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[[File:Celts in Europe.png|400px|thumb|Map1: Diachronic distribution of Celtic peoples (ancient and modern): <br />
{{legend|#ffff43|core [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] territory, by the 6th century BC}}
{{legend|#97ffb6|maximal Celtic expansion, by 275 BC}}
{{legend|#d2ffd2|Two land areas in [[Iberian Peninsula]] where [[Celts|Celtic]] presence is uncertain or disputed by some: [[Lusitanians|Lusitanian]] and [[Vettones|Vettonian]] land (Para-Celtic?), [[Caristii]] and [[Varduli]] land (Vasconic, Celtic or Para-Celtic?), in today's [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]].}}
{{legend|#27c600|the six [[Celtic nations]] which retained significant numbers of Celtic speakers into the [[Early modern period|Early Modern period]]}}
{{legend|#1a8000|areas where [[Celtic languages]] remain widely spoken today}}
]]
This is a '''list of ancient [[Celts|Celtic]] peoples and tribes'''.

==Continental Celts==
[[Continental Celts]] were the Celtic peoples that inhabited [[mainland Europe]] and [[Anatolia]] (also known as Asia Minor). In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe ([[Iberian Peninsula]]), southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia. They were most of the population in [[Gallia]], today's [[France]], [[Switzerland]], possibly [[Belgica]] – far [[France|Northern France]], [[Belgium]] and far [[Southern Netherlands]], large parts of [[Hispania]], i.e. [[Iberian Peninsula]] – [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]], in the northern, central and western regions; southern [[Central Europe]] – upper [[Danube basin]] and neighbouring regions, large parts of the middle [[Danube basin]] and the inland region of Central [[Asia Minor]] or [[Anatolia]]. They lived in these many regions forming a large arc stretching across from [[Iberia]] in the west to the [[Balkans]] and [[Anatolia]] in the east.
Many of the populations from these regions were called [[Celts]] by ancient authors. They are thought to have spoken [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] ([[P-Celtic]] type), [[Lepontic language|Lepontic]] ([[P-Celtic]] type), [[Hispano-Celtic languages|Hispano-Celtic]] ([[Celtiberian language|Celtiberian]] and [[Gallaecian language|Western Hispano-Celtic]] or [[Gallaecian language|Gallaecian]]) ([[Q-Celtic]] type), [[Eastern Celtic]] or [[Noric language|Noric]] (unknown type). [[P-Celtic]] type languages are more innovative (*kʷ > p) while [[Q-Celtic]] type languages are more conservative. However, it is not fully known if this grouping of peoples, such as their languages, is a genealogical one ([[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]]), based on kinship, or if it is a simple geographically based group. [[Classical Antiquity]] authors did not describe the peoples and tribes of the [[British Islands]] as “[[Celts]]” or “[[Celts|Galli]]” but by the name “[[Britons (ancient)|Britons]]”. They only used the name “Celts” or “Galli” for the peoples and tribes of [[mainland Europe]].<ref name="Collis, John 2003 p. 180">Collis, John (2003). The Celts: Origins, Myths and Inventions. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 180. {{ISBN|978-0-7524-2913-7}}</ref>

===Eastern Celts===
Source:<ref name= malloryadams>Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). [[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture]]. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-884964-98-5}}</ref>

[[File:Römische Provinzen im Alpenraum ca 14 n Chr.png|thumb|right|400px|Map 3: Roman district (probably not yet a full province by then) of '''''Raetia et Vindelicia''''', as it stood in AD 14. [[Celts]] dwelt in most areas of the shown land on the map except for the [[Rhaetians]].]]
[[File:Pannonia popolazioni png.png|thumb|right|400px|Map 4: Ancient tribes in the middle [[Danube]] river basin around 1st C. BCE]]
[[File:Roman_period_tribes_in_Illyria_and_Lower_Pannonia.png|thumb|right|400px|Map 5: Central and northern Illyrian tribes and neighbouring Celtic tribes (most in magenta) to the North and Northwest during the Roman period.]]

They lived in Southern [[Central Europe]] (in the Upper [[Danube (river)|Danube]] basin and neighbouring regions) which is hypothesized as the original area of the [[Celts]] ([[Proto-Celtic language|Proto-Celts]]), corresponding to the [[Hallstatt Culture]]. Later they expanded towards the Middle Danube valley and to parts of the Balkans and towards inland central Asia Minor or Anatolia (Galatians). [[Hercynian Forest]] (''[[Hercynia Silva]]''), north of the Danube and east of the Rhine was in their lands. Celts, especially those from Western and Central Europe, were generally called by the Romans “Galli” i.e. “Gauls”, this name was synonym of “[[Celts]]”, this also means that not all of the peoples and tribes called by the name “Gauls” (Galli) were specifically Gauls in a narrower more regional sense. Their language is scarcely attested and can not be classified as a P-Celtic or Q-Celtic.
Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
*[[Anartes]]/[[Anartoi]]&nbsp;– Areas of modern [[Slovakia]] and modern Northern [[Hungary]], north of the river [[Tisza|Tysia / Tibiscus]] ([[Tisza]]). They lived in the eastern part of the [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]] (Hercynian Forest). Areas of modern central Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river [[Tisza|Tysia/Tibiscus]] (Tisza), north of the [[Teuriscii]].<ref name="Ioana A. Oltean 2007, p. 47" /> They were later assimilated by Dacians.
*[[Arabiates]]<ref>Andrea Faber, ''Körpergräber des 1.-3. Jahrhunderts in der römischen Welt: internationales Kolloquium'', Frankfurt am Main, 19.-20. November 2004, {{ISBN|3-88270-501-9}}, p. 144.</ref> - areas of modern Western Hungary and eastern Austria, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube).
*[[Belgites]]<ref>Géza Alföldy, ''Noricum'', Tome 3 of ''History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire'', 1974, p. 69.</ref> - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube).
*'''[[Boii]]'''<ref name= malloryadams/>– a tribal confederation, originally from today's [[Bohemia]] (Western [[Czech Republic]]) that dwelt in the [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]] and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern [[Slovakia]], [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Hungary]] and [[Northern Italy]].<ref name="boii">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&q=boii+koch+encyclopedia&pg=PA225|title=Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia|last=Koch|first=John T.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2006|edition=illustrated|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=224–225|isbn=1-85109-440-7}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0026:book=5:chapter=34|title=Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 5, chapter 34|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref><ref>A. Mocsy and S. Frere, ''Pannonia and Upper Moesia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire.'' p. 14.</ref> Another hypothesis is that they were a tribal confederation, originally from today's Southern France who migrated to [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]] under [[Segovesus]], and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern [[Slovakia]], [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Poland]] and [[Hungary]].<ref name="boii" /><ref name=":0" />
**Boii tribes of unknown names in the [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]] - roughly in today's [[Bohemia]]
**[[Boii]] (in [[Cisalpine Gaul]]) &nbsp;– Central [[Emilia-Romagna]] ([[Bologna]]) and [[Lodi, Lombardy]]. 
**[[Boii]] (in [[Transalpine Gaul]]) &nbsp;– Boui near Entrain<ref name="boii" /> - They were related to or a branch of the [[Boii]].
** Boii Boiates / Boviates / Boiates &nbsp;– La Tête de Buch, probably around [[Arcachon Bay]] and northwest of [[Landes (departement)]], in the [[Pays de Buch]] and Pays de Born. Although they dwelt in [[Aquitania]] Proper, they seem to have been a [[Celts|Celtic]] tribe and not a tribe of the [[Aquitani]] (a people that may have been ancestor of the [[Basques]]).
**[[Boii]] (in [[Pannonia]]) - [[Pannonia]], today's Western [[Hungary]] (west of the [[Danube]]) and part of eastern [[Austria]]
**[[Tulingi]] ([[Tulingi|Tylangii]]?) &nbsp;– localization unclear, possibly Southern Germany, Switzerland, or Austria; an originally Boii Celtic tribe that migrated along the upper Danube and later allied with the Helvetii?; also, may have been a [[Germanic Tribes|Germanic]] tribe.
*[[Breuci]]<ref>''Pannonia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire.'' p. 14.</ref>
*[[Carni]] &nbsp;– [[Carnic Alps]], South Austria ([[Carinthia]]/[[Kärnten]]), Western [[Slovenia]] ([[Carniola]]/[[Kranjska]]) and Northern [[Friuli]]/[[Friûl]] ([[Carnia]]/[[Cjargna]]). A tribe related to the [[Carnutes]]? Also, may have been a [[Adriatic Veneti|Venetic]] tribe (the [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] were a transitional people between [[Celts]] and [[Italic peoples|Italics]] or a [[Celticisation|Celticized]] [[Italic peoples|Italic]] people).
*[[Catubrini]] &nbsp;- In the [[Alps]] Southeastern slopes, close to [[Piave (river)|Plavis]] (Piave) and near [[Belluno|Bellunum]] (Belluno), to the Southwest of the [[Carni]]. They came from Central Europe and not from [[Gaul]] ([[Gallia]]). (They were not Cisalpine [[Gauls|Gaulish Celts]]). They probably were a [[ver sacrum]] of Carni.
*[[Celts]] of [[Tylis]] / Tylisian Celts<ref>[[Frank W. Walbank]], ''Polybius, Rome and the Hellenistic World: Essays and Reflections'',
{{ISBN|0-521-81208-9}}, 2002, p. 116: "... in A7P 60 (1939) 452 8, is not Antigonus Doson but barbarians from the mainland (either Thracians or Gauls from Tylis) (cf. Rostovizef and Welles (1940) 207-8, Rostovizef (1941) 111, 1645), nor has that inscription anything to do with the Cavan expedition. On ..."</ref>
*[[Cornacates]]<ref>Velika Dautova-Ruševljan and Miroslav Vujović, ''Rimska vojska u Sremu'', 2006, p. 131: "extended as far as Ruma whence continued the territory of another community named after the Celtic tribe of Cornacates"</ref>- areas of modern Western Hungary, west of river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube).
*[[Cotini]] &nbsp;– areas of modern [[Slovakia]], west of the [[Anartes]], and areas of Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube), south of [[Lake Balaton|Lacus Pelsodis]] / [[Lake Balaton|Pelso]] (today's [[Lake Balaton]]).
*[[Eravisci]] / [[Eravisci|Aravisci]]<ref name="Dacia 2009, p. 51">Ion Grumeza, ''Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe'', {{ISBN|0-7618-4465-1}}, 2009, p. 51: "In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati, Boii, Eravisci, Pannoni, Scordisci,"</ref>– areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube), [[Aquincum]] (modern [[Budapest]]) was in their territory.
*Helvetii-Rauraci / Raurici
**[[Helvetii]] &nbsp;– original dwellers of [[Agri Decumates]] region, in the western part of [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]], to the east and north of the Rhine; later, possibly at the end of the 3rd century BC they expanded to the South and Southwest to land later called [[Switzerland|Helvetia]] (modern day [[Switzerland]]). They were possibly more related to the Celtic populations of the upper Danube basin than to the Celts of Gaul. 
***[[Decumates]] may have meant "Ten Cantons". [[La Tène culture|La Tène]], (tribal confederation of four tribes).
***[[Tigurini]] &nbsp;– [[Yverdon]]
***Tougeni
***Verbigeni
***Tribe of unknown name ([[Helvetii]] Proper?)
**[[Rauraci]] / [[Raurici]] &nbsp; – [[Kaiseraugst]] ([[Augusta Raurica]]), a tribe closely related to the Helvetii.
*[[Hercuniates]] / [[Hercuniates|Hercuniatae]]<ref>John T. Koch, ''Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia'', {{ISBN|1-85109-440-7}}, 2006, p. 907.</ref> - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube).
*[[Latobici]] / [[Latobici|Latovici]]<ref name="Latobici and Varciani">J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, p. 81: "In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of ..."</ref> - not the same tribe as the [[Latobrigi]] but they could have been related, they dwelt in areas of modern Slovenia and Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube).
*[[Latobrigi]] - uncertain location, maybe to the north or northeast of the [[Helvetii]] in the upper [[Danube]] ([[Danube|Danubius]]) and upper [[Rhine]] river basins, original dwellers of [[Agri Decumates]] region, in the western part of [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]].
*[[Scordisci]]<ref name = wilkes140>J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, p. 140: "... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century"</ref> - areas of modern [[Serbia]], [[Croatia]], Austria, [[Romania]], west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube). According to Livy, they were related to the [[Bastarnae]].
**[[Celegeri]] / [[Celengeri]]<ref name = wilkes217>J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, p. 217.</ref>
**[[Dindari]] or ''Dindarii'' ([[Greek language|Greek]] ''Δινδάριοι''),<ref name = wilkes217/> a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci.<ref>''Population and economy of the eastern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia'', 2002, {{ISBN|1-84171-440-2}}, p. 24: "the Dindari were a branch of the Scordisci"</ref>
[[Image:ThracianTribes.jpg|thumb|300px|Map 6: Tribes in [[Thrace]] before the Roman period. Some of the tribes shown, such as the [[Serdi]] were [[Celts]].]]
*[[Serdi]]<ref>John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', ''Vol. 3, Part 2'': ''The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC'', {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, p. 600: "In the place of the vanished Treres and Tilataei we find the Serdi for whom there is no evidence before the first century BC. It has for long been supposed on convincing linguistic and archeological grounds that this tribe was of Celtic origin"</ref><ref>Dio Cassius, Earnest Cary, and Herbert B. Foster, ''Dio Cassius: Roman History'', ''Vol. IX, Books 71–80'' (Loeb Classical Library, No. 177), 1927, Index: "... 9, 337, 353 Seras, philosopher, condemned to death, 8. 361 Serdi, Thracian tribe defeated by M. Crassus, 6. 73 Seretium,""</ref> - in [[Serdica]] region (today's [[Sofia|Sofiya]], [[Bulgaria]]'s Capital)
*[[Serrapilli]] / [[Serrapilli|Serapilli]] - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube). 
*[[Serretes]]<ref>Dubravka Balen-Letunič, ''40 godina arheoloških istraživanja u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj'', 1986, p. 52: "and the Celtic Serretes"</ref> - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube). 
*[[Tricornenses]]<ref>Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and [[Andrew Lintott]], ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', ''Vol. 10'': ''The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69'', 1996, p. 580: "... 580 I3h. DANUBIAN AND BALKAN PROVINCES Tricornenses of Tricornium (Ritopek) replaced the Celegeri, the Picensii of Pincum ..."</ref> (a later formation tribe)
*'''[[Varisci|Norici]]''' / '''[[Taurisci]]''' / '''[[Varisci]]''' - a tribal confederation
**Alauni - in the middle [[Inn (river)|Aenus]] river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus in the [[Eastern Alps]], [[Chiemsee]] and [[Attersee (lake)|Attersee]] lakes region.
**[[Ambidravi]] / Ambidrani - in the upper and middle [[Drava|Dravus]] (Drau/Drava) river basin in the [[Eastern Alps]] and also in the [[Mur (river)|Mur/Mura]] river basin, today's [[Carinthia]] and [[Styria]], Austria.
**[[Ambilici]] - in the [[Drava|Dravus]] (Drau/Drava) river basin, east of the [[Ambidravi]]/Ambidrani (today's Southeast Austria and Northeast [[Slovenia]]).
**[[Ambisontes]] / Ambisontii - in the [[Alps|Alpes Noricae]] ([[Alps|East Central Alps]]), in the upper [[Salzach]] river basin.
**[[Norici]] ([[Narisci]]) / [[Norici|Nori]] - may have been a tribe of the larger Taurisci tribal federation; in the [[Eastern Alps]] and in the [[Mur (river)|Mur/Mura]] and [[Schwarza (Leitha)|Schwarza]] rivers basins and other areas, today's [[Styria]] and [[Lower Austria]] (Austria) south of the [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube), also may have been a Germanic tribe.
**Sevaces - in the low [[Inn (river)|Aenus]] river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus and south of the [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube), roughly in today's [[Upper Austria]].
**[[Teuriscii]] - A branch of the Celtic [[Taurisci]] (originally from [[Noricum]]) in the [[Tisza|Tysia/Tibiscus]] (Tisza) river basin south of the [[Anartes]]/[[Anartes|Anartii]]/[[Anartoi]]. Celts assimilated by Dacians<ref name="Ioana A. Oltean 2007, p. 47">Ioana A. Oltean, ''Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization'', {{ISBN|0-415-41252-8}}, 2007, p. 47.</ref>
*[[Varciani]]<ref name="Latobici and Varciani" />– areas of modern [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]].
*'''[[Vindelici]]''' &nbsp; – a tribal confederation, areas of modern Southern Germany ([[Bavaria]] and [[Baden-Württemberg]]), in the upper [[Danube basin]]. May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes.
**[[Brigantii]] &nbsp; – in the [[Lake Constance|Lacus Brigantinus]] (Lake Constance) area, [[Bregenz|Brigantia]] ([[Bregenz]]) was the main centre, in the border areas of modern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, north of the [[Vennonetes]]/[[Vennones]]/Vennonienses.
**[[Catenates]] &nbsp; - South of the [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube), in the low [[Lech (river)|Licus]] (Lech) river area, [[Augusta Vindelicorum]] region (today's [[Augsburg]]), north of the [[Licates]].
**Consuanetae / Cosuanetes / Cotuantii - Upper and middle valley of fl. [[Isar]]us (r. Isar) ([[Bavarian Alps]]) in today's [[Upper Bavaria]], Germany.
**Estiones &nbsp; - South of the [[Danube|Danubius]] (Danube), in the Ilargus (Roth) and [[Riss (river)|Riss]] rivers area, including today's [[Ulm]] area (between modern [[Bavaria]] and [[Baden-Württemberg]]), [[Cambodunum (Germany)|Cambodunum]] (today's [[Kempten]]) was one of their towns.
**Leuni &nbsp; - in the [[Isar]]us (Isar) and Ammer (Amper) river areas, [[Munich]] area, [[Bavaria]].
**[[Licates]] &nbsp; -in the [[Lech (river)|Licus]] (Lech) river valley, south of the [[Catenates]].
** [[Rucinates]] / Rucantii - Between rivers [[Isar]]us (Isar) and [[Danube|Danuvius]] (Danube), Low Bavaria.
** [[Vennones]] / Vennonienses / [[Vennonetes]] - Upper valley of fl. [[Rhine|Rhenus]] (r. Rhine) in today's [[canton of St. Gallen]], Switzerland, south of the [[Brigantii]].
**Vindelici Proper &nbsp; – a tribe to the north of the Upper Danube.
*'''[[Volcae]]''' - a tribal confederation, originally from today's [[Moravia]] (Eastern [[Czech Republic]]), Central and Upper [[Danube basin]] (Slovakia, Austria, [[Southern Germany]]), also in [[Main (river)|Main]] river basin, to the west of the Boii. They dwelt in [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]], north of the [[Danube|Danuvius]] (Danube) but dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe (Southern [[Gaul]]) and [[Asia Minor]]/[[Anatolia]] ([[Galatia]]).
**Volcae tribes of unknown names in [[Hercynian Forest|Hercynia Silva]] - roughly in today's [[Moravia]] and [[Main (river)|Main]] river basin.
**[[Volcae Arecomici]] / [[Volcae Arecomici|Volcae Arecomisci]] – in southern Gaul, in the Mediterranean coast of today's Languedoc.
**[[Volcae Tectosages]] (in Southern [[Gaul]] and also in [[Galatia]], Central [[Asia Minor]] or [[Anatolia]], one of the main tribes that formed the [[Galatians (people)|Galatians]])
*Possible [[Volcae]] tribes
**Volciani &nbsp;– may have been a tribe related to the [[Volcae]] and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts (i.e., the [[Celts]] of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]). Located north of the river [[Ebro|Iberus]] (Ebro), but not very precisely.

====[[Galatians (People)|Galatians]]====
[[File:Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period - general map - regions and main settlements.jpg|thumb|450px|Map 7: Classical regions of [[Asia Minor]] / [[Anatolia]]. [[Galatia]] where [[Galatians (people)|Galatians]] dwelt is in the centre.]]
In the middle 3rd century BC, [[Celts]] from the middle Danube valley, immigrated from [[Thrace]] into the highlands of central [[Anatolia]] (modern [[Turkey]]), which was called [[Galatia]] after that. These people, called [[Galatians (People)|Galatians]], a generic name for “Celts”, were eventually [[Hellenized]],<ref>William M. Ramsay, ''Historical Commentary on Galatians'', 1997, p. 302: "... these adaptable Celts were Hellenized early. The term Gallograecia, compared with Themistius' (p. 360) Γαλατία ..."</ref><ref>Roger D. Woodard, ''The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor'', 2008, p. 72: "... The Phrygian elite (like the Galatian) was quickly Hellenized linguistically; the Phrygian tongue was devalued and found refuge only ..."</ref> but retained many of their own traditions. They spoke [[Galatian language|Galatian]], a name derived from the generic name for “Celts”. Some closely fit the concept of a [[tribe]]. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
*[[Aigosages]],<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> between [[Troy]] and [[Cyzicus]]
*  Daguteni,<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> in modern Marmara region around [[Orhaneli]]
*  Inovanteni,<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> east of the Trocnades
*  Okondiani,<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> between [[Phrygia]] and [[Galatia]] northeast of modern [[Lake Akşehir|Akşehir Gölü]]
*  Rigosages,<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> unlocated
*  Trocnades,<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> in [[Phrygia]] around modern [[Sivrihisar]]
*Unknown tribe (Territory of Gaezatorix, a Celtic Chieftain),<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> between [[Bithynia]] and [[Galatia]] at modern [[Bolu]]
*[[Galatians (people)|Core Galatians]]
**[[Tectosages]],<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru">Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales, ''A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia, Celtic Names and La Tène Material in Anatolia, the Eastern Balkans, and the Pontic Steppes.''</ref> in [[Galatia]]
**[[Tolistobogii]],<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> in Galatia
**[[Trocmii]],<ref name="Prifysgol Cymru" /> in Galatia (easternmost known Celtic tribe)
{{See also|List of ancient tribes in Illyria}}
{{See also|List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia}}

===[[Gauls]] ([[Gauls|Galli]] or [[Celtae]])===
[[Image:Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|thumb|450px|Map 8: [[Gaul]] (58 BC) with important tribes, towns, rivers, etc. and early [[Roman provinces]].]]
[[File:Peuples gaulois.jpg|thumb|450 px|Map 9: Gaul ([[Gallia]]) on the eve of Roman conquest ([[Celtica (region)|Celtica]], which included [[Armorica]], [[Belgica]] and [[Aquitania|Aquitania Propria]] were conquered while [[Narbonensis]] was conquered earlier, already ruled by the [[Roman Republic]]). The map shows the ethnic and linguistic kinship of the tribes by different colours (the map is in French).]]
[[File:Droysens Hist Handatlas S16 Gallien.jpg|thumb|450px|Map 10: [[Roman Gaul]] at the end of the 1st century B.C. (Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas, 1886), with important tribes, towns, rivers, etc. and [[Roman provinces]].]]
[[Gauls]] were the [[Celts|Celtic]] people that lived in [[Gaul]] having many tribes but with some influential tribal confederations. ''[[Gauls|Galli]]'' ([[Gauls]]), for the [[Roman people|Romans]], was a name synonym of “Celts” (as [[Julius Caesar]] states in ''[[De Bello Gallico]]''<ref name="ReferenceA">Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt '''Belgae''', aliam '''Aquitani''', tertiam qui ipsorum lingua '''Celtae''', nostra Galli appellantur. [[Julius Caesar]], [[s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 1|Commentarii de Bello Gallico]], Book I, chapter 1</ref>) which means that not all peoples and tribes called “Galli” were necessarily [[Gauls]] in a narrower regional sense.
Gaulish Celts spoke [[Gaulish]], a [[Continental Celtic]] language of the [[P Celtic]] type, a more [[Innovative (linguistics)|innovative]] Celtic language - *kʷ > p.
Romans initially organized Gaul in two provinces (later in three):
[[Transalpine Gaul]], meaning literally "Gaul on the other side of the Alps" or "Gaul across the Alps", is approximately modern [[Belgium]], [[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[Netherlands]], and western Germany, in what would become the Roman provinces of [[Gallia Narbonensis]], [[Gallia Celtica]] (later [[Lugdunensis]] and [[Aquitania]]) and [[Gallia Belgica]]. 
Some closely fit the concept of a [[tribe]]. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
*[[Abrincatui]] - in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Aedui]] / [[Haedui]]&nbsp; - [[Gauls|Gaulish Celts]] largest tribal confederation, roughly in the geographical centre of Gaul and controlling important land, river, and trade routes
**[[Aedui]] / [[Haedui]] proper - [[Bibracte]]
**[[Ambivareti]]
**[[Parisii (Gaul)]] - [[Lutetia]], today's [[Paris]], was their capital. A tribe of similar name, the [[Parisi (Yorkshire)|Parisi]], dwelt in [[East Yorkshire]], [[United Kingdom]].
**[[Senones]]&nbsp;– [[Sens]]
*[[Agenisates]] / [[Angesinates]]&nbsp;– [[Angoumois]]
*[[Agnutes]]&nbsp;– [[Vendée]]
*[[Allobroges]]/[[Allobroges|Allobriges]]&nbsp;– [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]], Southern Gaul
*[[Ambarri]] (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it)
*[[Ambiliates]] / [[Ambilatres]]&nbsp;– Low [[Loire|Liger]] (Loire), in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]]
*[[Ambivarii]] / [[Ambibarii]]&nbsp; - in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]]
*[[Anagnutes]]
*[[Andecamulenses]]
*[[Andecavi]]/[[Andecavi|Andes]]&nbsp;– [[Angers]]
*[[Antobroges]]
*[[Arverni]]&nbsp;– [[Gergovia]] (tribal confederation)
**[[Arverni]] proper
**[[Gabali]]
*[[Armoricani]] / [[Armoricani|Aremoricii]] - in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] (Land "Before the Sea” or “Close to the Sea” - Are Morica)
*[[Arvii]]
*[[Atacini]]&nbsp;– [[Aussière]]
*[[Atesui]]
*[[Aulerci]] (tribal confederation)
**[[Aulerci]] [[Brannovices]]/[[Brannovii]]/[[Brannovii|Blannovii]] (a southern branch of the [[Aulerci]] but within the [[Aedui]] tribal confederation)
**[[Aulerci]] [[Aulerci Cenomani|Cenomani]] / Gaul Cenomani&nbsp;– [[Le Mans]]
**[[Aulerci]] [[Diablintes]]
**[[Aulerci]] [[Eburovices]]
**[[Aulerci]] [[Sagii]]
*[[Baiocasses]] / [[Baiocasses|Boiocasses]]&nbsp;– [[Bayeux]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Bebryces (Gauls)]]&nbsp;– in southern Gaul, south of the [[Volcae Arecomici]], close to [[Narbo]] ([[Narbonne]]) region.
*[[Bipedimui]] / [[Pimpedunni]]
*Bituriges
**[[Bituriges Cubi]]&nbsp;– [[Bourges]] (an eastern branch of the Bituriges but within the [[Aedui]] tribal confederation)
**[[Bituriges Vivisci]]&nbsp;– [[Bordeaux]] ([[Burdigala]])
*[[Cadurci]]&nbsp;– [[Cahors]]
*[[Caeresi]]
*[[Cambolectres]]
*[[Carnutes]] – [[Autricum]] ([[Chartres]]), [[Cenabum]] / [[Genabum]] ([[Orléans]]), in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Chalbici]]&nbsp;– [[Chablais]], in Southern Gaul, south of [[Lake Leman]]
*[[Corisopiti]]
*[[Curiosolitae]] / [[Coriosolites]]&nbsp;– [[Corseul]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Edenates]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Eleuterii]]
*[[Elycoces]]
*[[Epomandui]]
*[[Esuvii]] / [[Esubii]] / [[Sesuvii]]&nbsp;
*[[Helvii]] / [[Helvii|Elvi]] - Southern Gaul
*[[Lemovices]]&nbsp;– [[Limoges]]
*[[Lexovii]]&nbsp;– [[Lisieux]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Lingones]]
*[[Mandubii]]&nbsp;– [[Alesia (city)|Alesia]] (under Aedui Confederation influence but not part of it)
*[[Medulli Meduci]]&nbsp;– [[Médoc]], southwestern Gaul 
*[[Namnetes]]&nbsp;– [[Nantes]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Nantuates]] / [[Nantuates|Nantuatae]]
*[[Nitiobroges]]/[[Nitiobroges|Nitiobriges]]
*[[Osismii]] - Western end of [[Brittany]] Peninsula, in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Petrocorii]]&nbsp;– [[Périgueux]]
*[[Pictones]]/[[Pictavi]]&nbsp;– [[Poitiers]]
*[[Redones]]&nbsp;– [[Rennes]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Ruteni]]&nbsp;– [[Rodez]]
*[[Santones]]&nbsp;– [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]]
*[[Seduni]]&nbsp;– High [[Rhône]] river valley, [[Sion, Switzerland|Sion]] (Middle [[Valais]], Switzerland)
*[[Segusiavi]] / [[Segobriges]] - [[Lugdunum]] ([[Lyon]]), that was to be capital of [[Gallia Lugdunensis]], was in their land (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it).
*[[Segovellauni]] / [[Segovi]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Sequani]]&nbsp;– [[Besançon]]
*[[Tornates]] / [[Turnates]]
*[[Tricasses]] / [[Tricasses|Tricassini]]
*[[Triviatii]]
*[[Trones (tribe)|Trones]]
*[[Turones]] / [[Turones|Turoni]]&nbsp;– [[Tours]]
*[[Uberi]] / [[Viberi]]&nbsp;– High [[Rhône]] river valley, Upper [[Valais]]
*[[Vellavi]] / [[Vellavi|Velaunii]]&nbsp;– [[Le Puy-en-Velay|Ruessium]]
**[[Veragri]] - High [[Rhône]] river valley, Lower [[Valais]]
**[[Veroduni]]
*[[Venelli]] / [[Unelli]]&nbsp;– [[Coutances]], [[Cotentin]] Peninsula, in today's Western [[Normandy]] region, in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Veneti (Gaul)|Veneti]]&nbsp;– [[Vannes]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*[[Viducasses]] / [[Viducasses|Vadicasses]] / [[Viducasses|Vadicassii]]&nbsp;– [[Vieux, Calvados|Vieux]], in [[Aremorica]] or [[Armorica]] 
*Mix of several Gaulish tribes
**[[Gaesatae]]&nbsp;– Numbering c. 30,000, they participated in the [[battle of Telamon]]<ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Marcellus'', chapters 6-7 [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/1/1/14114/14114-h/14114-h.htm#LIFE_OF_MARCELLUS]</ref> a group of mercenary Celtic warriors from several tribes of the western Alps slopes, not a tribe.
*Possible Gaulish tribes
**[[Galli (tribe)]]&nbsp;– along [[Gállego (river)|Gallicus]] ([[Gállego (river)|Gállego]]) river banks, see place names (toponyms) like Forum Gallorum, [[Gallur]], a different tribe from the [[Suessetani]]; may have been a tribe related to the [[Gauls|Galli]] ([[Gauls]]) and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts. Some Gaulish tribes may have migrated southward and crossed the [[Pyrenees]] (by the north, the central, or the south areas of the mountains) in a second or a third Celtic wave to the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. These tribes were different from the Hispano-Celtic / Iberian Celtic tribes.
**[[Garumni]]&nbsp;– along the banks of the high [[Garonne|Garumna]] (Garonne), southwest of the [[Volcae Tectosages]], and in and around [[Lugdunum Convenarum]], among the [[Convenae]]. Although they dwelt in [[Aquitania]] Proper, they seem to have been a [[Celts|Celtic]] tribe and not a tribe of the [[Aquitani]] (a people that may have been the ancestor of the [[Basques]]).

{{See also|List of peoples of Gaul}}

====[[Gauls|Cisalpine Gauls]]====
[[File:Gallia Cisalpina-en.svg|thumb|400px|right|Map 11: Peoples of northern Italy during the 4th to 3rd centuries BC (Celtic tribes are shown in blue) (map names are in French)]]
*'''[[Gauls|Cisalpine Gauls]]''' ([[Celtae]] / [[Gauls|Galli Cisalpini]]) - They lived in Cisalpine Gaul, most of today's northern Italy. Multiple waves of population movements from France.<ref name=":0" /> They spoke [[Cisalpine Gaulish]] (a [[Continental Celtic]] language of the [[P Celtic]] type) closely related to [[Gaulish]] or [[Gallic language|Gallic]]. They lived in '''Cisalpine Gaul''' (''Gallia Cisalpina''), also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'',<ref name=DCC>{{cite book|title=Geographie des Transalpinischen Galliens |first=Joseph |last=von Hefner |year=1837 |place=Munich}}</ref> was the part of Italy continually inhabited by [[Celts]] since the 13th century BC.<ref>Venceslas Kruta: ''La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza'', Newton & Compton, 2003, {{ISBN|88-8289-851-2}}, {{ISBN|978-88-8289-851-9}}</ref> Conquered by the [[Roman Republic]] in the 220s BC, it was a [[Roman province]] from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was merged into [[Italy (Roman Empire)|Roman Italy]].<ref name=DRR>{{cite book|title=Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2 |first=George |last=Long |year=1866 |place=London}}</ref> Until that time, it was considered part of [[Gaul]], precisely that part of Gaul on the "hither side of the [[Alps]]" (from the perspective of the [[Roman people|Romans]]), as opposed to [[Gallia Narbonensis|Transalpine Gaul]] ("on the far side of the Alps").<ref name=GRG>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography: Vol.1 |first=William George |last=Snith |year=1854 |place=Boston}}</ref>
**Seven Gaulish tribes that according to [[Livy]] settled in Cisalpine Gaul around 600 BC. Led by [[Bellovesus]], they defeated the [[Etruscans]] at the [[Ticino (river)|Ticino]], settled in [[Insubria]] and founded the city of [[Mediolanum]], the modern [[Milan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Titus|first1=Livius|title=Ab Urbe Condita|page=5,34|title-link=Ab Urbe Condita}}</ref> They were ancestors of Cisalpine Gauls.
***[[Aedui]] (many [[Insubres]] descended from them)
***[[Ambarri]]
***[[Arverni]]
***[[Aulerci]] (many Cisalpine Gaul [[Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)|Cenomani]] descended from them)
***[[Bituriges Cubi|Bituriges]]
***[[Carnutes]]
***[[Salyes]] or [[Salluvii]] (Celto-Ligurians)
**[[Anani (tribe)|Anani]]&nbsp;– Western [[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia]], [[Po Valley]], ([[Fidentia]], [[Province of Piacenza]])
**[[Anamares]]&nbsp;– Minor tribe whose precise location along the southern bank of the river [[Po (river)|Padus]] in Italy is uncertain
**[[Anares]]&nbsp;– Middle [[Po Valley]], [[Placentia, Italy|Placentia]] ([[Piacenza]], [[Province of Piacenza]])
**[[Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)]]&nbsp;– Eastern [[Lombardy]] ([[Brescia|Brixia]], [[Cremona]]). Related to or a branch of the Cenomani ([[Aulerci]] [[Aulerci Cenomani|Cenomani]]) that lived in Transalpine [[Gaul]] ([[Gallia]] Transalpina).
**[[Insubres]]&nbsp;– Western [[Lombardy]] ([[Milan]]). Said by [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] to descend from the [[Aedui]].
**[[Lingones]]&nbsp;– North-eastern [[Emilia-Romagna]] ([[Ferrara]]), [[Po Valley]]. Related to or a branch of the [[Lingones]] that lived in [[Gaul]] ([[Gallia]]).
**[[Senones]]&nbsp;– South-eastern [[Emilia-Romagna]] ([[Rimini]]) and Northern [[Marche]] ([[Senigallia]]). Related to or a branch of the [[Senones]] that lived in [[Gaul]] ([[Gallia]]).

===[[Celts|Lepontine Celts]]===
They seem to have been an older group of [[Celts]] that lived in [[Cisalpine Gaul]] before the [[Gauls|Gaulish Celtic]] migration. They spoke [[Lepontic language|Lepontic]] (a [[Continental Celtic]] language) a Celtic language that seems to precede [[Cisalpine Gaulish]].
*[[Lepontii]] / [[Lepontii]] / Leipontii / [[Lepontes]] &nbsp;– [[Valle Leventina]] and [[Val d'Ossola]] in today's [[Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola]], [[Piemonte]], North-eastern [[Piedmont]], far Northwestern [[Lombardy]], and Switzerland in the [[Lepontine Alps]]. They were not [[Gauls|Gaulish Celts]]
*[[Orobii]] or [[Orumbovii]]&nbsp;– Central [[Lombardy]] ([[Bergamo]])

===[[Celts|Celto]]-[[Ligurians]] / [[Gauls|Gallo]]-[[Ligurians]]===
May have been [[Celts|Celtic]] tribes influenced by [[Ligurians]], heavily Celticized Ligurian tribes that shifted to a Celtic ethnolinguistic identity or mixed [[Celts|Celtic]]-[[Ligures|Ligurian]] tribes. They dwelt in southeastern [[Transalpine Gaul]] and northwestern [[Cisalpine Gaul]], mainly in the [[Western Alps]] regions, [[Rhodanus]] eastern basin and upper [[Po (river)|Po]] river basin.
*[[Acitavones]]
*[[Adenates]] / [[Adanates]]&nbsp;– slopes of the Western Alps (Maurienne-Modanne), Southern Gaul
*[[Adunicates]]&nbsp;– [[Andon, Alpes-Maritimes|Andon]] área, Southern Gaul
*[[Albici]]&nbsp;– Middle and Lower [[Durance]] river valley, Southern Gaul (tribal confederation)
**[[Albienses]] / [[Albici]] Proper
**[[Vordenses]]
**[[Vulgientes]]
*[[Anatili]]
*[[Avantices]] (Avantici)
*[[Avatices]] / [[Avatici]]&nbsp;– [[Camargue]] – [[Rhodanus]] river delta, south of the [[Volcae Arecomici]], in Southern [[Gaul]]
*[[Belaci]]
*[[Bodiontici]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Bormanni]]
*[[Bramovices]]&nbsp;– Low [[Tarentaise Valley|Tarentaise]], [[Savoy]], Southern Gaul
*[[Briganii]] / [[Brigianii]]&nbsp;– [[Briançon]], High [[Durance]] river valley, Southern Gaul
*[[Caburri]]
*[[Camatulici]]
*[[Casmonates]] / [[Cosmonates]] (in the area of [[Castellazzo Bormida]])
*[[Caturiges]]&nbsp;– [[Chorges]], High [[Durance]] river valley, in Southern Gaul
*[[Cavares]]/[[Cavari]]&nbsp;– North of Low [[Durance]], [[Arausio]] ([[Orange, Vaucluse|Orange]]), in Southern Gaul (tribal confederation)
**[[Cavares]] Proper
**[[Meminii]] / [[Menimii]]
*[[Ceutrones]] / [[Centrones]]&nbsp;– [[Moûtiers]], in the western Alps slopes, Southern Gaul
*[[Coenicenses]]
*[[Dexivates]]
*[[Esubiani]]&nbsp;– [[Ubaye Valley]], Southern Gaul
*[[Euburiates]]
*[[Gabieni]]
*[[Glanici]]
*[[Graioceli]] / [[Graioceli|Garocelli]]&nbsp;– Alps western slopes in part of eastern Savoy, and Alps eastern slopes, northwestern [[Piedmont]] in the [[Graian Alps]]
*[[Iadatini]]
*[[Iconii]]&nbsp;– [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]], in Southern Gaul
*[[Irienses]]
*[[Libii]] / [[Libici]]
*[[Ligauni]]
*[[Maielli]]
*[[Medulli]]&nbsp;– upper valley of [[Maurienne]], [[Transalpine Gaul|Southern Gaul]]
*[[Naburni]]
*[[Nearchi]]
*[[Nemalones]] / [[Nemolani]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Nemeturii]]&nbsp;– High [[Var (river)|Var]] river valley, Southern Gaul
*[[Orobii]] - in the northern Italian Alpine valleys of [[Bergamo]], [[Como]] and [[Lecco]]
*[[Quariates]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Reieni]] / Reii - in Southern Gaul
*[[Salassi]] ([[Gauls|Gallo]]-[[Ligures|Ligurian]] people)&nbsp;– [[Aosta Valley]] and [[Canavese]] (Northern [[Piedmont]]) ([[Ivrea]])
*[[Salyes]] / [[Salluvii]]
*[[Savincates]]
*[[Sebagini]]
*[[Segobriges]]
*[[Segovi]]
*[[Segusini]] - in [[Susa, Piedmont|Segusa]] (today's [[Susa, Piedmont|Susa]], [[Piemonte]])
*[[Sentienes]] / [[Sentii]]&nbsp;– [[Senez]], in Southern Gaul
*[[Sigorii]]
*[[Sogiontii]]
*[[Suelteri]] / [[Sueltri]]
*[[Suetrii]]
*[[Taurini]]&nbsp;– parts of central [[Piedmont]] ([[Turin]] region)
*[[Tebavii]]
*[[Tricastini]]
*[[Tricorii]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Tritolii]]
*[[Ucenni]]
*[[Veamini]] – in Southern Gaul
*[[Vennavi]]
*[[Vergunni]]&nbsp;– [[Vinon-sur-Verdon]], Southern Gaul
*[[Verucini]]
*[[Vocontii]] &nbsp; / [[Transalpine Gaul Vertamocori]]&nbsp;– [[Vaison-la-Romaine]], Southern Gaul (in modern [[Provence]], on the east bank of the [[Rhône]] and [[Vercors Plateau|Vercors]], southern Gaul.
**[[Vertamocorii]]&nbsp;– Eastern [[Piedmont]] ([[Novara]]). Said by [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] to descend from the [[Vocontii]].

===[[Hispano-Celts]] / [[Celts of Hispania]]===
[[File:Roman province of Hispania.jpg|thumb|450px|Map 12: [[Hispania|Roman Hispania]], at the end of the 1st century B.C. (Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas, 1886), with important tribes, towns, rivers, etc. and [[Roman provinces]].]]
[[File:Celts in Iberia.PNG|thumb|700px|Map 13: [[Celts]] in the [[Iberian Peninsula]], despite the name, a large part of the peninsula was celtic.]]
They lived in large parts of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], in the Northern, Central, and Western regions (half of the Peninsula's territory).
The [[Celts]] in the [[Iberian peninsula]] were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the [[La Tène culture]] that defined classical [[Iron Age]] Celts. Earlier migrations were [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] in culture and later came [[La Tène culture|La Tène]] influenced peoples. Celtic or ([[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]]) Pre-Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe. They dwelt in northern, central and western regions of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], but also in several southern regions. 
They spoke [[Celtic languages]] - [[Hispano-Celtic languages]] which were of the [[Q-Celtic]] type, more [[Conservative (linguistics)|conservative]] [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] languages.
Romans initially organized the Peninsula in two provinces (later in three):
[[Hispania Citerior]] ("Nearer Hispania", "Hispania that is Closer", from the perspective of the Romans), was a region of [[Hispania]] during the [[Roman Republic]], roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the [[Ebro|Iberus]] (Ebro) Valley and later the eastern, central, northern and northwestern areas of the [[Iberian peninsula]] in what would become the [[Tarraconensis]] [[Roman province]] (of what is now [[Spain]] and northern [[Portugal]]).
[[Hispania Ulterior]] ("Further Hispania", "Hispania that is Beyond", from the perspective of the Romans) was a region of [[Hispania]] during the [[Roman Republic]], roughly located in what would become the [[Roman province|provinces]] of [[Baetica]] (that included the [[Guadalquivir|Baetis]], [[Guadalquivir]], valley of modern Spain) and extending to all of [[Lusitania]] (modern south and central Portugal, [[Extremadura]] and a small part of [[Salamanca province]]).
The [[Roman province]] of [[Hispania]] included both Celtic speaking and non-Celtic speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a [[tribe]]. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

====[[Western Hispano-Celts]] ([[Celts of Western Hispania]])====
Western Hispano-Celts were Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited most of north and western Iberian Peninsula regions. They are often confused or taken as synonym of Celtiberians but, in fact, they were a distinct Celtic population that was most part of Iberian Peninsula Celtic populations. They spoke [[Gallaecian language|Gallaecian]] (a [[Continental Celtic languages|Continental Celtic]] language of the [[Q Celtic]] type, a more [[Conservative (linguistics)|conservative]] [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] language) which was not [[Celtiberian language|Celtiberian]] ([[Celtic languages]] of [[Iberian Peninsula]] are often lumped as [[Hispano-Celtic languages|Hispano-Celtic]]).
*[[Allotriges]] / [[Autrigones]]&nbsp;– East [[Burgos]] (Spain), Northwestern [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] (Spain) to the Atlantic Coast
*[[Astures|Astur]]es&nbsp;– Asturias and [[León (province)|northern León]] (Spain), and east of [[Trás-os-Montes Province|Trás os Montes]] (Portugal), (tribal confederation).
**[[Cismontani]]
***{{ill|Amaci|es|Amacos}}
***[[Cabruagenigi]]
***[[Gigurri]]
***[[Lancienses]]
***[[Lougei]]
***[[Orniaci]]
***[[Superatii]]
***[[Susarri]]/[[Astures]] Proper
***[[Tiburi]]
***[[Zoelae]]&nbsp;– Eastern Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), ([[Miranda do Douro]]).
**[[Transmontani]]
***[[Baedunienses]]
***[[Brigaentini]]
***[[Cabarci]]
***[[Iburri]]
***[[Luggones]]/[[Lungones]]
***[[Paenii]]
***[[Paesici]]
***[[Saelini]]
***[[Vinciani]]
***[[Viromenici]]. Might be related to the [[Viromandui]].
*[[Bebryaces]] / [[Berybraces]]&nbsp;– unknown location, may have been related to the [[Bebryces (gauls)]] or the [[Berones]], there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the [[Celtiberians]].
*[[Berones]]&nbsp;– [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] (Spain). Could have been related to the [[Eburones]].
*[[Cantabri]]&nbsp;– [[Cantabria]], part of [[Asturias]] and part of [[Castile and León]] (Spain); some consider them not Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] as could have been the [[Lusitani]] and [[Vettones]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm]. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (i.e. an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A Tribal confederation.
**[[Avarigines]]
**[[Blendii]] / [[Plentusii]] / [[Plentuisii]]
**[[Camarici]] / [[Tamarici]]
**[[Concani (Cantabri)|Concani]] / [[Gongani (Cantabri)|Gongani]] – two tribes of similar name (the Britannia [[Gangani (Ireland)|Gangani]] and Hibernia [[Gangani (Ireland)|Gangani]]) lived in [[Britannia]] and [[Hibernia]], they could have been three branches of the same tribe, three related tribes with common ancestors or three different tribes that shared similar names.
**[[Coniaci]] / [[Conisci]]
**[[Moroecani]]
**[[Noegi]]
**[[Orgenomesci]]
**[[Salaeni]] / [[Selaeni]]
**[[Vadinienses]]
**[[Vellici]] / [[Velliques]]
*[[Caristii]] / [[Caristii|Carietes]]&nbsp;– today's West [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]], they may have been Celtic (see [[Late Basquisation]]), they were later assimilated by the [[Vascones]] in the 6th and 7th centuries [[Common Era|CE]]; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] people as the [[Lusitani]] and [[Vettones]] could have been.[https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm] If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (i.e. an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic).
*[[Carpetani]]&nbsp;– Central [[Geography of Spain#The Inner Plateau and associated mountains|Iberian meseta]] (Spain), in the geographical centre of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], in a large part of today's [[Castilla-La Mancha]] and [[Community of Madrid|Madrid]] regions. A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1404299|title = Las gentilidades presentes en los testimonios epigráficos procedentes de la Meseta meridional|journal = Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología: Bsaa|year = 2003|issue = 69|pages = 185–206|last1 = Aguña|first1 = Julián Hurtado}}</ref> (the name of these tribes is known today by archaeology discovery of their names in old stellae and not by mention of any known or survived works of Classical Antiquity authors)
**[[Aelarici]] / [[Aelariques]]
**[[Aeturici]] / [[Aeturiques]] 
**[[Arquioci]] - in [[Alcalá de Henares|Iplacea]], Roman named [[Complutum]] (today's [[Alcalá de Henares]]) region.
**[[Acualici]] / [[Acualiques]] 
**[[Bocourici]] / [[Bocouriques]]
**[[Canbarici]] - in [[Toletum]] ([[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]) region.
**[[Contucianci]] - in [[Segobriga]] region.
**[[Dagencii]] 
**[[Dovilici]] / [[Doviliques]] 
**[[Duitici]] / [[Duitiques]] 
**[[Duniques]] 
**[[Elguismici]] / [[Elguismiques]] 
**[[Langioci]] 
**[[Longeidoci]] 
**[[Maganici]] / [[Maganiques]] 
**[[Malugenici]] / [[Malugeniques]] 
**[[Manucici]] / [[Manuciques]] 
**[[Maureici]] 
**[[Mesici (tribe)|Mesici]] 
**[[Metturici]] 
**[[Moenicci]] 
**[[Obisodici]] / [[Obisodiques]] - in [[Toletum]] ([[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]) region
**[[Pilonicori]]
**[[Solici]] 
**[[Tirtalici]] / [[Tirtaliques]] - in [[Segobriga]] region.
**[[Uloci]] / [[Uloques]] 
**[[Venatioci]] / [[Venatioques]]
*[[Celtici]]&nbsp;– Portugal south of the [[Tagus]] and north of [[Guadiana]] (''Anas''), [[Alentejo]] and [[Algarve]] (Portugal), western [[Extremadura]] (Spain), (tribal confederation).
**[[Celtici]] of [[Ronda|Arunda]] ([[Ronda]])&nbsp;– in south Turdetania, later [[Baetica]] Roman province, (in today's western [[Málaga Province]]), [[Andalusia]] region (southernmost known Celtic tribe).
**[[Cempsi]]
**[[Conii]]&nbsp;– according to some scholars, [[Conii]] and [[Cynetes]] were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe; in this case, the Conii may have dwelt along the northern banks of the middle [[Guadiana|Anas]] (Guadiana) river, in today's western [[Extremadura]] region of Spain, and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the [[Cynetes]] of [[Algarve|Cyneticum]] ([[Algarve]]) that dwelt from the west banks of the Low river [[Guadiana|Anas]] (Guadiana) further to the south (the [[celticization]] of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes).<ref name="Alarcão, 2001, p. 312">Jorge de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia, vol. IV, n° 2, 2001, p. 312 e segs.</ref>
**[[Mirobrigenses]]
**[[Sefes|Saephes]] / [[Sefes|Saefes]] / [[Sefes]] - people or tribe of the Celtici that has been identified as synonymous with the [[Ophiussa|Ophi]] or ''Serpent People'' (their land was called [[Ophiussa]]), a people that migrated westward and conquered and expelled an older people known as the [[Oestriminis|Oestrymni]] or [[Oestrimni]] (in a land that was called [[Oestriminis]]).
**Unknown tribes
*[[Callaici|Gallaeci]] / [[Callaici]] ([[Calaici|Gallecians]])&nbsp;– [[Gallaecia]] (Portugal & Galicia). [[Western Hispano-Celts]] largest tribal confederation.
**[[Abobrigenses]]
**[[Addovi]] / [[Iadovi]]
**[[Aebocosi]]
**[[Aedui (Gallaecian tribe)]]
**[[Albiones]] / [[Albioni]]&nbsp;– western [[Asturias]] (Spain).
**[[Amphiloci]]
**[[Aquaflavienses]] / [[Aquiflavienses]] - [[Vila Real District]] ([[Chaves, Portugal|Chaves]]), ([[Portugal]])
**[[Arroni]] / [[Arrotrebi]]
**[[Artabri|Arrotrebae]] / [[Artabri]] ([[Artabri|Turodes Artabri]])&nbsp;– Northern [[Galicia (Spain)]], They might be related to the [[Atrebates]] of [[Gallia Belgica]].
**[[Artodii]]
**[[Aunonenses]]
**[[Baedi]]
**[[Banienses]]&nbsp;– around [[Baião Municipality]], Eastern [[Porto District]], (Portugal).
**[[Barhantes]]
**[[Bibali]] / [[Bibali|Biballi]]
**[[Bracari]] / [[Bracari|Callaeci Bracari]] – roughly in today's [[Braga District]], (Portugal).
**[[Brassii]]
**[[Brigantes (Gallaecian tribe)]]&nbsp;– Northern [[Bragança District]], [[Bragança, Portugal|Bragança]], (Portugal).
**[[Caladuni]]
**[[Capori]] / [[Copori]]
**[[Celtici (Gallaecian)]]
***[[Celtici Praestamarici]]
***[[Celtici Supertamarici]]
**[[Cibarci]]
**[[Cileni]]
**[[Coelerni]]&nbsp;– southwestern [[Ourense Province]] (Spain), south of [[Minho (river)]].
**[[Cuci (Gallaecian tribe)|Cuci]]
**Egi
**[[Egovarri]] / [[Varri Namarini]]
**[[Equaesi]]&nbsp;– [[Minho Province|Minho]] and Trás-os-Montes (Portugal).
**[[Gallaeci (Proper)|Gallaeci]] or [[Gallaeci (Proper)|Callaeci]] Proper, this tribe gave name to the larger tribal confederation of the same name (not the same tribe as the [[Bracari]]) - roughly in today's [[Porto District]] (Portuguese District = County) west of the [[Tâmega (river)|Tâmega]].
**[[Grovii]] / ([[Grovii|Turodes Grovii]])&nbsp;– Minho (Portugal) and [[Galicia (Spain)]].
**[[Iadones]]
**[[Interamici]] / [[Interamnici]]&nbsp;– Trás-os-Montes (Portugal).
**[[Lapatianci]]
**[[Lemavi]]
**[[Leuni]]&nbsp;– Minho (Portugal).
**[[Limici]]&nbsp;– [[Lima (river)|Lima]] river banks, Minho (Portugal) and [[Galicia (Spain)]].
**[[Louguei]]
**[[Luanqui]]&nbsp;– Trás-os-Montes (Portugal).
**[[Naebisoci]] / [[Aebisoci]]
**[[Namarii]]
**[[Narbasi]] -Minho (Portugal) and [[Galicia (Spain)]].
**[[Nemetati]]&nbsp;– Minho (Portugal).
**[[Nerii]] / [[Nerii|Neri]]
**[[Poemani]], they might be related to the [[Paemani]].
**[[Quaquerni]] / [[Querquerni]]&nbsp;– Minho (Portugal).
**[[Segodii]]
**[[Seurbi]]&nbsp;– Minho (Portugal).
**[[Seurri]]&nbsp;– [[Sarria]] Municipality, East Central [[Galicia (Spain)]]
**[[Tamagani]]&nbsp;– [[Chaves, Portugal|Chaves]] (Portugal).
**[[Tongobrigenses]]
**[[Turodi]] / [[Turodi|Turodes]]&nbsp;– Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain).
*[[Cynetes]]&nbsp;– [[Algarve|Cyneticum]] (today's [[Algarve]] region) and Low [[Alentejo]] (Portugal); originally probably [[Tartessian language|Tartessians]] or similar, later celtized by the [[Celtici]]; according to some scholars, Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes.<ref name="Alarcão, 2001, p. 312"/>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm]
*[[Oestriminis|Oestrymni]] or [[Oestrimni]] or [[Oestriminis|Oestrymini]] - They lived in far-western [[Iberian Peninsula]] in coastal Atlantic regions (today's [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] and [[Portugal]]) before other Celtic peoples, their land was called [[Oestriminis|Oestryminis]] or [[Oestriminis]] (their existence is not well proven, semi legendary people).
*[[Osismii (Iberian Peninsula)]] - people mentioned along with the [[Oestriminis|Oestrymni]] or may have been the same people.
*[[Plentauri]]&nbsp;– Northwestern [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]] (Spain).
*[[Turduli]]&nbsp;– [[Guadiana]] valley (Portugal) and [[Extremadura]] (Spain); may have been related to [[Lusitanians]], [[Callaeci]] or [[Turdetani]].
**[[Turduli|Turduli Baetici / Turduli Baetures]] - Baeturia/[[Baeturia Turdulorum]] (ancient northern region of [[Baetica]] Province), south and east of the river [[Guadiana|Anas]] (Guadiana) and northern slope of [[Sierra Morena|Marianus Mons]] (Sierra Morena), Southern [[Extremadura]] region, [[Badajoz Province]], Portugal Southeastern corner, East [[Beja District]], [[Alentejo]] region.
**[[Bardili (Turduli)|Turduli Bardili]]&nbsp;– [[Setubal Peninsula]] (Portugal); may have been related to [[Lusitanians]], [[Callaeci]] or [[Turdetani]].
**[[Turdulorum Oppida|Turduli Oppidani]]&nbsp;– [[Estremadura Province (historical)|Estremadura]] and [[Beira Litoral Province|Beira Litoral]] (Portugal); may have been related to [[Lusitanians]], [[Callaeci]] or [[Turdetani]].
**[[Turduli Veteres]]&nbsp;– Southern Douro banks, between [[Douro]] and [[Vouga River]], [[Aveiro District]], (Portugal); may have been related to [[Lusitanians]], [[Callaeci]] or [[Turdetani]].
*[[Turmodigi]] or [[Turmogi]] - Central [[Burgos]].
*[[Vaccaei]]&nbsp;– North Central Iberian meseta (Spain), middle [[Duero (river)|Duero]] river basin. A tribal confederation. [[Ptolemy]] mentions 20 vaccaean [[Civitates]] (that also had the meaning of tribes)<ref>Ptolemy, Geographia, II, 5, 6</ref>
**[[Cauci (Vaccaei)]]&nbsp;– in [[Coca, Segovia|Cauca]] (Coca, [[Segovia]])
**Other tribes (19 other tribes mentioned by [[Ptolemy]])
*[[Varduli]]&nbsp;– today's East [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]], they may have been Celtic (see [[Late Basquisation]]), they were later assimilated by the [[Vascones]] in the 6th and 7th centuries AD; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] people as the [[Lusitani]] and [[Vettones]] could have been. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (i.e. an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic).[https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm].

====[[Celtiberians|Eastern Hispano-Celts]] ([[Celtiberians]])====
[[File:Mapa celtiberos.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Map 14: Territory of the [[Celtiberi]], mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians, with the possible location of the tribes. The names of the tribes are in Castillian or Spanish (whose plural grammatical number descends from the Latin plural accusative declension).]]
Eastern [[Geography of Spain#The Inner Plateau and associated mountains|Iberian meseta]] (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers [[Douro]], [[Tagus]], [[Guadiana]] (''Anas''), [[Júcar]], [[Jalón (river)|Jalón]], [[Jiloca (river)|Jiloca]] and [[Turia (river)|Turia]], (tribal confederation). Mixed [[Celts|Celtic]] and [[Iberians|Iberian]] tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the [[Celts]] that lived in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] but to a narrower group (the majority of [[Celts|Celtic]] tribes in the [[Iberian Peninsula]]) were not Celtiberians. They spoke [[Celtiberian language|Celtiberian]] (a [[Continental Celtic languages|Continental Celtic]] language of the [[Q Celtic]] type, a more [[Conservative (language)|conservative]] Celtic language).
*[[Arevaci]] (Celtiberian Arevaci – Celtiberian tribe “Before or Close to the Vaccaei” – Are Vaci – Are Vaccaei)
*[[Belli]]
*[[Cratistii]]
*[[Lobetani]]
*[[Lusones]]&nbsp;– Western [[Zaragoza (province)]], Eastern [[Guadalajara (province)|Guadalajara]] (Spain).
*[[Mantesani]] / [[Mentesani]] / [[Mantasani]]&nbsp;– [[La Mancha]] Plateau, [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (Spain); they were a different people from the [[Oretani]].
*[[Olcades]]
*[[Oretani]]?&nbsp;– northeastern [[Andalusia]], northwest [[Region of Murcia|Múrcia]] and southern fringes of [[La Mancha]], (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the [[Guadalquivir]] (ancient river ''Baetis''); Some consider them not Celtic [http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm] (see [[Germani (Oretania)]]).
*[[Pellendones]] / [[Cerindones]], in high [[Duero]] river course ([[Numantia]]) and neighboring mountains, may also have been related to the [[Pelendi]]/[[Belendi]] that dwelt in the middle of the river [[Sigmatis]], today's [[Leyre (river)|Leyre]].
*[[Titii (Celtiberian)]]
*[[Turboletae]] / [[Turboleti]]
*[[Uraci]] / [[Duraci]]
*Possible Celtiberian tribe
**[[Belendi]] / [[Pelendi]]&nbsp;– [[Belin-Béliet|Belinum]] territory ([[Belin-Béliet]]), in the middle [[Sigmatis]] river (in today's [[Leyre (river)|Leyre]]) river area, south of the [[Bituriges Vivisci]] and the [[Boii Boiates]]; they may have been related to the [[Pellendones]] (a [[Celtiberians|Celtiberian]] tribe). Although they dwelt in [[Aquitania]] Proper, they seem to have been a [[Celts|Celtic]] tribe and not a tribe of the [[Aquitani]] (a people that may have been the ancestor of the [[Basques]]).
{{See also|Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula}}

==[[Insular Celts]]==
[[Insular Celts]] were the [[Celts|Celtic]] peoples and tribes that inhabited the [[British Islands]], [[Britannia]] ([[Great Britain]]), the main largest island to the east, and [[Hibernia]] ([[Ireland]]), the main smaller island to the west. There were three or four distinct Celtic populations in these islands, in [[Britannia]] inhabited the [[Britons (ancient)|Britons]], the [[Caledonians]] or [[Picts]], the [[Belgae]] (not surely known if they were a Celtic people or a distinct but closely related one); in [[Hibernia]] inhabited the [[Gaels|Hibernians]] or [[Gaels|Goidels]] or [[Gaels]]. [[Britons (ancient)|Britons]] and [[Caledonians]] or [[Picts]] spoke the [[P-Celtic]] type languages, a more [[Innovative (linguistics)|innovative]] [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] language (*kʷ > p) while [[Gaels|Hibernians]] or [[Gaels|Goidels]] or [[Gaels]] spoke [[Q-Celtic]] type languages, a more [[Conservative (linguistics)|conservative]] [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] language.
Classical Antiquity authors did not call the British islands peoples and tribes as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons (in Britannia). They only used the name Celts or Gauls for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.<ref name="Collis, John 2003 p. 180"/>

===[[Britons (ancient)|Britons (Celts)]]===
[[File:Britain.south.peoples.Ptolemy.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Map 15: Southern Britain about the year 150 AD]]
[[File:Wales.pre-Roman.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Map 16: Wales about the year 40 AD]]
They spoke [[Common Brittonic|Brittonic]] (an [[Insular Celtic languages|Insular Celtic]] language of the [[P Celtic]] type).
They lived in [[Britannia]], it was the name Romans gave, based on the name of the people: the [[Britons (Celtic people)|Britanni]]. 
Some closely fit the concept of a [[tribe]] but others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
*[[Ancalites]] (mentioned by [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]; uncertain: speculatively [[Hampshire]] and [[Wiltshire]]) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly [[Belgae|Belgian]] [[Catuvellauni]])
*[[Attacotti]] (origin uncertain)
*[[Bibroci]] (mentioned by [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]; location uncertain but possibly [[Berkshire]]) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly [[Belgae|Belgian]] [[Catuvellauni]])
*[[Boresti]] (sometimes ''Horesti'') (In or near [[Fife]], Scotland according to Tacitus)
*[[Brigantes]] (an important tribe in most of [[Northern England]] and in the south-east corner of [[Ireland]])
*[[Cantiaci]] (in present-day [[Kent]] which preserves the ancient tribal name)
*[[Carvetii]] ([[Cumberland]])
*[[Cassi]] (mentioned by [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]; possibly south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly [[Belgae|Belgian]] [[Catuvellauni]])
*[[Corieltauvi]] / [[Coritani]] ([[East Midlands]] including [[Leicester]])
*[[Corionototae]] (possibly a tribe, a subtribe of the [[Brigantes]] or a group of warriors) ([[Northumberland]])
*[[Cornovii (Midlands)]]
*[[Damnonii]] (Southwestern Scotland)
*[[Deceangli]] ([[Flintshire]], [[Wales]])
*[[Demetae]] ([[Dyfed]], [[Wales]])
*[[Dobunni]] ([[Cotswolds]] and [[Severn]] valley)
*[[Dumnonii]] ([[Devon]], [[Cornwall]], [[Somerset]])
**[[Cornovii (Cornwall)]] (a sub-tribe of the Dumnonii)
*[[Durotriges]] ([[Dorset]], south [[Somerset]], south [[Wiltshire]], possibly the [[Isle of Wight]]
*[[Gabrantovices]] ([[North Yorkshire]])
*[[Gangani (Ireland)|Gangani]] ([[Llŷn Peninsula]], [[Wales]]) - A tribe of the same name, the [[Gangani (Ireland)|Gangani]] (''Ganganoi''), lived in [[Hibernia]]'s southwestern coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. A tribe of similar name, the Gongani or Concani, was a tribe of the [[Cantabri]], they could have been another branch of the same tribe, related tribes with common ancestors or a different tribe that shared a similar name.  
*[[Iceni]]-[[Cenimagni]] (may have been the same tribe)
**[[Cenimagni]] ([[Iceni|Iceni Magni]]?) (mentioned by [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]; perhaps the same as the [[Iceni]])
**[[Iceni]] ([[East Anglia]])&nbsp;– under [[Boudica]], they rebelled against Roman rule
*[[Novantae]] ([[Galloway]] and [[Carrick, Scotland|Carrick]])
*[[Ordovices]] ([[Gwynedd]], [[Wales]])&nbsp;– they waged guerrilla warfare from the north Wales hills
*[[Parisi (Yorkshire)|Parisi]] ([[East Riding of Yorkshire]]). A tribe of similar name, the [[Parisii (Gaul)|Parisii]], dwelt in [[Paris]] region, [[France]].
*[[Segontiaci]] (mentioned by [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]; probably south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly [[Belgae|Belgian]] [[Catuvellauni]])
*[[Selgovae]] ([[Dumfriesshire]] and the [[Kirkcudbrightshire|Stewartry of Kirkcudbright]])
*[[Setantii]] (possibly a tribe) ([[Lancashire]])
*[[Silures]] (south [[Wales]])&nbsp;– resisted the Romans in present-day south [[Wales]]
*[[Trinovantes]] / [[Trinobantes]] ([[Essex]])&nbsp;– neighbours of the [[Iceni]], they joined in their rebellion
*[[Votadini]] / [[Otadini]] (north-east England and south-east Scotland)&nbsp;– they later formed [[Gododdin]]

===[[Picts]] / [[Caledonians]]===
[[File:Britain.north.peoples.Ptolemy.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Map 17: Northern Britain about the year 150 AD]] 
They were a different people from the [[Britons (Celtic people)|Britons]],{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} but may have shared common ancestry. They lived as a tribal confederation in [[Caledonia]] (today's Northern [[Scotland]]); the [[Caledonian Forest]] ([[Caledonian Forest|Caledonia Silva]]) was in their land.
*[[Caledonians]] / [[Caledones]] - a tribal confederation
**[[Caledones]] Proper / [[Caledonii]] Proper (along the [[Great Glen]])
**[[Taexali]]/[[Taezali]] ([[Angus, Scotland|Angus]] and [[Grampian]])
**[[Vacomagi]] (in and around the [[Cairngorms]])
**[[Venicones]] ([[Fife]] and south-west [[Tayside]] in Scotland)
*[[Carnonacae]] (western [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]])
*[[Caereni|Carini]] or [[Caereni]] (far western [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]])
*[[Cateni]] (north and west of [[Sutherland]])&nbsp;– they gave the county its Gaelic name [[Cataibh]]
*[[Cornovii (Caithness)|Cornovii]]/[[Cornavii]] (far northern mainland [[Scotland]]) (northernmost known Celtic tribe)
*[[Creones]] ([[Argyll]])
*[[Decantae]] or [[Decantae|Ducantae]] (eastern [[Ross, Scotland|Ross]] and [[Black Isle]])
*[[Epidii]] ([[Kintyre]] and neighboring islands)
*[[Lugi]] (southern [[Sutherland]])
*[[Maeatae]] / [[Maetae]] ([[Maeatae|Miathi]]?)
*[[Smertae]] (central [[Sutherland]])
*Tribe of unknown name in the [[Faroe Islands]] (may have been Picts)
*Tribe of unknown name in the [[Orkney Islands]] (may have been Picts)
*Tribe of unknown name in the [[Shetland Islands]] (may have been Picts)
{{See also|Iron Age tribes in Britain}}

===[[Gaels|Goidels]] / [[Gaels]] / [[Gaels|Hibernians]]===
[[File:Ptolemy's Ireland.png|300px|thumb|right|Map 18: The population groups (tribes and tribal confederations) of Ireland (''Iouerníā'' / ''Hibernia'') mentioned in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geographia]]'' in a modern interpretation. Tribes' names on the map are in Greek (although some are in a phonetic transliteration and not in Greek spelling).]]
They spoke [[Goidelic]] (an [[Insular Celtic languages|Insular Celtic]] language of the [[Q Celtic]] type.
According to [[Ptolemy]]'s ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]'' (2nd century AD) (in brackets the names are in Greek as on the map):
*[[Uaithni|Autini]] (''Aouteinoi'' - ''Auteinoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)
*[[Brigantes#Brigantes in Ireland|Brigantes]] ([[Britons (ancient)|Britons]]? A tribe of the same name lived in northern [[Roman Britain|Britannia]] or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name)
*[[Cauci]] (Καῦκοι, ''Kaukoi'' on the map) A tribe of the same name ([[Chauci]]) lived in Northern [[Germany]] or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name.
*[[Coriondi]] (or ''Koriondoi'') A tribe of a similar name ([[Corionototae]]) lived in Northern [[Britannia]]. 
*[[Darini]] (''Darinoi'')
*[[Eblani]] (''Eblanioi'')
*[[Erdini]] (''Erdinoi'')
*[[Gangani (Ireland)|Gangani]] (''Ganganoi'') ([[Britons (ancient)|Britons]]? A tribe of the same name lived in western [[Roman Britain|Britannia]] (today's northwestern Wales) they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names.
*[[Iverni]] (''Iouernoi'' - ''Iwernoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)
*[[Manapii]] (''Manapioi'') ([[Belgae]]? A tribe of similar name, the [[Menapii]], lived in the coast of [[Belgica]] province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names)
*[[Nagnatae]] or Magnatae (''Nagnatai'' or ''Magnatai'')
*[[Robogdii]] (''Rhobogdioi'')
*[[Usdiae]] (''Ousdiai'' - ''Usdiai'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)
*[[Uterni]] (''Outernoi'' - ''Uternoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)
*[[Velabri]] or Vellabori (''Ouellaboroi'' - ''Wellabrioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)
*[[Vennicnii]] (''Ouenniknioi'' - ''Wenniknioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)
*[[Volunti]] (''Ouolountioi'' - ''Woluntioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling)&nbsp;– identifiable with the [[Ulaid]]h/Uluti<ref>''The Encyclopedia of Ireland'', B. Lalor and F. McCourt editors, © 2003 New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 1089 {{ISBN|0-300-09442-6}}, noting that Ulaidh was the original tribal designation of the Uluti, who are identifiable as the Voluntii of the Ptolomey map and who occupied, at start, all of the historic province of Ulster.</ref>
*Later peoples
**[[Scoti|Scotti]] (western portion of [[Scotland]], later they expanded for most part of the country) - a later people from late [[Classical antiquity]] and early [[Middle Ages]], descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes (mostly from the [[Darini]], [[Robogdii]] and [[Volunti]] / [[Uluti]]) that crossed the [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]], they formed the kingdoms of [[Ulaid]] and [[Dál Riata]].
{{See also|List of Irish kingdoms|Túath}}

==Possible Para-Celts==
Para-Celtic has the meaning that these peoples had common ancestors with the [[Celts]] but were not Celts themselves (although they were later [[Celticisation|Celticized]] and belong to a Celtic culture sphere of influence), they were not direct descendants from the [[Proto-Celts]].
They may in fact have been Proto-Celto-Italic, predating the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] or [[Italic languages|Italic]] languages and originated earlier from either [[Proto-Celts|Proto-Celtic]] or [[Proto-Italic language|Proto-Italic]] populations who spread from [[Central Europe]] into [[Western Europe]] after new [[Yamnaya]] migrations into the [[Danube Valley]].<ref name="ReferenceB">Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana, Salamanca: Universidad, 2000</ref> Alternatively, a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-west Indo-European" and associated with the [[Beaker culture]], may have been ancestral to not only [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] and [[Italic languages|Italic]], but also to [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

===[[Belgae]]===
Source:<ref name="Koch 2006 198–200">{{cite book|pages=198–200|title=Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia|first=John T. |last=Koch|edition= illustrated|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&q=koch+encyclopedia+belgae&pg=PA198|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=1-85109-440-7}}</ref>
[[File:Peuples gaulois.jpg|thumb|350 px|Map 19: According to [[Strabo]], the [[Belgae|Belgian]] tribes (in orange) (the map is in French).]]
[[File:England Celtic tribes - South.svg|thumb|350px|Map 20: [[Belgae]] ([[Belgae Proper]] tribe, the [[Atrebates]] and possibly the [[Regni]] or Regnenses and [[Catuvellauni]]) and neighbouring tribes ([[Britons (ancient)|Britons]] Proper) in [[Britannia]] ([[Britain (island)|Britain]]).]]
A people or a group of related tribes that dwelt in [[Belgica]], parts of [[Britannia]], and may have dwelt in parts of [[Hibernia]] and also parts of [[Hispania]] (large tribal confederation).
According to classical authors works, like Caesar's [[De Bello Gallico]],<ref name="ReferenceA"/> they were a different people and spoke a different language (Ancient [[Ancient Belgian language|Belgic]]) from the [[Gauls]] and [[Britons (Celtic people)|Britons]]; they were clearly an Indo-European people and may have spoken a Celtic language. There is also the possibility that their language may have been a different language branch of Indo-European from the [[Nordwestblock]] culture, which may have been intermediary between [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Celtic languages|Celtic]], and might have been affiliated to [[Italic languages|Italic]] (according to a [[Maurits Gysseling]] hypothesis).
*Mainlander [[Belgae]] (in [[Belgica]])
**[[Ambiani]]&nbsp;– [[Amiens]]
**[[Ambivareti]]
**[[Atrebates]] (in [[Belgica]])&nbsp;– [[Arras]]
**[[Bellovaci]]&nbsp;– [[Beauvais]]
**[[Caletes|Caleti]]/[[Caletes]]&nbsp;– [[Harfleur]] (''Caracotinum''), later [[Lillebonne]] (''Juliobona'')
**[[Catalauni]] / [[Catalauni|Gaul Catuvellauni]]&nbsp;– [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]
**[[Catuslogi]]
**[[Eburones]] (mixed [[Belgae]] and [[Germani cisrhenani]] people)
**[[Leuci]]&nbsp;– [[Toul]] (''Tullum Leucorum'')
**[[Mediomatrici]]&nbsp;– [[Metz]]
**[[Meldi]]&nbsp;– [[Marne (department)|Marne]] (''Matrona'')&nbsp;– [[Meaux]]
**[[Menapii]]&nbsp;– [[Cassel, France|Cassel]]. A tribe of similar name, the [[Manapii]] (''Manapioi''), lived in southeastern [[Hibernia]] (modern Ireland) coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names.
**[[Morini]]&nbsp;– [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]]
**[[Nervii]]&nbsp;– [[Bavay]], [[Belgae]] largest tribal confederation.
***[[Ceutrones (Belgae)]]
***[[Geidumni]]
***[[Grudii]]
***[[Levaci]]
***[[Nervii]] Proper
***[[Pleumoxii]]
**[[Remi]]&nbsp;– [[Reims]]
**[[Silvanectii]]&nbsp;– [[Senlis]]
**[[Suessiones]]&nbsp;– [[Soissons]] ([[Suessetani]] may have been related, result of a migration towards south)<ref name="Mountain, Harry 1997 p.225">Mountain, Harry. (1997). ''The Celtic Encyclopedia'' p.225 {{ISBN|1-58112-890-8}} (v. 1)</ref>
**[[Tencteri]]&nbsp;– [[Rhine]] east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed [[Belgae]] and [[Germanic peoples|Germani]] tribe.
**[[Treveri]]&nbsp;– [[Trier]]
**[[Usipetes]]&nbsp;– [[Rhine]] east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed [[Belgae]] and [[Germanic peoples|Germani]] tribe.
**[[Veliocasses]]/[[Veliocasses|Velicasses]]/[[Veliocasses|Velocasses]]&nbsp;– [[Rouen]]
**[[Viromandui]]&nbsp;– [[Noyon]]
*Islander [[Belgae]] (in south and southeast [[Great Britain]])
**[[Atrebates]] (in [[Britannia]])&nbsp;– an important Belgic tribe of today's Southern England, in [[Berkshire]]. Related to or a branch of the [[Atrebates]] that lived in [[Gallia Belgica]].
**[[Belgae (tribe)]] (in [[Britannia]])&nbsp;– Belgic tribe, in today's [[England]]'s south coast, [[Isle of Wight]], [[Hampshire]], [[Wiltshire]]
**[[Catuvellauni]] ([[Britannia]], today's [[Hertfordshire]])&nbsp;– Belgic tribe, neighbours of the [[Iceni]], they joined in their rebellion. May have been related to the [[Catalauni]]. May have conquered and assimilated the [[Ancalites]], [[Bibroci]], [[Cassi]], part of the [[Iceni]] ([[Cenimagni]]) and the [[Segontiaci]], which were [[Britons (ancient)|Brittonic]] or [[Britons (ancient)|British]] tribes ([[Insular Celts]]).
**[[Regni]] / Regnenses&nbsp;– Belgic tribe, in today's East [[Hampshire]], [[Sussex]] and [[Surrey]]
*Possible Belgae tribe
**[[Suessetani]] - Far North Western [[Aragon]] and Far South Eastern [[Navarra]] (Spain), between the rivers Gallicus ([[Gállego (river)|Gállego]]) and Low [[Aragón (river)|Aragon]], and between the river [[Ebro]] and [[Sierra de Santo Domingo]] mountains. Alba (Arba) river basin (a tributary of the [[Ebro]]) was in the centre of their territory that also included the [[Bardenas Reales]]. Corbio was their capital. They were north of the [[Celtiberians]], south of the [[Iacetani]] and the [[Vascones]], west of the Galli (tribe). They were later conquered by the [[Vascones]] in the 2nd Century B.C. which were allies of the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]]. Could have been related to the [[Suessiones]] (a tribe of the [[Belgae]]).<ref name="Mountain, Harry 1997 p.225"/>

===[[Ligurians]]===
[[File:Gallia Cisalpina-fr.svg|thumb|400px|right|Map 21: Peoples of northern Italy during the 4th to 3rd centuries BC. Ligurians are shown in the west coastal region (north coast of the [[Ligurian Sea]], part of the [[Mediterranean Sea]]) to the south of the Celts (shown in blue) and to the northwest of the Etruscans, in the left side of the map. (map names are in French)]]
Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling the Southeastern [[France|French]] and Northwestern [[Italy|Italian]] coasts, including far Northern and Northwestern [[Tuscany]] and [[Corsica]]. Because of the strong [[Celts|Celtic]] influences on their language and culture, they were known already in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek {{lang|grc|Κελτολίγυες}}, ''Keltolígues'').<ref name="baldi">{{cite book |first=Philip |last=Baldi |author-link=Philip Baldi |title=The Foundations of Latin |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2002 |page=112|isbn = 978-3-11-080711-0}}</ref> Very little is known about this language, [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para-Celtic;<ref name=kruta1>{{cite book|editor-last=Kruta|editor-first=Venceslas|title=The Celts|year=1991|publisher=Thames and Hudson|page=54|isbn = 978-0500015247}}</ref><ref name=kruta2>{{cite book|editor-last=Kruta|editor-first=Venceslas|title=The Celts|year=1991|publisher=Thames and Hudson|page=55|isbn = 978-0500015247}}</ref> (i.e. an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). They spoke ancient [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]].
*Alpini / Montani
*[[Apuani]]&nbsp;– Eastern [[Liguria]] from the Northern [[Apennines]] Mountains to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast.
*[[Bagienni]] (or Vagienni)&nbsp;– (in the area of [[Bene Vagienna]])
*[[Bimbelli]]
*[[Briniates]] (or Boactes)&nbsp;– (in the area of [[Brugnato]])
*[[Celelates]]
*[[Cerdiciates]]
*[[Commoni]]
*[[Cosmonates]]
*[[Deciates]]&nbsp;– (a tribe that dwelt in the region of [[Antibes|Antipolis]] ([[Antibes]]) west of the river [[Var (river)|Varus]] (Var), in modern [[Provence]])
*[[Epanterii]]
*[[Euburiates]]
*[[Friniates]]&nbsp;– (in the area now called [[Pavullo nel Frignano|Frignano]])
*[[Garuli]]&nbsp;– (in the area of Cenisola)
*[[Genuates]]&nbsp;– (in the area of [[Genoa|Genua]] - [[Genoa]])
*[[Hercates]]&nbsp;
*[[Ilvates]] (or Iluates)&nbsp;– (if different from the [[Iriates]]) (on the island of [[Elba]])
*[[Iriates]] / Ilvates / Mainland Ilvates (Iluates?)
*[[Ingauni]]&nbsp;– Western [[Liguria]] from the Northern [[Apennines]] Mountains and [[Ligurian Alps]] to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast.
*[[Intemelii]]&nbsp;- Western [[Liguria]] from the [[Ligurian Alps]] to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast, west of the [[Ingauni]], in the [[Ventimiglia|Albium Intemelium]] area (today's [[Ventimiglia]]).
*[[Laevi]]&nbsp;– a Ligurian tribe that dwelt in the low river [[Ticino (river)|Ticinus]] (Ticino), according to both Livy & Pliny.<ref>(Liv. v. 35; Plin. iii. 17. s. 21.)</ref> According to Livy (v. 34), they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC
*[[Langates]]
*[[Lapicini]] (or Lapicinii)&nbsp;– In the extreme northern regions of [[Liguria]], as it was defined in Roman times, on a tributary of the [[Magra]]
*[[Libici]] / [[Libui]]&nbsp;– Between the rivers [[Duria Bautica]]/[[Dora Baltea|Duria Maior]] (Dora Baltea) and [[Sesia|Sesites/Sessites]] (Sesia).
*[[Magelli]]
*[[Marici (Ligures)|Marici]]&nbsp;– (near the confluence of the rivers [[Orba (torrente)|Orba]], [[Bormida (river)|Bormida]] and [[Tanaro]])
*[[Olivari]]
*[[Oxybii]] - a Ligurian tribe that dwelt on the [[Mediterranean coast]] between [[Marseille|Massalia]] ([[Marseille]]) and Antipolis.
*Sabates
*[[Segusini]] (or [[Cottii]])&nbsp;– Western [[Piedmont]] on [[Cottian Alps]] ([[Susa (Italy)|Susa]])
*[[Statielli]] / Statiellates&nbsp;– on the road from [[Vada Sabatia]], near Savona to [[Tortona|Dertona]] (Tortona) and [[Piacenza|Placentia]]
*[[Sueltri]] / [[Suelteri]]
*[[Tigulli]]&nbsp;– from the Northern [[Apennines]] Mountains to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast, west of the [[Apuani]].
*[[Tricastini]]&nbsp;
*[[Vediantii]]
*[[Veiturii]]
*[[Veleiates]] / [[Veliates]]
*[[Veneni]]
*Possible Ligurian tribes
**'''[[Corsi people|Corsi]]'''
***[[Belatones]] (Belatoni)
***[[Cervini]]
***[[Cilebenses]] (Cilibensi)
***[[Corsi people|Corsi Proper]]
***[[Cumanenses]] (Cumanesi)
***[[Lestricones]] / [[Lestrigones]] (Lestriconi / Lestrigoni)
***[[Licinini]]
***[[Longonenses]] (Longonensi)
***[[Macrini]]
***[[Opini]]
***[[Subasani]]
***[[Sumbri]]
***[[Tarabeni]]
***[[Tibulati]]
***[[Titiani]]
***[[Venacini]]

===[[Lusitanians]]-[[Vettones]]===
[[File:Celts in Iberia.PNG|thumb|700px|Map 22:[[Celts]] in the [[Iberian Peninsula]], area dwelt by the [[Lusitanians|Lusitani]] and [[Vettones]] is shown in lighter green colour.]]
*[[Lusitanians]] ([[Lusitanians|Lusitani]]/[[Lusitanians|Bellitani]])&nbsp;– [[Portugal]] south of the [[Douro]] and north of the [[Tagus]], and northwestern [[Extremadura]] ([[Spain]]). They spoke [[Lusitanian language|Lusitanian]], a now extinct language which was clearly [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] but the kinship of it as a [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an [[Italic languages|Italic]] origin<ref name="ReferenceB"/> or some kinship to the [[Nordwestblock]] culture language ([[Ancient Belgian language|Ancient Belgian]]).<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Hence [[Lusitanian language]] may have been a Para-Celtic [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] branch, like [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] speaking culture of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] closely related to the neighbouring [[Vettones]] tribal confederation.<ref name="Alarcão, 2001, p. 312"/> However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic [[Proto-Celtic]] language and were [[Proto-Celtic]] in ethnicity.
**[[Arabrigenses]]
**[[Aravi]]
**[[Coelarni]]/[[Colarni]]
**[[Interamnienses]]
**[[Lancienses]]
***[[Lancienses Oppidani]]
***[[Lancienses Transcudani]]
***[[Ocelenses Lancienses]]
**[[Meidubrigenses]]
**[[Paesuri]]&nbsp;– [[Douro]] and [[Sever do Vouga|Vouga]] (Portugal).
**[[Palanti (Lusitanian tribes)|Palanti]]
**[[Talures]]
**[[Tangi (group of tribes)|Tangi]]
***[[Elbocori]]
***[[Igaeditani]]
***[[Tapoli|Tapori]]/[[Tapoli]]&nbsp;– river [[Tagus]], around the border area of Portugal and Spain.
**[[Veaminicori]]
**Other Lusitanian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were [[Lusitanians]] and not [[Vettones]])<ref name="Alarcão, 2001, p. 312"/>
***[[Calontienses]]
***[[Caluri]]
***[[Coerenses]]
*[[Vettones]]&nbsp;– [[Ávila, Spain|Ávila]] and [[Salamanca]] (Spain), may have been a Pre-Celtic [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] people, closely related to the [[Lusitani]]. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (i.e. an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A tribal confederation.
**[[Bletonesii]]&nbsp;– [[Ledesma, Salamanca|Bletisama]] (today's [[Ledesma, Salamanca|Ledesma]]) was their main centre, [[Salamanca Province]], Spain.
**Other Vettonian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were [[Lusitanians]] and not [[Vettones]])<ref name="Alarcão, 2001, p. 312"/>
***[[Calontienses]] 
***[[Caluri]]
***[[Coerenses]]

===[[Turdetani]]ans===
[[File:Hispania Baetica.jpg|thumb|400px|Map 23: [[Hispania Baetica]] Roman province, [[Turdetani]] were the inhabitants in large parts of this province before Roman conquest along the [[Guadalquivir|Baetis]] or [[Guadalquivir|Rherkes]] river plain.]]
Today's Western [[Andalusia]] ([[Hispania Baetica]]), Baetis ([[Guadalquivir]]) river valley and basin, [[Sierra Morena|Marianus Mons]] (Sierra Morena), some consider them Celtic,<ref>Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 198–200. {{ISBN|1-85109-440-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-85109-440-0}}. ^ Jump up to: a b Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 224–225. {{ISBN|1-85109-440-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-85109-440-0}}.</ref> may have been Pre-Celtic [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] people as the [[Lusitani]] and [[Vettones]]. If their language, called [[Tartessian language|Turdetanian]] or [[Tartessian language|Tartessian]], was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like [[Ligurian language (ancient)|Ligurian]] (i.e. an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Also may have been a non-Indo-European people related to the [[Iberians]], but not the same people. A tribal confederation but with much more centralized power, may have formed an early form of [[Monarchy|Kingdom]] or a Proto-civilisation (see [[Tartessos]])
*[[Cilbiceni]]&nbsp;– approximately in today's [[Cádiz Province]]
*[[Elbisini]] / [[Eloesti]] / [[Olbisini]]&nbsp;– in today's [[Huelva Province]]
*[[Etmanei]]&nbsp;– in the middle area of ''Baetis'' ([[Guadalquivir]]) river course and surrounding region, approximately in today's [[Córdoba Province, Spain|Córdoba Province]]
*[[Gletes]] / [[Galetes]] / [[Ileates]]&nbsp;– in [[Sierra Morena|Marianus Mons]] ([[Sierra Morena]]), approximately in today's northern areas of the provinces of [[Huelva Province|Huelva]], [[Seville Province|Seville]] and [[Córdoba Province, Spain|Córdoba]]
*[[Turdetani]] / [[Tartessii]] Proper&nbsp;– in the low course of the river ''[[Guadalquivir|Baetis]]'' (which they called ''[[Guadalquivir|Rherkēs]]'' or ''[[Guadalquivir|Kertis]]'')<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=baetis-geo |author=Smith, William |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |publisher=Perseus Digital Library |chapter=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), BAETIS |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> ([[Guadalquivir]]) and surrounding region, approximately in today's [[Seville Province]]

===[[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] ([[Adriatic Veneti]]) ===
Transitional people between [[Celts]] and [[Italic peoples|Italics]]? [[Celticisation|Celticized]] [[Italic peoples|Italic]] people? Para-Celtic people?
*[[Catali]]
*[[Catari]]
*[[Histri]]
*[[Liburnians]] 
**[[Caulici]]
**[[Enchealae]]
**[[Hymanes]]
**[[Hythmitae]]
**[[Ismeni]]
**[[Lopsi]]
**[[Mentores]]
**[[Peucetiae]]
**[[Syopii]]
*[[Secusses]]
*[[Subocrini]]
*[[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti Proper]]
*[[Venetulani]]

==Possible Celts mixed with other peoples==
===[[Celts|Celto]]-[[Dacians|Dacian]]-[[Germanic peoples|Germanic]]===
*[[Osi (ancient tribe)|Osi/Osii]]&nbsp;– areas of modern Slovakia<ref>The Osi's categorization as Celtic is disputed; see [[Osi (ancient tribe)|Osi]]; also may have been a [[Dacian tribes|Dacian]] or [[Germanic Tribes|Germanic]] tribe.</ref>

===[[Celts|Celto]]-[[Germanic peoples|Germanic]]===
*[[Germani Cisrhenani]] / [[Tungri]] (etymologies of the tribes names were [[Celtic languages|Celtic]]; [[Belgae|Belgic]] people? Chiefs [[anthroponyms]] were also [[Celtic languages|Celtic]]) [[Celts]] influenced by [[Germanic peoples|Germanics]] or the opposite? The name ''Germani'' for ancient authors such as [[Julius Caesar]] did not always had an accurate ethnic or linguistic meaning, they were not necessarily [[Germanic languages|Germanic-speaking]]. (a collective name for 7 tribes)
**[[Aduatuci]] / [[Atuatuci]]
**[[Ambivaretes]] / [[Ambivareti]]
**[[Caemani]] / [[Paemani]]
**[[Caeraesi]] / [[Caeroesi]] / [[Caerosi]]
**[[Condrusi]]
**[[Eburones]] (later [[Toxandri]] / [[Texuandri]]?)
**[[Segni]]
*[[Lugii]]&nbsp;– north and northeast of the Boii and Volcae, areas of modern far southwestern and far southern Poland; also may have been a Germanic tribe.
*[[Tencteri]]? (name etymology is Celtic)
*[[Usipetes]]?

===[[Celts|Celtic]]-[[Germanic peoples|Germanic]]-[[Iranian peoples|Iranian]]===
*[[Bastarnae]],<ref>Adrian Goldsworthy, ''How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower'', {{ISBN|0-300-13719-2}}, 2009, p. 105: "... who had moved to the Hungarian Plain. Another tribe, the Bastarnae, may or may not have been Germanic. ..."</ref><ref>Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, ''The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms)'', {{ISBN|1-84176-329-2}}, 2001, p. 12: "... never got near the main body of Roman infantry. The Bastarnae (either Celts or Germans), and `the bravest nation on earth'&nbsp;– Livy ..."</ref> a [[Celt|Celto-]][[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] people, and according to [[Livy]] "the bravest nation on earth". Possibly originating in Galicia (Eastern Europe) from the interaction between [[Celts]], [[Germanic peoples|Germanics]] and [[Sarmatians|Sarmatian]] [[Iranian peoples]].
**[[Peucini]]

===[[Celts|Celto]]-[[Illyrians]]?===
*[[Iapydes]] / [[Iapodes]] / [[Japodes]]<ref>Charles Anthon, ''A Classical Dictionary: Containing The Principal Proper Names Mentioned In Ancient Authors'', Part One, 2005, p. 539: "... Tor, " elevated," " a mountain. (Strabo, 293)"; "the Iapodes (Strabo, 313), a Gallo-Illyrian race occupying the valleys of ..."</ref><ref>J. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, p. 79: "along with the evidence of name formulae, a Venetic element among the Japodes. A group of names identified by Alföldy as of Celtic origin: Ammida, Andes, Iaritus, Matera, Maxa,"</ref>
**[[Posenoi]],<ref>J. J. Wilkes, ''Dalmatia'', Tome 2 of ''History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire'', 1969, pp. 154 and 482.</ref> a community of the [[Iapodes]]

===[[Iberians|Ibero]]-[[Celts|Celto]]-[[Ligurians]]===
*[[Elisyces]] / [[Elisyces|Helisyces]] - a tribe that dwelt in the region of [[Narbo]] ([[Narbonne]]) and modern northern [[Roussillon]]. May have been either [[Iberians|Iberian]] or [[Ligurians|Ligurian]] or a [[Celts|Celto]]-[[Ligures|Ligurian]]-[[Iberians|Iberian]] tribe.

==Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized==
===[[Rhaetians]]===
[[File:Römische Provinzen im Alpenraum ca 14 n Chr.png|thumb|right|450px|Map 22: Roman district (probably not yet a full province by then) of '''''Raetia et Vindelicia''''', as it stood in AD 14, with some Rhaeti tribal names ([[Breuni]], [[Camunni]], [[Isarci]], [[Vennones]] or [[Vennonetes]], [[Venostes]]).]]
They lived in the Central [[Alps]], eastern parts of present-day Switzerland, the [[Tyrol (state)|Tyrol]] in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northern Italy. They spoke the [[Rhaetian language]]. There is evidence that much of the non-Celtic (and [[Pre-Indo-European Europe|Pre-Indo-European]]) elements (see [[Tyrsenian languages]]) of their territory had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated to varying degrees by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech.<ref>Géza Alföldy, ''Noricum'', Tome 3 of ''History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire'', 1974, p. 24-5.</ref> In addition, the abundance of Celtic toponyms leads to the conclusion that, by the time of Roman conquest, the Rhaetians were significantly Celticized.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cowles Prichard|first1=James|title=Researches Into the Physical History of Mankind: 3, Volume 1|date=1841|publisher=Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper|page=240}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2020}}
*[[Benlauni]] - Upper valley of fl. [[Inn|Aenus]] (r. [[Inn]]) in today's [[North Tirol]], Austria, along with the [[Breuni]] (may have been older dwellers than the [[Breuni]]), not the same as the [[Breuni]], [[Innsbruck|Pons Aeni]] (modern [[Wasserburg am Inn|Wasserburg]]) was their main centre.
*[[Breuni]] / [[Brenni]]/[[Breones]] - Upper valley of fl. [[Inn|Aenus]] (r. [[Inn]]) in today's [[North Tirol]], Austria, and [[Val Bregna]] and around [[Brenner Mountain]]; also may have been an [[Illyrian tribes|Illyrian]] tribe and not a [[Rhaetian people|Rhaetian]] one.
*[[Brixenetes]] / [[Brixentes]] / [[Brixantae]] - Upper valley of fl. [[Adige|Athesis]] (r. Adige) in today's [[South Tirol]], Italy, around [[Bressanone]]/[[Brixen]].
*[[Calucones]] / [[Culicones]] - [[Calanda (mountain)|Calanda]] (upper valley of fl. [[Rhine|Rhenus]] - r. Rhine) in today's [[Grisons]] canton, Switzerland and [[Valtellina]], [[Colico]].
*[[Camunni]] / [[Camuni]] - [[Val Camonica]] (river [[Oglio]]) in today's [[Brescia Province]] ([[Lombardia]], Italy); also may have been a tribe of the [[Euganei]] and not a [[Rhaetian people|Rhaetian]] tribe. *[[Camunni]]&nbsp;– in the [[Valcamonica]] and [[Valtellina]] valleys of the [[Central Alps]]. A celticized [[Rhaetian people|Rhaetic]] tribe. Some consider them to be Celtic.<ref name="MARKEY">{{cite book|last1=Markey|first1=Thomas|title=Shared Symbolics, Genre Diffusion, Token Perception and Late Literacy in North-Western Europe|date=2008|publisher=NOWELE}}</ref>
*[[Consuanetae]] / [[Cosuanetes]]/[[Cotuantii]]? - Upper and middle valley of fl. [[Isar]]us (r. Isar) ([[Bavarian Alps]]) in today's [[Upper Bavaria]], Germany; also may have been a tribe of the [[Vindelici]] (a tribal confederacy), named [[Cotuantii]] (if they are the same).
*[[Focunates]] - Upper valley of fl. [[Inn (river)|Aenus]] (r. Inn) in today's [[North Tirol]], Austria, neighbours to [[Genaunes]] and [[Breuni]].
*[[Genaunes]] / [[Genauni]] - Upper valleys of the fl. [[Inn (river)|Aenus]] (r. Inn) and the [[Adige|Athesis]] (Adige) in today's [[Tyrol (state)|Tirol]] ([[North Tirol]] and [[South Tirol]]); also may have been an [[Illyrian tribes|Illyrian]] tribe and not a [[Rhaetian people|Rhaetian]] one; east of the [[Lepontii]].
*[[Isarci]] - Valley of fl. [[Eisack|Isarcus]] (r. Isarco) in today's [[South Tirol]], Italy.
*[[Medoaci]] - close to the [[Brenta (river)|Meduacum]] (Brenta) source, [[Borgo Valsugana|Ausugum]] ([[Borgo Valsugana]]) was their main town.
*[[Mesiales]] - south of the [[Lepontii]].
*[[Naunes]] - in [[Val di Non]], [[Trento Province]].
*[[Querquani]] - in [[Quero, Veneto|Quero]] area (today's [[Belluno Province]], [[Veneto region|Veneto Region]]).
*[[Rucinates]] / [[Rucantii]]? - Between rivers [[Isar]]us ([[Isar]]) and [[Danube|Danuvius]] (Danube), [[Low Bavaria]]; also may have been a tribe of the [[Vindelici]] (a tribal confederation).
*[[Rugusci]] / [[Ruigusci]]/[[Rucantii]]? Upper [[Engadin]] (fl. [[Inn (river)|Aenus]] - r. Inn) in today's [[Grisons]] canton, Switzerland.
*[[Suanetes]] / [[Suanitae]] / [[Sarunetes]] - Upper [[Rhine|Rhenus]] ([[Upper Rhine]]) and Valley of r. [[Albula (river)|Albula]] in today's [[Grisons]] canton, Switzerland.
*[[Tridentini]] - in the middle [[Adige|Athesis]] (Adige) river basin.
*[[Trumpilini]] / [[Trumplini]] - [[Val Trompia]] in today's [[Brescia Province]], Italy; also may have been a tribe of the [[Euganei]] and not a Rhaetian tribe.
*[[Vennonetes]] / [[Vennones]] / [[Vennonienses]] - Upper valley of fl. [[Rhine|Rhenus]] (r. Rhine) in today's [[canton of St. Gallen]], Switzerland; also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a tribe of the [[Vindelici]] (a tribal confederation).
*[[Venostes]] - [[Vinschgau]] (It. [[Val Venosta]]) (fl. [[Adige|Athesis]] - r. Adige) in today's [[South Tirol]], Italy.

==See also==
*[[:fr:Liste des peuples celtes#Tableau récapitulatif sur les peuples celtes|The summary table on Celtic tribes]] {{in lang|fr}}
*[[Celtic peoples]]
*[[Irish clans]]
*[[Scottish clan]]
*[[Celticization]]
*[[Late Basquisation]]
*[[Illyrians]]
*[[Thracians]]
*[[Roman Britain|Britannia]]
*[[Caledonia]]
*[[Hibernia]]
*[[Scotia]]
*[[Hispania]]
* [[List of Germanic peoples]]
*[[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]]
**[[Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Alberro, Manuel and Arnold, Bettina (eds.), ''[http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/ e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies], [http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/index.html Volume 6: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula]'', University of Wisconsin&nbsp;– Milwaukee, Center for Celtic Studies, 2005.
* Haywood, John. (2001). ''Atlas of the Celtic World''. London: Thames & Hudson. {{ISBN|0500051097}} {{ISBN|978-0500051092}}
* Kruta, Venceslas. (2000). ''Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire''. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ». {{ISBN|2-7028-6261-6}}.
* Mallory, J.P. and Douglas Q. Adams (1997). [[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture]]. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. {{ISBN|978-1-884964-98-5}}.

==Further reading==
* Sims-Williams, Patrick. "The location of the Celts according to Hecataeus, Herodotus, and other Greek writers". In: ''Études Celtiques'', vol. 42, 2016. pp.&nbsp;7–32. [DOI:https://doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.2016.2467]; [www.persee.fr/doc/ecelt_0373-1928_2016_num_42_1_2467]

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/ - electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
* http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html&nbsp;– 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity (Greek and Roman).
* http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html&nbsp;– Julius Caesar text of [[De Bello Gallico]] (Gallic War).
* http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Spanish_War/home.html&nbsp;– Unknown author text (about Julius Caesar in Hispania) of [[De Bello Hispaniensi]] (Spanish War).
* http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html&nbsp;– Pliny the Elder text of [[Naturalis Historia]] (Natural History)&nbsp;– books 3–6 (Geography and Ethnography).
* http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html&nbsp;– Strabo's text of [[De Geographica]] (The Geography).

{{Celts}}
{{Pre-Roman peoples in Iberia}}
{{Ptolemy's Ireland|collapsed}}
{{Peoples of Gaul}}

{{Ireland topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Celtic Tribes}}
[[Category:Historical Celtic peoples| ]]
[[Category:Lists of ancient people|Celtic]]
[[Category:Lists of ethnic groups|Celtic]]