View source for List of Earth-crossing asteroids

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
[[File:Orbites definition.png|thumb|280px|right|Diagram showing different asteroid paths. The yellow band marks the [[Earth's orbit]]; the red line marks the asteroid's path.<br>Outer-grazer(†): ''middle, bottom''<br>'''Crosser''': ''right, bottom'']]
[[File:Trajectory of 2004 FH in the Earth–Moon system.svg|thumbnail|280px|right|Close approach trajectory of [[2004 FH]] in the Earth–Moon system]]
[[File:Asteroid 2004 FH.gif|right|thumbnail|Flyby of the [[near-Earth asteroid]] [[2004 FH]] in March 2004. The other object that flashes by is an artificial [[satellite]]. Images were by [[Stefano Sposetti]] and composite by [[Raoul Behrend]] of [[Geneva Observatory]]]]

An '''Earth-crosser''' is a [[Near-Earth object#Near-Earth asteroids|near-Earth asteroid]] whose [[orbit]] crosses that of [[Earth]] as observed from the [[ecliptic pole]] of Earth's orbit.<ref>''Report of the Task Force on potentially hazardous Near Earth Objects'', p49, Department of Trade and Industry (UK), September 2000, Pub 4990/5k/9/00/NP.URN00/1041, [http://www.spacecentre.co.uk/neo/report.html retrieved online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307053701/http://www.spacecentre.co.uk/neo/report.html |date=7 March 2009 }}, 16 May 2009.</ref> The known numbered Earth-crossers are listed here. Those Earth-crossers whose [[semimajor axis|semi-major axes]] are smaller than Earth's are [[Aten asteroid]]s; the remaining ones are [[Apollo asteroid]]s. ''(See also the [[Amor asteroid]]s.)''

An asteroid with an Earth-crossing orbit is not necessarily in danger of colliding with Earth. The orbit of an Earth-crossing asteroid may not even intersect with that of Earth. This apparent contradiction arises because many asteroids have highly inclined orbits, so although they may have a [[perihelion]] less than that of Earth, their paths can never cross. An asteroid for which there is some possibility of a collision with Earth at a future date and which is above a certain size is classified as a [[potentially hazardous asteroid]] (PHA). Specifically, an asteroid is a PHA if its Earth [[minimum orbital intersection distance]] (MOID) is <0.05 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]] and its [[absolute magnitude]] is 22 or brighter.<ref>"Near Earth Object Program", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, [https://web.archive.org/web/20020202160655/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/groups.html retrieved online] 3 May 2009.</ref> The concept of PHA is intended to replace the now abandoned strict definition of ECA (Earth-crossing asteroid) which existed for a few years. Determining if an asteroid was an ECA required calculation of its orbits millennia into the future, including planetary gravitational [[Perturbation (astronomy)|perturbations]], to assess whether a collision with Earth was possible and this has proved to be impractical.<ref>Brian G. Marsden, "Press Information Sheet:Potentially Hazardous Asteroids", Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, [http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/pressinfo/100PHAs.html retrieved online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423092029/http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/pressinfo/100PHAs.html |date=23 April 2012 }} 3 May 2009.</ref>

Having a small MOID is not a guarantee of a collision. On the other hand, small gravitational perturbations of the asteroid around its orbit from planets that it passes can significantly alter its path. For instance, [[99942 Apophis]] will approach Earth so closely in 2029 that it will get under the orbit of the Earth's geostationary satellites.<ref>Dr. Tony Phillips, "Friday the 13th, 2029", ''Science@NASA'', [https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/13may_2004mn4.htm retrieved online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324065921/https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/13may_2004mn4.htm |date=24 March 2010 }} May 3, 2009.</ref>

Of the Earth-crossing asteroids, [[3753 Cruithne]] is notable for having an orbit that has the same period as Earth's.

== List ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|
*1 [[1566 Icarus]]
*2 [[1620 Geographos]]
*3 [[1685 Toro]]
*4 [[1862 Apollo]]
*5 [[1863 Antinous]]
*6 [[1864 Daedalus]]
*7 [[1865 Cerberus]]
*8 [[1866 Sisyphus]]
*9 [[1981 Midas]]
*10 [[2016 NL56]]
*11 [[2062 Aten]]
*12 [[2063 Bacchus]]
*13 [[2100 Ra-Shalom]]
*14 [[2101 Adonis]]
*15 [[2102 Tantalus]]
*16 [[2135 Aristaeus]]
*17 [[2201 Oljato]]
*18 [[2212 Hephaistos]]
*19 [[2329 Orthos]]
*20 [[2340 Hathor]]
*21 [[3103 Eger]]
*22 [[3200 Phaethon]]
*23 [[3360 Syrinx]]
*24 [[3361 Orpheus]]
*25 [[3362 Khufu]]
*26 [[3554 Amun]]
*27 [[3671 Dionysus]] †
*28 [[3752 Camillo]] †
*29 [[3753 Cruithne]]
*30 [[3838 Epona]]
*31 [[4015 Wilson–Harrington]] †
*32 [[4034 Vishnu]]
*33 [[4179 Toutatis]]
*34 [[4183 Cuno]]
*35 [[4197 Morpheus]]
*36 [[4257 Ubasti]]
*37 [[4341 Poseidon]]
*38 [[4450 Pan]]
*39 [[4486 Mithra]]
*40 [[4544 Xanthus]]
*41 [[4581 Asclepius]]
*42 [[4660 Nereus]]
*43 [[4769 Castalia]]
*44 {{mpl|(4953) 1990 MU|}}
*45 [[5011 Ptah]]
*46 {{mpl|(5131) 1990 BG|}}
*47 [[5143 Heracles]]
*48 {{mpl|(5189) 1990 UQ|}}
*49 [[5381 Sekhmet]]
*50 {{mpl|(5496) 1973 NA|}}
*51 {{mpl|(5590) 1990 VA|}}
*52 {{mpl|(5604) 1992 FE|}}
*53 {{mpl|(5645) 1990 SP|}}
*54 {{mpl|(5660) 1974 MA|}}
*55 {{mpl|(5693) 1993 EA|}}
*56 [[5731 Zeus]]
*57 [[5786 Talos]]
*58 {{mpl|(5828) 1991 AM|}}
*59 {{mpl|(6037) 1988 EG|}}
*60 {{mpl|(6047) 1991 TB1}}
*61 {{mpl|(6053) 1993 BW3}} †
*62 [[6063 Jason]]
*63 [[6239 Minos]]
*64 {{mpl|(6455) 1992 HE|}}
*65 [[6489 Golevka]] †
*66 {{mpl|(6611) 1993 VW|}}
*67 {{mpl|(7025) 1993 QA|}} †
*68 [[7092 Cadmus]]
*69 {{mpl|(7335) 1989 JA|}}
*70 {{mpl|(7341) 1991 VK|}}
*71 {{mpl|(7350) 1993 VA|}}
*72 {{mpl|(7482) 1994 PC|1}}
*73 {{mpl|(7753) 1988 XB|}}
*74 {{mpl|(7822) 1991 CS|}}
*75 {{mpl|(7888) 1993 UC|}}
*76 {{mpl|(7889) 1994 LX|}}
*77 {{mpl|(8014) 1990 MF|}}
*78 {{mpl|(8035) 1992 TB|}}
*79 {{mpl|(8176) 1991 WA|}}
*80 {{mpl|(8201) 1994 AH|2}}
*81 {{mpl|(8507) 1991 CB|1}}
*82 {{mpl|(8566) 1996 EN|}}
*83 {{mpl|(9058) 1992 JB|}} †
*84 [[9162 Kwiila]]
*85 {{mpl|(9202) 1993 PB|}}
*86 {{mpl|(9856) 1991 EE|}}
*87 {{mpl|(10115) 1992 SK|}}
*88 {{mpl|(10145) 1994 CK|1}}
*89 {{mpl|(10165) 1995 BL|2}}
*90 [[10563 Izhdubar]]
*91 {{mpl|(10636) 1998 QK|56}}
*92 [[11066 Sigurd]]
*93 [[11311 Peleus]] †
*94 {{mpl|(11405) 1999 CV|3}}
*95 [[11500 Tomaiyowit]]
*96 [[11885 Summanus]]
*97 {{mpl|(12538) 1998 OH|}}
*98 [[12711 Tukmit]]
*99 [[12923 Zephyr]] †
*100 {{mpl|(13651) 1997 BR|}}
*1 [[14827 Hypnos]]
*2 {{mpl|(16816) 1997 UF|9}}
*3 {{mpl|(16834) 1997 WU|22}}
*4 {{mpl|(16960) 1998 QS|52}}
*5 {{mpl|(17181) 1999 UM|3}}
*6 {{mpl|(17182) 1999 VU|}}
*7 {{mpl|(17188) 1999 WC|2}}
*8 {{mpl|(17511) 1992 QN|}}
*9 {{mpl|(20236) 1998 BZ|7}}
*10 {{mpl|(20425) 1998 VD|35}}
*11 {{mpl|(20429) 1998 YN|1}}
*12 {{mpl|(20826) 2000 UV|13}}
*13 {{mpl|(22099) 2000 EX|106}}
*14 {{mpl|(22753) 1998 WT|}}
*15 {{mpl|(22771) 1999 CU|3}}
*16 {{mpl|(23187) 2000 PN|9}}
*17 {{mpl|(24443) 2000 OG|}}
*18 {{mpl|(24445) 2000 PM|8}} †
*19 [[24761 Ahau]]
*20 [[25143 Itokawa]]
*21 {{mpl|(25330) 1999 KV|4}}
*22 {{mpl|(26379) 1999 HZ|1}}
*23 {{mpl|(26663) 2000 XK|47}}
*24 {{mpl|(27002) 1998 DV|9}} †
*25 {{mpl|(29075) 1950 DA|}}
*26 {{mpl|(30825) 1990 TG|1}}
*27 {{mpl|(30997) 1995 UO|5}}
*28 {{mpl|(31662) 1999 HP|11}}
*29 {{mpl|(31669) 1999 JT|6}}
*30 {{mpl|(33342) 1998 WT|24}}
*31 {{mpl|(35107) 1991 VH|}}
*32 {{mpl|(35396) 1997 XF|11}}
*33 {{mpl|(35670) 1998 SU|27}}
*34 {{mpl|(36236) 1999 VV|}}
*35 {{mpl|(36284) 2000 DM|8}}
*36 {{mpl|(37638) 1993 VB|}}
*37 [[37655 Illapa]]
*38 [[38086 Beowulf]]
*39 {{mpl|(38239) 1999 OR|3}}
*40 {{mpl|(40267) 1999 GJ|4}}
*41 {{mpl|(41429) 2000 GE|2}}
*42 {{mpl|(42286) 2001 TN|41}}
*43 {{mpl|(52340) 1992 SY|}} †
*44 {{mpl|(52750) 1998 KK|17}}
*45 {{mpl|(52760) 1998 ML|14}}
*46 {{mpl|(52762) 1998 MT|24}}
*47 {{mpl|(53319) 1999 JM|8}}
*48 {{mpl|(53409) 1999 LU|7}}
*49 {{mpl|(53426) 1999 SL|5}}
*50 {{mpl|(53429) 1999 TF|5}}
*51 {{mpl|(53550) 2000 BF|19}}
*52 {{mpl|(53789) 2000 ED|104}} †
*53 [[54509 YORP]]
*54 {{mpl|(55408) 2001 TC|2}}
*55 {{mpl|(55532) 2001 WG|2}}
*56 {{mpl|(65679) 1989 UQ|}}
*57 {{mpl|(65690) 1991 DG|}}
*58 {{mpl|(65717) 1993 BX|3}} †
*59 {{mpl|(65733) 1993 PC|}}
*60 [[65803 Didymos]] †
*61 {{mpl|(65909) 1998 FH|12}}
*62 {{mpl|(66008) 1998 QH|2}}
*63 {{mpl|(66063) 1998 RO|1}}
*64 {{mpl|(66146) 1998 TU|3}}
*65 {{mpl|(66253) 1999 GT|3}}
*66 [[66391 Moshup]]
*67 {{mpl|(66400) 1999 LT|7}}
*68 {{mpl|(67381) 2000 OL|8}}
*69 {{mpl|(67399) 2000 PJ|6}}
*70 {{mpl|(68216) 2001 CV|26}}
*71 {{mpl|(68267) 2001 EA|16}}
*72 {{mpl|(68346) 2001 KZ|66}}
*73 {{mpl|(68347) 2001 KB|67}}
*74 {{mpl|(68348) 2001 LO|7}}
*75 {{mpl|(68372) 2001 PM|9}}
*76 {{mpl|(68548) 2001 XR|31}}
*77 {{mpl|(68950) 2002 QF|15}}
*78 [[69230 Hermes]]
*79 {{mpl|(85182) 1991 AQ|}}
*80 {{mpl|(85236) 1993 KH|}}
*81 [[85585 Mjolnir]]
*82 {{mpl|(85640) 1998 OX|4}}
*83 {{mpl|(85713) 1998 SS|49}}
*84 {{mpl|(85770) 1998 UP|1}}
*85 {{mpl|(85774) 1998 UT|18}}
*86 {{mpl|(85818) 1998 XM|4}}
*87 {{mpl|(85938) 1999 DJ|4}}
*88 {{mpl|(85953) 1999 FK|21}}
*89 {{mpl|(85989) 1999 JD|6}}
*90 {{mpl|(85990) 1999 JV|6}}
*91 {{mpl|(86039) 1999 NC|43}}
*92 {{mpl|(86450) 2000 CK|33}}
*93 {{mpl|(86666) 2000 FL|10}}
*94 {{mpl|(86667) 2000 FO|10}}
*95 {{mpl|(86819) 2000 GK|137}} †
*96 {{mpl|(86829) 2000 GR|146}}
*97 {{mpl|(86878) 2000 HD|24}}
*98 {{mpl|(87024) 2000 JS|66}}
*99 {{mpl|(87025) 2000 JT|66}}
*100 {{mpl|(87309) 2000 QP|}}
*1 {{mpl|(87311) 2000 QJ|1}}
*2 {{mpl|(87684) 2000 SY|2}}
*3 {{mpl|(88213) 2001 AF|2}}
*4 {{mpl|(88254) 2001 FM|129}}
*5 {{mpl|(88710) 2001 SL|9}}
*6 {{mpl|(88959) 2001 TZ|44}}
*7 {{mpl|(89136) 2001 US|16}} †
*8 {{mpl|(89958) 2002 LY|45}}
*9 {{mpl|(89959) 2002 NT|7}}
*10 {{mpl|(90075) 2002 VU|94}}
*11 {{mpl|(90147) 2002 YK|14}} †
*12 {{mpl|(90367) 2003 LC|5}}
*13 {{mpl|(90403) 2003 YE|45}}
*14 {{mpl|(90416) 2003 YK|118}}
*15 [[99942 Apophis]]
*16 {{mpl|(136617) 1994 CC|}}
*17 {{mpl|(153591) 2001 SN|263}}
*18 [[367943 Duende]]
*19 {{mpl|(374158) 2004 UL|}}
*20 {{mpl|(386454) 2008 XM|}}
*21 {{mpl|(394130) 2006 HY|51}}
*22 {{mpl|(410777) 2009 FD|}}
*23 {{mpl|(518635) 2008 HO|3}}
*24 [[524522 Zoozve]]
*25 {{mpl|2005 HC|4}}
*26 {{mpl|2008 FF|5}}
*27 {{mpl|2012 XE|133}}
*28 {{mpl|2013 ND|15}}
*29 [[2020 QG]]<ref name=mpc20200817>[https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20Q51.html MPEC 2020-Q51 : 2020 QG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824070457/https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20Q51.html |date=24 August 2020 }}, Minor Planet Center, https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20Q51.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824070457/https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20Q51.html |date=24 August 2020 }}, 17 August 2020, accessed 17 August 2020.</ref><ref name=dunn20200817>[https://twitter.com/tony873004/status/1295390969613840386 Newly-discovered asteroid ZTF0DxQ passed less than 1/4 Earth diameter yesterday, making it the closest-known flyby that didn't hit our planet.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109093502/https://twitter.com/tony873004/status/1295390969613840386 |date=9 January 2021 }}, Tony Dunn, 17 August 2020.</ref>
}}

''Notes:'' † outer-grazer

== See also ==
* [[Earth-grazing fireball]]
* [[List of asteroid close approaches to Earth]]
* [[Asteroid impact avoidance]]
* [[List of Mercury-crossing minor planets]]
* [[List of Venus-crossing minor planets]]
* [[List of Mars-crossing minor planets]]
* [[List of Jupiter-crossing minor planets]]
* [[List of Saturn-crossing minor planets]]
* [[List of Uranus-crossing minor planets]]
* [[List of Neptune-crossing minor planets]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://andrew-lowe.ca/ALL-PHAS.HTM#Earth Very Close Approaches (<0.01 AU) of PHAs to Earth 1900–2200]
* [http://andrew-lowe.ca/NEO-SOON.TXT Upcoming Close Approaches (<0.10 AU) of Near-Earth Objects to Earth]
* [http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/sormano/teca.html  Table of next close approaches to the Earth] -Sormano Astronomical Observatory
* [http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/sormano/sael.html Small Asteroids Encounter List] -Sormano Astronomical Observatory
* [http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/sormano/mbpl.html Minor Body Priority List] -Sormano Astronomical Observatory
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/CloseApp.html IAU-MPC Close Approaches to the Earth within 0.2 AU] -Minor Planet Center

{{Asteroids}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Modern impact events}}
{{Planetary defense}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Earth-Crossing Minor Planets}}
[[Category:Earth-crossing asteroids|*]]
[[Category:Lists of minor planets|Earth-crossing]]
[[Category:Minor planet groups and families|Earth-crossing]]
[[Category:Planetary defense]]