View source for List of Christian denominations

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}{{Use Oxford spelling|date = January 2025}}
{{Christianity|expanded=groupings}}
A [[Christian denomination]] is a distinct [[religion|religious]] body within [[Christianity]], identified by traits such as a name, [[Ecclesiastical polity|organization]] and [[doctrine]]. Individual bodies, however, may use alternative terms to describe themselves, such as church, convention, communion, assembly, house, union, network, or sometimes fellowship. Divisions between one denomination and another are primarily defined by authority and doctrine. Issues regarding the [[Christology|nature of Jesus]], [[Trinity|Trinitarianism]], [[Salvation in Christianity|salvation]], the authority of [[apostolic succession]], [[Christian eschatology|eschatology]], [[conciliarity]], [[papal supremacy]] and [[papal primacy]] among others may separate one denomination from another. Groups of denominations, often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties—can be known as "branches of Christianity" or "denominational families" (e.g. [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern]] or [[Western Christianity]] and their sub-branches).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eastern Christianity and Western Christianity|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-worldreligions/chapter/eastern-christianity-and-western-christianity/|access-date=2020-05-03|author-first1=Philip A. |author-last1=Pecorino|website=World Religions|publisher=Lumen Learning}}</ref> These "denominational families" are often imprecisely also called denominations.

Christian denominations since the 20th century have often involved themselves in [[ecumenism]]. Ecumenism refers to efforts among Christian bodies to develop better understandings and closer relationships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecumenism |url=http://www.anglicancommunion.org/ecumenism.aspx |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Anglican Communion |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The WCC as a Fellowship of Churches |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/about-us/self-understanding-vision/cuv/the-wcc-as-a-fellowship-of-churches |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=World Council of Churches |language=en}}</ref> It also refers to efforts toward visible unity in the [[Christian Church]], though the terms of visible unity vary for each denomination of Christianity, as certain groups teach they are the [[one true church]], or that they were divinely instituted for the propagation of a certain doctrine.<ref name="McGoldrick">{{cite book|last=McGoldrick|first=James Edward|title=Baptist Successionism: A Crucial Question in Baptist History|date=1 January 1994|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810836815|pages=1–2|quote=Although the two most popular textbooks used in America to teach Baptist history cite Holland and England early in the seventeenth century as the birthplace of the Baptist churches, many Baptists object vehemently and argue that their history can be traced across the centuries to New Testament times. Some Baptists deny categorically that they are Protestants and that the history of their churches is related to the success of the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. Those who reject the Protestant character and Reformation origins of the Baptists usually maintain a view of church history sometimes called "Baptist successionism" and claim that Baptists have represented the true church, which must be, and has been, present in every period of history. The popularity of the successionist view has been enhanced enormously by a booklet entitled ''The Trail of Blood'', of which thousands of copies have been distributed since it was published in 1931.}}</ref><ref name="DaviesGeorge2017"/> The largest ecumenical organization in Christianity is the [[World Council of Churches]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the World Council of Churches|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Council-of-Churches|access-date=2020-04-15|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

The following is not a complete list, but aims to provide a comprehensible overview of the diversity among denominations of Christianity, [[Ecumenism|ecumenical]] organizations, and Christian ideologies not necessarily represented by specific denominations. Only those Christian denominations, ideologies and organizations with [[Wikipedia]] articles will be listed in order to ensure that all entries on this list are notable and verifiable. The denominations and ecumenical organizations listed are generally ordered from ancient to contemporary Christianity.
{{Christian denomination tree}}
==Terminology and qualification==
{{See also|List of Christian denominations by number of members}}
{{pie chart|thumb = right
|caption = World Christianity by tradition in 2024 as per World Christian Database<ref name="WorldChristianDatabase">{{cite web |url=https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/01/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf |title=Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050 |publisher=Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary |quote=Christian total  2,631,941,000, Catholic total  1,278,009,000 (48.6%), Wider Protestant total including Independents 1,047,295,000 (39.8%), Orthodox total including Eastern and Oriental 293,158,000 (11.1%) |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Catholic Church by country|Catholic]]
|value1 = 48.6
|label2 = [[Protestantism by country|Protestant]]
|value2 = 39.8
|label3 = Orthodox
|value3 = 11.1
|label4 = Other
|value4 = 0.5}}
[[File:The Church of the Holy Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG|thumb|[[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]], a center for Christian unity in [[Jerusalem]]]]
Christianity can be taxonomically divided into six main groups: the [[Church of the East]], [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodoxy]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]], and [[Restorationism]].<ref name="Riswold2009">{{cite book |last1=Riswold |first1=Caryn D. |title=Feminism and Christianity: Questions and Answers in the Third Wave |date=1 October 2009 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62189-053-9 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="GaoSawatsky2023">{{cite web |last1=Gao |first1=Ronnie Chuang-Rang |last2=Sawatsky |first2=Kevin |title=Motivations in Faith-Based Organizations|url=https://hc.edu/center-for-christianity-in-business/2023/02/07/motivations-in-faith-based-organizations/ |publisher=[[Houston Christian University]] |access-date=22 November 2023 |language=English |date=7 February 2023 |quote=For example, Christianity comprises six major groups: Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Restorationism.}}</ref> Within these six main traditions are various Christian denominations (for example, the [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] is an Oriental Orthodox denomination). Protestantism includes many groups which do not share any ecclesiastical governance and have widely diverging beliefs and practices.<ref name="EB2008">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of World Religions |date=2008 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 |language=en |quote=Amid all this diversity, however, it is possible to define Protestantism formally as non-Roman Western Christianity and to divide most of Protestantism into four major confessions or confessional families – Lutheran, Anglican, Reformed, and Free Church.}}</ref> Major Protestant branches include [[Adventism]], [[Anabaptism]], [[Anglicanism]], [[Baptist]]s, [[Lutheranism]], [[Methodism]], [[Moravian Church|Moravianism]], [[Quakerism]], [[Pentecostalism]], [[Plymouth Brethren]], [[Reformed Christianity]], and [[Waldensians|Waldensianism]].<ref name="EB2008"/> Reformed Christianity itself includes the [[Continental Reformed]], [[Presbyterian]], [[Evangelical Anglican]], [[Congregationalist church|Congregationalist]] traditions.<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaediav01ency |url-access=registration |date=1987 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |isbn=978-0-85229-443-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaediav01ency/page/244 244] |language=en}}</ref> Anabaptist Christianity itself includes the [[Amish]], [[Apostolic Christian Church|Apostolic]], [[Bruderhof Communities|Bruderhof]], [[Hutterite]], [[Mennonite]], [[Reformed Baptist]], [[River Brethren]], and [[Schwarzenau Brethren]] traditions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brewer |first1=Brian C. |title=T&T Clark Handbook of Anabaptism |date=30 December 2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-567-68950-4 |page=564 |language=en}}</ref>

Within the [[Restorationism|Restorationist]] branch of Christianity, denominations include the [[Catholic Apostolic Church|Irvingians]], [[The New Church (Swedenborgian)|Swedenborgians]], [[Christadelphians]], [[Latter Day Saint movement|Latter Day Saints]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], [[La Luz del Mundo]], and [[Iglesia ni Cristo]].<ref name="LewisMittelstadt2016">{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul W. |last2=Mittelstadt |first2=Martin William |title=What's So Liberal about the Liberal Arts?: Integrated Approaches to Christian Formation |date=27 April 2016 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-4982-3145-9 |language=en |quote=The Second Great Awakening (1790-1840) spurred a renewed interest in primitive Christianity. What is known as the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century gave birth to an array of groups: Mormons (The Latter Day Saint Movement), the Churches of Christ, Adventists, and Jehovah's Witnesses. Though these groups demonstrate a breathtaking diversity on the continuum of Christianity they share an intense restorationist impulse. Picasso and Stravinsky reflect a primitivism that came to the fore around the turn of the twentieth century that more broadly has been characterized as a "retreat from the industrialized world."}}</ref><ref name="Bloesch2005">{{cite book |last1=Bloesch |first1=Donald G. |title=The Holy Spirit: Works Gifts |date=2 December 2005 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-0-8308-2755-8 |page=158 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Spinks2017">{{cite book |last1=Spinks |first1=Bryan D. |title=Reformation and Modern Rituals and Theologies of Baptism: From Luther to Contemporary Practices |date=2 March 2017 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-351-90583-1 |language=en |quote=However, Swedenborg claimed to receive visions and revelations of heavenly things and a 'New Church', and the new church which was founded upon his writings was a Restorationist Church. The three nineteenth-century churches are all examples of Restorationist Churches, which believed they were refounding the Apostolic Church, and preparing for the Second Coming of Christ.}}</ref> Among those listed, some bodies included do not consider themselves denominations, though for the purpose of academic study of religion, they are categorized as a denomination, that is, "an organized body of Christians."<ref name="BallantineRoberts2008">{{cite book |last1=Ballantine |first1=Jeanne H. |last2=Roberts |first2=Keith A. |title=Our Social World: Introduction to Sociology |date=17 November 2008 |publisher=Pine Forge Press |isbn=978-1-4129-6818-8 |page=400 |language=en}}</ref> For example, the Catholic Church considers itself the [[one true church]] and the [[Holy See]] as pre-denominational.<ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_en.html|title=Dominus Iesus|publisher=[[Vatican.va]]|access-date=2017-09-14}}</ref> The Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Oriental Orthodox Churches, also considers themselves to be the original Christian church along with the Roman Catholic Church.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Original Christian Church |url=https://oca.org/questions/history/the-original-christian-church |access-date=2018-09-05 |website=Orthodox Church in America |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Orthodox Church|url=https://www.goarch.org/-/history|access-date=2020-08-26|publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|language=en-US|first1=Thomas|last1=Fitzgerald}}</ref> The Lutheran churches have viewed themselves as the "main trunk of the historical Christian Tree" founded by Christ and the Apostles, holding that during the [[Reformation]], the Church of Rome fell away.<ref name="Remensnyder1893">{{cite book |author1=Junius Benjamin Remensnyder |title=The Lutheran Manual |date=1893 |publisher=Boschen & Wefer Company |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA12 |language=English}}</ref> Certain denominational traditions teach that they were divinely instituted to propagate a certain doctrine or spiritual experience, for example the raising up of [[Methodism]] by God to propagate [[Christian perfection#Wesleyan_teaching|entire sanctification]] (the "second blessing"),<ref name="DaviesGeorge2017">{{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Rupert E.|last2=George|first2=A. Raymond|last3=Rupp|first3=Gordon|title=A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain, Volume Three|date=2017|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|language=en|isbn=978-1532630507|page=225}}</ref> or the launch of [[Pentecostalism]] to bestow a [[baptism with the Holy Spirit]] evidenced by [[speaking in tongues]] on humanity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yongnan |first1=Jeon Ahn |title=Interpretation of Tongues and Prophecy in 1 Corinthians 12-14, with a Pentecostal Hermeneutics |date=21 May 2019 |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-39717-0 |page=9-10 |language=en}}</ref> To express further the complexity involved, the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches [[State church of the Roman Empire|were historically one and the same]], as evidenced by the fact that they are the only two modern churches in existence to accept all of the [[first seven ecumenical councils]], [[Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church|until differences arose]], such as [[Ecclesiastical differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church|papal authority and dominance]], the rise of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]], the [[fall of the Western Roman Empire]], the continuance of emperors in the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]], and the final and permanent split that occurred during the [[Crusades]] with the [[Sack of Constantinople|siege of Constantinople]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2016/02/12/the-differences-between-the-catholic-and-orthodox-churches|title=The differences between the Catholic and Orthodox churches|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=2018-09-05|language=en}}</ref> This also illustrates that denominations can arise not only from religious or theological issues, but political and generational divisions as well.
[[File:Church of St. George, Istanbul (August 2010).jpg|thumb|[[St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul|St. George's Cathedral]] in [[Istanbul]]]]
Other churches that are viewed by non-adherents as denominational are highly decentralized and do not have any formal denominational structure, authority, or record-keeping beyond the local congregation; several groups within the [[Restoration Movement]] and [[congregational church]]es fall into this category.
[[File:Basilica Sancti Petri blue hour.jpg|thumb|[[St. Peter's Basilica|Saint Peter's Basilica]] in [[Vatican City]]]]
Some Christian bodies are large (e.g. Catholics, Orthodox, Pentecostals and [[Nondenominational Christianity|nondenominationals]], Anglicans or Baptists), while others are just a few small churches, and in most cases the relative size is not evident in this list except for the denominational group or movement as a whole (e.g. Church of the East, Oriental Orthodox Churches, or Lutheranism). The largest denomination is the Catholic Church with more than 1.4 billion members.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/06/13/0440/00957.html|title=Presentazione dell'Annuario Pontificio 2018 e dell' "Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae" 2016|website=press.vatican.va|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Worldwide Catholic population hits 1.4 billion |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/262883/worldwide-catholic-population-hits-14-billion |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}</ref> The smallest of these groups may have only a few dozen adherents or an unspecified number of participants in independent churches as described below. As such, specific numbers and a certain size may not define a group as a denomination. However, as a general rule, the larger a group becomes, the more acceptance and legitimacy it gains.

Modern movements such as [[Christian fundamentalism]], [[Radical Pietism]], [[Evangelicalism]], the [[Holiness movement]] and [[Charismatic Christianity]] sometimes cross denominational lines, or in some cases create new denominations out of two or more continuing groups (as is the case for many [[united and uniting churches]], for example; e.g. the [[United Church of Christ]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the United Church of Christ?|url=https://www.ucc.org/about-us_what-is-the-united-church-of|website=United Church of Christ|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gunnemann|first1=Louis H.|url=http://archive.org/details/shapingofunitedc00loui|title=The shaping of the United Church of Christ : an essay in the history of American Christianity|last2=Rooks|first2=Charles Shelby|date=1999|publisher=Cleveland, Ohio : United Church Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=9780829813456 }}</ref> Such subtleties and complexities are not clearly depicted here.

Between denominations, theologians, and comparative religionists there are considerable disagreements about which groups can be properly called Christian or a Christian denomination as disagreements arise primarily from doctrinal differences between each other. As an example, this list contains groups also known as "rites" which many, such as the Roman Catholic Church, would say are not denominations as they are in full papal [[Koinonia|communion]], and thus part of the Catholic Church.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Catholic Rites and Churches |url=https://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm |access-date=2018-09-05 |website=EWTN}}</ref> For the purpose of simplicity, this list is intended to reflect the self-understanding of each denomination. Explanations of different opinions concerning their status as Christian denominations can be found at their respective articles.

There is no official recognition in most parts of the world for religious bodies, and there is no official clearinghouse which could determine the status or respectability of religious bodies. Often there is considerable disagreement between various groups about whether others should be labeled with pejorative terms such as "[[cult]]", or about whether this or that group enjoys some measure of respectability. Such considerations often vary from place to place, or culture to culture, where one denomination may enjoy majority status in one region, but be widely regarded as a "dangerous cult" in another part of the world. Inclusion on this list does not indicate any judgment about the size, importance, or character of a group or its members.

==Early Christian==
{{Main|Early Christianity|Christianity in the 1st century}}
Early Christianity is often divided into three different branches that differ in theology and traditions, which all appeared in the 1st century [[Anno Domini|AD]]/[[Common Era|CE]]. They include [[Jewish Christian]]ity, [[Pauline Christianity]] and [[Gnosticism|Gnostic Christianity]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_brief2.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629040736/http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_brief2.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=29 June 2009|title=Fragmentation of the primitive Christian movement|work=Religious Tolerance|access-date=2017-09-14}}</ref> All modern Christian denominations are said to have descended from the Jewish and Pauline Christianities, with Gnostic Christianity dying, or being hunted out of existence after the early Christian era and being largely forgotten until discoveries made in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Trafton|first1=Jennifer|last2=Colossanov|first2=Rebecca|title=Gnostics: Did You Know?|url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-96/gnostics-did-you-know.html|access-date=2020-09-17|website=Christian History|date=30 June 2008 |language=en}}</ref> There are also other theories on the origin of Christianity.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.earlychristianhistory.info/frac.html|title=Early Christian History|access-date=2017-09-14}}</ref>

The following Christian groups appeared between the beginning of the Christian religion and the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325.
{{Div col}}
* [[Abelians]]
* [[Adamites]]
* [[Agapetae]]
* [[Alogi]]
* [[Angelici (sect)|Angelici]]
*[[Antidicomarians]]
*[[Arabici]]
* [[Arianism]]
** [[Anomoeanism]]
** [[Gothic Christianity]]
** [[Semi-Arianism]]
*[[Audianism]]
* [[Colluthians]]
* [[Collyridianism]]
* [[Ebionites]]
* [[Elcesaites]]
* [[Encratites]]
** [[Apotactics]]
**[[Aquarii]]
** [[Severian Encratites|Severians]]
*[[Johannine Community|Johannines]]
* [[Marcionism]]
* [[Melitians]]
* [[Montanism]]
** [[Artotyrite]]
** [[Ascitans]]
** [[Tascodrugites]]
* [[Nazarene (sect)|Nazarenes]]
* [[Nicolaism]]
* [[Novatianism]]
* [[Thomasines]]
* [[Proto-orthodox Christianity]]
{{Div col end}}

===Gnosticism===
{{Main|Gnosticism|Proto-Gnosticism|List of Gnostic sects}}
{{See also|Emanationism}}
{{Columns-list|
*[[Antitactae]]
*[[Archontics]]
* [[Basilideans]]
* [[Borborites]]
**[[Stratiotici]]
* [[Cainites]]
* [[Carpocratians (Gnostic sect)|Carpocratianism]]
* [[Cerdonians]]
* [[Mandaeism]]
** [[Kentaeans]]
*[[Naassenes]]
* [[Nicolaism|Nicolaitans]]
*[[Ophites]]
*[[Perates]]
*[[Priscillianism]]
*[[Quqites]]
*[[Seleucians]]
* [[Sethianism]]
* [[Simonians]]
* [[Valentinianism]]
** [[Bardaisan]]ites
** [[Colarbasians]]
** [[Marcosians]]
* [[Valesians]]
}}

=== Late ancient and Medieval Christian ===
{{Main|History of late ancient Christianity|History of Christianity during the Middle Ages|State church of the Roman Empire}}
The following are groups of Christians appearing between the [[First Council of Nicaea]], the [[East–West Schism|East-West Schism]] and [[proto-Protestantism]]. Among these late ancient and Medieval Christian denominations, the most prominent and continuously operating have been the [[Church of the East]] and its successors, the [[Assyrian Church of the East]], [[Ancient Church of the East]], and [[Chaldean Catholic Church]] (full communion with [[Catholic Church|Rome]] since 1552); and the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches]]. In the 5th century, two schisms occurred: the first for the Oriental Orthodox and the second for the Church of the East, which cemented the existence of three parallel ecclesiastical structures.<ref name=":7" />

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
*[[Acephali]]
* [[Adelophagi]]
*[[Agnoetae]]
* [[Agonoclita]]
* [[Apostolic Brethren]]
*[[Alumbrados]]
*[[Bagnolians]]
*[[Barallot]]
*[[Barsanuphians]]
* [[Beguines and Beghards]]
* [[Bogomilism]]
* [[Bosnian Church]]
*[[Brautmystik]]
* [[Brethren of the Free Spirit]]
**[[Amalrician]]
**[[Men of Understanding]]
* [[Catharism]]
*[[Chazinzarians]]
*[[Christolytes]]
**[[Albanenses]]
* [[Celtic Christianity]]
* [[Donatism]]
** [[Circumcellions]]
** [[Rogatists]]
* [[Dulcinian]]s
* [[Euchites]]
**[[Marcianists]]
* [[Eustathius of Antioch|Eustathians]]
* [[Fraticelli]]
* [[Heresy of the Judaizers]]
*[[Joachimites]]
*[[Josephines]]
*[[Jovinianism]]
*[[Aphthartodocetae|Julianists]]
** [[Gaianites]]
*[[Migetians]]
*[[Orléans heresy]]
*[[Pasagians]]
* [[Paulicianism]]
** [[Astati]]
* [[Pneumatomachi]]
* [[Abba Estifanos of Gwendagwende|Stephanites]]
* [[Tondrakians]]
*[[Turlupins]]
{{Div col end}}

== Church of the East ==
{{further|Church of the East|Nestorianism|Schism of 1552}}
During the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian Period]], a schism occurred between the Church of the East and the Roman-recognized [[State church of the Roman Empire|state church of Rome]]. This church is also called the Nestorian Church or the Church of Persia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jB8ir0ek8bgC|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913|last=Wilmshurst|first=David|date=2000|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789042908765|language=en}}</ref> Declaring itself separate from the state church in 424–427, liturgically, it adhered to the [[East Syriac Rite]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BmaQAAAACAAJ|title=Light from the East: A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches|last=Hill|first=Henry|date=1988|publisher=Anglican Book Centre|isbn=9780919891906|language=en}}</ref> Theologically, it adopted the [[dyophysite]] doctrine of Nestorianism, which emphasizes the separateness of the [[Hypostatic union|divine and human nature]]s of [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus]], and addresses [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] as [[Christotokos]] instead of [[Theotokos]]; the Church of the East also largely practiced [[Aniconism in Christianity|aniconism]], especially after [[Islamic conquests]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/realmofpresterjo00silv|url-access=registration|title=The realm of Prester John|last=Silverberg|first=Robert|date=1972|publisher=Doubleday|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0Fq7Rk7howC&pg=PA8|title=Learning Theology with the Church Fathers|last=Hall|first=Christopher A.|date=2002-08-16|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=9780830826865|language=en}}</ref> Adhered to by groups such as the [[Keraites]] and [[Naimans]] (see [[Christianity among the Mongols]]), the Church of the East had a prominent presence in [[Inner Asia]] between the 11th and 14th centuries, but by the 15th century was largely confined to the Eastern [[Aramaic]]-speaking [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] communities of northern Mesopotamia, in and around the rough triangle formed by [[Mosul]] and [[Lake Van|Lakes Van]] and [[Lake Urmia|Urmia]]—the same general region where the Church of the East had first emerged between the 1st and 3rd centuries.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6DM4szwUpEC|title=Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923|last=Frazee|first=Charles A.|date=2006-06-22|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521027007|language=en}}</ref>

Its patriarchal lines divided in a tumultuous period from the 16th-19th century, finally consolidated into the [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Church]] (in full communion with the [[Pope|Pope of Rome]]), and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-pEWAAAAMAAJ|title=L'Orient syrien|date=1966|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Patriarchs of the Church of the East from the Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries|url=http://www.bethmardutho.org/images/hugoye/volume2/hv2n2vandenberg.pdf|website=The Syriac Institute|access-date=5 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184030/http://www.bethmardutho.org/images/hugoye/volume2/hv2n2vandenberg.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other minor, modern related splinter groups include the Ancient Church of the East (split 1968 due to rejecting some changes made by Patriarch [[Shimun XXI Eshai]]) and the [[Chaldean Syrian Church]]. In 1995 the Chaldean Syrian Church reunified with the Assyrian Church of the East as an [[Diocese|archbishopric]]. The Chaldean Syrian Church is headquartered in [[Thrissur]], [[India]]. Together, the Assyrian, Ancient, Chaldean Syrian and Chaldean Catholic Church comprised about 1,120,000 members as of 2025.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DYTRSAAACAAJ |title=The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization: A-E. |date=2009 |publisher=Blackwell Pub. Limited |pages=154-159 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781405166584 |title=The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity |date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-631-23203-2 |editor-last=Parry |editor-first=Ken |pages=122-123 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781405166584 |editor-last2=Melling |editor-first2=David J. |editor-last3=Brady |editor-first3=Dimitri |editor-last4=Griffith |editor-first4=Sidney H. |editor-last5=Healey |editor-first5=John F.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity|last=Baumer|first=Christoph|date=28 April 2006|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|isbn=1-84511-115-X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-09 |title=Annuario Orientale Cattolico - 2023 by Vartan Waldir Boghossian EXARMAL |url=https://issuu.com/exarmal/docs/annuarioorientale_-_2023_pdf |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> The three churches, among others, are part of [[Syriac Christianity]].<ref>Baumer, Christoph (2006). ''The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity'' (1st ed.). [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]: [[I.B. Tauris]]. p. 272. {{ISBN|1-84511-115-X}}.</ref>

== Oriental Orthodox ==
{{Further|Oriental Orthodox Churches}}
{{Oriental Orthodox sidebar}} 
The Oriental Orthodox Churches are the Christian churches adhering to [[Miaphysitism|Miaphysite]] Christology and theology, with a combined global membership of 62 million {{As of|2019||lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lamport |first1=Mark A. |title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South |date=2018 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7157-9 |page=601 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6xVDwAAQBAJ&q=oriental+orthodox+50+million&pg=PA601 |language=en |quote=Today these churches are also referred to as the Oriental Orthodox Churches and are made up of 50 million Christians.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century |journal=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=8 November 2017 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/11/08/orthodox-christianity-in-the-21st-century/ |quote=Oriental Orthodoxy has separate self-governing jurisdictions in Ethiopia, Egypt, Eritrea, India, Armenia and Syria, and it accounts for roughly 20% of the worldwide Orthodox population.}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Orthodox churches (Oriental) |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/orthodox-churches-oriental |website=World Council of Churches |language=en}}</ref> These churches reject the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 and the following Byzantine councils.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Popular Encyclopedia of Church History|publisher=Harvest House Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-0-7369-4806-7|pages=108}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Following the events of the council, the majority of the Eastern regions within the [[Byzantine Empire]], particularly in [[Mesopotamia]], the [[Levant]], and [[Byzantine Egypt|Egypt]], rejected the teachings and proceedings of the council. They continued as Miaphysite patriarchates in [[Patriarchate of Antioch|Antioch]] and [[Patriarchate of Alexandria|Alexandria]], with [[Catholicos of All Armenians|Armenia]] and [[Patriarchs of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] formally joining them shortly thereafter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frend |first=W. H. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-bJPAAACAAJ |title=The Rise of the Monophysite Movement |date=1972-01-01 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-0-227-17241-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wigram |first=William Ainger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OTYAAAAMAAJ |title=The Separation of the Monophysites |date=1978 |publisher=AMS Press |isbn=978-0-404-16115-6 |pages=63,132 |language=en |quote=Monophysites were no more than a party every where (except in Egypt, where they were all-powerful), but that party was the majority in Palestine and Syria, and was not negligible in the Capital, and in Asia Minor. .. There were plenty of laity and monks among the Monophysites; there was a fair supply of clergy; Chalcedonians were negligible in Egypt, and a minority in all the Orient, though they were a considerable minority, perhaps even a local majority, in Palestine.}}</ref>

Other denominations, such as the Eastern Orthodox Church and bodies in [[Old Believers|Old]] and [[True Orthodoxy]], often label the Oriental Orthodox Churches as "[[Monophysite]]". As the Oriental Orthodox do not adhere to the teachings of [[Eutyches]], they themselves reject this label, preferring the term "Miaphysite" based on [[Cyril of Alexandria]]'s Christological formula.<ref>{{Citation |last=Crawford |first=Matthew R. |title=Cyril of Alexandria, First Letter to Succensus |date=2022 |work=The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings: Volume 3: Christ: Through the Nestorian Controversy |volume=3 |pages=731–739 |editor-last=DelCogliano |editor-first=Mark |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-edition-of-early-christian-writings/cyril-of-alexandria-first-letter-to-succensus/DFB3B5748F0853F6B0FFDBEED8296C62 |access-date=2025-07-16 |series=The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-06213-9 |quote=mia physis tou logou sesarkomene [μία φύσις τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου σεσαρκωμένη]}}</ref>

Historically, the Oriental Orthodox Churches considered themselves collectively to be the [[Four Marks of the Church|one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church]] that Jesus [[One true church|founded]]. Some Christian denominations have recently considered the body of Oriental Orthodoxy to be a part of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church—a view which is gaining increasing acceptance in the wake of [[Ecumenism|ecumenical dialogues]] between groups such as [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], Roman and Eastern Catholicism, and [[Protestantism|Protestant Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sacraments in the Life of the Church |url=http://www.christianunity.va/content/unitacristiani/en/dialoghi/sezione-orientale/chiese-ortodosse-orientali/commissione-mista-internazionale-per-il-dialogo-teologico-tra-la/documenti-di-dialogo/en.html |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=www.christianunity.va}}</ref><ref name="Gros_etal_2000">{{cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/wccfops2.194 |title=Growth in Agreement II. Reports and Agreed Statements of Ecumenical Conversations at World Level 1982–1998 |date=2000 |publisher=World Council of Churches |editor=Jeffrey Gros |location=Michigan |editor2=Harding Meyer |editor3=William G. Rusch}}</ref>

All canonical or mainstream Oriental Orthodox Churches are part of the [[World Council of Churches]],<ref name=":4" /> though only five form the Standing Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standing Conference of Oriental Orthodox Churches |url=http://www.scooch.org/member-churches/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |language=en}}</ref> Throughout Oriental Orthodoxy, non-mainstream or non-canonical churches have passed in and out of recognition with the mainstream churches (e.g., [[British Orthodox Church]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint announcement from the Coptic Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom and the British Orthodox Church of the British Isles |url=https://britishorthodox.org/5330/joint-announcement-from-the-coptic-orthodox-church-in-the-united-kingdom-and-the-british-orthodox-church-of-the-british-isles/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=British Orthodox Church}}</ref>

=== Canonical Oriental Orthodox ===
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Coptic Orthodox Church]]
** [[French Coptic Orthodox Church]]
* [[Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]]
** [[Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]
* [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
**[[Church of Caucasian Albania]]
** [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]]
** [[Holy See of Cilicia]]
** [[Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
** [[Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]
* [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
* [[Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
* [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
{{div col end}}

=== Independent Oriental Orthodox ===
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[British Orthodox Church]]
* [[Celtic Orthodox Church]]
* [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]]
* [[Orthodox Church of the Gauls]]
* [[Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
{{Div col end}}

==Eastern Orthodox==
{{Main articles|Eastern Orthodoxy}}
Eastern Orthodoxy is one of the main Chalcedonian Christian branches, alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.<ref name="McAuliffe2008">{{cite book |last=McAuliffe |first=Garrett |title=Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4129-1006-4 |page=532 |quote=About one-third of the world's population is considered Christian and can be divided into three main branches: (1) Roman Catholicism (the largest coherent group, representing over one billion baptized members); (2) Orthodox Christianity (including Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy); and (3) Protestantism (comprising many denominations and schools of thought, including Anglicanism, Reformed, Presbyterianism, Lutheranism, Methodism, Evangelicalism, and Pentecostalism).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mirola |first1=William |title=Religion Matters: What Sociology Teaches Us About Religion In Our World |last2=Monahan |first2=Susanne C. |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-34451-3 |location=[[London]] and [[New York City]] |quote=Orthodox Churches represent one of the three major branches of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.}}</ref> Each Eastern Orthodox church considers itself part of the one true church, and pre-denominational. Though they consider themselves pre-denominational, being the original Church of Christ before 1054,<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America |url=http://www.goarch.org/archdiocese/about |access-date=2018-06-02 |website=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> some scholars suggest the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches began after the [[East–West Schism|East–West schism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eastern and Orthodox by Tom Shoemaker|url=https://www.mesacc.edu/~thoqh49081/summer2014/270/modern.eastern-defining.html|access-date=2020-07-22|website=Mesa Community College|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722154908/https://www.mesacc.edu/~thoqh49081/summer2014/270/modern.eastern-defining.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-06|title=Great Schism|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul16/great-schism/|access-date=2020-07-22|website=National Geographic Society|language=en|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730210422/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul16/great-schism/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Canonical Eastern Orthodox ===
{{Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar}}
{{main|Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Church organization|Eastern Orthodox theology|Western Rite Orthodoxy}}
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, claims continuity (based upon [[apostolic succession]]) with the early Church as part of the [[State church of the Roman Empire|state church of Rome]]. The Eastern Orthodox Church had about 230 million members {{As of|2019||lc=y}}, making it the second largest single denomination behind the Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century |journal=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=8 November 2017 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/11/08/orthodox-christianity-in-the-21st-century/ |quote=Eastern Orthodoxy is split into 15 jurisdictions heavily centered in Central and Eastern Europe, accounting for the remaining 80% of Orthodox Christians.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Global Christianity, 2019, in the Context of 1900–2050 |url=https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/04/StatusofGlobalChristianity20191.pdf?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=61e708fc505ebdcc541080f01bc86d606e92aab2-1589420002-0-AcMl8cpc4FNVu7RCnuoWK3nxcwmlEm4V9QfWAfjPOcIB0VDb1wg85VqK1f0nUkewjZ3U_Q_-gARebR6LcHNaheVB67vhpLNhFSyv2p8XWiZROAxCIEvkWTl5KNZ5FyWaGEKLfvjyXuSYiPijFbe4xFEnpy6Nv9bw_ZysxxnKcy5rDRIZIit0aL2z-7yGUztA7J_QVRHmGLq5rPzbocH5xTDLnVYe-5WoKUBT7hqtyKvsdRcBhvYwqLzGICuk8nDyTjbStVGsF1Z6AGmRI2AQhUgPTCx9rKXTVA2Fk10tILqpglmbx6lSOrtU3evtoL-qsRp3DkY1vVx10o7S1-8zPlnKOf14ywcpYT9WLzDA5oGMi7TyuyN8SpiL9ZQZ8EdlZimdsFz4Lmlq5iLw_lPt4owbLKsshH4ukMmfKLcDarnv |publisher=Center for the Study of Global Christianity}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm|title=Eastern Orthodox Church Denomination|author-first1=Mary|author-last1=Fairchild|work=ThoughtCo|access-date=2018-09-04|archive-date=5 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605234938/http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of them have a disputed administrative status (i.e. their autonomy or [[autocephaly]] is not recognized universally). Eastern Orthodox churches by and large remain in communion with one another, although this has broken at times throughout its history. Two examples of impaired communion between the Orthodox churches include the Moscow–Constantinople schisms of [[1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism|1996]] and [[2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism|2018]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church 8 November 2000 : Russian Orthodox Church (archive)|url=https://mospat.ru/archive/en/2000/11/se011081/|website=mospat.ru|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143211/https://mospat.ru/archive/en/2000/11/se011081/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CNEWA – The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church|url=https://cnewa.org/redirect-magazine.php?ID=33&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=2|website=cnewa.org|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church concerning the encroachment of the Patriarchate of Constantinople on the canonical territory of the Russian Church {{!}} The Russian Orthodox Church|url=https://mospat.ru/en/2018/10/15/news165263/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=MacFarquhar|first=Neil|date=2018-10-15|title=Russia Takes Further Step Toward Major Schism in Orthodox Church|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/world/europe/russia-orthodox-church.html|access-date=2020-05-03|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> There are also independent churches subscribing to the Eastern Orthodox traditions.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
** [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta]]
** [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]
** [[Albanian Orthodox Diocese of America]]
** [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Canada]]
** [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain|Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Great Britain]]
** [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]
** [[Vicariate for Palestinian–Jordanian Communities in the USA|Vicariate for Palestine and Jordan in the USA]]
** [[Finnish Orthodox Church]]
** [[Church of Crete|Greek Orthodox Church of Crete]]
** [[Mount Athos|Monastic Community of Mount Athos]]
** [[Korean Orthodox Church]]
** [[Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church]]
** [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA]]
** [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]
** [[Eastern Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia|Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong]]
*** [[Exarchate of the Philippines]]
** [[Eastern Orthodox Metropolitanate of Singapore and South Asia|Orthodox Metropolitanate of Singapore]]
** [[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese]]
* [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria]]
* [[Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch]]
** [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America]]
** [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand, and All Oceania|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]
** [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of Mexico|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Mexico]]
** [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Mission in the Philippines|Antiochian Orthodox Mission in the Philippines]]
** [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Santiago and All Chile|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Chile]]
* [[Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem]]
** [[Church of Sinai|Greek Orthodox Church of Sinai]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
** [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]
** [[Russian Orthodox Church in Finland]]
** [[Japanese Orthodox Church]]
** [[Chinese Orthodox Church]]
** [[Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate|Estonian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]]
** [[Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova|Moldovan Orthodox Church]]
** [[Belarusian Orthodox Church]]
** [[Diocese of the Philippines and Vietnam|Philippine Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]]
** [[Patriarchal Exarchate in South-East Asia]]
** [[Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe (Moscow Patriarchate)|Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe]]
** [[Russian Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes in the USA|Patriarchal Parishes in the USA]]
** [[Patriarchial Parishes in Canada|Patriarchal Parishes in Canada]]
* [[Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church]]
* [[Serbian Orthodox Church]]
** [[Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric|Serbian Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric]]
** [[Archdiocese of Belgrade and Karlovci]]
*** [[Metropolitanate of Skopje|Serbian Metropolitanate of Skopje]]
** [[Metropolitanate of Dabar and Bosnia|Serbian Metropolitanate of Dabar]]
** [[Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral|Serbian Metropolitanate of Montenegro]]
** [[Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana|Serbian Metropolitanate of Zagreb]]
** [[Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Australia and New Zealand|Serbian Metropolitanate of Australia]]
* [[Romanian Orthodox Church]]
** [[Metropolis of Bessarabia|Romanian Metropolis of Bessarabia]]
** [[Romanian Orthodox Metropolia of the Americas|Romanian Metropolia of the Americas]]
* [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]]
** [[Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia|Diocese of North America and Australia]]
* [[Cypriot Orthodox Church]]
* [[Church of Greece|Orthodox Church of Greece]]
* [[Albanian Orthodox Church]]
* [[Polish Orthodox Church]]
* [[Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church]]
* [[Orthodox Church in America]]
** [[Orthodox Church in America Archdiocese of Canada|Archdiocese of Canada]]
** [[Orthodox Church in America Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America|Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America]]
** [[Orthodox Church in America Albanian Archdiocese|Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America]]
** [[Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Mexico|Exarchate of Mexico]]
* [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]]
* [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Independent Eastern Orthodox ===
{{Main|Eastern Orthodox Church organization#Unrecognized churches}}

These Eastern Orthodox churches are not in communion with the mainstream or canonical Eastern Orthodox Church. Some of these denominations consider themselves as part of [[True Orthodoxy]] or the [[Old Believers]]. True Orthodoxy, or Genuine Orthodoxy, separated from the mainstream church over issues of [[ecumenism]] and [[Revised Julian calendar|calendar reform]] since the 1920s;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/Drustvo/Ko-su-ziloti-pravoslavni-fundamentalisti.lt.html |title=Ko su ziloti, pravoslavni fundamentalisti |trans-title=Who are Zealots, Orthodox Fundamentalists |publisher=[[Politika]] |date=1 May 2010 |access-date=5 August 2014 |author=Beoković, Jelena}}</ref> and the Russian Old Believers refused to accept the liturgical and ritual changes made by [[Patriarch Nikon of Moscow]] between 1652 and 1666. Several Old Believer denominations have reunified with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] and subsequent wider Eastern Orthodox communion.

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Abkhazian Orthodox Church]]
* [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]]
* [[Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate]]
* [[Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]
* [[Latvian Orthodox Church]]
* [[Lusitanian Catholic Orthodox Church]]
* [[Montenegrin Orthodox Church (1993)]]
* Independent Ukrainian Orthodox churches:
** [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical]]
** [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]]
{{Div col end}}

==== True Orthodoxy ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Old Calendar Bulgarian Orthodox Church]]
* [[Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church]]
* [[Serbian True Orthodox Church]]
* [[Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church]]
* [[Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church]]
* [[Russian Old-Orthodox Church]]
* [[Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church]]
{{Div col end}}

====Other Orthodox movements====
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
*[[Hesychasm]]
**[[Kollyvades]]
** [[Palamism]]
***[[History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century|Neopalamism]]
* [[Imiaslavie]] (Onomatodoxy)
* [[Sophiology|Sophianism]]
* [[Inochentism]]
* [[Josephite movement|Josephism]]
* [[Old Believers]]
**[[Bespopovtsy]]
***[[Fedoseevtsy]]
***[[Filippians]]
**[[Chasovennye]]
**[[Dyrniki]]
**[[Popovtsy]]
***[[Beglopopovtsy]]
*[[Old Calendarists]]
*[[Spiritual Christianity]]
** [[Doukhobors]]
***[[Freedomites]]
**[[Khlysts]]
***[[Postniki]]
****[[Staroizrail]]
*****[[New Israel]]
**[[Molokans]]
***[[Sukhie Baptisty]]
**[[Skoptsy]]
** [[Subbotniks]]
** [[Yehowists]]
{{Div col end}}

==Catholic==
{{main|Catholic Church|Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites}}
{{further|List of heresies in the Catholic Church|List of Catholic rites and churches}}
{{Catholic Church sidebar}}
The Catholic Church, or [[Roman Catholic (term)|Roman Catholic]] Church, is composed of 24 autonomous ''[[sui iuris]]'' [[particular church]]es: the [[Latin Church]] and the 23 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]]. It considers itself the one, holy, [[Catholicity|catholic]] and apostolic Church that [[Jesus|Christ]] founded,<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070629_responsa-quaestiones_en.html| title=Responses to Some Questions Regarding Certain Aspects of the Doctrine on the Church| publisher=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]}}</ref> and which [[Saint Peter]] initiated along with the missionary work of [[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]] and others. As such, the Catholic Church does not consider itself a denomination, but rather considers itself pre-denominational, the original Church of Christ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=On Christian Unity and Ecumenism |url=https://www.oca.org/holy-synod/encyclicals/on-christian-unity-and-ecumenism |access-date=2020-02-17 |website=Orthodox Church in America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecumenical |url=http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/ecumenical-and-interreligious/ecumenical/index.cfm |access-date=2020-02-17 |website=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops}}</ref> Continuity is claimed based upon [[apostolic succession]] with the early Church.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church|publisher=Vatican City: Catholic Church|year=2002|pages=77,861}}</ref> The Catholic population exceeds 1.4 billion {{As of|2025||lc=y}},<ref name=":8" /> making up the majority of Western Christianity. Stemming from the one Roman Catholic institution, there exists several Independent Catholic churches which have expanded the Catholic denominational family, becoming [[Old Catholic Church|Old and Old Roman Catholicism]], and [[Liberal Catholic Church|Liberal Catholics]].

===Latin (Roman) Catholic===
{{Further|Latin Church}}
The [[Latin Church]] is the largest and most widely known of the 24 ''sui iuris'' churches that together make up the Catholic Church.<ref name=":3" /> It is headed by the Bishop of Rome—the [[Pope]]—with headquarters in [[Vatican City]], enclaved within [[Rome]], [[Italy]]. {{As of|2015}}, the Latin Church comprised 1.255 billion members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2017/04/06/170406e.html|title=The Pontifical Yearbook 2017 and the "Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae" 2015|website=press.vatican.va|access-date=2018-06-02}}</ref>

===Eastern (Oriental) Catholic===
{{Further|Eastern Catholic Churches}}
All of the following are particular churches of the Catholic Church. They are all in [[Full communion|communion]] with the Pope as Bishop of Rome and acknowledge his claim of universal jurisdiction and authority. They have some minor distinct theological emphases and expressions (for instance, in the case of those that are of Greek/Byzantine tradition, concerning some non-doctrinal aspects of the Latin view of [[Purgatory]] and [[Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church|clerical celibacy]]).<ref>Anthony Dragani, ''[http://www.east2west.org/doctrine.htm#Purgatory From East to West]''</ref> The Eastern Catholic Churches and the Latin Church (which are united in the worldwide Catholic Church) share the same doctrine and sacraments, and thus the same faith. The total membership of the churches accounted for approximately 18 million members {{As of|2019|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-07|title=The beautiful witness of the Eastern Catholic Churches|url=https://catholicherald.co.uk/the-beautiful-witness-of-the-eastern-catholic-churches/|access-date=2020-09-18|website=Catholic Herald|language=en-GB}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
;[[Alexandrian Rite]]
* [[Coptic Catholic Church]]
* [[Eritrean Catholic Church]]
* [[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]
;[[Armenian Rite]]
* [[Armenian Catholic Church]]
;[[Byzantine Rite]]
* [[Albanian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Belarusian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia]]
* [[Greek Byzantine Catholic Church]]
* [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]] 
* [[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Romanian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Russian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Greek/Byzantine Catholic Church]]
* [[Slovak Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]]
;[[East Syriac Rite]]
* [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]
* [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]
;[[West Syriac Rite]]
* [[Maronite Church]]
* [[Syriac Catholic Church]]
* [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Independent Catholic ===
{{main|Independent Catholicism|Old Catholic Church}}
{{Further information|Independent sacramental movement|List of Independent Catholic denominations}}
Independent Catholics consists of those denominations embodying [[catholicity]], and have initially separated from the Latin Church in 1724 through the consecrations of bishops for the present-day [[Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht]] without papal approval.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dominique Marie Varlet |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG243536 |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=British Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Varlet |first=Dominique-Marie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpwfAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP13 |title=Domestic Correspondence of Dominique-Marie Varlet: Bishop of Babylon 1678–1742 |date=1986-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-07671-6 |language=fr}}</ref> Largely distinguished by their rejection of papal infallibility and supremacy, most Independent Catholic churches are unrecognized by the Vatican, although their sacraments have been recognized as [[Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)|valid but illicit]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Validity of Old Catholic Church Sacraments |url=https://www.catholic.com/qa/the-validity-of-old-catholic-church-sacraments |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Catholic Answers}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[American Catholic Church in the United States]]
* [[American National Catholic Church]]
* [[Antiochian Catholic Church in America]]
* [[Augustana Catholic Church]]
* [[Argentine Catholic Apostolic Church]]
* [[Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines)]]
* [[Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church]]
* [[Catholic Christian Church]]
* [[Catholic Patriotic Association]]
** [[Underground church]]
* [[Christ Catholic Church]]
* [[Community of the Lady of All Nations]]
* [[Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen]]
* [[Ecumenical Catholic Church]]
* [[Ecumenical Catholic Church of Christ]]
* [[Ecumenical Catholic Communion]]
* [[Evangelical Catholic Church (Independent Catholic)]]
* [[Fraternité Notre-Dame]]
* [[Free Catholic Church in Germany]]
* [[Imani Temple African-American Catholic Congregation]]
* [[Istituto Mater Boni Consilii]]
* [[Liberal Catholic Church]]
** [[Liberal Catholic Church International]]
** [[Liberal Catholic Church, Province of the United States of America]]
** [[Old Catholic Apostolic Church]]
** [[The Young Rite]]
*[[Mariavite Church]]
**[[Catholic Mariavite Church]]
* [[Most Holy Family Monastery]]
* [[Union of Utrecht of the Old Catholic Churches]]
** [[Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany]]
** [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland]]
** [[Old Catholic Church of Austria]]
** [[Old Catholic Church of the Czech Republic]]
** [[Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands]]
** [[Polish-Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland]]
* [[Old Catholic Mariavite Church]]
* [[Old Roman Catholic Church in Great Britain]]
* [[Palmarian Catholic Church]]
* [[Philippine Independent Church|Philippine Independent (Aglipayan) Church]]
* [[Polish National Catholic Church]]
* [[Rabelados]]
* [[Reformed Catholic Church (Venezuela)]]
* [[St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis, Missouri)]]
* [[Society of Saint Pius V]]
* [[Traditionalist Mexican-American Catholic Church]]
* [[True Catholic Church]]
* [[Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church]]
{{Div col end}}

===Catholic movements===
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Augustinianism]]
*[[Apostles of Infinite Love]]
*[[Catholic Charismatic Renewal|Charismatic Catholics]]
* [[Christian Family Movement]]
*[[Conciliarism]]
*[[Cult of the Holy Spirit]]
*[[Erasmus|Erasmianism]]
*[[Febronianism]]
*[[Flagellantism]]
*[[Fu Jen School]]
*[[Gallicanism]]
*[[Hebrew Catholics]]
*[[Jansenism]]
*[[Legionaries of Christ]]
*[[Liberal Catholicism]]
*[[Modernism (Roman Catholicism)|Modernist Catholics]]
* [[Molinism]]
* [[Neocatechumenal Way]]
* [[Occamism]]
**[[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin|Teilhardianism]]
* [[Opus Dei]]
*[[Origen|Origenism]]
*[[Petite Eglise]]
*[[Quietism (Christian contemplation)|Quietism]]
* [[School of Salamanca]]
* [[Scotism]]
*[[Sedevacantism]]
**[[Palmarian Catholic Church]]
*[[Sedeprivationism]]
* [[Thomism]]
*[[Traditionalist Catholic]]ism
**[[Society of Saint Pius X]]
*[[Ultramontanism]]

{{Div col end}}

==Protestant==
{{main|Protestantism|Reformation|List of the largest Protestant denominations}}
Protestantism is a movement within Christianity which owes its name to the 1529 [[Protestation at Speyer]], but originated in 1517 when [[Martin Luther]] began his dispute with the Roman Catholic Church. This period of time, known as the [[Reformation]], began a series of events resulting over the next 500 years in several newly denominated churches (listed below). Some denominations were started by intentionally dividing themselves from the Roman Catholic Church, such as in the case of the [[English Reformation]] while others, such as with Luther's followers, were excommunicated after attempting reform.<ref>"Protestant, I.2.a" ''Oxford English Dictionary''</ref> New denominations and organizations formed through further divisions within Protestant churches since the Reformation began. A denomination labeled "Protestant" subscribes to the fundamental Protestant principles—though not always—that is scripture alone, justification by faith alone, and the universal priesthood of believers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lmsusa.org/sola.pdf|title=The "Solas" of the Reformation|website=Lmsusa.org}}</ref>

The majority of contemporary Protestants are members of Adventism, Anglicanism, the Baptist churches, Calvinism (Reformed Protestantism), Lutheranism, Methodism and Pentecostalism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Christianity|url=https://www.history.com/topics/religion/history-of-christianity|access-date=2020-08-26|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> [[Nondenominational Christianity|Nondenominational]], Evangelical, [[Charismatic Movement|charismatic]], [[Neo-charismatic movement|neo-charismatic]], independent, [[Convergence Movement|Convergence]], and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity.<ref>[http://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/evangelical-churches World Council of Churches: Evangelical churches]: "Evangelical churches have grown exponentially in the second half of the 20th century and continue to show great vitality, especially in the global South. This resurgence may in part be explained by the phenomenal growth of Pentecostalism and the emergence of the charismatic movement, which are closely associated with evangelicalism. However, there can be no doubt that the evangelical tradition "per se" has become one of the major components of world Christianity. Evangelicals also constitute sizable minorities in the traditional Protestant and Anglican churches. In regions like Africa and Latin America, the boundaries between "evangelical" and "mainline" are rapidly changing and giving way to new ecclesial realities."</ref>

This list gives only an overview, and certainly does not mention all of the Protestant denominations. The exact number of Protestant denominations, including the members of the denominations, is difficult to calculate and depends on definition. A group that fits the generally accepted definition of "Protestant" might not officially use the term. Therefore, it should be taken with caution. The most accepted figure among various authors and scholars includes around 900 million to a little over 1 billion Protestant Christians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf|title=Pewforum: Christianity (2010)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805020311/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf|archive-date=5 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact |url=http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141543/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 |website=Gordon Conwell}}</ref>

===Proto-Protestant===
{{Main|Proto-Protestantism}}
[[Proto-Protestantism]] refers to movements similar to the Protestant Reformation, but before 1517, when Martin Luther (1483–1546) is reputed to have nailed the ''[[Ninety-five Theses|Ninety-Five-Theses]]'' to the church door. Major early Reformers were [[Peter Waldo]] (c. 1140–c. 1205), [[John Wycliffe]] (1320s–1384), and [[Jan Hus]] (c. 1369–1415). It is not completely correct to call these groups Protestant due to the fact that some of them had nothing to do with the [[Protestation at Speyer|1529 protestation at Speyer]] which coined the term Protestant. In particular, the [[Utraquism|Utraquists]] were eventually accommodated as a separate Catholic rite by the [[papacy]] after a military attempt to end their movement failed. On the other hand, the surviving [[Waldensians]] ended up joining Reformed Protestantism, so it is not completely inaccurate to refer to their movement as Protestant; the [[Waldensian Evangelical Church]] is a well known existing body in that tradition. The Hussites are presently represented in the [[Moravian Church]], [[Unity of the Brethren (Texas)|Unity of the Brethren]] and the [[Czechoslovak Hussite Church]].

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
; [[Arnoldists]]
; [[Berengarians]]
; [[Devotio Moderna]]
* [[Brethren of the Common Life]]
; [[Friends of God]]
; [[Henricans]]
; [[Hussites]]
* [[Adamites#Neo-Adamites|Neo-Adamites]]
* [[Czechoslovak Hussite Church]]
* [[Moravian Church]]
* [[Orebites]]
* [[Prague Hussites|Praguers]]
* [[Taborites]]
* [[Utraquism|Utraquists]]
* [[Unity of the Brethren (Czech Republic)|Unity of the Brethren]]
; [[Lollardy|Lollards]]
; [[Pataria]]
; [[Petrobrusians]]
; [[Piagnoni]]
; [[Strigolniki]]
; [[Waldensians]]
* [[Waldensian Evangelical Church]]{{Div col end}}

===Lutheran===
{{main|Lutheranism|List of Lutheran denominations}}
{{See also|Lutheran church bodies in North America}}
{{Lutheranism}}
Lutherans are a major branch of Protestantism, identifying with the theology of Martin Luther, a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer, and [[Theology|theologian]]. Lutheranism initially began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church before the excommunication of its members. Lutherans are divided among [[High Church Lutheranism|High Church]], [[Confessional Lutheranism|Confessional]], [[Pietism|Pietist]] and Liberal churchmanships, though these can overlap, e.g. the [[Communion of Nordic Lutheran Dioceses]] is High Church and Confessional. The whole of Lutheranism had about 70-90 million members in 2018,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-05-19 |title=Member Churches |url=http://www.lutheranworld.org/content/member-churches |access-date=2018-09-05 |work=Lutheran World Federation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lutheran.org.nz/about-us/|title=About Us|website=Lutheran Church of New Zealand|language=en-NZ|access-date=2018-09-05}}</ref><ref name="Christian Traditions">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-traditions/|title=Christian Traditions|date=2011-12-19|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Melton|first1=J. Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&q=%2260+million%22+lutherans+world&pg=PA1752|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]|last2=Baumann|first2=Martin|date=2010-09-21|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3|language=en}}</ref> and its largest communion, the Lutheran World Federation, had a total of 78,431,111 members as of 2023, making it the sixth-largest communion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lutheran World Federation – 2023 Membership Figures |url=https://lutheranworld.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/LWF%20Membership%20Statistics%202023%20-%20EN.pdf |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Lutheran World Federation}}</ref> The largest non-United Lutheran denomination was the [[Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus]], an [[Protestant Eastern Christianity|Eastern Protestant Christian]] group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=News and Events|url=http://eecmy.org/eecmy/en/news-events|access-date=2020-07-17|website=eecmy.org|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211215408/http://eecmy.org/eecmy/en/news-events|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Apostolic Lutheran Church of America]]
* [[Association of Free Lutheran Congregations]]
* [[Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America]]
* [[Church of the Lutheran Confession]]
* [[Concordia Lutheran Conference]]
* [[Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church "Concord"]]
** [[American Association of Lutheran Churches]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of England]]
* [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of São Paulo]]
* [[Evangelical Lutheran Free Church (Germany)]]
* [[Evangelical Lutheran Synod]]
* [[Evangelical Lutheran Church - Synod of France and Belgium]]
* [[Evangelical Lutheran Diocese of North America]]
* [[General Lutheran Church]]
** [[Gutnius Lutheran Church]]
** [[Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church]]
** [[Japan Lutheran Church]]
* [[International Lutheran Council]]
* [[Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church]]
** [[Lanka Lutheran Church]]
* [[Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]
** [[Lutheran Church—Canada]]
** [[Lutheran Church—Hong Kong Synod]]
** [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]]
** [[Lutheran Church of Australia]]
* [[Lutheran Church of Central Africa Malawi Conference]]
* [[Lutheran Church of Central Africa Zambia Conference]]
* [[Lutheran Confessional Church]]
* [[Laestadian Lutheran Church]]
* [[Lutheran Church - International]]
* [[Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ]]
* [[Lutheran Ministerium and Synod - USA]]
* [[Lutheran World Federation]]
** [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church]]
** [[Arcot Lutheran Church]]
** [[Batak Christian Protestant Church]]
** [[Church of Denmark]]
** [[Church of the Faroe Islands]]
** [[Church of Iceland]]
** [[Church of Norway]]
** [[Church of Sweden]]
** [[Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church]]
** [[Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia]]
** [[Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea]]
** [[Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway]]
** [[Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam]]
** [[Indian Evangelical Lutheran Church]]
** [[Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church]]
** [[Lutheran Church of Australia]]
** [[Malagasy Lutheran Church]]
** [[Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church]]
** [[Simalungun Protestant Christian Church]]
** [[South Andhra Lutheran Church]]
** [[Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church]]
* [[North American Lutheran Church]]
* [[Old Apostolic Lutheran Church]]
* [[Ukrainian Lutheran Church]]
* [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]]
* [[The Lutheran Evangelical Protestant Church|Lutheran Evangelical Protestant Church]]
{{Div col end}}

===Radical Pietist===
{{main|Radical Pietism}}
Those who separated from established Lutheran churches to form their own denominations are known as Radical Pietists (as opposed to [[Pietism|Pietistic Lutherans]], who remain in the Lutheran churches (such as the [[Church of the Lutheran Brethren of America|Church of the Lutheran Brethren]]) and combine its emphasis on Biblical doctrine with the importance of individual piety and living a holy Christian life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pietism and the Brethren|url=https://www.cob-net.org/pietism.htm|access-date=2020-07-17|website=www.cob-net.org}}</ref> Although the Radical Pietists broke with Lutheranism, its influence on Anglicanism, in particular [[John Wesley]], led to the spawning of the [[Methodism|Methodist movement]].
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Amana Society]]
* [[Bible Fellowship Church]]
* [[Community of True Inspiration]]
* [[Evangelical Covenant Church]] 
* [[Evangelical Covenant Church of America]]
* [[Evangelical Free Church]]
** [[Evangelical Free Church of America]]
** [[Evangelical Free Church of Canada]]
** [[Evangelical Free Church of China]] (Hong Kong based)
** [[Evangelical Free Church of Japan]]
** [[Evangelical Free Church of Malaysia]]
** [[Evangelical Free Church of Singapore]]
* [[Temple Society]] (Templers)
* [[United Christian Church]] 
{{Div col end}}

===Reformed===
{{main|Calvinism|List of Reformed denominations}}
{{Calvinism}}
Calvinism, also known as the Reformed tradition or Reformed Protestantism is a movement which broke from the Catholic Church in the 16th century. Reformed Christianity is represented in the [[Continental Reformed]], [[Presbyterian]], and [[Congregationalist]] traditions, along with [[Evangelical Anglicanism|Reformed Anglican]] and [[Reformed Baptist]] denominations (the latter two are listed under the Anglican and Baptist sections of this article, respectively). Calvinism follows the theological traditions set down by [[John Calvin]], [[John Knox]] and other Reformation-era [[Protestant Reformers|theologians]]. Calvinists differ from Lutherans on the nature of the [[real presence of Christ in the Eucharist]], [[Regulative principle of worship|theories of worship]], and the [[Law and Gospel#Lutheran and Reformed differences|use of God's law for believers]], among other things. There are from 60 to 80 million Christians identifying as Reformed or Calvinist according to statistics gathered in 2018.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wcrc.ch/our-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027032357/http://wcrc.ch/our-story/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-10-27|title=About The World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC) :: World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC)|date=2014-10-27|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Andrew |title=Chinese Calvinism flourishes {{!}} Andrew Brown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2009/may/27/china-calvin-christianity |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=27 May 2009}}</ref> Including only full members, the [[World Communion of Reformed Churches]] numbered more than 100,000,000 members as of 2025.<ref group=upper-alpha name="WCRC"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wcrc.ch/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GC2017-Minutes-ES.pdf|title=Minutes of 26th Assembly of the World Communion of Reformed Churches|accessdate=July 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619143414/http://wcrc.ch/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GC2017-Minutes-ES.pdf|archivedate=June 19, 2022|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 18, 2022 |title=Reformed Churches open office in Rome |url=https://cne.news/article/1574-reformed-churches-open-office-in-rome|accessdate=May 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 18, 2022 |title=Reformed churches: theology in the service of justice |url=https://lutheranworld.org/news/reformed-churches-theology-service-justice|accessdate=May 23, 2025}}</ref> It is the largest<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/121105-wgrk-252170|title=World Communion of Reformed Churches to move to Hanover|date=November 5, 2012| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325182417/https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/121105-wgrk-252170|archivedate=March 25, 2025|accessdate=June 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/weltgemeinschaft-reformierter-kirchen-von-hannover-um-die-100.html|title=Weltgemeinschaft Reformierter Kirchen: Von Hannover um die Welt|date=September 26, 2019| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930001616/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/weltgemeinschaft-reformierter-kirchen-von-hannover-um-die-100.html|archivedate=September 30, 2022|accessdate=June 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reformiert.de/nachricht/weltgemeinschaft-reformierter-kirchen-in-hannover-begruesst-1583.html|title=Weltgemeinschaft Reformierter Kirchen in Hannover begrüßt|date=January 12, 2014| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620215022/https://www.reformiert.de/nachricht/weltgemeinschaft-reformierter-kirchen-in-hannover-begruesst-1583.html|archivedate=June 20, 2025|accessdate=June 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pcusa.org/news-storytelling/news/2019/9/24/world-communion-reformed-churches-leader-visits-church-usa|title=World Communion of Reformed Churches leader visits Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.):President Najla Kassab meets with church leadership and staff|date=September 24, 2019|author=Rick Jones|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428222537/https://pcusa.org/news-storytelling/news/2019/9/24/world-communion-reformed-churches-leader-visits-church-usa|archivedate=April 28, 2025|accessdate=June 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lecsakereke.wordpress.com/about-us/partners/|title=Kereke Ea Evangeli Lesotho e Boroa Ho Afrika: Partners & Associations|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217025857/https://lecsakereke.wordpress.com/about-us/partners/|archivedate=February 17, 2025|accessdate=June 20, 2025}}</ref> or second largest Protestant community in the world.<ref group=upper-alpha name="WCRC1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/about/anglican-communion|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730221518/https://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/about/anglican-communion|archivedate=July 30, 2020|title=The Anglican Communion:One family united around Jesus Christ|accessdate=June 4, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-13 |title=What Is the Church of England, and Who Are the Anglicans? |url=https://www.ncregister.com/cna/what-is-the-church-of-england-and-who-are-the-anglicans |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=NCR |language=en}}</ref>

====Continental Reformed churches====
{{main|Continental Reformed church}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Afrikaans Protestant Church]]
* [[Canadian and American Reformed Churches]]
* [[Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa]]
* [[Evangelical Reformed Church in Bavaria and Northwestern Germany]]
* [[Christian Reformed Church in Sierra Leone]]
* [[Christian Reformed Church in South Africa]]
* [[Evangelical Reformed Church of Christ]]
* [[Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria]]
* [[Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands]]
* [[Christian Reformed Churches of Australia]]
* [[Dutch Reformed Church]] (joined the Protestant Church in the Netherlands in 2004)
* [[Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana]]
* [[Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa - NG Church]]
* [[Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches]]
* [[Free Reformed Churches of Australia]]
* [[Free Reformed Churches of North America]]
* [[Free Reformed Churches of South Africa]]
* [[Heritage Reformed Congregations]]
* [[Netherlands Reformed Churches]]
* [[Netherlands Reformed Congregations]]
* [[Nigeria Reformed Church]]
* [[Orthodox Christian Reformed Church]]
* [[Polish Reformed Church]]
* [[Protestant Church in the Netherlands]]
* [[Protestant Church in Western Indonesia]]
* [[Protestant Reformed Christian Church in Croatia]]
* [[Protestant Reformed Church of Luxembourg]]
* [[Protestant Reformed Churches in America]]
* [[Reformed Christian Calvinist Church in Croatia]]
* [[Reformed Christian Church in Serbia]]
* [[Reformed Church in America]]
* [[Reformed Church in Austria]]
* [[Reformed Church in Hungary]]
* [[Reformed Church in Latvia]]
* [[Reformed Church in Romania]]
* [[Reformed Church in Transcarpathia]]
* [[Reformed Church in the United States]]
* [[Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria]]
* [[Reformed Church of East Africa]]
* [[Reformed Church of France]]
* [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands]]
* [[Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated)]]
* [[Reformed Churches of New Zealand]]
* [[Reformed Synod of Denmark]]
* [[Restored Reformed Church]]
* [[United Church of Christ]]
* [[United Reformed Church]]
* [[United Reformed Church in Congo]]
* [[United Reformed Churches in North America]]
* [[Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa]]
{{Div col end}}

====Presbyterianism====
{{main|Presbyterianism}}
{{see also|List of Presbyterian denominations in North America}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Associated Presbyterian Churches]]
* [[Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Mexico]]
* [[Bible Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Christian Reformed Churches]]
* [[Christian Reformed Church in North America]]
* [[Church of Central Africa Presbyterian]]
* [[Church of Scotland]]
* [[Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches]]
* [[Conservative Presbyterian Church in Brazil]]
* [[Costa Rican Evangelical Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Covenant Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Cumberland Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America]]
* [[Didasko]]
* [[Evangelical and Reformed Church in Honduras]]
* [[Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian and Reformed Church in Peru]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (Australia)]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Malawi]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Ukraine]]
* [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)]]
* [[Evangelical Union (Scotland)]]
* [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)]]
* [[Free Church of Scotland (post 1900)]]
* [[Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)]]
* [[St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church (denomination)|St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Argentina)]]
* [[Free Presbyterian Church (Australia)]]
* [[Free Presbyterian Church of North America]]
* [[Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland]]
* [[Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster]]
* [[Fundamentalist Presbyterian Church in Brazil]]
* [[Grace Presbyterian Church of New Zealand]]
* [[Greek Evangelical Church]]
* [[Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil]]
* [[International Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church]]
* [[National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala]]
* [[National Presbyterian Church in Chile]]
* [[National Presbyterian Church in Mexico]]
* [[National Union of Independent Reformed Evangelical Churches of France]]
* [[Original Secession Church]]
* [[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in America]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Canada]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Chile]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Honduras]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Ireland]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Korea (HapDong)]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin)]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Korea (TongHap)]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Liberia]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Malaysia]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Singapore]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Sudan]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Taiwan]]
* [[Presbyterian Church in Uganda]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Africa]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Australia]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Belize]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Brazil]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of East Africa]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia]]
*[[Presbyterian Church of England]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Ghana]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of India]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Mozambique]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Nigeria]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Pakistan]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of the Philippines]]
* [[Presbyterian Church of Wales]]
* [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]]
* [[Presbyterian Reformed Church (Australia)]]
* [[Reformed Evangelical Church in Myanmar]]
*[[Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church, General Synod]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America]]
* [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland]]
*[[Relief Church]]
* [[Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil]]
* [[Southern Presbyterian Church (Australia)]]
* [[Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church]]
*[[United Free Church of Scotland]]
*[[United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)]]
* [[United Presbyterian Church of Brazil]]
* [[United Presbyterian Church of North America]]
* [[United Presbyterian Church of Pakistan]]
* [[Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa]]
*[[United Secession Church]]
* [[Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church]]
* [[Westminster Presbyterian Church of Australia]]
{{Div col end}}

====Congregationalism====
{{main|Congregational church}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Church of Niue]]
* [[Church of Tuvalu]]
* [[Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa]]
* [[Congregational Christian Church in Samoa]]
* [[Congregational Christian Churches in Canada]]
* [[Congregational Federation]]
* [[Congregational Federation of Australia]]
*[[Congregational Union of England and Wales]]
* [[Congregational Union of Ireland]]
* [[Congregational Union of New Zealand]]
*[[Congregational Union of Scotland]]
* [[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference]]
* [[Cook Islands Christian Church]]
* [[Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola]]
* [[Evangelical Congregational Church in Argentina]]
* [[Evangelical Congregational Church in Brazil]]
* [[Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches]]
* [[Fellowship of Congregational Churches]]  (Australia)
* [[Kiribati Protestant Church]]
* [[National Association of Congregational Christian Churches]]
* [[Nauru Congregational Church]]
* [[Reformed Congregational Churches]]
* [[Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Brazil]]
* [[Union of Evangelical Congregational Churches in Bulgaria]]
* [[United Church in the Solomon Islands]]
* [[United Church of Christ-Congregational in the Marshall Islands]]
* [[United Congregational Church of Southern Africa]]
{{Div col end}}

===Anglican===
{{main|Anglicanism}}
{{Anglicanism}}
Anglicanism or Episcopalianism has referred to itself as the ''[[via media]]'' between Lutheranism and Reformed Christianity,<ref name="AEH2003">{{cite book|title=Anglican and Episcopal History|year=2003|publisher=Historical Society of the Episcopal Church|language=en|page=15|quote=Others had made similar observations, Patrick McGrath commenting that the Church of England was not a middle way between Roman Catholic and Protestant, but "between different forms of Protestantism," and William Monter describing the Church of England as "a unique style of Protestantism, a via media between the Reformed and Lutheran traditions." MacCulloch has described Cranmer as seeking a middle way between Zurich and Wittenberg but elsewhere remarks that the Church of England was "nearer Zurich and Geneva than Wittenberg.}}</ref> as well as between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Whatever happened to the Anglican Via Media?|url=https://anglicancompass.com/whatever-happened-to-the-anglican-via-media/|last=Bevins|first=Winfield|date=2018-01-30|website=Anglican Compass|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Via Media|url=https://episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/via-media|date=2012-05-22|website=Episcopal Church|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> The majority of Anglicans consider themselves part of the [[Four Marks of the Church|one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church]] within the Anglican Communion. Anglicans or Episcopalians also self-identify as both [[Catholicity|Catholic]] and [[Calvinism|Reformed]]. Although the use of the term "Protestant" to refer to Anglicans was once common, it is controversial today, with some rejecting the label and others accepting it. Anglicans uniting in the Anglican Communion numbered over 85 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/index.cfm|title=Member Churches|publisher=Anglican Communion Office|website=www.anglicancommunion.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref> Tabulating each Anglican Communion-member, it grew to more than 94,613,000 members as of 2025, excluding the United churches, remaining the third-largest Christian communion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How much influence does the global Anglican Communion have in choosing the next Archbishop of Canterbury? |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2025/6-june/features/features/how-will-the-global-anglican-communion-be-represented-in-deciding-the-next-archbishop-of-canterbury |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=www.churchtimes.co.uk}}</ref>

====Anglican Communion====
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia]]
* [[Anglican Church in Central America]]
* [[Anglican Church in Japan]]
* [[Anglican Church of Australia]]
* [[Anglican Church of Bermuda]]
* [[Anglican Church of Canada]]
* [[Anglican Church of Kenya]]
* [[Anglican Church of Korea]]
* [[Anglican Church of Melanesia]]
* [[Anglican Church of Mexico]]
* [[Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea]]
* [[Anglican Church of South America]]
* [[Anglican Church of Southern Africa]]
* [[Anglican Church of Tanzania]]
* [[Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil]]
* [[Church in the Province of the West Indies]]
* [[Church in Wales]]
* [[Church of Ceylon]]
* [[Church of England]]
* [[Church of Ireland]]
* [[Church of Nigeria]]
* [[Church of the Province of Central Africa]]
* [[Church of the Province of Myanmar]]
* [[Church of the Province of South East Asia]]
* [[Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean]]
* [[Church of the Province of West Africa]]
* [[Church of Uganda]]
* [[Episcopal Church (United States)]]
* [[Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East]]
* [[Episcopal Church in the Philippines]]
* [[Episcopal Church of Cuba]]
* [[Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui|Hong Kong Anglican Church]]
* [[Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church]]
* [[Parish of the Falkland Islands]]
* [[Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi]]
* [[Province of the Anglican Church of Rwanda]]
* [[Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo]]
* [[Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan]]
* [[Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan]]
* [[Scottish Episcopal Church]]
* [[Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]]
;United and Uniting churches
* [[Church of Bangladesh]]
* [[Church of North India]]
* [[Church of Pakistan]]
* [[Church of South India]]
* [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]] ([[Protestant Eastern Christianity|Protestant Eastern Christian]])
{{div col end}}

====Other Anglican churches and Continuing Anglican movement====
{{main|Continuing Anglican movement}}
There are numerous churches following the Anglican tradition that are not in [[full communion]] with the Anglican Communion. Some churches split due to changes in the [[Book of Common Prayer]] and the [[Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion|ordination of women]], forming [[Anglo-Catholicism|Anglo-Catholic]], [[Anglican Papalism|Anglican Papal]] or [[Evangelical Anglicanism|Evangelical Anglican]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-31|title=Fellowship of Concerned Churchmen - Directory of Jurisdictions|url=http://www.anglicanchurches.net/jurisdictions.html|access-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131140728/http://www.anglicanchurches.net/jurisdictions.html|archive-date=31 January 2015}}</ref> A select few of these churches are recognized by certain individual provinces of the Anglican Communion.

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[African Orthodox Church]]
* [[Anglican Catholic Church]]
* [[Anglican Church in America]]
* [[Anglican Church in Brazil]]
* [[Anglican Church in North America]]
* [[Anglican Church of India]]
* [[Anglican Episcopal Church|Anglican Episcopal Church (USA)]]
* [[Anglican Mission in the Americas]]
* [[Anglican Orthodox Church]]
* [[Anglican Province of America]]
* [[Anglican Province of Christ the King]]
* [[Christian Episcopal Church]]
* [[Church of England (Continuing)]]
* [[Church of England in South Africa]]
* [[Diocese of the Holy Cross]]
* [[Episcopal Missionary Church]]
* [[Free Church of England]]
* [[Free Protestant Episcopal Church]]
* [[Independent Anglican Church Canada Synod]]
* [[Orthodox Anglican Church]]
* [[Reformed Episcopal Church]]
* [[Southern Episcopal Church]]
* [[The African Church]]
* [[United Episcopal Church of North America]]
{{Div col end}}

===Anabaptist===
{{main|Anabaptists}}
{{Anabaptist vertical}}
The Anabaptists trace their origins to the [[Radical Reformation]]. Alternative to other early Protestants, Anabaptists were seen as an early offshoot of Protestantism, although the view has been challenged by some{{who|date=January 2022}} Anabaptists.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/winckelmannswerk01winc|title=Winckelmann's Werke|last=Winckelmann|first=Johann Joachim|date=1808|publisher=Walther|language=de}}</ref> There were approximately 2.1 million Anabaptists as of 2015. Anabaptists are categorized into [[Old Order Anabaptism]] (such as the [[Old Brethren German Baptist]]), [[Conservative Anabaptism]] (such as the [[Conservative Mennonites|Pilgrim Mennonite Conference]], [[Beachy Amish]] and [[Dunkard Brethren Church]]), and mainline/assimilated Anabaptism.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
;[[Amish]] 
* [[Amish Mennonite]]
* [[Beachy Amish]]
* [[Kauffman Amish Mennonite]]
*[[Michigan Amish Churches]]
* [[Nebraska Amish]]
* [[New Order Amish]]
* [[Amish|Old Order Amish]]
* [[Swartzentruber Amish]]

;[[Hutterites]]
* [[Dariusleut]]
* [[Lehrerleut]]
* [[Schmiedeleut]]

; [[Mennonites]]
* [[Alliance of Mennonite Evangelical Congregations]]
* [[Biblical Mennonite Alliance]]
* [[Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches]]
* [[Chortitzer Mennonite Conference]]
* [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman Mennonites)
* [[Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India]]
* [[Evangelical Mennonite Church]]
* [[Evangelical Mennonite Conference]]
* [[Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference]]
* [[Evangelical Missionary Church]]
* [[Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches]]
* [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches]]
* [[Japan Mennonite Brethren Conference]]
* [[Kleine Gemeinde]]
* [[Markham-Waterloo Mennonite Conference]]
* [[Mennonite Brethren Churches]]
* [[Mennonite Church Canada]]
* [[Mennonites in the Netherlands|Mennonite Church in the Netherlands]]
* [[Mennonite Church USA]]
* [[Mennonite World Conference]]
* [[Missionary Church]]
* [[Noah Hoover Mennonite]]
* [[Ohio Wisler Mennonite]]
* [[Old Order Mennonites]]
* [[Reformed Mennonite]]
* [[Rosedale Network of Churches]]
* [[Swiss Mennonite Conference]]
* [[US Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches]]

; [[River Brethren]]
* [[Brethren in Christ Church]]
* [[Old Order River Brethren]]
* [[United Zion Church]]
* [[Wengerites]]

;[[Schwarzenau Brethren]]
* [[The Brethren Church]] (Ashland Brethren)
* [[Church of the Brethren]]
* [[Conservative Grace Brethren Churches, International]]
* [[Dunkard Brethren]]
* [[Ephrata Cloister]]
* [[Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches]]
* [[Old Brethren]]
* [[Old Brethren German Baptist]]
* [[Old German Baptist Brethren]]
* [[Old German Baptist Brethren, New Conference]]
* [[Old Order German Baptist Brethren]]

;Other Anabaptists
* [[Abecedarian]]s
* [[Apostolic Christian Church]]
*[[Batenburgers]]
* [[Bruderhof]]
* [[Charity Christian Fellowship]]
* [[Church of the United Brethren in Christ]]
*[[Clancularii]]
* [[Schwenkfelders]]
{{Div col end}}
===Baptist===
{{main|Baptists}}
{{see also|List of Baptist confessions|List of Baptist denominations|List of Reformed Baptist denominations}}
{{Baptist}}
Baptists emerged in 1609 under the teachings of [[John Smyth (English theologian)|John Smyth]], and along with Methodism, grew in size and influence after they sailed to the [[New World]] (the remaining Puritans who traveled to the New World were Congregationalists). Some Baptists fit strongly with the Reformed tradition theologically but not denominationally. Some Baptists also adopt [[Presbyterian polity|presbyterian]] and [[Episcopal polity|episcopal]] forms of governance. In 2018, there were about 75-105 million Baptists.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-protestant.aspx|title=Christian Traditions (Protestant)|date=2011-12-19|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en-US|archive-date=24 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724102611/http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-protestant.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://community.christianemergencynetwork.org/emergency-directory/business/alliances/baptist-world-alliance|title=Baptist World Alliance|last=McHatton|first=Misti|website=community.christianemergencynetwork.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-09-04|archive-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083138/http://community.christianemergencynetwork.org/emergency-directory/business/alliances/baptist-world-alliance|url-status=dead}}</ref> Of the Baptist demographic, 53 million are part of the Baptist World Alliance as of 2023, the seventh-largest Christian communion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Members |url=https://baptistworld.org/members/ |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Baptist World Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Alliance of Baptists]]
* [[All-Ukrainian Union of Churches of Evangelical Christian Baptists]]
* [[American Baptist Association]]
* [[American Baptist Churches USA]]
* [[Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland]]
* [[Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America]]
* [[Association of Regular Baptist Churches]]
* [[Baptist Bible Fellowship International]]
* [[Baptist Church of Christ]]
* [[Baptist Conference of the Philippines]]
* [[Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec]]
* [[Baptist Convention of Western Cuba]]
* [[Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy]]
* [[Baptist General Conference of Canada]]
* [[Baptist General Conference|Baptist General Conference (Sweden)]]
* [[Baptist General Convention of Texas]]
* [[Baptist Missionary Association of America]]
* [[Baptist Union of Australia]]
* [[Baptist Union of Great Britain]]
* [[Baptist Union of New Zealand]]
* [[Baptist Union of Scotland]]
* [[Baptist Union of Western Canada]]
* [[Brazilian Baptist Convention]]
* [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]]
* [[Canadian Convention of Southern Baptists]]
* [[Central Baptist Association]]
* [[Central Canada Baptist Conference]]
* [[Christian Baptist Church of God]]
* [[Christian Unity Baptist Association]]
* [[Conservative Baptist Association]]
* [[Conservative Baptist Association of America]]
* [[Continental Baptist Churches]]
* [[Convención Nacional Bautista de Mexico]]
* [[Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches]]
* [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]
* [[Cooperative Baptist Fellowship]]
* [[Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India]]
* [[European Baptist Federation]]
*[[Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea]]
* [[Evangelical Baptist Mission of South Haiti]]
* [[Fellowship of Evangelical Baptist Churches in Canada]]
* [[Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship]]
* [[Fundamental Baptist Fellowship of America]]
* [[General Association of Baptists]]
* [[General Association of General Baptists]]
* [[General Association of Regular Baptist Churches]]
* [[General Conference of the Evangelical Baptist Church, Inc.]]
* [[General Six-Principle Baptists]]
* [[Independent Baptist]]
** [[Independent Baptist Church of America]]
** [[Independent Baptist Fellowship International]]
** [[Independent Baptist Fellowship of North America]]
** [[Interstate & Foreign Landmark Missionary Baptist Association]]
* [[International Baptist Convention]]
* [[Landmark Baptist Church]]
* [[Liberty Baptist Fellowship]]
* [[Lott Carey Foreign Mission Convention]]
* [[Manipur Baptist Convention]]
* [[Myanmar Baptist Convention]]
* [[Nagaland Baptist Church Council]]
* [[National Association of Free Will Baptists]]
* [[National Baptist Convention, Brazil]]
* [[National Baptist Convention of America]]
* [[National Baptist Convention, USA]]
* [[National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the U.S.A.]]
* [[National Missionary Baptist Convention of America]]
* [[National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.]]
* [[Nazareth Baptist Church]]
* [[New England Evangelical Baptist Fellowship]]
* [[New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist]]
** [[Faithful Word Baptist Church]]
* [[Nigerian Baptist Convention]]
* [[North American Baptist Conference]]
* [[North Bank Baptist Christian Association]]
* [[Norwegian Baptist Union]]
* [[Old Baptist Union]]
* [[Progressive National Baptist Convention]]
* [[Regular Baptist Churches, General Association of]]
* [[Russian Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists]]
* [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]]
* [[Separate Baptists in Christ]]
* [[Southeast Conservative Baptist]]
* [[Southern Baptist Convention]]
* [[Southern Baptists of Texas]]
* [[Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists]]
* [[Union D'Eglises Baptistes Francaises Au Canada|Union d'Églises baptistes françaises au Canada]]
* [[Union of Christian Baptist Churches in Serbia]]
* [[United American Free Will Baptist Church]]
* [[United American Free Will Baptist Conference]]
* [[United Baptist Convention of the Atlantic Provinces]]
* [[Westboro Baptist Church]]
* [[World Baptist Fellowship]]
{{Div col end}}

====Baptist movements====
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
*[[Bapticostal movement|Bapticostalism]]
*[[General Baptists|General Baptist]]
**[[Free Will Baptist]]
***[[United Free Will Baptist]]
*Holiness Baptists 
**[[Ohio Valley Association of the Christian Baptist Churches of God]]
*[[Independent Baptist]]
** [[New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist]]
*[[Church of Christ, Instrumental|Kelleyites]]
*[[Missionary Baptists|Missionary Baptist]]
*[[Progressive Baptists|Progressive Baptist]]
*[[Reformed Baptists|Calvinistic (Reformed) Baptist]]
**[[Grace Baptist]]
** [[Primitive Baptist]]
*** [[Primitive Baptist Universalism]]
**[[Reformed Baptists#Strict Baptists|Particular Baptist]]
**[[Reformed Baptists#Strict Baptists|Strict Baptist]]
**[[Regular Baptists|Regular Baptist]]
***[[Old Regular Baptists|Old Regular Baptist]]
*[[Separate Baptists]]
* [[Seventh Day Baptists]]
* [[Spiritual Baptist]]
*[[United Baptist]]
{{Div col end}}

===Methodist===
{{main|Methodism|List of Methodist denominations}}
{{further|Holiness movement|Wesleyan theology|Conservative holiness movement}}
{{Methodism}}
The Methodist movement emerged out the work of Anglican priest [[John Wesley]], who taught a personal conversion to Christ (the [[Born again#Methodism|New Birth]]) and holiness of heart.<ref name="Danker2024">{{cite web |last1=Danker |first1=Ryan N. |title=A Wesleyan Account of Sanctifying Grace |url=https://seedbed.com/a-wesleyan-account-of-sanctifying-grace/ |publisher=Seedbed |access-date=1 July 2024 |date=15 February 2024}}</ref> Calling it "the grand depositum" of the Methodist faith, Wesley specifically taught that the propagation of the doctrine of [[entire sanctification]] was the reason that God raised up the Methodists in the world.<ref name="DaviesGeorge2017"/> While some Methodists retained the [[bishop (Methodism)|episcopacy]] (such as the [[Free Methodist Church]], [[Global Methodist Church]] and [[United Methodist Church]]), others, such as the [[Congregational Methodist Church]] have a [[congregational polity]]. Methodists were among the first Christians to accept [[Ordination of women|women's ordination]] since the [[Montanism|Montanists]]. Some 60-80 million Christians are Methodists, and 33,679,626 were members of the [[World Methodist Council]] as of 2024 (the eighth-largest communion).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://worldmethodistcouncil.org/about/member-churches/|title=Member Churches|date=2012-08-20|work=World Methodist Council|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.methodist.org.uk/who-we-are/membership|title=Membership|website=www.methodist.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-09-04|archive-date=17 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317003456/http://methodist.org.uk/who-we-are/membership|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[holiness movement]] emerged within Methodism in the 19th century.{{efn-ua|The vast majority of denominations aligned with the [[holiness movement]] are Methodist, with the largest ones belonging to the [[World Methodist Council]], such as the [[Free Methodist Church]], [[Global Methodist Church]], [[Wesleyan Church|Wesleyan Methodist Church]], and the [[Church of the Nazarene]], along with a significant holiness contingent in other Methodist denominations, such as the [[African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church]].<ref name="FahlbuschBromiley1999"/> The holiness movement did affect other non-Methodist denominations as well, including Anabaptists, Baptists, Quakers and Restorationists; the [[Brethren in Christ Church]] is an example of a [[River Brethren]] Anabaptist denomination aligned with the holiness movement, while the [[Central Yearly Meeting of Friends]] is an example of a Quaker denomination aligned with the holiness movement.<ref name="AngellDandelionWatt2023">{{cite book |last1=Angell |first1=Stephen W. |last2=Dandelion |first2=Pink |last3=Watt |first3=David Harrington |title=The Creation of Modern Quaker Diversity, 1830–1937 |date=28 April 2023 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-09576-9 |page=6 |language=en}}</ref> For those denominations, see the relevant section, such as those discussing Anabaptism and Quakerism.}} {{As of|2015}}, churches of the movement had an estimated 12 million adherents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Holiness churches |url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/holiness-churches |access-date=2018-09-05 |website=World Council of Churches |language=en}}</ref> As Methodist denominations have historically preached two works of grace taught by John Wesley, (1) New Birth and (2) entire sanctification, and many denominations aligned with the holiness movement use Methodist in their name, it is difficult to draw a line between Holiness Methodist denominations and those not aligned with the holiness movement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Holiness Family |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chapter-8-holiness-family |publisher=[[Infonautics]] |access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="Sanders2013">{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Fred |title=Wesley on the Christian Life: The Heart Renewed in Love |date=31 August 2013 |publisher=Crossway |isbn=978-1-4335-2487-5 |page=209 |language=en |quote=Wesley's understanding of the normative Christian experience was that after conversion, believers would have a gradual expansion of their knowledge and understanding of their own sin and of God's holiness. With the regenerate nature working within them, the increasing awareness of spiritual reality would produce a mounting tension, with greater grief over sin an greater desire to be delivered from it. Then, at a time and in a manner that pleased him, God would answer the Christian's faithful prayer for a deliverance from indwelling sin. Wesley thought this change happened in a moment, just like regeneration itself, although Methodists reported different levels of awareness of it: "an instantaneous change has been wrought in some believers," but "in some...they did not perceive the instant when it was wrought." The pattern was event-process-event-process; conversion, gradual growth, entire sanctification, then more gradual growth. Concluding his 1764 review of the subject, Wesley wrote, "All our Preachers should make a point of preaching perfection to believers constantly, strongly, and explicitly; and all believers should mind this one thing, and continually agonize for it." An in letters through the 1770s, we hear Wesley urging that: "Never be ashamed of the old Methodist doctrine. Press all believers to go on to perfection. Insist everywhere on the second blessing as receivable now, by simple faith." There are several threads woven together in the Wesleyan teaching on Christian perfection. Everything Wesley has taught about the distinction between justification and sanctification, of regeneration as initial sanctification, and about the Christian life as being normed and formed by the law comes together here. To this are joined new threads such as the idea of a second definite work of grace subsequent to conversion, and the need to ask God for that second blessing. But the dominant theme in Wesley's teaching on Christian perfection is the renewed heart.}}</ref> For example, the Free Methodist Church and the [[Church of the Nazarene]] are widely regarded as being aligned with the holiness movement and are core members of the World Methodist Council, along with denominations with mixed churchmanship, such as the United Methodist Church.<ref name="FahlbuschBromiley1999">{{cite book |last1=Fahlbusch |first1=Erwin |last2=Bromiley |first2=Geoffrey William |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |date=1999 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-2415-8 |page=513 |language=en |quote=Some denominations belonging to the World Methodist Council are international in character. These bodies are the United Methodist Church, Wesleyan Church, Free Methodist Church, Church of the Nazarene, and three historic black denominations—the African Methodist Episcopal, African Methodist Episcopal Zion, and Christian Methodist Episcopal Churches.}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]]
* [[African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church]]
* [[Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection]]
* [[Bible Methodist Connection of Churches]]
* [[British Methodist Episcopal Church]]
* [[Christian Methodist Episcopal Church]]
* [[Christ's Sanctified Holy Church]]
* [[Church of Christ (Holiness) U.S.A.]]
* [[Church of God (Holiness)]]
* [[Church of God by Faith]]
* [[Church of the Nazarene]]
* [[Congregational Methodist Church]]
* [[Evangelical Church of the Dominican Republic]]
* [[Evangelical Methodist Church]]
* [[Evangelical Methodist Church of America]]
* [[Fellowship of Fundamental Bible Churches]]
* [[First Congregational Methodist Church]]
* [[Free Methodist Church]]
* [[Fundamental Methodist Conference]]
* [[Global Methodist Church]]
* [[Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Church|Holiness Methodist Church]]
* [[Methodist Church in Brazil]]
* [[Methodist Church in India]]
* [[Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma]]
* [[Methodist Church of Great Britain]]
* [[Methodist Church of Malaysia]]
* [[Methodist Church of New Zealand]]
* [[Methodist Church of Southern Africa]]
* [[Primitive Methodist Church]]
* [[Southern Methodist Church]]
* [[The Salvation Army]]
* [[United Methodist Church]]
* [[:pt:Igreja Metodista Wesleyana|Wesleyan Methodist Church (Brazil)]]
* [[Wesleyan Church]]
** [[Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia]]
{{Div col end}}

====Albright Brethren====
The [[Albright Brethren]] were organized under the leadership of [[Jacob Albright]], who converted to Methodism and preached to German-speaking people. Although the majority of the Albright Brethren merged with the [[Church of the United Brethren in Christ|United Brethren]], two extant bodies continue today:
*[[Evangelical Church (ECNA)]]
*[[Evangelical Association]]

===Evening Light===
Churches of the Evening Light Reformation in 1880 emerged under the direction of [[Daniel Sidney Warner]], and while they emerged under the influence of the [[holiness movement]], they adhere to a position of antidenominationalism.<ref name="Goff2010">{{cite book |last1=Goff |first1=Philip |title=The Blackwell Companion to Religion in America |date=25 March 2010 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-2409-9 |page=574 |language=en}}</ref> Classified as ''Holiness Restorationists'', the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) was the original work founded by Warner and its conservative holiness offshoot is the Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma).<ref name="Melton1987">{{cite book |last1=Melton |first1=J. Gordon |title=The Encyclopedia of American Religions |date=1987 |publisher=Gale Research Company |isbn=978-0-8103-2133-5 |page=287 |language=English |quote=In doctrine and practice the Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma) is almost identical with the Church of God (Anderson, Indiana), but it is stricter in its practice of holiness and refusal to compromise with the world.}}</ref> While the Church of God (Restoration) is listed here, it is distinguished from the two aforementioned bodies by unique doctrines that have taken it in a direction of its own.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indianapolis Monthly |date=2005 |publisher=Emmis Communications |page=256-257 |language=en}}</ref> 
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)]]
* [[Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma)]]
* [[Church of God (Restoration)]]
{{Div col end}}

===Keswickian===
{{Main|Higher Life movement}}
The [[Higher Life movement]] emerged in the United Kingdom and emphasized the importance of [[Sanctification in Christianity#Keswickianism|sanctification]], "the deeper and higher life".<ref name="SannerHarper1978">{{cite book |last1=Sanner |first1=A. Elwood |last2=Harper |first2=Albert Foster |title=Exploring Christian Education |date=1978 |publisher=Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City |isbn=978-0-8341-0494-5 |page=101 |language=en}}</ref> It became popularized through the [[Keswick Convention]]s; [[William Boardman|W.E. Boardman]]'s Keswickian theology had an influence on [[Albert Benjamin Simpson|A.B. Simpson]], who established the Christian and Missionary Alliance.<ref name="BurgessMaas2010">{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Stanley M. |last2=Maas |first2=Eduard M. van der |title=The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements: Revised and Expanded Edition |date=3 August 2010 |publisher=Zondervan |isbn=978-0-310-87335-8 |language=English |quote=A.B. Simpson, founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA), influenced by A.J. Gordon and W.E. Boardman, adopted a Keswickian understanding of sanctification.}}</ref>
*[[Alliance World Fellowship]]
*[[Borneo Evangelical Church|Borneo Evangelical Church (SIb Malaysia)]]
*[[Christian and Missionary Alliance]]

===Quaker===
{{Main|Quakers}}
{{Quakers vertical}}
Quakers, or Friends, originated under the work of [[George Fox]], who taught personal conversion to Christ, along with the doctrine of [[Christian perfection]].<ref name="Dandelion2008">Dandelion, Pink, 'Who are the Quakers?', The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction, Very Short Introductions (Oxford, 2008; online edn, Oxford Academic, 24 Sept. 2013)</ref><ref name="Stewart1992">{{cite book |last1=Stewart |first1=Kathleen Anne |title=The York Retreat in the Light of the Quaker Way: Moral Treatment Theory: Humane Therapy Or Mind Control? |date=1992 |publisher=William Sessions |isbn=978-1-85072-089-8 |language=en|quote=On the other hand, Fox believed that perfectionism and freedom from sin were possible in this world.}}</ref> The Friends have historically held that Christians are guided by the [[inward light]] to "make the witness of God" known to everyone.<ref name="Charles2015">{{cite book|last=Hodge|first=Charles|title=Systematic Theology|date=12 March 2015|publisher=Delmarva Publications, Inc.|language=en|page=137|quote=This spiritual illumination is peculiar to the true people of God; the inward light, in which the Quakers believe, is common to all men. The design and effect of the "inward light" are the communication of new truth, or of truth not objectively revealed, as well as the spiritual discernment of the truths of Scripture. The design and effect of spiritual illumination are the proper apprehension of truth already speculatively known. Secondly. By the inner light the orthodox Quakers understand the supernatural influence of the Holy Spirit, concerning which they teach, – (1.) That it is given to all men. (2.) That it not only convinces of sin, and enables the soul to apprehend aright the truths of Scripture, but also communicates a knowledge of "the mysteries of salvation." ... The orthodox Friends teach concerning this inward light, as has been already shown, that it is subordinate to the Holy Scriptures, inasmuch as the Scriptures are the infallible rule of faith and practice, and everything contrary thereto is to be rejected as false and destructive.}}</ref> 

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Conservative Friends]]
* [[Central Yearly Meeting of Friends]]
* [[Friends United Meeting]]
* [[Evangelical Friends Church International]]
* [[Friends General Conference]]
* [[New Foundation Fellowship]]
* [[Britain Yearly Meeting]]
* [[Beanite Quakerism]]
* [[Quakers#Hicksite–Orthodox_split| Hicksite/Orthodox]]

{{Div col end}}

====Shaker====
{{Main|Shakers}}
The [[United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing]] was founded by [[Jane Wardley]], [[Ann Lee]], and [[Lucy Wright]] in 1747. At present, one active Shaker community remains, the [[Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village]].<ref name="Williams2016">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Kevin |title=A few good Shakers wanted |url=https://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/5/3/last-shakers-hope-novice-can-revive-communal-society.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625182454/https://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/5/3/last-shakers-hope-novice-can-revive-communal-society.html |date=3 May 2015|archivedate=25 June 2016}}</ref>

===Plymouth Brethren===
{{main|Plymouth Brethren}}Plymouth Brethren is a conservative, [[low church]], [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|non-conformist]], [[evangelical]] Christian movement whose history can be traced to [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]], in the late 1820s, originating from Anglicanism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://brethrenonline.org/faqs/Brethren.htm|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160518150855/http://brethrenonline.org/faqs/Brethren.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 May 2016|title=Arquivo.pt|website=arquivo.pt|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Exclusive Brethren]]
* [[Indian Brethren]]
* [[Kerala Brethren]] Assembly
* [[Open Brethren]]
* Church Assembly Hall, one of the [[Chinese Independent Churches]]
* [[Gospel Hall Brethren]] or [[Gospel Hall Assemblies]]
* [[Needed Truth Brethren]] or The Churches of God
{{Div col end}}

===Irvingist===
{{Main|Catholic Apostolic Church}}
The Catholic Apostolic churches were born out of the 1830s revival started in London by the teachings of [[Edward Irving]], and out of the resultant Catholic Apostolic Church movement.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catholic Apostolic Church|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0810873.html#axzz0xIH0GuVx|access-date=2018-09-05|website=InfoPlease|language=en}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=}}
* [[Catholic Apostolic Church]]
** [[New Apostolic Church]]
*** [[United Apostolic Church]]
** [[Old Apostolic Church]]
** [[Restored Apostolic Mission Church]]
{{Div col end}}

===Pentecostal and Charismatic===
{{further|Pentecostalism|Charismatic Christianity}}
{{see also|#Oneness Pentecostalism}}
{{Anchor|Pentecostalism}}
{{Pentecostalism}}
Pentecostalism and Charismatic Christianity began in the 1900s. The two movements emphasize direct personal experience of [[God in Christianity|God]] through [[Baptism with the Holy Spirit#Classical Pentecostalism|baptism with the Holy Spirit]]. They represent some of the largest growing movements in Protestant Christianity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2006/10/05/spirit-and-power/|title=Spirit and Power - A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals|date=2006-10-05|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref> Pentecostalism is divided between its original branch, [[Holiness Pentecostalism]] (which teaches three works of grace) and [[Finished Work Pentecostalism]] (which views sanctification only in a progressive manner). Oneness Pentecostalism, which rejects the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, split from Finished Work Pentecostalism and is covered in its own section in this article. The [[charismatic movement]] was established within historic denominational traditions due to influence from Pentecostalism, e.g. the [[Catholic Charismatic Renewal]] in Roman Catholicism. According to the [[Pew Research Center]], Pentecostals and Charismatics numbered some 280 million people in 2011.<ref name="Christian Traditions"/>

====Holiness Pentecostalism====
{{Main|Holiness Pentecostalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Apostolic Faith Church]]
* [[Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God]]
* [[Calvary Holiness Association]]
* [[Christ Gospel Churches International]]
* [[Church of God (Charleston, Tennessee)]]
* [[Church of God (Chattanooga)]]
* [[Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)]]
* [[The Church of God for All Nations]]
* [[Church of God (Full Gospel) in India]]
* [[Church of God, House of Prayer]]
* [[Church of God (Huntsville, Alabama)]]
* [[Church of God in Christ]]
* [[The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)|Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)]]
* [[Church of God Mountain Assembly]]
* [[Church of God of the Original Mountain Assembly]]
* [[Church of God of the Union Assembly]]
* [[Church of God of Prophecy]]
* [[Church of God with Signs Following]]
* [[Congregational Holiness Church]]
* [[Deeper Life Bible Church]]
* [[Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas]]
* [[Holiness Baptist Association]]
* [[Indonesian Bethel Church]]
* [[International Pentecostal Holiness Church]]
* [[Mount Sinai Holy Church of America]]
* [[Pentecostal Free Will Baptist Church]]
* [[Redeemed Christian Church of God]]
* [[United Holy Church of America]]
{{div col end}}

====Finished Work Pentecostalism====
{{Main|Finished Work Pentecostalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Apostolic Church (1916 denomination)|Apostolic Church]]
* [[Apostolic Church of Pentecost]]
* [[Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa]]
* [[Assemblies of God]]
* [[Associated Brotherhood of Christians]]
* [[Brazil for Christ Pentecostal Church]]
* [[Celestial Church of Christ]]
* [[Christian Church of North America]]
* [[Christian Congregation in Brazil]]
* [[Christian_Congregation_(Pentecostal)#United_States|Christian Congregation in the United States]]
* [[CRC Churches International]]
* [[Destiny Church (New Zealand)|Destiny Church]]
* [[Elim Pentecostal Church]]
* [[Evangelical Pentecostal Church of Besançon]]
* [[The Foursquare Church]]
* [[Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost]]
* [[God is Love Pentecostal Church|God Is Love Pentecostal Church]]
* [[Igreja Unida]]
* [[Independent Assemblies of God, International]]
* [[Indian Pentecostal Church of God]]
* [[International Assemblies of God Fellowship]]
* [[International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies]]
* [[International Pentecostal Church of Christ]]
* [[Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide]]
* [[:pt:Igreja Cristã Maranata|Maranatha Christian Church]]
* [[New Life Churches]]
* [[Open Bible Standard Churches]]
* [[Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada]]
* [[Pentecostal Assemblies of God of America]]
* [[Pentecostal Church in Indonesia]]
* [[Pentecostal Church of God]]
* [[The Pentecostal Mission]]
* [[Potter's House Christian Fellowship]]
* [[Revival Centres International]]
* [[The Revival Fellowship]]
* [[Soldiers of the Cross Church]]
* [[United Gospel Tabernacles]]

{{div col end}}

====Charismatics====
{{main|Charismatic Christianity}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Bethany Indonesian Church]]
* [[Calvary Chapel]]
* [[C3 Church Global]]
* [[Charisma Christian Church]]
* [[Christian Assemblies International]]
* [[Christian Open Door Church]]
* [[City Harvest Church]]
* [[Every Nation]]
* [[Hillsong Church]]
* [[International Christian Fellowship]]
* [[Jesus Army]]
* [[Ministries Without Borders]]
* [[Sovereign Grace Church]]
* [[:pt:Igreja Metodista Wesleyana| Wesleyan Methodist Church (Brazil)]]
{{Div col end}}

====Neo-charismatic movement====
{{Main|Neo-charismatic movement}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Association of Vineyard Churches]]
* [[Bible Christian Mission]]
* [[Born Again Movement]]
* [[Christ Embassy]]
* [[Church on the Rock- International]]
* [[Destiny Church Groningen]]
* [[El Lugar de Su Presencia]]
* [[Apostolic Church Fullness of God's Throne|Fullness of God's Throne Apostolic Church]]
* [[International Grace of God Church]]
* [[New Life Fellowship Association]]
* [[Newfrontiers]]
* [[Reborn in Christ Church]]
* [[:pt:Bola de Neve Church|Snowball Church]]
* [[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]]
* [[World Church of God's Power]]
{{Div col end}}

===Convergence===
{{Main|Convergence Movement}}

The Convergence Movement originated from "The Chicago Call" in 1977, urging evangelical Protestants to reconnect with the liturgical historic roots of the Christian Church.<ref>Hopkins, Joseph (April 21, 1978). "Schism in the Order". ''Christianity Today''. Vol. 22 no. 14. p. 45.</ref> It emphasizes the convergence of [[sacramental]], [[evangelical]], and [[charismatic]] streams;<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kurian|first1=George Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73xfDQAAQBAJ&q=The+Three+Streams%2C+One+River%3F+September+1984&pg=PA630|title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States|last2=Lamport|first2=Mark A.|date=2016-11-10|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-4432-0|language=en}}</ref> promoting biblical fidelity, creedal identity, and church unity.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Apostolic Pastoral Congress]]
* [[Charismatic Episcopal Church]]
* [[Communion of Evangelical Episcopal Churches]]
* [[Continuing Evangelical Episcopal Communion]]
* [[Evangelical Episcopal Communion]]
* [[Timothy Paul Baymon|Holy Communion of Churches]]
* [[Union of Charismatic Orthodox Churches]]
{{Div col end}}

===Uniting and united===
{{Main|United and uniting churches}}
These united or uniting churches are the result of a merger between distinct denominational churches (e.g., Lutherans, Anglicans, Presbyterians and the Continental Reformed churches). As [[ecumenism]] progresses, unions between various Protestants are becoming more and more common, resulting in a growing number of united and uniting churches. Major examples of uniting churches are the United Protestant Church of France (2013) and the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (2004).<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Protestant Church of France |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/united-protestant-church-of-france |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=World Council of Churches |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1948 |title=Protestant Church in the Netherlands |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/protestant-church-in-the-netherlands |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=World Council of Churches |language=en}}</ref> Churches are listed here when their disparate heritage marks them as inappropriately listed in the particular categories above.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[China Christian Council]]
* [[Church of Bangladesh]] 
* [[Church of North India]] 
* [[Church of Pakistan]] 
* [[Church of South India]] 
* [[Evangelical Association of Reformed and Congregational Christian Churches]]
* [[Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren]]
* [[Federation of Evangelical Churches in Italy]]
* [[Kiribati Uniting Church]] (former Congregationalists)
* [[Protestant Church in Germany]]
* [[Protestant Church in the Netherlands]]
* [[St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India]]
* [[Three-Self Patriotic Movement]]
* [[Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches]]
* [[United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands]]
* [[United Church in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands]]
* [[United Church of Canada]]
* [[United Church of Christ]]
* [[United Church of Christ in Japan]]
* [[United Church of Christ in the Philippines]]
* [[United Protestant Church of France]]
* [[Uniting Church in Australia]]
{{Div col end}}

===Stone–Campbellite ===
{{main|Stone–Campbell Movement}}
Nondenominational Christianity arose in the 18th century through the [[Restoration Movement|Stone–Campbell Movement]], with followers organizing themselves simply as "[[Christians (Stone Movement)|Christians]]" and "[[Disciples of Christ (Campbell Movement)|Disciples of Christ]]".{{efn-ua|The first nondenominational Christian churches which emerged through the [[Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement]] are tied to associations such as the [[Churches of Christ]] or the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]].<ref name="Hughes1997"/><ref name="Barnett2020">{{cite web |last1=Barnett |first1=Joe R. |title=Who are the Churches of Christ |url=https://www.southsidehopkinsville.com/who-are-the-churches-of-christ/ |publisher=Southside Church of Christ |access-date=7 December 2020 |language=en |date=2020 |quote=Not A Denomination: For this reason, we are not interested in man-made creeds, but simply in the New Testament pattern. We do not conceive of ourselves as being a denomination–nor as Catholic, Protestant, or Jewish—but simply as members of the church which Jesus established and for which he died. And that, incidentally, is why we wear his name. The term “church of Christ” is not used as a denominational designation, but rather as a descriptive term indicating that the church belongs to Christ. |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219100501/https://www.southsidehopkinsville.com/who-are-the-churches-of-christ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}<ref name="Hughes1997">{{cite book |title=The Journal of American History |date=1997 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |page=1400 |language=en |quote=Richard T. Hughes, professor of religion at Pepperdine University, argues that the Churches of Christ built a corporate identity around "restoration" of the primitive church and the corresponding belief that their congregations represented a nondenominational Christianity.}}</ref><ref name="HughesRoberts2001">{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Richard Thomas |last2=Roberts |first2=R. L. |title=The Churches of Christ |date=2001 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-23312-8 |page=63 |language=en|quote=Barton Stone was fully prepared to ally himself with Alexander Campbell in an effort to promote nondenominational Christianity, though it is evident that the two men came to this emphasis by very different routes.}}</ref><ref name="Cherok2011">{{cite book |last1=Cherok |first1=Richard J. |title=Debating for God: Alexander Campbell's Challenge to Skepticism in Antebellum America |date=14 June 2011 |publisher=[[ACU Press]] |isbn=978-0-89112-838-0 |language=en |quote=Later proponents of Campbell's views would refer to themselves as the “Restoration Movement” because of the Campbellian insistence on restoring Christianity to its New Testament form. ... Added to this mix were the concepts of American egalitarianism, which gave rise to his advocacy of nondenominational individualism and local church autonomy, and Christian primitivism, which led to his promotion of such early church practices as believer's baptism by immersion and the weekly partaking of the Lord's Supper.}}</ref> The Stone–Campbell Movement was led by [[Barton Stone]] and [[Alexander Campbell (minister)|Alexander Campbell]].<ref name="HughesRoberts2001"/>
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]]
* [[Churches of Christ (non-institutional)]]
* [[Churches of Christ in Australia]]
* [[Evangelical Christian Church in Canada]] (Christian Disciples)
* [[Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ]]
* [[International Christian Church]]
* [[International Churches of Christ]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Adventism  ===
{{Main|Adventism}}
Adventism originated from the work of [[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]], who preached the end of the world and [[Second Coming|the second coming of Christ]] in 1843/44.<ref name="Mayer2017">{{cite book |last1=Mayer |first1=Robert J. |title=Adventism Confronts Modernity: An Account of the Advent Christian Controversy over the Bible's Inspiration |date=16 February 2017 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-4982-9526-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> After the [[Great Disappointment]], this year was reinterpreted by Adventists as being the start of the [[investigative judgment]].<ref name="MacPherson2022">{{cite web |last1=MacPherson |first1=Anthony |title=Investigative Judgment |url=https://encyclopedia.adventist.org/article?id=7FOL |publisher=Encyclopedia of Seventh-Day Adventists |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=26 September 2022}}</ref> 
{{Adventism}}
 {{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Millerites]]
; Sunday observing
* [[Advent Christian Church]]
* [[Church of the Blessed Hope]]
* [[Church of God General Conference]]
;Saturday observing 
* [[Church of God (Seventh-Day)]]
* [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] 
;Other Adventist
* [[Charismatic Adventism]]
* [[Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church]]
*[[Historic Adventism]]
*[[Primitive Advent Christian Church]]
* [[Sabbath Rest Advent Church]]
* [[Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement]]
** [[International Missionary Society|International Missionary Society of Seventh-Day Adventist Church Reform Movement]]
** [[True and Free Seventh-day Adventists]]
* [[Shepherd's Rod]]
** [[Branch Davidians]] 
* [[United Sabbath-Day Adventist Church]]
* [[United Seventh-Day Brethren]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Nondenominational and other Evangelicals ===
{{Main|Nondenominational Christianity|Evangelicalism}} The term ''Evangelical'' appears with the Reformation and reblossoms in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/evangelical-history/evangelical-christianity-begin/|title=When Did Evangelical Christianity Begin?|last=Kidd|first=Thomas|website=The Gospel Coalition|date=20 March 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-30}}</ref> Evangelical Protestantism modernly understood is an inter-denominational Protestant movement which maintains the belief that the essence of the [[Gospel]] consists of the doctrine of [[Salvation (Christianity)|salvation]] by [[Grace (Christianity)|grace]] through [[Faith in Christianity|faith]] in [[Jesus in Christianity|Jesus Christ]]'s [[Atonement in Christianity|atonement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.operationworld.org/glossary|title=Glossary {{!}} Operation World|website=www.operationworld.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Adventist Church of Promise]]
* [[Associated Gospel Churches]] of Canada (AGC)
* [[China Gospel Fellowship]]
* [[Christian churches and churches of Christ]]
* [[Churches of Christ]]
* [[Evangelical Church of the River Plate]]
* [[Evangelical Friends Church International]]
* [[Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches]]
*[[Free Church]]
* [[Free Evangelical Churches]]
* [[Grace Gospel Fellowship]]
* [[Great Commission Association]]
*[[Israelites of the New Universal Pact]]
* [[Jesus Movement]]
* [[Zion Christian Church (Japan)]]
{{Div col end}}

==== International Evangelicalism ====
{{Main|Internet church}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Brunstad Christian Church]]
* [[LifeChurch.tv]]
{{Div col end}}

====African Evangelicalism====
{{Main|Zionist Churches}}
{{See also|African-initiated church}}
{{Div col}}
*[[Aladura]]
* [[Apostles of Johane Maranke]]
*[[Christ Community Church]]
* [[Evangelical Church of West Africa]]
* [[Zion Christian Church]]
{{Div col end}}

===== P'ent'ay =====
{{Main|P'ent'ay}}
P'ent'ay, simply known as Ethiopian-Eritrean Evangelicalism, are a group of indigenous [[Protestant Eastern Christianity|Protestant Eastern]] [[Baptists|Baptist]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]], and [[Mennonites|Mennonite]] denominations in [[full communion]] with each other and believe that Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelicalism are the [[reformation]] of the current [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Orthodox Tewahedo]] churches as well as the restoration of it to original Ethiopian Christianity. They uphold that in order for a person to be saved one has to accept [[Jesus]] as their Lord and Savior for the forgiveness of sins; and to receive Christ one must be "[[Born again Christianity|born again]]" ({{transliteration|am|dagem meweled}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecfethiopia.org/index.htm|title=Evangelical Church Fellowship of Ethiopia|website=www.ecfethiopia.org|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref> Its members make up a significant portion of the 2 million [[Protestant Eastern Christianity|Eastern Protestant tradition]].
{{div col}}
* [[Kale Heywet Word of Life Church|Kale Heywet (Word of Life) Church]]
* [[Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus|Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (Place of Jesus)]]
* [[Full Gospel Believers Church|Mulu Wongel (Full Gospel Believers) Church]]
* [[Meserete Kristos Church|Meserete Kristos (Christ Foundation) Church]]
* [[Assembly of God]]{{div col end}}

===Eastern Protestant===
{{Main|Eastern Protestant Christianity}}
These churches resulted from a post–1800s reformation of [[Eastern Christianity]], in line with [[Protestantism|Protestant]] beliefs and practices.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Believers Eastern Church]]
* [[Evangelical Orthodox Church]]
* [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]]
* [[St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India]]
{{Div col end}}

===Defunct Protestant churches and movements===
These are protestant denominations, movements and organizations that existed historically, but no longer exist in modern times.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
*[[Amsdorfians]]
*[[Anabaptist Ambrosians]]
*[[Arrhabonarii]]
*[[John Barclay (Berean)|Berean]]
*[[Brownists|Brownism]]
* [[Confessing Church]]
*[[Covenanters]]
*[[Diggers|Diggerism]]
*[[English Dissenters]]
*[[Fifth Monarchists|Fifth Monarchism]]
*[[Glasite]]
*[[Gnesio-Lutherans]]
*[[Haugean movement]]
* [[Independent (religion)|Independents]]
*[[Labadism]]
*[[Läsare]]
*[[Latitudinarians]]
*[[Latter Rain (post–World War II movement)|Latter Rain]]
*[[Laudianism]]
*[[Neo-Lutheranism]]
*[[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformism]]
*[[Nyevangelism]]
*[[Old and New Lights|Old Lighters and New Lighters]]
**[[Old Side–New Side controversy|Old Siders and New Siders]]
*[[Old Lutherans]]
*[[Jacob Osgood|Osgoodism]]
*[[Philadelphianism]]
**[[Zionites (Germany)]]
* [[Philippists]]
*[[Puritanism]]
**[[Grindletonians|Grindletonianism]]
*[[Ranters|Ranterism]]
* [[Reveil]]
*[[Seekers|Seekerism]]
* [[Shepherding movement]]
*[[Shouter movement]]
*[[Shtundists]]

{{Div col end}}

===Other Protestant churches and movements===
These are denominations, movements, and organizations deriving from mainstream Protestantism but are not classifiable under historic or current Protestant movements nor as parachurch organizations.

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
*[[Amsdorfians]]
*[[Apostolic-Prophetic Movement]]
**[[New Apostolic Reformation]]
*[[Arminianism]]
*[[Amyraldism]]
*[[Awakening (Finnish religious movement)|Awakening]]
*[[Branhamism]]
* [[British New Church Movement]]
* [[Confessing Movement]]
* [[Cooneyites]]
* [[Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim]]
**[[Church of the Lord (Aladura)|Aladura movement]]
* [[Fangcheng Fellowship]]
* [[Free church]]
* [[Hyper-Calvinism]]
*[[Independent Network Charismatic Christianity]]
*[[Laestadianism]]
*[[Landmarkism]]
* [[Kimbanguist Church]]
*[[Manmin Central Church]]
*[[Matswanism]]
* [[Metropolitan Community Church]]es
*[[Muggletonianism]]
*[[Neo-Calvinism]]
*[[New Calvinism]]
* [[Paleo-orthodoxy]]
* [[Remonstrants]]
* [[Snake handling in Christianity|Serpent Handlers]]
* [[Social Brethren]]
*[[Strong Believers]]
*[[Transformational Christianity]]
*[[True Jesus Church]]
*[[Word of Faith]]
{{Div col end}}

==Miscellaneous==
The following are independent and non-mainstream movements, denominations and organizations formed during various times in the history of Christianity by splitting from mainline Catholicism, Eastern or Oriental Orthodoxy, or Protestantism not classified in the previous lists.

=== Christian Identitist ===
{{Main|Christian Identity}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Assembly of Christian Soldiers]]
* [[Church of Israel]], [[Schell City, Missouri]]
* [[Church of Jesus Christ–Christian]] ([[Aryan Nations]])
* [[The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord]]
* [[Kingdom Identity Ministries]], [[Harrison, Arkansas]]
{{Div col end}}

===Esoteric Christianity===
{{main|Esoteric Christianity|Western esotericism}}
{{Div col}}
* [[Anthroposophical Society]]
* [[Antoinism]]
* [[Archeosophical Society]]
*[[Christian Kabbalah]]
* [[Christian Theosophy|Theosophy]]
**[[Harmony Society]]
* [[Christo-Paganism]]
* [[Familia Caritatis|Familism]]
* [[The Christian Community]]
* [[Lectorium Rosicrucianum]]
* [[Martinism]]
* [[Metropolitan Spiritual Churches of Christ]]
* [[The Rosicrucian Fellowship]]
* [[Societas Rosicruciana]]
* [[Spiritualist Church]]
* [[The Order of Christ Sophia]]
* [[Universal Alliance]]
* [[Universal White Brotherhood]]
{{Div col end}}

====Neo-Gnostic====
{{Main|Neo-Gnosticism}}
* [[Ecclesia Gnostica]]
*[[Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica]]
*[[Ecclesia Pistis Sophia]]
*[[Gnostic Church of France]]
* [[Johannite Church]]
* [[The Process Church of The Final Judgment]]

===Judeo-Christian===
{{main|Judaizers|Judeo-Christian|Jewish Christianity}}
{{see also|Christian Zionism|List of Sabbath-keeping churches}}

====Messianic Judaism====
{{Div col}}
{{main|Messianic Judaism}}
* [[Assemblies of Yahweh]]
* [[Chosen People Ministries]]
* [[Hebrew Christian movement]]
* [[Hebrew Roots]]
* [[International Messianic Jewish Alliance]]
* [[Jews for Jesus]]
* [[Makuya]]
* [[Messianic Jewish Alliance of America]]
*[[New Israelites]]
* [[Sacred Name Movement]]
* [[Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations]]
* [[Twelve Tribes communities]]
{{Div col end}}

===Nontrinitarian{{anchor|Nontrinitarian}}===
{{Main|Nontrinitarianism}}
{{See also|Christomonism}}
These groups or organizations diverge from historic trinitarian theology (usually based on the [[First Council of Nicaea|Council of Nicaea]]) with different interpretations of Nontrinitarianism.

==== Bible Students and splinter groups ====
{{main|Bible Student movement}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Christian Millennial Fellowship]]
* [[Dawn Bible Students Association]]
* [[Friends of Man]]
* [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
* [[Laymen's Home Missionary Movement]]
* [[Pastoral Bible Institute]]
{{Div col end}}

====Christian Science====
{{main|Christian Science}}
{{Div col}}
* [[Church of Christ, Scientist]]
* [[Eschatology (religious movement)]]
{{Div col end}}

====Latter Day Saint movement====
{{main|Latter Day Saint movement|Mormonism}}
{{see also|List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement|Mormonism and Christianity}}

Most Latter Day Saint denominations are derived from the [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|Church of Christ]] established by [[Joseph Smith]] in 1830. The largest worldwide denomination of this movement, and the one publicly recognized as [[Mormonism]], is [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]. Some sects, known as the "Prairie Saints", broke away because they did not recognize [[Brigham Young]] as the head of the church, and did not follow him West in the mid-1800s. Other sects broke away over the abandonment of practicing [[Mormonism and polygamy|plural marriage]] after the [[1890 Manifesto]]. Other denominations are defined by either a belief in Joseph Smith as a [[prophet]] or acceptance of the [[Book of Mormon]] as [[religious text|scripture]]. The Latter Day Saints comprise over 17 million members collectively.
* [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Apostolic United Brethren]]
* [[Church of Christ (Temple Lot)]] (Hedrickites)
* [[Church of Christ with the Elijah Message]]
* [[The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)]]
* [[Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite)]]
* [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)]]
* [[Community of Christ]]
* [[Fellowships of the Remnant (Latter Day Saints)|Fellowships of the Remnant]] 
* [[Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] (FLDS)
* [[Mormon spectrums of orthodoxy and practice|Humanist and New Order Mormons]]
* [[Latter Day Church of Christ]] (Kingston Clan)
* [[Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]
* [[Restoration Branches|Independent RLDS / Restoration Branches]]
* [[Restoration Church of Jesus Christ]] (extinct)
* [[Restoration Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]]
* [[Restored Church of Jesus Christ (Eugene O. Walton)]]
* [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] 
* [[The True and Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days]]
{{Div col end}}

==== Oneness Pentecostalism ====
{{Main|Oneness Pentecostalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Affirming Pentecostal Church International]]
* [[Apostolic Assemblies of Christ]]
* [[Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus]]
* [[Apostolic Gospel Church of Jesus Christ]]
* [[Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God]]
* [[Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ]]
* [[Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ]]
* [[Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith]]
* [[Church of the Lord Jesus Christ]]
* [[IEANJESUS|Iglesia Evangelica Apostolica del Nombre de Jesus]]
* [[Jesus Miracle Crusade]]
* [[New Journey Ministries]]
* [[Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ]]
* [[Pentecostal Assemblies of the World]]
* [[Pentecostal Churches of Christ]]
* [[True Jesus Church]]
* [[United House of Prayer for All People]]
* [[United Pentecostal Church International]]
{{Div col end}}

====Swedenborgianism====
{{main|The New Church}}
{{Div col}}
* [[General Church of the New Jerusalem]]
* [[Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma]]
* [[Swedenborgian Church of North America]]
{{Div col end}}

====Unitarianism and Universalism====
{{main|Unitarianism|Christian Universalism}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[American Unitarian Association]] (consolidated with the [[Universalist Church of America]] to form the [[Unitarian Universalist Association]] and [[Unitarian Universalism]])
** [[Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship]]
* [[International Council of Unitarians and Universalists]]
** [[General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches]]
*** [[Unitarian Christian Association]]
** [[Unitarian Church of Transylvania]]
***[[Szekler Sabbatarians]]
** [[Unitarisk Kirkesamfund]]
* [[Socinianism]]
* [[Polish Brethren]]
* [[Unitarianism#United States|Unitarian Christian Conference USA]]
* [[Unitarianism#United States|Unitarian Christian Emerging Church]]
* [[Universalist Church of America]] (consolidated with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association and Unitarian Universalism)
{{Div col end}}

==== Other Nontrinitarians====
* [[Christadelphians]]
* [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] (Church of Christ)
* [[Kingdom of Jesus Christ (church)|Kingdom of Jesus Christ]]
* [[La Luz del Mundo]]
* [[Members Church of God International]]
* [[Servetism]]
* [[Tolstoyan movement]]
* [[Two by Twos]]

===Chinese salvationist and other East Asian===
{{main|Chinese salvationist religions}}
*[[Chinese Independent Churches]]
*[[Christian Tabernacle]]
* [[God Worshipping Society]]
*[[Good News Mission]]
* [[Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity|Unification Church]]
** [[Rod of Iron Ministries]]
*[[Japanese independent Churches]]
**[[Christ Heart Church]]
**[[Spirit of Jesus Church]]
*[[Life Word Mission]]
* [[Non-church movement]]
* [[Olive Tree (religious movement)|Olive Tree]]
* [[Providence (religious movement)|Providence]]
* [[Sanban Puren Pai]]
*[[Shincheonji Church of Jesus|Shincheonji]]
*[[Spirit Church (China)]]
**[[Fuhuodao]]
* [[Eastern Lightning|The Church of Almighty God]]
*[[Victory Altar]]
* [[World Mission Society Church of God]]

===Southcottist===
{{Main|Southcottism}}
*[[Jezreelites]]
*[[Christian Israelite Church]]
* [[House of David (commune)]]
* [[Panacea Society]]

===Other===
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
*[[Theophilus Gates|Battle Axes]]
*[[Buchanites|Buchanism]]
*[[Christian Deism]]
**[[Abrahamites]]
* [[Church_of_Caucasian_Albania#Modern_Caucasian_Albanian-Udi_Church|Albanian-Udi Church]] 
* [[Family International]]
* [[House of Aaron]]
*[[International Peace Mission movement]]
*[[Kartanoism]]
* [[Zwijndrechtse Nieuwlichters|Matchstickism]]
* [[Methernitha]]
* [[Mita Congregation]] (USA / Puerto Rico)
* [[Niscience]]
* [[Oneida Community]]
* [[Universal Life]]
{{Div col end}}

== Parachurch ==
{{Main|Ecumenism|Parachurch organization}}
Parachurch organizations are Christian faith-based organizations that work outside and across denominations to engage in social welfare and [[evangelism]]. These organizations are not churches but work with churches or represent a coalition of churches.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Action of Churches Together in Scotland]]
* [[Byzantine Discalced Carmelites]]
* [[Campus Crusade for Christ]]
* [[Canadian Council of Churches]]
* [[Christian Churches Together]] in the USA
* [[Churches Together in Britain and Ireland]]
* [[Churches Together in England]]
* [[Churches Uniting in Christ]]
* [[Conference of European Churches]]
* [[Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity]]
* [[Ecumenical Institute for Study and Dialogue]]
* [[Edinburgh Churches Together]]
* [[Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius]]
* [[Gideons International]]
* [[Global United Fellowship]]
*[[Gnostic Society]]
* [[Intervarsity Christian Fellowship]]
* [[National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.]]
* [[Pentecostal Charismatic Peace Fellowship]]
* [[Reasons to Believe]]
* [[Scripture Union]]
*[[Servants to Asia's Urban Poor]]
* [[Society of Ordained Scientists]]
* [[Greg Koukl|Stand to Reason]]
* [[The Gospel Coalition]] 
* [[The Way International]]
* [[World Alliance of Reformed Churches]]
* [[World Council of Churches]]
* [[World Evangelical Alliance]]
* [[World Student Christian Federation]]
* [[Young Life]]
* [[Youth for Christ]]
* [[Youth with a Mission]]
* [[Christianity in Saudi Arabia|Church in Jeddah]]
{{Div col end}}

==Ideologies==
{{Main|List of Christian movements}}
A Christian movement is a [[Christian theology|theological]], political, or philosophical interpretation of [[Christianity]] that is not necessarily represented by a specific [[Christian church|church]], [[sect]], or [[Christian denomination|denomination]].

{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[24-7 Prayer Movement]]
*[[American civil religion|American Civil Religion]]
* [[Christian atheism]]
* [[Christian democracy]]
** [[Distributism]]
** [[Social Credit]]
* [[Christian existentialism]]
* [[Christian feminism]]
*[[Christian humanism]]
*[[Christian left]]
** [[Christian anarchism]]
** [[Christian communism]]
** [[Christian socialism]]
**[[Evangelical left]]
***[[Red-Letter Christians]]
*[[Christian monasticism]]
**[[Cenobitic monasticism]]
**[[Idiorrhythmic monasticism]]
** [[New Monasticism]]
*[[Christian mysticism]]
**[[Johann Georg Gichtel|Christian Edification Society of Jesus]]
* [[Christian naturism]]
* [[Christian pacifism]]
* [[Christian realism]]
* [[Christian right]]
**[[Christian fascism]]
**[[Christian reconstructionism]]
***[[Kinism]]
* [[Christian vegetarianism]]
*[[Utopia|Christian utopianism]]
* [[Continual prayer|Continual Prayer Movement]]
* [[Convergence Movement]]
* [[Christian countercult movement|Countercult Movement]]
* [[Cowboy church]]
* [[Creationism]]
** [[Old Earth Creationism]]
** [[Young Earth Creationism]]
** [[Evolutionary creationism]]
** [[Neo-Creationism]]
** [[Intelligent design movement]]
*[[Dominion theology]]
** [[Christian nationalism]]
***[[Christian Patriot movement]]
***[[Seven Mountain Mandate]]
**[[Integralism]]
***[[Brazilian Integralism]]
***[[Integrism_(Spain)|Integrism]]
***[[Maurrassisme]]
*[[Ecclesiastical separatism]]
* [[Emerging church|Emerging Church Movement]]
*[[Ethiopian movement]]
* [[Green Christianity]]
* [[House church]] (or [[Simple church]])
** [[House church (China)|Chinese house churches]]
*[[Jesuism]]
* [[Jesus movement]]
** [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]]
* [[Judaizers]]
* [[Kingdom theology]]
* [[List of Christian denominational positions on homosexuality|LGBT and denominations]]
* [[Liberation theology]]
** [[Black theology|Black]]
** [[Dalit theology|Dalit]]
** [[Latin American liberation theology|Latin American]] 
** [[Minjung theology]]
** [[Palestinian liberation theology|Palestinian]]
* [[Local Churches (affiliation)|Local Church movement]]
*[[Millennialism]]
**[[Amillennialism]]
**[[Postmillennialism]]
**[[Premillennialism]]
* [[Neo-orthodoxy]]
*[[Neo-revelationism]]
*[[New Friars]]
*[[Open theism]]
* [[Pelagianism]]
** [[Semi-Pelagianism]]
* [[Positive Christianity]] (Nazi)
** [[German Christians (movement)]] (Nazi)
* [[Postmodern Christianity]]
**[[Postmodern theology]]
*[[Process theology]]
* [[Progressive Christianity]] ([[Liberal Christianity]])
* [[Prosperity theology]]
* [[Queer theology]]
* [[Quiverfull]]
*[[Radical orthodoxy]]
*[[Spiritual mapping]]
{{Div col end}}

=== British Israelism ===
{{main|British Israelism}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Armstrongism]] (Worldwide Church of God)
* [[British-Israel-World Federation]]
* [[Church of God International (United States)]]
* [[Intercontinental Church of God]] 
* [[Living Church of God]]
* [[Philadelphia Church of God]]
* [[Restored Church of God]]
* [[United Church of God]]
* [[United Seventh-Day Brethren]]
{{Div col end}}

==Syncretic==
{{Main|Syncretism}}
{{See also|Folk Catholicism|Folk Orthodoxy}}
The relation of these movements to other Christian ideas can be remote. They are listed here because they include some elements of Christian practice or beliefs, within religious contexts which may be only loosely characterized as Christian.

===African diaspora religions===
[[African diaspora religions]] are a number of related religions that developed in the Americas in various nations of the Caribbean, Latin America and the Southern United States. They derive from traditional African religions with some influence from other religious traditions, notably Christianity and Islam. Examples incorporating elements of Christianity include but are not limited to:
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Candomblé]]
* [[Rastafari]]
* [[Santería]]
* [[Santo Daime]]
* [[Umbanda]]
* [[Voodoo (disambiguation)|Voodoo]]
** [[Candomblé Jejé|Brazilian Vodum]]
*** [[Tambor de Mina]], a syncretic religion that developed in northern Brazil
** [[Cuban Vodú]]
** [[Dominican Vudú]]
** [[Haitian Vodou]]
** [[Hoodoo (spirituality)|Hoodoo]]
** [[Louisiana Voodoo]]
{{Div col end}}

===New Thought===
{{main|New Thought}}
The relation of New Thought to Christianity is not defined as exclusive; some of its adherents see themselves as solely practicing Christianity, while adherents of [[Religious Science]] say "yes and no" to the question of whether they consider themselves to be Christian in belief and practice, leaving it up to the individual to define oneself spiritually.
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Church of Divine Science]]
* [[Church of the Truth]]
* [[Home of Truth]]
* [[The Infinite Way]]
* [[Psychiana]]
* [[Religious Science]]
* [[Seicho-no-Ie]]
* [[Unity Church]]
* [[Universal Foundation for Better Living]]
{{Div col end}}

===Other syncretists===
{{See also|Interpretatio Christiana}}
Other Christian or Christian-influenced syncretic traditions and movements include:
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Alleluia church]]
* [[Aymara people#Religion and mythology|Aymara spirituality]]
* [[Bedwardism]]
* [[Braucherei]]
* [[Bwiti]] (Some sects)
* [[Burkhanism]]
* [[Cao Đài]]
* [[Chrislam (Yoruba)|Chrislam]]
* [[Christian ashram movement]]
* [[Christianity and neopaganism#Christopaganism|Christopaganism]]
**[[Christianity and neopaganism#Christian Wicca|Christian Wicca]]
* Cults of many [[folk saint]]s such as [[Santa Muerte]] and [[Maximón]]
* [[Dōkai]]
*[[Figurism]]
*[[Folk Christianity]]
**[[Cunning folk|Cunning folk tradition]]
***[[Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint movement|Latter Day Saint cunning folk tradition]]
**[[Folk Catholicism]]
**[[Folk Orthodoxy]]
* [[Ghost Dance]]
*[[Holy Spirit Movement]]
* [[Indian Shakers]]
* [[Kakure Kirishitan]]s
*[[Legio Maria]]
*[[Lisu Christianity]]
* [[Longhouse Religion]]
*[[Lumpa Church]]
* [[Mama Tata]]
* [[Modekngei]]
* [[Native American Church]]
* [[Pai Mārire]] and other [[Religion of Māori people#Syncretic religions|syncretic Māori religions]]
* [[Pilgrims of Arès]]
* [[Pomio Kivung]]
*[[Raramuri#Religious beliefs|Raramuri religion]]
* [[Rizalista religious movements]]
*[[Sino-Christian theology|Sinochristianity]]
*[[Ubuntu theology|Ubuntu]]
* [[Xueta Christianity]]
*[[Yaqui people#Yaqui cosmology and religion|Yaqui religion]]
{{Div col end}}
Historical movements with strong syncretic influence from Christianity but no active modern membership include
{{div col|colwidth=20em|rules=yes}}
* [[Antonianism]]
* [[God Worshipping Society]]
* [[Pulahan]]
{{Div col end}}

==See also==
{{portal|Christianity}}
* [[Christian theology]]
* [[Denominationalism]]
* [[East–West Schism]]
* [[Eastern Christianity]]
* [[List of heresies in the Catholic Church]]
* [[List of Christian denominations by number of members]]
*[[List of Christian movements]]
* [[List of current Christian leaders]]
* [[List of the largest Protestant denominations]]
* [[List of religions and spiritual traditions]]
* [[List of religious organizations]]
* [[Religious Orders]]
* [[Timeline of Christianity]]
* [[Western Christianity]]
* [[Church architecture]]

==References==

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=upper-alpha|refs=
<ref group=upper-alpha name="WCRC">Together, the WCRC's full member denominations claim about 100,895,098 members. If associate and affiliated denominations are included, the individual membership reaches 140,013,613. List of denominations and sources at [[World Communion of Reformed Churches#Member churches]].</ref>
<ref group=upper-alpha name="WCRC1">The WCRC’s full member denominations collectively claim over 100 million members. The Anglican Communion (AC) claims only 85 million members. Therefore, by self-reported numbers, the WCRC is larger than the AC with full members alone. However, there are sources that indicate that the total membership of the AC churches is actually 110 million. This would make the AC larger than the WCRC if associate and affiliate members are not counted. If associate and affiliate members are counted, the WCRC has 140 million members and surpasses any Protestant communion in the world. Therefore, whether the WCRC is the largest or second largest Protestant communion depends on the number considered for the AC and whether or not the WCRC’s associate and affiliate members are counted.</ref>
}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}
{{Christian denominations}}
{{Christianity footer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christian Denominations}}
[[Category:Former Christian denominations|List of Former Christian Denominations]]
[[Category:Lists of Christian denominations| ]]