View source for Lightship Nantucket

{{Short description|Lightship station on the Nantucket Shoals south of Nantucket Island, United States}}
{{Coord|40|37|02|N|69|37|06|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=title}}
[[File:Chart USCGS 1107 (NOAA 13200) Nantucket Shoals.jpg|thumb|right|The location of the Nantucket Shoals lightship station at the southern edge of the shoals.]]

The station named '''''Nantucket''''' or '''''Nantucket Shoals''''' was served by a number of [[lightvessel]]s (also termed lightships) that marked the hazardous [[Nantucket Shoals]] south of [[Nantucket Island]]. The vessels, given numbers as their "name,"  had the station name painted on their hulls when assigned to the station. Several ships have been assigned to the Nantucket Shoals lightship station and have been called ''Nantucket''. It was common for a lightship to be reassigned and then have the new station name painted on the hull.
The Nantucket station was a significant US lightship station for [[transatlantic crossing|transatlantic]] voyages. Established in 1854, the station marked the limits of the dangerous Nantucket Shoals. She was the last lightship seen by vessels departing the United States, as well as the first beacon seen on approach. The position was {{convert|40|mi}} southeast of Nantucket Island, the farthest lightship in North America, and experienced clockwise rotary tidal currents.<ref name=rocur>
{{cite journal
|last=Le Lacheur
|first=Embert A.
|title=Tidal currents in the open sea: Subsurface tidal currents at Nantucket Shoals Light Vessel
|journal=[[Geographical Review]]
|volume=14
|issue=2
|pages=282–286
|date=April 1924
|jstor=208104
|doi=10.2307/208104
}}{{subscription required |date=October 2012}}</ref>

==History==
Lightships and their crews were exposed to many dangers.  In addition to the obvious hazards posed by the weather and sea conditions, vessels marking shipping lanes on occasion were struck by the very traffic they existed to protect.  Ships would home on their radio beacons at night and in fog, but were expected to post lookouts and to turn away in time.

===''Lightship 11''===
''Lightship 11'' was built in 1853 by Tardy & Auld of Baltimore, Maryland for $13,462.00.  ''Lightship 11'' was built of [[white oak]] and equipped with two lanterns and a hand-operated {{convert|1050|lb|kg|adj=on}} bell fog signal.  Each of the lanterns contained eight constant-level oil lamps.  ''Lightship 11'' was blown ashore in 1855 and rebuilt at the [[New York Navy Yard]] for further service at Brenton Reef, Rhode Island.

===''Lightship 1''===
''Lightship 1'' was built in 1855 at the [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]] for $48,000.00.  ''Lightship 1'' was built of white oak and [[live oak]] and equipped with two lanterns and a hand-operated bell fog signal.  Each of the lanterns contained eight oil lamps with reflectors.  ''Lightship 1'' was rebuilt in 1860 and the main anchor was replaced with a [[Anchor#Designs of permanent anchors|mushroom]] in 1881 and then a stockless mushroom anchor in 1886.  ''Lightship 1'' was transferred to Martins Industry, South Carolina in 1892.

===''Lightship 54''===
''Lightship 54'' was built in 1892 at [[West Bay City, Michigan]] for $53,325.00.  ''Lightship 54'' was built of iron and equipped with two lanterns, a 12-inch steam [[Steam Whistle#Typles of whistle|chime]] whistle, and a hand-operated {{convert|1000|lb|adj=on}} bell fog signal.  Each of the lanterns contained eight oil lamps with reflectors.  Twenty-five tons{{vague|which tons? should be long, but who knows who's had their fingers on this number|date=January 2010}} of [[pig iron]] ballast were added in 1893; and ''Lightship 54'' was transferred to Boston, Massachusetts in 1894.

===''Lightship 58''===
{{main|United States lightship LV-58}}
''Lightship 58'' was built in 1894 by [[Craig Shipbuilding]] of Toledo, Ohio for $50,870.00. ''Lightship 58'' was built of an iron-plated steel frame and equipped with two lanterns, a 12-inch steam chime whistle, and a hand-operated bell fog signal.  Each of the lanterns contained eight oil lamps with reflectors.  ''Lightship 58'' was transferred to [[Fire Island, New York]] in 1896.

===''Lightship 66''===
''Lightship 66'' was built in 1896 by [[Bath Iron Works]] of Bath, Maine for $69,282.00.  The vessel was built on a wood-sheathed steel frame and equipped with a 12-inch steam chime whistle, and a cluster of four electric lens lanterns mounted in galleries at each mast head.  She carried a Baird [[Evaporator (marine)|evaporator]] and distilling apparatus.  Breaking adrift required replacement of seven mushroom anchors and {{convert|565|fathom|m}} of chain between 1896 and 1900.  Experimental wireless telegraph equipment was installed in 1901 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tfcbooks.com/teslafaq/q&a_036.htm |title= Francis J. Higginson correspondence |publisher=21st Century Books |date=11 May 1899 |accessdate= 14 February 2014}}"</ref> and the vessel became the first United States lightship with permanent radio equipment in 1904.  ''Lightship 66'' was placed in relief service following replacement by ''Lightship 85'' in 1907.

===''Lightship 85''===
''Lightship 85'', a wooden lightship, was built in 1907 at [[Camden, New Jersey]] for $99,000.00. ''Lightship 85'' was transferred to the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] by Executive Order on 11 April 1917, along with the entire Lighthouse Service. While in the Navy during [[World War I]] she continued her former peacetime routine warning shipping away from [[Nantucket Shoals]] and also aided in guarding nearby waters against German [[U-boats]]. Sailors from the Lightship aided in the rescue of people after the [[Boston Molasses Disaster]], partly because it was docked nearby. After peace was restored in 1919, ''Lightship 85'' was returned to the [[U.S. Commerce Department]].  ''Lightship 85'' was placed in relief service following replacement by ''Lightship 106'' in 1923.

===''Lightship 106''===
''Lightship 106'' was built in 1923 by [[Bath Iron Works]] of Bath, Maine for $200,000.00.  ''Lightship 106'' was built on a steel hull and equipped with a 12-inch steam chime whistle, a hand-operated bell, a submarine bell,{{clarify |reason=Define submarine bell; |date=October 2012}} a submarine oscillator,{{clarify |reason=Define submarine oscillator; |date=October 2012}} a radio beacon, and a {{convert|375|mm|in|abbr=on}} electric lens lantern at each mast head.  ''Lightship 106'' was placed in relief service following replacement by ''Lightship 117'' in 1931, returned to Nantucket when ''Lightship 117'' was sunk in 1934, and returned to relief service when replaced by ''Lightship 112'' in 1936.

===''Lightship 117''===
{{main|United States lightship LV-117}}
[[Image:SS Olympic - 1934.jpg|thumb|right|{{RMS|Olympic}} passes Nantucket ''Lightship 117'' in early 1934.]]
''Lightship 117'' at Nantucket was sideswiped by the {{SS|Washington}} in early 1934, and four months later, on 15 May 1934, she was rammed and sunk by the British [[White Star Line|White Star]] ship {{RMS|Olympic}} homing in on its radio beacon in dense fog.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/09-04/09-03-04/a01lo270.htm 
 |title=Title unknown 
 |accessdate=2012-10-04 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010044451/http://www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/09-04/09-03-04/a01lo270.htm 
 |archivedate=2004-10-10 
}}</ref> Four men went down with the ship and seven survivors were picked up by the ''Olympic''. Three survivors later died of injuries sustained from the collision. The sunken wreck now lies hidden in {{convert|200|ft|m|-1}} of water {{convert|50|mi}} south of [[Nantucket Island]], Massachusetts.

===''Lightship 112''===
{{main|Nantucket Lightship LV112}}
[[File:Lightship Nantucket (LV-112) in Boston harbor 2018.agr.jpg|thumb|LV-112 in Boston harbor]]
In 1936, Pusey & Jones of Wilmington, Delaware built ''Lightship 112'', the largest lightship ever, for $300,956.00. This ship was paid for by the British government as reparation for the deadly collision between ''Olympic'' and ''Lightship 117''.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.palletmastersworkshop.com/lightship.html
|title=History of U.S. Lightships
|publisher=palletmastersworkshop.com
|accessdate=2012-10-04
}}</ref>

During World War II, ''Lightship 112'' was withdrawn from the Nantucket Shoals station and used as an [[examination vessel]] in Portland, Maine. On 5 January 1959, she was blown {{convert|80|mi}}{{vague|which miles|date=January 2010}} off-station in hurricane-force winds accompanied by fifty-foot seas. This event effectively put her out of communication for several days due to water-damaged electronics. ''Lightship 112'' outlasted all other lightships assigned to that station, having marked it for 39 years.

On 10 May 2010, ''Lightship LV-112'', the largest lightship ever built in the US, returned to Boston for renovation and preservation.<ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/05/12/oldest_us_lightship_comes_home_to_boston/
|title=Oldest US Lightship Comes Home to Boston
|last=Schworm
|first=Peter
|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]
|date=12 May 2010
|accessdate=2012-10-04
}}</ref>
[[File:Nantucket LS WTC jeh.JPG|thumb|WLV-612 at [[Brookfield Place (New York City)|World Financial Center]]]]

===''Lightship 612''===
{{Main|United States Lightship Nantucket (WLV-612)}}

Built in 1950 at [[Curtis Bay, Baltimore|Curtis Bay, Maryland]] by the [[United States Coast Guard Yard]] for $500,000, ''Lightship 612'' was the last ship to serve a full tour of duty on the Nantucket Shoals station and was also the last US lightship in commission. In 1975 Lightship ''Ambrose'', the ''Nantucket's'' sister ship, was renamed Lightship ''Nantucket II'' and the two ships spelled one another, relieving each other approximately every 21 days.

At 2:30&nbsp;a.m. on 20 December 1983 the ''Lightship 613'' relieved ''Lightship 612'' until 8:00&nbsp;a.m. when she was relieved by a [[Large Navigational Buoy]], making ''Lightship 613'' the last Lightship on station in the US and on Nantucket Station.

In December 1983 the ''Lightship 613'' was sold to the New England Historic Seaport to become a museum ship in Boston and ''Lightship 612'' was reassigned to cutter duty.

Finally, after being decommissioned on 29 March 1985 and ending the 165 year era of United States Lightship service, ''Lightship 612'' was sold to the Boston Educational Marine Exchange and shortly thereafter was taken over by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In March 2000, she was purchased by [[William B. Golden|William]] and Kristen Golden, restored as the only fully operational Lightship in the United States and converted to a luxury yacht that was berthed at Rowes Wharf in Boston. In the summer of 2007 she was available for charter in Nantucket harbor and Newport. The Nantucket ''Lightship WLV612'' was chartered for one year by the 5 star Delamar Hotel in Greenwich Connecticut in 2008, served as the mothership for the New York Yacht Club summer cruise and was chartered from November 2008 through 31 May 2009 at The North Cove Marina at the World Financial Center in Manhattan, New York. During the summers of 2009 and 2010, ''Lightship WLV612'' was docked in Martha's Vineyard on Charter in Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Newport and Long Island Sound, returning in the fall of 2010 for charters Newport.  On 26 August 2009, after the death of Massachusetts Senator [[Ted Kennedy]], the lightship honored him by illuminating his schooner at the [[Kennedy Compound]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kennedy to lie in repose in Boston for 2 days |url=http://www.detnews.com/article/20090827/NATION/908270446/1361/Kennedy-to-lie-in-repose-in-Boston-for-2-days |date=27 August 2009 |work=[[Detroit News]] |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=2009-08-27 |first=Ray |last=Henry |quote=On Wednesday night, the Lightship Nantucket—the vessel that marked limits of the dangerous Nantucket Shoals in Massachusetts for more than 150 years—pulled up outside the Kennedy compound as dusk fell and illuminated the late senator's schooner as a tribute.}}</ref>{{failed verification |date=October 2012}}

===''Lightship 613''===
{{Main|United States Lightship WLV-613}}

Built at the [[United States Coast Guard Yard]] in [[Curtis Bay, Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] in 1952. It was the last lightship ever built and launched in the United States, and the last lightship commissioned in service. Commissioned in September 1952 as the WAL-613 with a conventional mast, it was refit in 1953 with a "large cylindrical lantern housing installed on tripod foremast with a duplex revolving high intensity light of British design...  rated at 5.5 million candlepower."<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.uscg.mil/history/cutters/WLV/WLV613.asp
|title=U.S. Coast Guard Lightships & Those of the U.S. Lighthouse Service
|publisher=uscg.mil
|accessdate=2015-09-14
}}</ref> On December 20, 1983, the WLV-613 relieved WLV-612 at 2:30 AM, remaining on the Nantucket station until approximately 8 AM when the WLV-613 was replaced at the Nantucket Shoals station with a Large Navigation Buoy.<ref>[https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=44008 Nantucket Shoals LB "N"], National Data Buoy Center, NOAA</ref> Likewise, with its last five-and-a-half hours of service, the WLV-613 was the last lightship on Nantucket Shoals and the last lightship in service in the United States. The WLV-613 is currently owned by [[William B. Golden|William]] and Kristen Golden, who also own the WLV-612.

==Name and station assignments==
'''''Lightship 85''''':
* ''Nantucket'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1907&ndash;23)
* ''Relief'', 1st District (1923&ndash;42)
* [[Examination vessel]], World War II (1942&ndash;44)
* ''Relief'', 1st District (1944&ndash;51)
* ''Boston'', Boston, MA (1951&ndash;62)
'''''Lightship 117''''':
* ''Nantucket'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1931&ndash;34)
'''''[[United States lightship Nantucket (LV-112)|Lightship 112]]''''':
* ''Nantucket'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1936&ndash;42)
* Examination Vessel, World War II (1942&ndash;45)
* ''Nantucket'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1945&ndash;58)
* ''Relief'', 1st District (1958&ndash;60)
* ''Nantucket'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1960&ndash;75)
'''''Lightship 612:'''''
* ''San Francisco'', San Francisco, CA (1951&ndash;69)
* ''Blunts Reef'', Blunts Reef, CA (1969&ndash;71)
* ''Portland'', Portland, ME (1971&ndash;75)
* ''Nantucket'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1975&ndash;83)
'''''Lightship WLV-613:'''''
* ''Ambrose'', Ambrose Channel, NY (1952&ndash;67)
* ''Relief'', MA (1967&ndash;79)
* ''Nantucket-II'', Nantucket Shoals, MA (1979&ndash;83)
* Nantucket-II relieved 612 for one day then was relieved by a Large Navigational Buoy, therefore 613 was last Lightship on station in US.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* United States Coast Guard, ''Aids to Navigation'', (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945).
* {{cite uscgnavbib}}
* Putnam, George R., ''Lighthouses and Lightships of the United States'', (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1933).

==External links==
* [http://www.nantucketlightship.com/ Lightship Nantucket]
* [http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=613 Lighthouse Friends Lightship Nantucket II WLV 613, MA]
* {{British pathe|id=5303|v=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmWI1RC0yr0|d=Newsreel footage covering the 1934 ramming of ''Lightship 117'' by the liner RMS ''Olympic''|year=1934}}

===Resources===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717111641/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2089&ResourceType=Structure National Register Number: 89002464]
* [http://www.uscg.mil/history/weblightships/LV112.asp U.S. Coast Guard: Lightship (LV 112)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050227181815/http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/n1/nantucket-ii.htm U.S. Navy: USS ''Nantucket'']
* [http://www.uscglightshipsailors.org/ U.S. Coast Guard Lightship Sailors]

{{Lightvessels}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nantucket}}
[[Category:Lightship stations]]
[[Category:World War I auxiliary ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Nantucket, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1936 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built by Bath Iron Works]]