View source for List of deep fields

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{{multiple images |direction=vertical |align=right
 |image1=Hubble Legacy Field.png |caption1=[[Hubble Legacy Field]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Hubble Assembles Wide View of the Distant Universe |url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1909/ |website=www.spacetelescope.org |accessdate=3 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
 |image2=Deepfieldscomparison.jpg |caption2=Comparison of how far in the past some of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]'s deep fields have seen in terms of redshift and million years and also how far the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] should be able to see.
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In [[astronomy]], a '''deep field''' is an image of a portion of the sky taken with a very long exposure time, in order to detect and study faint objects. The depth of the field refers to the [[apparent magnitude]] or the [[Spectral flux density|flux]] of the faintest objects that can be detected in the image.<ref name="SA-202207" /> Deep field observations usually cover a small [[Solid angle|angular area]] on the sky, because of the large amounts of telescope time required to reach faint flux limits. Deep fields are used primarily to study [[galaxy evolution]] and the cosmic evolution of [[active galactic nuclei]], and to detect faint objects at high [[redshift]]. Numerous ground-based and space-based observatories have taken deep-field observations at wavelengths spanning [[Radio astronomy|radio]] to [[X-ray astronomy|X-rays]]. 

The first deep-field image to receive a great deal of public attention was the [[Hubble Deep Field]], observed in 1995 with the [[Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2|WFPC2]] camera on the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. Other space telescopes that have obtained deep-field observations include the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]], the [[XMM-Newton]] Observatory, the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]], and the [[James Webb Space Telescope]].

{{multiple images |total_width=600 |direction=horizontal |align=center |header=Left: image taken by [[Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble]] (2017) vs Right: the image taken by [[James Webb Space Telescope|Webb]] (2022)<ref name="NBC-20220712">{{cite news |last1=Chow |first1=Denise |last2=Wu |first2=Jiachuan |title=Photos: How pictures from the Webb telescope compare to Hubble's - NASA's $10 billion telescope peers deeper into space than ever, revealing previously undetectable details in the cosmos.|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/data-graphics/compare-photos-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-hubble-space-telescope-rcna37875 |date=12 July 2022 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=16 July 2022 }}</ref>
 |image1=NASA-HubbleSpaceTelescope-DeepField-2017.jpg |image2=Webb's First Deep Field (adjusted).jpg
 |footer=[[Webb's First Deep Field|Deep Field]] – [[Galaxy cluster]] [[SMACS J0723.3-7327]]<ref name="NASA-20220711">{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Rob |title=NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet |date=11 July 2022 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=12 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712000119/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20220711">{{cite news |last1=Overbye |first1=Dennis |last2=Chang |first2=Kenneth |last3=Tankersley |first3=Jim |title=Biden and NASA Share First Webb Space Telescope Image – From the White House on Monday, humanity got its first glimpse of what the observatory in space has been seeing: a cluster of early galaxies. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/11/science/nasa-webb-telescope-images-livestream.html |date=11 July 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=12 July 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712005736/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/11/science/nasa-webb-telescope-images-livestream.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SA-202207">{{cite news |last=Pacucci |first=Fabio |title=How Taking Pictures of 'Nothing' Changed Astronomy - Deep-field images of "empty" regions of the sky from Webb and other space telescopes are revealing more of the universe than we ever thought possible |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-taking-pictures-of-nothing-changed-astronomy1/ |date=15 July 2022|work=[[Scientific American]] |accessdate=16 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="ABC-20220714">{{cite news |last1=Deliso |first1=Meredith |last2=Longo |first2=Meredith |last3=Rothenberg |first3=Nicolas |title=Hubble vs. James Webb telescope images: See the difference |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/hubble-james-webb-telescope-images-difference/story?id=86763039 |date=14 July 2022 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |accessdate=15 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="CNET-20120713">{{cite news |last=Kooser |first=Amanda |title=Hubble and James Webb Space Telescope Images Compared: See the Difference - The James Webb Space Telescope builds on Hubble's legacy with stunning new views of the cosmos. |url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/hubble-and-james-webb-space-telescope-images-compared-see-the-difference/ |date=13 July 2012 |work=[[CNET]] |accessdate=16 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="UT-20220502">{{cite news |last=Atkinson |first=Nancy |title=Now, We can Finally Compare Webb to Other Infrared Observatories |url=https://www.universetoday.com/155686/now-we-can-finally-compare-webb-to-other-infrared-observatories/ |date=2 May 2022 |work=[[Universe Today]] |accessdate=12 May 2022 |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510035557/https://www.universetoday.com/155686/now-we-can-finally-compare-webb-to-other-infrared-observatories/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
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==Table==
The following table gives a partial list of deep-field observations taken since 1995.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class=unsortable|Image !! Name !! Telescope !! Year captured !! Size (arcminute) !! Number of exposures
|-
| [[File:HubbleDeepField.800px.jpg|100px]] || [[Hubble Deep Field]] || [[Hubble Space Telescope]] || 1995 || 2.6′x2.6′ ||  342
|-
| [[File:Hubble Deep Field South.jpg|100px]] || [[Hubble Deep Field South]] || Hubble Space Telescope || 1998 || 5.3²′ ||  995
|-
| [[File:Chandra Deep Field South.jpg|100px]] || [[Chandra Deep Field South]] || [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] || 1999–2000 || 16′ across || 11
|-
| [[File:Hubble ultra deep field high rez edit1.jpg|100px]] || [[Hubble Ultra-Deep Field]] || Hubble Space Telescope || 2003–2004 ||  2.4′x2.4′ || 808
|-
| [[File:Hubble-ExtendedGrothStrip.jpg|100px]] || [[Extended Groth Strip]] || Hubble Space Telescope || 2004–2005 || 70′x10′ || over 500 
|-
| [[File:Hubble Ultra Deep Field region of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey.jpg|100px]] || Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) || Hubble Space Telescope || 2011 || || 
|-
| [[File:Teenage galaxies in the distant Universe.jpg|100px]] || [[ESO]]'s [[Very Large Telescope|VLT]] and the [[Very_Large_Telescope#Instruments|SINFONI]] instrument<ref>{{cite news|title=The Feeding Habits of Teenage Galaxies|url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1212/|accessdate=16 March 2012|newspaper=ESO Press Release}}</ref>  || [[Very Large Telescope]] || 2012 || ||
|-
| [[File:Hubble Extreme Deep Field (full resolution).png|100px]] || [[Hubble eXtreme Deep Field]] || Hubble Space Telescope || 2012 || 2.3′x3′ ||
|-
| [[File:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|100px]] || [[Hubble Ultra-Deep Field]] (UV/VIS/NIR) || Hubble Space Telescope || 2014 ||||
|-
| [[File:Hubble Frontier Fields view of MACSJ0416.1–2403.jpg|100px]] || Hubble Frontier Fields MACS J0416.1-2403<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vogel|first1=Tracy|title=MACS J0416 Data is Complete|url=http://frontierfields.org/2015/01/21/macs-j0416-data-is-complete/|website=Frontier Fields|date=21 January 2015 |accessdate=24 Nov 2015}}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2015 || ||
|-
| [[File:Heic1401a-Abell2744-20140107.jpg|100px]]  || Hubble Frontier Fields Abell 2744<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the Frontier Fields: Abell 2744|url=http://frontierfields.org/meet-the-frontier-fields/abell-2744/|website=Frontier Fields|date=4 February 2014 |accessdate=24 Nov 2015}}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2015 || ||
|-
| [[File:MACSJ0717.jpg|100px]] || Hubble Frontier Fields MACS J0717.5+3745 || Hubble Space Telescope || 2015 || ||
|-
| [[File:A galactic gathering.jpg|100px]] || Hubble Frontier Fields MACS J1149.5+2223<ref>{{cite web|title=A galactic gathering|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1621a/|accessdate=23 May 2016}}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2015 || ||
|-
| [[File:Abell S1063.jpg|100px]] || Hubble Frontier Fields [[Abell S1063]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Space... the final frontier|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1615/|website=www.spacetelescope.org|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2016 || ||
|-
| [[File:The last of the Frontier Fields — Abell 370.jpg|100px]] || Hubble Frontier Fields Abell 370<ref>{{cite web|title=Abell 370 |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1711a/|work=spacetelescope.org|accessdate=21 Jun 2018}}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2017 || ||
|-
| [[File:Abell 370 parallel field.jpg|100px]] || Hubble Frontier Fields Abell 370 parallel field<ref>{{cite web|title=Abell 370 parallel field|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1711b/|work=spacetelescope.org |accessdate=21 Jun 2018}}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2017 || ||
|-
| [[File:NASA-Galaxies15k-HubbleHDUV-20180816.png|100px]] || Hubble Deep UV (HDUV) Legacy Survey<ref name="NASA-20180816">{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Ann |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |last3=Oesch |first3=Pascal |last4=Montes |first4=Mireia |last5=Hille |first5=Karl |title=NASA - Hubble Paints Picture of the Evolving Universe |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/hubble-paints-picture-of-the-evolving-universe |date=16 August 2018 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=17 August 2018 }}</ref> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2018 || ||
|-
| [[File:Hubble Legacy Field.png|100px]] || [[Hubble Legacy Field]]<ref name=":0" /> || Hubble Space Telescope || 2019 ||  25′x25′ || 7,500 
|-
| [[File:Dark Energy Survey deep field image.jpg|100px]] || [[Dark Energy Survey]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=info@noirlab.edu |title=Dark Energy Survey Releases Most Precise Look at the Universe's Evolution - First three years of survey data uses observations of 226 million galaxies over ⅛ of the sky |url=https://www.noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2118/ |website=www.noirlab.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=info@noirlab.edu |title=Dark Energy Survey deep field image |url=https://www.noirlab.edu/public/images/noirlab2118a/ |website=www.noirlab.edu |language=en}}</ref>|| [[Víctor M. Blanco Telescope]] || 2021 || 18.41′x9.64′  || 
|-
| [[File:Webb's First Deep Field.jpg |100px]] || [[Webb's First Deep Field]] || [[James Webb Space Telescope]] || 2022 || 2.4′ across ||
|-
| [[File:NASA-JWST-JADES-FirstDeepField-20221209.png|100px]] || [[James Webb Space Telescope]] – JADES (James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey)<br />First Deep Field<ref name="UT-20221212">{{cite news |last=Gough |first=Evan |title=Webb Completes its First "Deep Field" With Nine Days of Observing Time. What did it Find? |url=https://www.universetoday.com/159149/webb-completes-its-first-deep-field-with-nine-days-of-observing-time-what-did-it-find/ |date=12 December 2022 |work=[[Universe Today]] |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20221209">{{cite news |last=Downer |first=Bethany  |title=NASA's Webb Reaches New Milestone in Quest for Distant Galaxies |url=https://webbtelescope.org/contents/early-highlights/nasas-webb-reaches-new-milestone-in-quest-for-distant-galaxies |date=9 December 2022 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}</ref> ||| James Webb Space Telescope || 2022 || 4-6′×12′ approx;<br/>(4′×6′ and 6′×6′ subsets adjacent)<ref name="nat-astron-id-prop-redshifts">{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=B.E. |last2=Tacchella |first2=S. |last3=Johnson |first3=B.D. |display-authors=etal |date=May 2023 |title= Identification and properties of intense star-forming galaxies at redshifts <i>z</i> > 10 |journal=Nat Astron |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=611–621 |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-01921-1 |access-date=1 September 2024 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-01921-1 |arxiv= 2212.04480 |bibcode=2023NatAs...7..611R }} <!-- numbers measured from figure 1 in the arxiv preprint --> </ref> ||
|-
| [[File:Jades Deep Field Annotated.png|100px]] || [[James Webb Space Telescope]] – JADES (James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey)<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA's Webb Opens New Window on Supernova Science - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-opens-new-window-on-supernova-science |website=science.nasa.gov |date=10 June 2024 |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> ||| James Webb Space Telescope || 2024 || ??′ across ||
|-
|[[File:Euclid Deep Field North – preview ESA507291.jpg|100x100px]]
|''[[Euclid (spacecraft)|Euclid]]'' Deep Field North (EDF-N)<ref name=":1">{{Cite arXiv |eprint=2503.15302 |last1=Collaboration |first1=Euclid |last2=Aussel |first2=H. |last3=Tereno |first3=I. |last4=Schirmer |first4=M. |last5=Alguero |first5=G. |last6=Altieri |first6=B. |last7=Balbinot |first7=E. |last8=de Boer |first8=T. |last9=Casenove |first9=P. |last10=Corcho-Caballero |first10=P. |last11=Furusawa |first11=H. |last12=Furusawa |first12=J. |last13=Hudson |first13=M. J. |last14=Jahnke |first14=K. |last15=Libet |first15=G. |last16=Macias-Perez |first16=J. |last17=Masoumzadeh |first17=N. |last18=Mohr |first18=J. J. |last19=Odier |first19=J. |last20=Scott |first20=D. |last21=Vassallo |first21=T. |last22=Verdoes Kleijn |first22=G. |last23=Zacchei |first23=A. |last24=Aghanim |first24=N. |last25=Amara |first25=A. |last26=Andreon |first26=S. |last27=Auricchio |first27=N. |last28=Awan |first28=S. |last29=Azzollini |first29=R. |last30=Baccigalupi |first30=C. |title=Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) -- Data release overview |date=2025 |class=astro-ph.GA |display-authors=1 }}</ref>
|[[Euclid (spacecraft)|''Euclid'']]
|2025-(data release 3)
|20 deg<sup>2</sup>
|DR3 visits: 40
|-
|[[File:Euclid Deep Field South – preview ESA507296.jpg|111x111px]]
|''Euclid'' Deep Field South (EDF-S)<ref name=":1" />
|''Euclid''
|2025-(data release 3)
|23 deg<sup>2</sup>
|DR3 visits: 45
|-
|[[File:Euclid Deep Field Fornax – preview ESA507295.jpg|100x100px]]
|''Euclid'' Deep Field Fornax (EDF-F), centred on Chandra Deep Field South<ref name=":1" />
|''Euclid''
|2025-(data release 3)
|10 deg<sup>2</sup>
|DR3 visits: 52
|}

==See also==
{{commonscat|Deep fields}}
*[[List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hubble Space Telescope}}
{{James Webb Space Telescope}}
{{NASA space program}}
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