View source for LibriVox

{{Short description|Public domain audiobook project}}
{{Infobox library
| library_name = LibriVox
| library_logo = [[Image:LibriVox-logotype.svg|250px]]
| location = Worldwide (U.S. based)
| established = August 2005
| collection_size = 20,000 ({{as of|2023|12|31|lc=y|alt=17 December 2024}})<ref name="librivoxatia-count"/>
| pop_served = 
| members = Worldwide volunteers
| budget = {{$|USD}}5,000 per annum ({{asof|2010|lc=y}})
| director = N/A (community-shared)
| website = {{URL|https://librivox.org}}
}}
{{Listen
| filename    = Studyinscarlet 01 doyle read by david clarke.ogg
| title       = Sample
| description = The first chapter of ''[[A Study in Scarlet]]'', the first novel about [[Sherlock Holmes]], by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] read by LibriVox volunteer David Clarke.
| pos         =
}}

'''LibriVox''' is a group of worldwide volunteers who read and record [[public domain]] texts, creating free public domain [[audiobook]]s for download from their website and other [[digital library]] hosting sites on the internet. It was founded in 2005 by Hugh McGuire with the objective to "make all books in the public domain available, for free, in audio format on the internet."<ref name="aboutlibrivox">{{cite web |last=McGuire |first=Hugh |title=Objective LibriVox |work=LibriVox |access-date=2025-05-02 |url=http://librivox.org/pages/about-librivox/ }}</ref><ref name="Chesley 2016" /> 

On 6 August 2016, the completed projects numbered 10,000; on 14 February 2021 there were 15,000, and on 17 December 2024 the catalog reached 20,000 recordings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Another LibriVox Milestone: 10,000 projects! |url=https://librivox.org/2016/08/06/another-librivox-milestone-10000-projects/ |access-date=2025-05-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="librivoxatia-20210214" /> Most releases are in the English language, but many non-English works are also available. There are multiple affiliated projects that are providing additional content. LibriVox is associated with [[Project Gutenberg]] from where the project gets some of its texts, and the [[Internet Archive]] that hosts digital recordings.

==History==
[[File:Hugh McGuire.jpg|thumb|Hugh McGuire, founder of LibriVox]]
{{Cquote|Can the net harness a bunch of volunteers to help bring books in the public domain to life through [[podcasting]]?|author=Hugh McGuire<ref name="librivox-hm-20050809"/><ref name="hughmcguire-20070212"/>}}

LibriVox was started in August 2005 by [[Montreal]]-based writer Hugh McGuire, who set up a [[blog]], and posed the question.<ref name="librivox-hm-20050809">{{cite web|first=Hugh|last= McGuire|date=9 August 2005|url=http://librivox.org/2005/08/09/welcome-to-librivox/|title=Welcome to LibriVox|publisher=LibriVox.org|access-date=20 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="hughmcguire-20070212">{{cite web| first=Hugh|last=McGuire|url=http://hughmcguire.net/2007/02/12/from-textosolvo-clarity-why-it-worked-1/|title=Clarity (blog entry)|date=February 12, 2007|publisher=HughMcGuire.net|access-date=2009-01-09}}</ref> The first recorded book was ''[[The Secret Agent]]'' by [[Joseph Conrad]].<ref name="Chesley 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Chesley |first1=Amelia |title=A Brief History of Crowdsourced Digital Publishing at LibriVox.org |journal=Computers and Writing Proceedings |date=2016–2017 |url=https://wac.colostate.edu/docs/proceedings/cw2016/chesley.pdf }}</ref> 

== Etymology of LibriVox ==
''LibriVox'' is an invented word inspired by [[Latin]] words {{lang|la|liber}} (book) in its [[genitive]] form {{lang|la|libri}} and {{lang|la|vox}} (voice), giving the meaning ''BookVoice'' (or ''voice of the book''). The word was also coined because of other connotations: {{lang|la|liber}} also means ''child'' and ''free, independent, unrestricted''. As the LibriVox forum says: "We like to think LibriVox might be interpreted as 'child of the voice', and 'free voice'. Finally, the other link we like is 'library' so you could imagine it to mean Library of Voice."<ref>"[https://forum.librivox.org/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=876 What does LibriVox mean?]", LibriVox forum, retrieved 29 September 2013.</ref>

There has been no decision or consensus by LibriVox founders or the community of volunteers for a single pronunciation of LibriVox. It is accepted that any pronunciation is accurate.<ref name="librivoxpronunciation">"[http://wiki.librivox.org/index.php/English_Pronunciation_Guides#Pronunciation_of_.22LibriVox.22 Pronunciation of "LibriVox"]", LibriVox wiki. Retrieved 21 November 2011.</ref>

== Organization and funding ==
LibriVox is a volunteer-run, free content, public domain project. It has no budget or [[legal person]]ality. The development of projects is managed through an [[Internet forum]], supported by an [[Forum administrator|admin]] team, who also maintain a searchable catalogue [[database]] of completed works.<ref name="Chesley" /><ref name="Chesley 2016" />

In early 2010, LibriVox ran a fundraising drive to raise $20,000 to cover hosting costs for the website of about $5,000/year and improve front- and backend usability.<ref>"[http://librivox.org/2010/02/24/librivox-needs-your-help/ LibriVox Needs Your Help]", LibriVox blog, 24 February 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2011.</ref> The target was reached in 13 days, and so the fundraising ended and LibriVox suggested that supporters consider making donations to its affiliates and partners, [[Project Gutenberg]]<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060830183818/http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:Partners%2C_Affiliates_and_Resources Gutenberg Affiliates]", Gutenberg.org, Retrieved 19 April 2015.</ref> and the [[Internet Archive]].<ref>"[https://archive.org/details/librivoxaudio&tab=about Archive.org partners]", Archive.org, Retrieved 19 April 2015.</ref>

==Production process==
Volunteers can choose new projects to start, either recording on their own or inviting others to join them, or they can contribute to projects that have been started by others. Once a volunteer has recorded their contribution, it is uploaded to the site, and proof-listened by members of the LibriVox community.<ref name="Chesley" />

Finished audiobooks are available from the LibriVox website, and [[MP3]] files are hosted separately by the [[Internet Archive]]. Recordings are also available through other means, such as [[YouTube]] and [[iTunes Store|iTunes]], and, being free of copyright, they are frequently distributed independently of LibriVox on the Internet and otherwise.<ref name="Chesley" />

==Content==
[[File:LibriVox recorded hours by year 2006–2021.jpg|thumb|LibriVox recorded hours by year 2005–2021]]
LibriVox only records material that is in the [[public domain]] in the United States, and all LibriVox books are released with a public domain dedication.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Domain |url=https://librivox.org/pages/public-domain/ |website=LibriVox |access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Chesley 2016" /> Because of copyright restrictions, LibriVox produces recordings of only a limited number of contemporary books. These have included, for example, the ''[[9/11 Commission Report]]'', which is a work of the US Federal Government therefore in the Public Domain.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hill |first=Alli |title=100 Best Free Audiobooks |work=LifeHack |date=February 19, 2025 |access-date=2025-05-02 |url=https://www.lifehack.org/575489/100-best-free-audio-books-and-sites-for-more }}</ref> 

The LibriVox catalogue is varied. It contains popular and classic fiction, but it also includes difficult texts such as [[Immanuel Kant]]'s ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]'', and a recording of the first 500 digits of [[pi]]. The collection also features poetry, plays, religious texts (for example, English versions of the [[Koran]] and books from various translations of the [[Bible]]) and non-fiction of various interests. In January 2009, the catalogue contained approximately 55 percent fiction and drama, 25 percent non-fiction and 20 percent poetry (calculated by numbers of recordings). By the end of 2023, the most viewed item (22.7M) was a reading of ''[[The Art of War]]'' attributed to [[Sun Tzu]] and read in 2006 by Moira Fogarty, followed by a 2006 collective reading of ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' with 22.4M views.<ref name="librivoxatia-count"/>

Around 90 percent of the catalogue is recorded in English, but recordings exist in more than 90 languages ({{as of|2019|lc=y}}).<ref name="Chesley">{{cite journal |last1=Chesley |first1=Amelia |title=The In/Visible, In/Audible Labor of Digitizing the Public Domain |journal=[[Digital Humanities Quarterly]] |date=2019 |volume=13 |number=2 |url=https://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/13/2/000425/000425.html |quote=This data current as of February 1, 2019. Out of 12,535 total LibriVox audiobooks, 1,617 (12.9%) are in languages other than English, including Hindi, Hungarian, Korean, Kurdish, Sudanese, Swedish, and even Esperanto.}}</ref>

==Reputation==
LibriVox has garnered significant interest, in particular from those interested in the promotion of volunteer-led content and alternative approaches to [[copyright]] ownership on the Internet.<ref name="Chesley" /><ref name="Chesley 2016" />

It has received support from the [[Internet Archive]] and [[Project Gutenberg]]. Intellectual freedom and commons proponent [[Mike Linksvayer]] described it in 2008 as "perhaps the most interesting collaborative culture project this side of [[Wikipedia]]".<ref>{{cite web
 | first=Mike | last=Linksvayer
 | url=https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/8327
 | title=LibriVox: 1500 public domain audio books
 | date=June 2, 2008
 | access-date=2009-01-09 
|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930050102/https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/8327 |archive-date=Sep 30, 2009 }}</ref>

The project has also been featured in press around the world and has been recommended by the BBC's [[Click (TV programme)|''Click'']], MSNBC's [[Today (NBC program)|''The Today Show'']], [[Reason (magazine)|''Reason'']],<ref name="LibriVoxReason">{{Cite web |last=Erard |first=Michael |date=May 2007 |title=The Wealth of LibriVox |url=http://reason.com/archives/2007/04/24/the-wealth-of-librivox/ |access-date=19 April 2015 |website=Reason Magazine}}</ref> [[Wired (magazine)|''Wired'']],<ref name="LibriVoxWired">{{Cite magazine |last=Farivar |first=Cyrus |date=Dec 16, 2005 |title=The Web Will Read You a Story |url=http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69780 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107171651/http://www.wired.com:80/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69780 |archive-date=Nov 7, 2008 |access-date=19 April 2015 |magazine=Wired}}</ref> the US ''[[PC Magazine]]'' and the UK [[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|''Metro'']] and [[The Sunday Times|''Sunday Times'']]<ref name="NYTLibriVox">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/25/books/25audi.html|title=Public Domain Books, Ready for Your iPod|website=The New York Times|access-date=19 April 2015|author-last1=Silverman|author-first1=Craig|date=25 August 2006}}</ref> newspapers.

==Quality==
A frequent concern of listeners is the site's policy of allowing any recording to be published as long as it is understandable and faithful to the source text.<ref name="Chesley 2016" /><ref>"[https://forum.librivox.org/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=36873 Quality of Delivery?]", Librivox forums. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> This means that some recordings are of lower audio fidelity; some feature background noises, non-native accents or other perceived imperfections in comparison to professionally recorded audiobooks.<ref>"[http://www.reviewsandmore.net/2007/01/07/the-return-of-the-native-audiobook-librivox/ The Return of the Native Audiobook (Librivox)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235742/http://www.reviewsandmore.net/2007/01/07/the-return-of-the-native-audiobook-librivox/ |date=2012-04-25 }}", Review. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref><ref>"[http://piratelibrary.com/2010/on-the-absence-of-ratings-at-librivox On the absence of ratings at LibriVox]", Review 2 May 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> While some listeners may object to those books with chapters read by multiple readers,<ref>"[http://www.reviewstream.com/reviews/?p=122685 Librivox – free audio books]", Review. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> others find this to be a non-issue or even a feature,<ref>"[http://www.thesoapboxers.com/librivox-free-audio-books/ Librivox (free audio books)]", Review January 09, 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref><ref>"[http://www.m-e-wood.com/2008/10/librivox/ Librivox]", Review October 1, 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref><ref>"[http://hcforgottenclassics.blogspot.com/2010/03/my-favorite-librivox-readers.html My Favorite LibriVox Readers]", Review 12 March 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref> though many books are narrated by a single reader.

The narrations have been called [[outsider art]].<ref name="Adamian">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/10/weird-wold-of-librivox/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007120303/https://www.wired.com/2015/10/weird-wold-of-librivox/ |archive-date=2015-10-07 |title=The Weird, Obsessive World of DIY Audiobooks |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |first=John |last=Adamian |date=October 5, 2015 |access-date=2023-12-05}}</ref> John Adamian, writing in [[Wired (magazine)|''Wired'']], noted:

{{quote|Sometimes while listening I feel like I'm eavesdropping on a strange over-wrought audition, where an aspiring actor tries on and abandons accents, tweaks their voice in pitch too much, or hyperextends vowels in an effort to feel their way into the voice of a fictional New England sea captain, or a crude Yorkshire industrialist, or a displaced German Jew in London. Some readings are wooden, but with a kind of affectlessness that starts to seem like its own interesting artistic choice once you've settled into the performance.<ref name="Adamian" />}}

== See also ==
* [[Virtual volunteering]]
* [[Voice acting]]

== References ==
{{Reflist
|refs =
<ref name="librivoxatia-count">"[https://archive.org/details/librivoxaudio The LibriVox Free Audiobook Collection]", The [[Internet Archive]]. Retrieved 31 December 2023. (The LibriVox Free Audiobook Collection, 18,900 "audio" items)</ref>
<ref name="librivoxatia-20210214">{{cite web |url=https://librivox.org/2021/02/14/librivox-celebrates-15000-audiobooks/ |title=LibriVox Celebrates 15,000 Audiobooks! |work=LibriVox.org |author= |date=February 14, 2021 |accessdate=February 14, 2021}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|LibriVox}}
{{Wikidata property|1=P1899}}
{{Wikinews|Interview with LibriVox founder Hugh McGuire}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|LibraVox.ogg|date=14 July 2007}}
*{{Official website}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Accessible information]]
[[Category:Audiobook companies and organizations]]
[[Category:American book websites]]
[[Category:Collaborative projects]]
[[Category:Open content projects]]
[[Category:Public domain books]]