 2013.<ref>UCI: [http://www.uci.ch/mm/Document/News/CleanSport/16/82/04/20150928SanctionsADRVEN2.0_English.pdf Consequences Imposed on License-Holders as Result of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) as per UCI Anti-Doping Rules (Updated: 28.09.2015)], uci.ch, 28 September 2015</ref>
*On 11 December [[Naser Rezavi]] ([[Pishgaman–Giant Team]]) tested positive for anabolic steroids.<ref name="uci.ch1">{{cite web|url=https://www.uci.org|title=Home|website=UCI}}</ref>

===2016===
*Almost six years since the first allegations of "[[mechanical doping]]" in cycling the UCI, during the Women's under-23 race, for the first time in cycling history found evidence of technological fraud when they checked the bicycle of [[Femke Van den Driessche]]. The UCI had been testing a new detection system. The offence carries a minimum six-month suspension and a fine of between 20,000 and 200,000 Swiss francs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jan/30/hidden-motor-bike-world-cyclo-cross-championships|title=Rider implicated after motor found on bike at world cyclo-cross championships|author=William Fotheringham|work=The Guardian|date=30 January 2016|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref>
*On 5 February, it was announced that [[Eduard Vorganov]] was suspended for a positive test to [[meldonium]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/katushas-eduard-vorganov-provisionally-suspended-by-uci-for-doping-violation/|title=Katusha's Eduard Vorganov provisionally suspended by UCI for doping violation|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|date=5 February 2016|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref>
*On the 12 March, British road cyclist [[Simon Yates (cyclist)|Simon Yates]] tested positive for [[terbutaline]] at an in-competition following the sixth stage of [[2016 Paris Nice|Paris Nice]]. His team was notified on April 22.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/simon-yates-returns-positive-doping-test/ |title=Simon Yates returns positive doping test |date=April 29, 2018 |publisher=Cycling News |access-date=June 1, 2018}}</ref>
*On 12 April, it was announced that [[Mattia Gavazzi]] had been provisionally suspended by the UCI for a cocaine positive taken at the [[2015 Tour of Qinghai Lake|Tour of Qinghai Lake]] in 2015. It was his third positive test to this substance during his career.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/mattia-gavazzi-positive-for-cocaine-for-the-third-time/|title=Mattia Gavazzi positive for cocaine for the third time|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|date=12 April 2016|access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref>
*On May 8 Russian mountain biker [[Ekateryna Anoshina]] tested positive for [[pseudoephedrine]] and [[cathine]] at the [[2016 European Mountainbike Championships]]. She was subsequently banned for 10 months.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*It was announced on 25 May 2016 that [[Fabio Taborre]] would be suspended for 4 years for an EPO positive test.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/taborre-given-four-year-ban-for-epo-positive/|title=Taborre given four-year ban for EPO positive|work=[[Cyclingnews.com]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|date=26 May 2016|access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref>
*On 3 June Russian track cyclist [[Ekaterina Gnidenko]] tested positive for [[anabolic androgenic steroids]] from a sample taken in 2012 at the [[2012 Olympic Games]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/racing/russian-track-cyclist-positive-london-2012-sample-re-tested-231793|title=Russian track cyclist positive for steroids after London 2012 sample re-tested - Cycling Weekly|date=3 June 2016}}</ref>
*On 4 July, news broke that [[Tatiana Antoshina]] had tested positive for [[GHRP-2]] in a sample taken on 31 May. Antoshina had been fired by her team ([[Astana Women's Team]]) one week before.<ref name="cyclingnews.com1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/antoshina-fired-by-astana-womens-team-after-positive-test/|title=Antoshina fired by Astana Women's Team after positive test|first=Cycling News 04|last=July 2016|website=cyclingnews.com|date=4 July 2016}}</ref>
*On 31 July, [[Kleber Ramos]] tested positive for [[Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator|CERA]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedal.com.br/olimpiadas-rio-2016-kleber-ramos-cai-no-doping-por-uso-de-cera_texto11104.html|title=Olimpíadas Rio 2016 - Kleber Ramos cai no doping por uso de CERA|first=Gustavo|last=Figueiredo|date=August 12, 2016|website=Pedal.com.br}}</ref>
*On 10 August, masters cyclist Gea Johnson tested positive for modafinil and was subsequently banned for 21 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usada.org/gea-johnson-receives-doping-sanction/|title=Gea Johnson Receives Doping Sanction- U.S. Anti-Doping Agency|date=7 July 2017}}</ref>
*On 2 September, the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) made the announcement that para-cyclist [[Michael Gallagher (cyclist)|Michael Gallagher]] had returned a positive A sample for EPO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/devenyns-comes-close-again-to-vuelta-a-espana-stage-win-news-shorts/|title=Devenyns comes close again to Vuelta a Espana stage win - News shorts|first=Cycling News 02|last=September 2016|website=cyclingnews.com|date=2 September 2016}}</ref>

===2017===
*On February 10, 2017, the UCI announced that [[Rahim Emami]] ([[Pishgaman Cycling Team]]) had tested positive for an Anabolic Androgenic Steroid during the 2016 [[Jelajah Malaysia]] and was provisionally suspended. As teammate Naser Rezavi also tested positive in the Jelajah Malaysia in December 2015, the UCI considers this a second Adverse Analytical Finding in a 12-month period with the team potentially facing a ban of between 15 and 45 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/new-energy-tour-bolsters-dutch-calendar-news-shorts/|title=New Energy Tour bolsters Dutch calendar - News Shorts|first=Cycling News 10|last=February 2017|website=cyclingnews.com|date=10 February 2017}}</ref> Emami was handed a seven-year and six-month ban, expiring on May 24, 2024, when Emami will be 42, therefore the ban will effectively end his professional career.<ref name="cyclingweekly.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/iranian-rider-hit-seven-year-six-month-ban-doping-327237|title=Iranian rider hit with seven-year-and-six-month ban for doping - Cycling Weekly|date=26 April 2017}}</ref>
*On 2 February, [[Lionel Flores]] tested positive for [[Phentermine]], [[Mephentermine]] and anabolic androgenic steroids and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 4 February, [[Josué Huidobro Grau]] (GSport–Valencia Sports–Wolfbike) tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 26 February, [[Ebrahim Hajizadehasl]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids at the 2017 [[Asian Cycling Championships]] and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 2 March, [[Eugen Wacker]] ([[Massi–Kuwait Cycling Project]]) tested positive for [[Meldonium]] and was banned for 15 months.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 6 April, [[Jose Gonzales (cylist)|Jose Gonzales]] tested positive for [[Clenbuterol]] at the 2017 Junior [[Panamerican Cycling Championships]] and was banned for 1 year.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 7 April, [[Ali Hassan Mansoor]] ([[VIB Bikes]]) tested positive for [[Clenbuterol]] at the 2017 [[Tour du Maroc]], and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 7 April, [[Kirill Pozdnyakov]] ([[Synergy Baku Cycling Project]]) tested positive for [[Methylphenidate]] at the 2017 [[Tour du Maroc]], and was banned for 8 months.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 8 April, [[Matias Andres Perez]] tested positive for [[Testosterone]] at the [[Vuelta del Uruguay]], and was subsequently banned for 18 months.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 12 April, [[Sixto Núñez]] tested positive for [[GW 1516]] at the 2017 [[Rutas de America]] and was banned for 3 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 13 April, [[Roberto Salvo]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids at the 2017 [[Vuelta del Uruguay]], and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 15 April, [[Jonathan Barboza]] tested positive for [[Ephedrine]] and anabolic androgenic steroids at the 2017 [[Vuelta del Uruguay]], and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 25 April [[Nicola Ruffoni]] ([[Bardiani–CSF]]) tested positive for [[GHRP]]s and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 26 April, [[Stefano Pirazzi]] ([[Bardiani–CSF]]) tested positive for [[GHRP]]s and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 14 May, [[Jérôme Pulidori]] tested positive for EPO.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 26 and 28 May, [[Matija Kvasina]] ([[Felbermayr–Simplon Wels]])tested positive for [[Molidustat]].<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 3 June, [[Oldemar Vega Murillo]] tested positive for [[Clenbuterol]] at the Copa America and UCI Junior Series XCO, and was banned for 1 year.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 18 June [[André Cardoso]] ({{UCI team code|TFS|2017}}) tested positive for EPO.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 26 June [[Michael Bresciani]] ([[Bardiani–CSF]]) tested positive for [[Furosemide]] and was banned for 2 months.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 29 July, [[Antonio Santoro]] ([[Monkey Town Continental Team]]) tested positive for [[Acetazolamide]] at the [[2017 Tour of Qinghai Lake]] and was banned for 6 months.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 1 August [[Juan Murillo]] (Gwada Bikers 118 team) tested positive for EPO-CERA during the [[Tour Cycliste International de la Guadeloupe]] and was later banned for four years and fined €10000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/nibali-to-ride-the-dubai-tour-after-vuelta-a-san-juan-illness-news-shorts/|title=Nibali to ride the Dubai Tour after Vuelta a San Juan illness - News shorts|first=Cycling News 25|last=January 2018|website=cyclingnews.com|date=25 January 2018}}</ref>
*On 9 August [[Samuel Sanchez]] ({{UCI team code|BMC|2017}}) tested positive for [[GHRP]]s.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 11 August, [[Juan Carlos (cycling)|Juan Carlos]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 8 October, [[Clayton Shepard]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 21 November, [[Róbinson López]] ([[Loteria de Boyaca]]), current U23 Colombian champion, tested positive at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]] for the third generation blood booster - [[Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator|CERA]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/colombian-u23-champion-tests-positive-for-cera/|title=Colombian U23 champion tests positive for CERA|first=Cycling News 21|last=November 2017|website=cyclingnews.com|date=21 November 2017}}</ref>
*On 28 November, [[Luis Alberto Largo]] ([[Sogamoso–Argos–Cooservicios–Idrs]]) tested positive for CERA at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]].<ref name="cyclingnews.com2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/eight-riders-test-positive-at-vuelta-a-colombia/|title=Eight riders test positive at Vuelta a Colombia|first=Cycling News 28|last=November 2017|website=cyclingnews.com|date=28 November 2017}}</ref>
*On 28 November, [[Edward Díaz]] ({{UCI team code|EPM|2017}}) tested positive for CERA at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]].<ref name="cyclingnews.com2"/>
*On 28 November, [[Jonathan Felipe Paredes]] ([[Ebsa–Indeportes Boyaca]]) tested positive for CERA at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]].<ref name="cyclingnews.com2"/>
*On 28 November, [[Fabio Nelson Montenegro]] ([[Ebsa–Indeportes Boyaca]]) tested positive for CERA at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]].<ref name="cyclingnews.com2"/>
*On 28 November, [[Luis Camargo Flechas]] ([[Supergiros]]) tested positive for CERA at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]].<ref name="cyclingnews.com2"/>
*On 28 November, [[Oscar Soliz]] ([[Movistar Team (Continental Team)|Movistar Amateur Team]]) tested positive for CERA at the 2017 [[Vuelta a Colombia]].<ref name="cyclingnews.com2"/>
*On 28 November, [[Juan Carlos Cadena]] ([[Depormundo–Bosa–Ramguiflex]]) tested positive for [[19-noretiocholanolone]] and [[19-norandrosterone]] in a control test taken on August 11.<ref name="cyclingnews.com2"/>
*On 21 December, [[Pierpaolo De Negri]] ([[Nippo–Vini Fantini]]) tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>

===2018===
*On 21 January Argentinian cyclist [[Gonzalo Najar]] tested positive for CERA at the [[Vuelta a San Juan]] and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org">https://www.uci.org/docs/default-source/clean-sport-documents/adrv/2019-02-12-sanction-adrv-eng-2-0.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> 
*On 24 January Argentinian cyclist [[Ezequiel Falon]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids at the [[Vuelta a San Juan]] and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Juan Carlos Rojas Villegas|Juan Carlos Rojas]] (Frijoles Los Tierniticos) was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]. Rojas won the overall classification in the race.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vuelta-a-costa-rica-winner-among-12-riders-to-test-positive-in-2017-edition/|title=Vuelta a Costa Rica winner among 12 riders to test positive in 2017 edition|first=Cycling News 31|last=January 2018|website=cyclingnews.com|date=31 January 2018}}</ref>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Cesar Rojas Villalegas]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]. Villalegas came third in the general classification of the race.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Leandro Varela]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Vladimir Fernandez]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]]. Fernandez won stage 4 of the race.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Jose Villalobos (cyclist)|Jose Villalobos]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Jason Huertas]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Jose Irias]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist Gabriel Marin was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Melvin Mora Garita]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Kevin Murillo Solano]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 31 January Costa Rican cyclist [[Jordy Sandoval]] was suspended by the UCI after testing positive for the third generation blood boost, EPO-CERA, at the 2017 [[Vuelta Ciclista a Costa Rica]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*On 18 February Iranian cyclist [[Fatemeh Hadavand]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 22 February Iranian cyclist  [[Maedeh Nazari]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids.<ref name="uci.ch1"/>
*On 1 March Uruguayan cyclist [[Ignacio Maldonado]] tested positive for CERA at the 2018 edition of the [[Vuelta a San Juan]], in a sample taken on 21 January - whilst riding for the Uruguay national team.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/maldonado-positive-for-cera-at-vuelta-a-san-juan/|title=Maldonado positive for CERA at Vuelta a San Juan|first=Cycling News 01|last=March 2018|website=cyclingnews.com|date=March 2018}}</ref>
*On 25 March Italian cyclist [[Andrea Villanti]] tested positive for [[Meldonium]] at the [[Criterium de Monaco]] and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 31 March Brazilian cyclist [[Caio Godoy]] tested positive for [[cocaine]] at the [[Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay]] and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 11 April, news broke that French cyclist [[Rémy Di Gregorio]] ({{UCI team code|LPM|2018}}) had failed an in-competition doping test for [[darbepoetin]] (EPO) on March 8, during the 2018 edition of [[2018 Paris–Nice|Paris–Nice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.com/cycling-weekly/remy-di-gregorio-fails-anti-doping-test-for-epo-during-paris-nice-376239|title=Rémy Di Gregorio fails anti-doping test for EPO during Paris-Nice - Cycling Weekly|date=11 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/pressreleases/uci-statement-remy-gregorio/|title=UCI Statement on Rémy Di Gregorio|website=www.uci.ch}}</ref>
*On 18 April Slovenian cyclist [[Janez Brajkovic]] tested positive for [[Methylhexaneamine]] at the [[Tour of Croatia]] and was banned for 10 months.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 13 June Spanish cyclist [[Igor Merino]] tested positive for [[GHRP]]s and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 27 June Spanish cyclist [[Jaime Roson]] ({{UCI team code|MOV|2018}}) was found guilty of using prohibited methods and/or substances and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 23 July Italian cyclist [[Leonardo Melle]] tested positive for [[Clostebol]] and was banned for a year.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 18 August South African cyclist [[Rickardo Broxham]] tested positive for [[Heptaminol]] and was banned for one year.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 2 September Italian cyclist [[Alfonso D'Errico]] tested positive for [[Methylhexaneamine]] and was banned for six months.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 15 September Ukrainian cyclist [[Maksym Vasyliev]] tested positive for [[Methylhexaneamine]] at the [[Primus Classic]] and was banned for 10 months.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 12 October Argentinian cyclist [[German Ariel Lopez]] tested positive for anabolic androgenic steroids at the [[UCI Masters Track Cycling World Championships]] and was banned for four years.<ref name="uci.org"/>
*On 31 October Costa Rican cyclist [[Anthony Ortega (cyclist)|Anthony Ortega]] returned an adverse analytical finding for blood transfusions at the [[Vuelta a Guatemala]] and was banned for 4 years.<ref name="uci.org"/>

===2019===
*On 13 January Azerbaijani cyclist [[Olena Pavlukhina]] was banned for four years after confirmation of the usage of prohibited methods and/or substances at the [[2016 UCI Road World Championships]]
*On 3 March Austrian cyclist [[Stefan Denifl]] ([[CCC Pro Team]]) confessed to the Austrian police of blood doping, during the [[Operation Aderlass]] (Operation Bloodletting) investigation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/denifl-confesses-to-blood-doping-in-police-interview/|title=Denifl confesses to blood doping in police interview|website=cyclingnews.com|date=3 March 2019}}</ref>
*On 4 March Austrian cyclist [[Georg Preidler]] ({{UCI team code|GFC|2019}}) confessed to the Austrian police of blood doping, during the [[Operation Aderlass]] (Operation Bloodletting) investigation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/preidler-admits-to-blood-extraction-as-doping-investigation-widens/|title=Preidler admits to blood extraction as doping investigation widens|website=cyclingnews.com|date=4 March 2019}}</ref>
*On 26 March Argentinian cyclist [[Daniel Zamora (cyclist)|Daniel Zamora]] ([[Agrupacion Virgen De Fatima]]) tested positive for EPO at the [[Vuelta a San Juan]] after claiming victory in the mountains and best-placed Argentinian classification.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vuelta-a-san-juan-king-of-the-mountains-zamora-suspended-for-epo/|title=Vuelta a San Juan king of the mountains Zamora suspended for EPO|website=cyclingnews.com|date=26 March 2019}}</ref>
*On 5 April Dutch cyclo-cross rider [[Denise Betsema]] ([[Marlux-Bingoal]]) returned an adverse analytical finding for a prohibited endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/betsema-hit-with-anti-doping-adverse-finding/|title=Betsema hit with anti-doping adverse finding|website=cyclingnews.com|date=5 April 2019}}</ref> On 16 May, it was announced her B sample was positive for anabolic steroids as well.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ook B-staal Betsema is positief, veldrijdster blijft op non-actief |url=https://sporza.be/nl/2019/05/16/b-staal-betsema-positief/ |website=Sporza |date=16 May 2019 |access-date=16 May 2019}}</ref>

==2020s==

=== 2022 ===

* On 17 August, Colombian rider [[Nairo Quintana]] ([[Arkéa–Samsic]]) was disqualified from his recent 6th-place finish in the [[2022 Tour de France|Tour de France]], after testing positive for [[tramadol]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=Quintana disqualified from Tour de France over tramadol use |url=https://www.france24.com/en/sport/20220817-quintana-disqualified-from-tour-de-france-over-tramadol-use |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>  In-competition use of tramadol was banned by the UCI Medical Regulations starting on 1 March 2019 in order to protect riders from its side effects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-15 |title=Tramadol ban: All you need to know |url=https://www.uci.org/pressrelease/tramadol-ban-all-you-need-to-know/74DtzJjWw8w8CeZqpNsRwP |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=UCI.org |language=en}}</ref> Since tramadol was not on the WADA prohibited substances list, Quintana's positive test did not constitute an anti-doping rule violation.  Quintana appealed his disqualification to the Court of Arbitration of Sport (CAS) which upheld the decision of the UCI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-03 |title=Court of Arbitration confirms Nairo Quintana's Tour de France tramadol disqualification  |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/court-of-arbitration-confirms-nairo-quintanas-tour-de-france-tramadol-disqualification/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Cycling News |language=en}}</ref> WADA has since decided to add tramadol to its list of prohibited substances, effective 1 January 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-29 |title=WADA publishes 2023 Prohibited List |url=https://www.wada-ama.org/en/news/wada-publishes-2023-prohibited-list |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=WADA |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2023 ===
* On 25 July, The UCI announced that Colombian [[Miguel Ángel López (cyclist)|Miguel Ángel López]] had been provisionally suspended due to an anti-doping rule violation for use and possession of a prohibited substance in the weeks prior to the [[2022 Giro d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UCI Statement on Miguel Ángel López |url=https://www.uci.org/pressrelease/uci-statement-on-miguel-angel-lopez/1yLfjkJp3a87w7Q30r3HbD |website=www.uci.org |access-date=25 July 2023 |language=en-gb |date=25 July 2023}}</ref> On 29 May 2024, the UCI Anti-Doping Tribunal found López guilty of anti-doping rule violation (ADRV) for use and possession of a prohibited substance ([[Menotropin]]). He was banned from competition for four years, inclusive of his previous suspension, lasting until 24 July 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UCI statement concerning Miguel Ángel López |url=https://www.uci.org/pressrelease/uci-statement-concerning-miguel-angel-lopez2/4Ot8GmGsmT749ekuBE1KaX |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=www.uci.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> López filed an appeal with the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]], which was rejected in May 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ostanek |first1=Dani |title=Miguel Angel López's doping ban appeal rejected by CAS |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/miguel-angel-lopezs-doping-ban-appeal-rejected-by-cas/ |website=cyclingnews.com |access-date=13 May 2025 |date=7 May 2025}}</ref>

=== 2024 ===

* On 10 September [[Ilkhan Dostiyev]] ({{UCI team code|AQD|2024}}) was suspended and had his contract terminated after admitting to using a banned substance following an anti-doping rule violation in July 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Astana Qazaqstan Development Team statement regarding Ilkhan Dostiyev |url=https://www.astana-qazaqstan.com/astana-qazaqstan-development-team-statement-regarding-ilkhan-dostiyev/ |access-date=11 September 2024 |agency=astana-qazaqstan.com |date=10 September 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Mechanical doping]]
*[[Doping at the Olympic Games]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=

<ref name="UCI sanction list 2006">{{cite web
|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=MzQ2NzY& 
|title=UCI list of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2006' 
|access-date=2012-07-18
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613181814/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=MzQ2NzY&
| archive-date = 13 June 2011
| url-status = dead
|publisher= UCI
}}</ref>

<ref name="UCI sanction list 2007">{{cite web
|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=MzQ2Nzc& 
|title=UCI list of 'Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2007' 
|access-date=2012-07-18
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613181848/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=MzQ2Nzc&
|archive-date = 13 June 2011
|url-status = dead
|publisher= UCI
}}</ref>

<!--
<ref name="UCI sanction list 2008">{{cite web
|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Mzc2MTE&LangId=1
|title=Decisions on Anti-Doping Rule Violations made in 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120802033427/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Mzc2MTE&LangId=1
|archive-date = 2 August 2012
|url-status = dead
|publisher= UCI
}}</ref>

<ref name="UCI sanction list 2009">{{cite web
|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NDk3MjQ&LangId=1
|title= Sanctions, Period of Ineligibily, Disqualification (2009)
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120802033402/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NDk3MjQ&LangId=1
|archive-date = 2 August 2012
|url-status = dead
|publisher= UCI
}}</ref> -->

<ref name="UCI sanction list 2010">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTA&LangId=1
| archive-url     = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004541/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTA&LangId=1
| archive-date    = 7 July 2011
| title       = Sanctions, Period of Ineligibily, Disqualification (2010)
| publisher   = UCI
}}</ref>

<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011">{{cite web
| url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTE&LangId=1 
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102134214/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTE&LangId=1
| archive-date=2 November 2013
|title=SANCTIONS, PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY, DISQUALIFICATION (2011)
|date=June 20, 2011 
|work= UCI Website 
|publisher= UCI
}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
* [https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/news/story?id=3029280 Timeline: Recent doping cases in cycling - espn.go.com]
* [https://www.reuters.com/article/sphereNews/idUSL1975623220070920?sp=true&view=sphere TIMELINE: Doping problems to hit major Tours - reuters.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627210659/http://www.abcc.co.uk/Articles/DrgsTdeF.html Association of British Cycling Coaches - Drugs and the Tour de France by Ramin Minovi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090417013317/http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=1361 Cycling 4 Fans (German) - Doping Incidents Database]
* [http://www.cyclisme-dopage.com/actualite.htm cyclisme-dopage.com (French) - Doping Incidents Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130211926/http://cyclisme-dopage.com/actualite.htm |date=2013-01-30 }}
* [http://www.dopeology.org/ dopeology.org] - A topology of doping in European professional road cycling 1980–present
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722084238/http://oldsite.uci.ch/english/health_sante/docs/side_effects.pdf Principal doping substances and their side effects - A compilation prepared for the Union Cycliste Internationale]
* [http://www.assr.nl/workingpapers/documents/ASSR-WP0304.pdf Amsterdam School for Social Science Research - Moral Entrepreneurship and Doping Culture in Sport by Ruud Stokvis]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101102201805/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjA4MDA&LangId=1 UCI List of cycling sanctions for 2010]

{{Cycling}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doping Cases In Cycling}}
[[Category:Doping cases in cycling|*]]
[[Category:Cycle sport-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of doping cases|*Cycling]]