View source for Lexus GS

{{Short description|Executive car series by Lexus, 1991–2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Lexus GS
| image = Lexus GS 450h F Sport – Frontansicht, 17. Juni 2012, Düsseldorf.jpg
| caption = 2012 Lexus GS 450h F Sport (Germany)
| manufacturer =  [[Toyota]]
| aka = Toyota Aristo (Japan; 1991&ndash;2005)
| production = {{ubl
                 | October 1991{{snd}}July 2005 (Toyota Aristo)
                 | February 1993{{snd}}August 2020<ref name="eternaltouring">{{cite press release |title=LEXUS、GSに特別仕様車"Eternal Touring"を設定 |trans-title=Special model "Eternal Touring" set for Lexus GS |url=https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/32231442.html |lang=JA |publisher=Toyota Global Newsroom |date=23 April 2020 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> (Lexus GS)
                 }}
| model_years = 1994–2020

| class = [[Executive car]] ([[E-segment|E]])
| body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
| layout = {{ubl
                 | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
                 | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, all-wheel-drive]] (except S160 model)
                 }}
| related = [[Toyota Crown]] (1991&ndash;2011)
| successor = <!-- The XZ10 series ES is NOT the direct successor to the GS, due to being built on a front-wheel drive platform, while the GS is built on a rear-wheel drive platform -->
| predecessor = 
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Lexus GS'''|Japanese: レクサス・GS|Rekusasu GS}} is an [[executive car]] ([[E-segment]] in Europe) manufactured and marketed by [[Lexus]] across four generations &mdash; launched in 1991 as the '''Toyota Aristo''' in Japan and as the Lexus GS for markets outside the [[Japanese Domestic Market|Japanese market]] beginning in February 1993. It continued with the Toyota Aristo name for the Japanese market until January 2005.

Lexus marketed the GS as a [[sports sedan|performance sedan]] competing in the [[Executive car|mid-luxury class]], between its compact executive [[Lexus IS|IS]] and large/flagship [[Lexus LS|LS]]. The GS shared its chassis with one of Toyota's longest-running nameplates, the [[Toyota Crown]] premium sedans until 2011.

The GS featured six-cylinder engines and [[rear-wheel drive]], with [[V8 engine|V8]] engines offered for all generations. [[All-wheel drive]] and [[hybrid car|hybrid]] versions debuted in 2005. Previously, all-wheel drive versions were already made available in the Japanese-market S140 series Aristo. The first two generations had a Japanese market equivalent, the Toyota Aristo (''[[wikt:aristo|aristo]]'' is Greek for "the best"), which was sold from 1991 until the Lexus [[marque]]'s Japanese debut in 2005. Though largely identical in exterior and interior design, the GS and the Aristo differed in their engine and transmission combinations as well as equipment packages. The GS name stands for Grand Sedan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60012617/index.html |title=Lexus GS (GS430/GS350) |access-date=30 December 2012 |author=Toyota Motor Corporation}}</ref> However, some Lexus importers use the [[backronym]]ic name, Grand Sport.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lexus.com.au/smallprint/sitemap |title=Site Map |publisher=Lexus |location=Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411052659/https://www.lexus.com.au/smallprint/sitemap |archive-date=11 April 2014}}</ref>

The first generation Lexus GS began sales in the [[United States]], [[Europe]] and selected Asian markets in 1993. It was originally introduced with an [[Straight-six engine|inline-six engine]] and exterior bodywork designed by [[Italdesign Giugiaro]]. The second generation model premiered in 1997, using a new platform,<ref name="Krebs">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/23/automobiles/behind-wheel-lexus-gs-300-gs-400-now-what-devil-has-gotten-into-lexus.html |title=Behind the Wheel/Lexus GS 300 and GS 400; Now What the Devil Has Gotten into Lexus? |first=Michelle |last=Krebs |work=The New York Times |date=23 November 1997 |access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> in-house styling, and adding a V8 version for the first time outside Japan. The [[Lexus GS (S190)|third generation]] GS, which premiered globally for the 2006 model year, was produced in [[V6]], [[V8 engine|V8]], and [[hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] versions, the latter known as the GS 450h. The third generation models were the first GS sedans to be badged as such in the Japanese market.

The fourth generation Lexus GS premiered in August 2011 at the [[Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance]], where models introduced included the V6-powered GS 350, hybrid GS 450h, and performance-tuned [[Lexus F|F Sport]] variants. A lower-displacement V6 model, the GS 250, premiered at the [[Auto Guangzhou]] Exhibition in November 2011, targeted at Asian and European markets.<ref name=GS250>{{cite web |last=Lienert |first=Paul |url=http://www.insideline.com/lexus/gs-250/lexus-gs-250-unveiled-2011-guangzhou-auto-show.html |title=Lexus GS 250 Unveiled: 2011 Guangzhou Auto Show |publisher=Insideline.com |date=23 November 2011 |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref> In some markets such as North America and Asia, the GS shares the mid-size sedan category in the Lexus lineup with the [[front-wheel drive]] [[Lexus ES|ES]], serving as its rear-wheel-drive counterpart.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Jim |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/business/columnists/jim-jackson/lexus-marks-midsize-luxury/article_153e59ba-22b8-546f-967f-bb25cad31576.html |title=Lexus marks midsize luxury |work=Northwest Indiana Times |date=18 December 2011 |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref>

The GS was replaced in Europe by the [[Lexus ES]] from December 2018. The seventh generation ES is the first to be sold in Europe, replacing the GS in spite of being a front-wheel drive car.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-beijing-motor-show/lexus-es-revealed-driver-focused-%C2%A335150-gs-replacement |title=Lexus ES revealed as driver focused £35,150 GS replacement |first=Jimi |last=Beckwith |work=Autocar |location=United Kingdom |date=19 September 2018 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> It went on sale from September 2018 in Russia, Turkey and other [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] markets and from December 2018 in Western and Central Europe.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://drivemag.com/news/lexus-details-europe-s-first-ever-es-sedan |title=European-spec 2019 Lexus ES gets detailed |first=Dan |last=Mihalascu |work=Drive Mag |location=Romania |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=23 August 2018}}</ref> Production ended in August 2020.<ref name="eternaltouring" />

=={{anchor|S140}} First generation (S140; 1991)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Lexus GS
| aka          = Toyota Aristo (Japan)
| model_code   = S140
| image        = T1s Lexus GS.jpg
| caption      = Lexus GS 300
| production   = {{ubl
                 | October 1991<ref name = "75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant" />{{snd}}July 1997 (Toyota Aristo)
                 | February 1993<ref name = "75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant" />{{snd}}July 1997 (Lexus GS)
                 }}
| assembly = {{ubl
                 | Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]])
                 }}
| designer     = [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]] at [[Italdesign]]<ref name="italdesign" /> (1988)
| layout       = {{ubl
                 | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
                 | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, all-wheel-drive]]
                 }}
| platform     =
| related      = [[Toyota Crown Majesta (S140)]]
| engine       = {{ubl
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' [[straight-six engine|I6]]
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|2JZ-GTE]]'' I6 ([[turbocharger|turbo]])
                 | 4.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]
                 }}
| transmission = {{ubl
                 | 4-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A340E .2830-40LE.29|A340E]] (1991&ndash;97 Aristo 2JZ-GTE)&nbsp;/ [[Toyota A transmission#A341E .2830-41LE.29|A341E]] (1993&ndash;95 GS 300) [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
                 | 5-speed [[Toyota A transmission#A350E|A350E]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]] (1996&ndash;97)
                 }}
| wheelbase    = {{cvt|2779|mm|1}}
| length       = {{cvt|4950|mm|1}}
| width        = {{cvt|1796|mm|1}}
| height       = {{cvt|1400|-|1420|mm|1}}
}}

[[Italdesign Giugiaro]] began the first design drawings of the GS 300 in 1988.<ref name=italdesign/> The design firm aimed to produce a deluxe sedan which did without the numerous exterior features and detailing found on existing Japanese premium sedans, in favor of a more simplified, European-style appearance.<ref name=italdesign>{{cite web |url=http://www.italdesign.it/project/lexus-gs-300-toyota-aristo |title=GS 300 (Aristo): Italdesign Giugiaro |work=italdesign.it |year=2012 |access-date=24 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708045056/http://www.italdesign.it/project/lexus-gs-300-toyota-aristo |archive-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> The vehicle's exterior styling blended elements of the then-current [[Lexus LS]] flagship and [[Lexus SC|SC]] performance coupe in a rounded, aerodynamic wedge-like shape which featured a high rear decklid and longer and wider proportions than rival vehicles.<ref name=grandsedan/> The exterior produced a {{Cd|long=yes|link=car|0.31}}. Color schemes included single-tone bumper and body finishes,<ref name=grandsedan/> along with dual-tone schemes. Similarities with an Italdesign concept car which debuted in 1990, the [[Jaguar Kensington]], led some observers to suggest that the GS 300 was derived from its design, though Italdesign said the GS 300 was developed earlier.<ref name=italdesign/> Equipped with an independent, [[double-wishbone suspension]] setup at both front and rear ends, Italdesign's sedan design first appeared in Toyota Aristo form in Japan in October 1991.

Manufactured at Toyota's [[Tahara, Aichi|Tahara]] assembly plant in Japan, production of the Aristo involved more automation than previous vehicles built at the Tahara factory; robots performed 4,200 [[welding|welds]] on each body, while only eight spot welds were performed by hand.<ref name=relentless>Dawson, Chester. ''Lexus: The Relentless Pursuit'', pp. 146-47, 164-65. 2004: Jon Wiley & Sons, NJ.</ref>

Toyota of Japan offered two [[straight-six engine]] options for the Japanese market Aristo—the 3.0Q and 3.0V. The 3.0Q (JZS147) featured the ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' engine which produced {{convert|169|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, while the Aristo 3.0V (JZS147) was equipped with a 24-valve [[twin-turbo]] ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|2JZ-GTE]]'' engine which produced {{convert|205|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}. The Aristo was available at ''[[Toyota Auto Store]]'' as the top-level luxury sedan, positioned above the [[Toyota Chaser (X80)|Chaser]] and ''Toyota Vista Store'' above the [[Toyota Cresta (X80)|Cresta]]. In 1992, a third model, the [[V8 engine|V8]]-powered 4.0Zi-Four (UZS143), joined the Aristo lineup. It came installed with [[All-Trac|iFour]] all-wheel drive and a {{convert|186|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]]'' engine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toyota Aristo |url=https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/vehicle_lineage/car/id60000160/index.html |website=75 years of Toyota History |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

Production of the export Lexus GS 300 (JZS147) began on 22 February 1993.<ref name="relentless" /> For Lexus, The GS was placed above the front-wheel drive [[Lexus ES|ES]] luxury sedan with its superior drivetrain setup, power and available amenities. Lexus only offered the GS with the 3.0-liter ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' straight-six, producing {{convert|169|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|210|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} of torque.

For the interior, the GS 300 featured walnut wood trim on the [[center console (automobile)|center console]], leather seating, an automatic tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, and the option of a [[Nakamichi]] premium stereo system. Driver and front passenger airbags were standard.<ref name=grandsedan/> A moonroof, remote 12-CD auto changer, and [[traction control]] (TRAC &ndash; left hand drive vehicles only) were options.

The GS was intended to take the price position of the original LS 400 flagship, which had moved upmarket since its 1989 launch.<ref name=grandsedan/><ref name="relentless" /> By the time of the GS 300's debut, the {{USD|35,000|year=1993}} initial base price of the LS in the United States had climbed to {{USD|47,000|year=1993}},<ref name=grandsedan/> while the GS 300 at debut carried base price of {{USD|38,000|year=1993}}. However, sales of the GS 300 were modest, with 1993 seeing the greatest sales at 19,164 sold that year. Sales dropped in later years as the [[Japanese yen]] rose in value against the dollar and made the vehicle more expensive than its rivals.<ref name="relentless" /> Additionally, more powerful V8 sport sedans provided strong competition. By 1997, the price of the GS 300 had risen to {{USD|46,000|1997}}. Production of the first generation GS sedan ended in July 1997.

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 660
| image1 = 1st generation Toyota Aristo.jpg
| caption1 = Toyota Aristo 3.0 Q (JZS147 Japan)
| image2 = Lexus GS 300 JZS147 interior.jpg
| caption2 = Lexus GS 300 interior (JZS147)
| image3 = Side profile of Lexus GS 300.jpg
| caption3 = 1993&ndash;1997 GS 300 (JZS147; Europe)
}}

{{clear}}

=={{anchor|S160}} Second generation (S160; 1997)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Lexus GS
| aka          = Toyota Aristo (Japan)
| model_code   = S160
| image        = 98-00 Lexus GS300.jpg
| production   = {{ubl
                 | August 1997{{snd}}December 2004 (Lexus GS)
                 | August 1997{{snd}}July 2005 (Toyota Aristo)<ref name = "75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant" />
                 }}
| model_years  = 1998&ndash;2005
| designer     = Akihiro Nagaya (1995)
| layout       = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| assembly = {{ubl
                 | Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]])}}
| platform     =
| related      = [[Toyota Crown#S150|Toyota Crown (S150)]]
| engine       = {{ubl
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE|2JZ-GE]]'' [[straight-six engine|I6]]
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GTE|2JZ-GTE]]'' I6 ([[turbocharger|turbo]])
                 | 4.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ-FE|1UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] (export only)
                 | 4.3&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ-FE|3UZ-FE]]'' V8 (export only)
                 }}
| transmission = {{ubl
                 | 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A340E.3F .2830-40LS.29|A340E]]'' automatic (30-40LS)
                 | 4-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A341E .2830-41LE.29|A341E]]'' automatic (JZS161)
                 | 5-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A650E|A650E]]'' automatic (JZS160, UZS160, UZS161)
                 }}
| wheelbase    = {{cvt|2799|mm|1}}
| length       = {{cvt|4806|mm|1}}
| width        = {{cvt|1801|mm|1}}
| height       = {{cvt|1420|-|1440|mm|1}}
| weight       = {{cvt|1680|kg|1}}
}}

===1997&ndash;2000===
In 1993, after sales commenced for the first generation S140 series, development began on the successor under the internally known codenamed ''S160''. The design process began under chief engineer Yasushi Nakagawa in May 1994 and by November 1995 after 18 months of design work, the final production design by Akihiro Nagaya was approved by the executive board. In January 1997, Lexus debuted the "High Performance Sedan" (HPS) concept at the [[North American International Auto Show|Detroit Auto Show]], previewing the design direction for the redesigned GS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20120118/DETROIT/120119847 |title=A Look Back: The 1997 Detroit auto show |work=[[AutoWeek]] |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>

In August 1997, the second generation Toyota Aristo was launched in Japan, codenamed JZS160 (S300 version) for models with ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ|2JZ-GE]]'' engines and JZS161 (V300 version) for those with ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ|2JZ-GTE]]'' twin-turbocharged engines, remaining exclusive to the former ''Auto Store'' network that was combined with ''Vista Store'' and renamed ''[[Toyota Netz Store]]'' Japanese dealerships. [[VVT-i]] was now standard, resulting in an increase of torque. The twin-turbocharged version was available with electronic [[four-wheel steering]], VSC [[electronic stability control]] and an [[automatic transmission]] with a tiptronic manual sequential mode controlled by buttons on the steering wheel. 

The second generation sedans used a new front-engine, rear-wheel drive midsize platform, also featured in the Japanese-market [[Toyota Crown]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goo-net.com/car_info/usedcar_topics/127/01.html |title=Aristo history トヨタ アリスト 中古車総合情報 |publisher=Goo-net.com |access-date=28 October 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new model's styling was produced in-house, and featured quadruple headlights (the interior two of which were elliptical) in a fashion similar to the Lexus SC coupe. It had a {{Cd|link=car|long=yes|0.30}}. Inside, [[Electroluminescence|electroluminescent]] ''[[Optitron]]'' gauges were offered for the first time, along with an upgraded stereo system for V300 versions. For export markets, the second generation GS began production in the JZS161 body style on 4 August 1997 and was officially launched in October 1997.

Lexus offered the GS 300 once again and featured a slightly revised version of the previous generation's 3.0-liter straight-six now producing {{convert|168|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|305|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque. Answering customer requests for more power, the American market GS 400 (UZS160) was equipped with the 4.0-liter ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ|1UZ-FE]]'' V8 that produced {{convert|224|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|310|ftlb|Nm|order=flip}} of torque. Both models featured a five-speed automatic transmission with the GS 400 receiving steering wheel shift buttons. As with the S140 series, no turbocharged variants were offered outside Japan. The 5.7 second {{cvt|0|-|60|mph}} time of the GS 400 prompted Lexus marketing to claim that the GS was the world's fastest production sedan at its introduction in 1997.<ref name="relentless" /><ref name="motortrend">{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/1998-lexus-gs-400/|title=1998 Lexus GS 400 - First Test|date=2 November 1997 |access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> 

Lexus promoted the arrival of the second generation GS sedan with the tagline, "Something Wicked This Way Comes".<ref name="Krebs"/> Compared to its predecessor, the second generation GS sedan was a much bigger success, with sales reaching 30,622 vehicles in its first year, increasing in the second, and stabilizing at 28,079 vehicles by 2000.<ref name="relentless" /> Lexus would keep the second generation vehicle in its lineup for eight years, a longer duration than the prior generation. The U.S. base price for the GS 300 and GS 430 averaged approximately {{USD|38,000}} and {{USD|47,000}} respectively.

The GS was ''[[Motor Trend]]''{{'}}s [[Car of the Year|Import Car of the Year]] for 1998. It also made ''[[Car and Driver]]'' magazine's [[Car and Driver Ten Best|Ten Best list]] for 1998 through 2000. In IIHS frontal crash testing the 1999 and newer GS was given a "Good" overall score.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=118 |title=IIHS-HLDI: Lexus Gs |publisher=IIHS |date=10 April 2006 |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-date=1 August 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801185320/http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=118 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 660
| image1 = Lexus GS 300 rear 20071026.jpg
| caption1 = Pre-facelift Lexus GS 300 (Europe)
| image2 = Lexus GS 300 SportDesign interior 01.jpg
| caption2 = 2003&ndash;2004 GS 300 interior (JZS160)
| image3 = 1999 Toyota Aristo V300 Vertex Edition 3.0 Front.jpg
| caption3 = Toyota Aristo (Japan)
}}

{{clear left}}

===2000&ndash;2005===

A facelift in 2000, for the 2001 model year was the only major design change of the second generation GS. There was a slightly revised grille, revised tail lights, and subtly tinted [[headlamp]]s on the front end. Xenon headlamps became standard equipment with the V8 engine and optional on six-cylinder cars. More interior wood trim was added, and steering wheel shift buttons were added to the GS 300. The V8 engine also received a 0.3-liter increase in displacement, so the model designation changed to GS 430 (Toyota type code UZS161). Peak power was unchanged, but torque increased to {{convert|325|lbft|Nm|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The GS 430 took 5.7 seconds to go from {{convert|0|-|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}}.

The Aristo was the last production car that saw the Twin Turbo 2JZ-GTE motor, continuing 3 additional years after the [[Toyota Supra]], the only other vehicle featuring the 2JZ-GTE, was discontinued in 2002.

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 440
|image1=2002 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R MY02) sedan (2015-07-24) 01.jpg
|caption1=2000&ndash;2004 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R; Australia)
|image2=2002 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R MY02) sedan (2015-07-24) 02.jpg
|caption2=2000&ndash;2004 Lexus GS 300 (JZS160R; Australia)
}}

{{clear}}

===SportDesign package===

For the 2002 model year, Lexus offered a limited production GS 300 "SportDesign" package for North America;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autointell.com/news/2002|title=Lexus Introduces Two All-New Special Edition Models|website=www.autointell.com |location=US |date=April 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.auto123.com/news/2003 |title=Lexus announces new sportdesign IS 300 and GS 300 |work=Auto123.com |location=Canada |date=March 2003}}</ref> this [[Trim level (automobile)|performance/trim package]] offered the GS 300 the same firmly-tuned suspension and "L-tuned" steering ECU module that were both standard equipment on the GS 430, along with a rear lip spoiler and polished alloy wheels. Other features include special badging, titanium-like HID headlamps, and a chrome grille.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2002|title=Lexus GS 300 handles firmly|publisher=The Washington Times |location=US |date=July 2002}}</ref> The SportDesign package interior-wise added perforated leather upholstery, uniquely branded door sills along with brushed aluminum and dark stained walnut trim. A version of the SportDesign that included Navigation with a [[Mark Levinson Audio Systems|Mark Levinson sound system]] was also offered. The SportDesign trim package was offered from the 2002 through 2003 model years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://importarchive.com/brochure/lexusgs2002_02 |title=GS 300 Sportsdesign |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=February 2002 |access-date=2023-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://importarchive.com/brochure/lexusgs2003_02 |title=The power of 220 horses |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=February 2003 |access-date=2023-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.xr793.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2003-Lexus-GS-Specs.pdf |title=2003 LEXUS GS Specifications |publisher=Lexus |location=US}}</ref>

=={{anchor|S190}} Third generation (S190; 2005)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Lexus GS
| model_code = S190
| image = Lexus GS 450h front.JPG
| production = January 2005{{snd}}December 2011
| model_years = 2006&ndash;2011
| designer = Yasuhide Hosoda, Isoroku Yamada and [[Sotiris Kovos]] (2002)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2004/detroit/highlights/index4.html |title=Detroit Auto Show 2004 - Highlights |publisher=Car Design News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206185007/http://archive.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2004/detroit/highlights/index4.html#car24 |archive-date=6 December 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite patent |title=Motor vehicle and/or toy replica thereof |number=D501645S |country=US |invent1=Hosoda Yasuhide |invent2=Yamada Isoroku |invent3=Kovos Sotiris |pubdate=2005-02-08}}</ref>
| assembly = {{ubl| Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]])}}
| layout = {{ubl
                 | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
                 | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, all-wheel-drive]]
                 }}
| platform = [[Toyota N platform]]
| related = [[Toyota Crown#S180|Toyota Crown (S180)]]
| engine = {{ubl
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FE|3GR-FE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] (Middle East)
                 | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FSE|3GR-FSE]]'' V6
                 | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6
                 | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FXE|2GR-FXE]]'' V6 ([[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]])
                 | 4.3&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ-FE|3UZ-FE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]
                 | 4.6&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FE|1UR-FE]]'' V8 (Middle East)
                 | 4.6&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FSE|1UR-FSE]]'' V8 
                 }}
| transmission = {{ubl
                 | 6-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#A760E|A760E]]''/''[[Toyota A transmission#A760H|60H]]''/''[[Toyota A transmission#A761E|61E]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
                 | 8-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#AAxx|AA80E]]'' automatic
                 | [[continuously variable transmission|CVT]] automatic (hybrid)
                 }}
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2850|mm|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4826|-|4844|mm|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1821|mm|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1425|-|1435|mm|1}}
}}
{{main article|Lexus GS (S190)}}

===2005&ndash;2007===
In 1999, development commenced on a successor to the S160 under chief engineer, Shigetoshi Miyoshi. Styling for both the exterior and interior was done under lead designer Yasuhide Hosoda between 2000 and 2002, during which [[Lexus#L-finesse|L-finesse]] came to fruition in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetorquereport.com/2011/04/new_york_11_preview_lexus_rele.html |title=New York 11' Preview: Lexus Releases Teasers of the LF-Gh Hybrid Concept |publisher=thetorquereport.com}}</ref> By 2002, a design was finalized, to be introduced the following year. In October 2003, Lexus debuted the [[Lexus LF#LF-S|LF-S]] (Lexus Future Sedan), a concept car which previewed the design of the upcoming GS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.automobile.com/2003-lexus-lf-s-concept.html |title=2003 Lexus LF-S Concept |publisher=Automobile.com |access-date=22 September 2009}}</ref> The design patent was filed by Toyota on 22 December 2003 in domestic Japanese patent offices, preceding an imminent public unveiling. The third generation GS first appeared as a pre-production vehicle at the [[North American International Auto Show#2004|2004 North American International Auto Show]] on 5 January, riding on a then new architecture [[Toyota N platform|N platform]], with the production version being shown at the [[North American International Auto Show#2005|same show]] in January 2005.

Production of the third generation began on 24 January 2005, without release of an equivalent Toyota Aristo, as Toyota had introduced the Lexus channel to Japan and sought to align all world markets using Lexus as their luxury brand worldwide. The third generation GS was the introductory Lexus model for the marque's new L-finesse design philosophy, indicating the future direction of the Lexus lineup; it featured a [[fastback]] profile, retained quad headlights, [[LED]] tailamps, and one-piece bumpers. This generation GS had a {{Cd|link=car|long=yes|0.27}}, and used a newly designed midsize platform later shared with the second generation IS.<ref>Automotive Engineering International, Volume 113, pp. 1, 28; New platform for Lexus GS, IS.</ref>

In September 2005, the GS 350 (GRS191) and GS 430 (UZS190) went on sale in Japan; the GS 350 using a 3.5-liter ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' engine with ''D4-S'' direct injection, while the GS 430 used the same 4.3-liter ''[[Toyota UZ engine|3UZ-FE]]'' V8 engine used in the previous model. Sales in the US began in March 2006, with the initial lineup including the GS 300 (GRS190), featuring a ULEV certified 3.0-liter ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR-FSE|3GR-FSE]]'' [[V6]] engine, and the GS 430 featuring the 4.3-liter V8. All GS models at launch featured a new six-speed automatic sequential shift gearbox. An all-wheel drive system was made available in the GS 300.

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 440
| image1 = 2006-2009 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191R) sedan 02.jpg
| caption1 = 2006&ndash;2009 Lexus GS 450h (GWS191; Australia)
| image2 = Lexus GS450h 02.JPG
| caption2 = Third generation GS interior (GWS191), with hybrid kilowatt meter instead of [[tachometer]] and [[G-Book]] navigation.
}}

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Unveiled at the [[New York International Auto Show#2005|2005 New York International Auto Show]], the [[hybrid car|hybrid]] GS 450h (GWS191) joined the GS line in 2006 for the 2007 model year. GS Hybrid production started in February 2006.<ref name="75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant" /> It was the first mass-production rear-wheel drive luxury hybrid car, featuring the naturally aspirated 3.5-liter ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6 engine mated to two electric motors and a planetary type [[continuously variable transmission]] (CVT). This powertrain made use of the [[Hybrid Synergy Drive|Lexus Hybrid Drive]] system of integrating electric and gasoline engine motors, giving the GS 450h a [[SULEV|Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle]] (SULEV) emissions rating,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2007/09/07/officially-official-2008-lexus-gs-460-and-450h |title=Officially Official: 2008 Lexus GS 460 and 450h |publisher=Auto Blog}}</ref> and total output of {{convert|253|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=il450h>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=109609/pageId=69125 |title=Full Test: 2007 Lexus GS 450h |publisher=Edmunds |access-date=31 March 2009 |last=Reed |first=Philip}}</ref> allowing the GS to accelerate {{convert|0|-|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 5.2 seconds, according to manufacturer data.<ref name=il450h/>

New to the GS line was an [[electric power steering]] (EPS) system, and both the V8 and hybrid models featured a [[variable gear ratio steering]] (VGRS) system and [[Electronically Controlled Brake]] (ECB) a type of [[brake-by-wire]] system. V8 and hybrid models also featured an adaptive suspension system that individually altered suspension [[shock absorber|damper]] firmness. [[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]] (VDIM) was standard on the GS 430, 460, and 450h models and coupled to VGRS, with which it could alter steering gear ratios.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050203.007/lexus-introduces-next-generation-vehicle-stability-control-system-in-new-2006-gs-430 |title=Lexus Introduces Next Generation Vehicle Stability Control System in New 2006 GS 430 |publisher=Worldcarfans |date=3 February 2005 |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref>

Standard safety features on the GS ranged from multiple airbags, including [[knee airbag]]s and front row [[side torso airbag]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lexus.com/models/GS/features/safety/srs_airbags.html |title=GS Safety & Security |publisher=Lexus |location=USA |access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927111319/http://www.lexus.com/models/GS/features/safety/srs_airbags.html |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> to adaptive headlights, [[anti-lock braking]], [[electronic brakeforce distribution]], [[brake assist]] and [[electronic stability control]]. The radar-based [[pre-collision system]] with an [[autonomous cruise control system]] was optional. The GS 450h was among the first vehicles to receive the [[infrared]] [[Driver Monitoring System]] for driver attentiveness. For the 2007 model year, the GS 350 replaced the GS 300 in the US and several other export markets.

The GS interior was available with leather bird's-eye maple or walnut trim. Major standard features ranged from a 10-way driver and front passenger power and heated seats with three-position Lexus Memory System, [[SmartAccess]] keyless system with push-button start, a driver-side hidden drop-down panel for infrequently used controls, standard {{convert|7|inch|abbr=on}} touchscreen display, and LED lighting in the cabin. Unique to the Lexus GS series was a three-pod instrument cluster with [[machined]] aluminum facings and an [[electrochromic]] feature. Optional features ranged from a power moonroof to a discrete 5.1 surround sound 14-speaker 330-watt [[Mark Levinson Audio Systems|Mark Levinson]] premium sound system,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/2050203.006/2006-lexus-gs-sedan-debuts-mark-levinson-surround-sound-system |title=2006 Lexus GS Sedan Debuts Mark Levinson Surround Sound System |publisher=Worldcarfans |date=3 February 2005 |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref> XM-satellite radio and DVD-based [[automotive navigation system|navigation]] with [[backup camera]] and [[Bluetooth]] technology. Competitors to the Lexus GS included the [[BMW 5 Series]],<ref name=GSsportdesign>{{cite web |url=http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/sedans/lexus_gs300_sportdesign/index.html |title=2001&ndash;2005 Lexus GS300 SportDesign |year=2001 |work=Automobile Magazine |last=Jordan |first=Michael |access-date=9 January 2009}}</ref> [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class]],<ref name=grandsedan>{{cite web |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE4D7173AF93BA3575BC0A965958260 |title=Lexus Weighs in With a 'Grand' Sedan |date=8 August 1993 |work=The New York Times |last=Schuon |first=Michael |access-date=9 January 2009}}</ref> [[Volvo S80]], [[Audi A6]], [[Jaguar XF]], [[Infiniti M]], and [[Acura RL]].

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===2007&ndash;2011===
[[File:Tino Rossini's Reviews - 025 - 2010 Lexus GS450h.jpg|thumb|2010 model year Lexus GS 450h (GWS191; Canada)]]

The GS 460 (URS191) replaced the GS 430 in 2007 for the 2008 model year, featuring a new 4.6-liter 1UR-FE (Middle East) or a ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FSE|1UR-FSE]]'' V8 engine with eight-speed automatic transmission generating {{convert|342|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} and {{convert|339|ftlb|Nm|abbr=on|order=flip}} of torque. Lexus reported a {{convert|0|-|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} time of 5.4 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/presstxt/2008lexuskit/2008GS460.350_sf.pdf |title=Toyota USA Newsroom |publisher=toyota.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517123128/http://pressroom.toyota.com/presstxt/2008lexuskit/2008GS460.350_sf.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2011}}</ref> Along with the hybrid GS 450h and previous GS 430 models, the V8-powered GS 460 offered the [[Active Stabilizer Suspension System]] for improved handling. The GS 450h retains its position as the most expensive in the GS lineup, and has faster acceleration than the GS 460, though the GS 460 is lighter and has a higher top speed.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://autos.aol.com/cars-Lexus-GS+450h-2010/expert-review/ |title=2010 Lexus GS 450h Reviews, Expert Car Reviews on AOL Autos |publisher=AOL |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref> In 2010, the GS was outsold nearly two to one by the flagship [[Lexus LS|LS]].<ref name="autogenerated1" />

Along with the introduction of the GS 460, the GS lineup received a mid-cycle styling refresh, including a revised front bumper, headlights and grille, turn signals added to the side mirrors, and new wheel options and exterior colors. The interior received a redesigned steering wheel, revised [[Dashboard|instrument cluster]] gauges, and different trim pieces.

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=={{anchor|L10}} Fourth generation (L10; 2011)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name         = Lexus GS
| model_code   = L10
| image        = 2012 Lexus GS 250 (GRL11R) Luxury sedan (2015-08-07) 01.jpg
| production   = December 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.lexus.co.uk/history-of-the-lexus-gs/ |title=History of the Lexus GS |publisher=Lexus |location=UK |date=30 September 2013 |access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref>{{snd}}August 2020<ref name="eternaltouring" />
| model_years  = 2012<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siler |first1=Steve |title=2013 Lexus GS350 AWD / GS350 F Sport |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a15119947/2013-lexus-gs350-awd-gs350-f-sport-test-review/ |website=Car and Driver |access-date=6 August 2021 |date=14 March 2012}}</ref>&ndash;2020
| assembly = {{ubl
                 | Japan: [[Tahara, Aichi]] ([[Tahara plant]]);<ref name = "75 Years of Toyota, Tahara Plant">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/tahara.html |title=Tahara Plant |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |year=2012 |access-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
                 | Japan: [[Toyota, Aichi]] ([[Motomachi plant]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/companyinformation/manufacturing |title=Japanese Production Sites |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318032552/http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/companyinformation/manufacturing |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>
                 }}
| designer     = Katsuhiko Inatomi<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20120416/OEM03/304169993 |title=For Lexus, high-profile nose job brings new attitude |author=Hans Greimel |work=Automotive News|date=12 April 2012 }}</ref> (2009)
| layout       = {{ubl
                 | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
                 | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, all-wheel-drive]]
                 }}
| platform     = [[Toyota N platform#New N|Toyota New N platform]]<ref name="Credit Suisse">{{cite web|last1=Akita |first1=Masahiro |last2=Shiohara |first2=Kunihiko |date=11 June 2012 |url=https://doc.research-and-analytics.csfb.com/docView?language=ENG&source=emfromsendlink&format=PDF&document_id=977831251&extdocid=977831251_1_eng_pdf&serialid=mloPNv7E0vSpbVXspCzREiMSkukb0pOZlgZROxrMRwE%3d |title=Observations on TNGA: How will Toyota's plans to make better cars affect suppliers |format=PDF |publisher=[[Credit Suisse]] |page=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617142445/https://doc.research-and-analytics.csfb.com/docView?language=ENG&source=emfromsendlink&format=PDF&document_id=977831251&extdocid=977831251_1_eng_pdf&serialid=mloPNv7E0vSpbVXspCzREiMSkukb0pOZlgZROxrMRwE%3D |archive-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| engine       = {{ubl
                 | 2.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[turbocharged|turbo]])
                 | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota AR engine#2AR-FSE|2AR-FSE]]'' [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]])
                 | 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#4GR-FSE|4GR-FSE]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
                 | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]'' V6
                 | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FKS|2GR-FKS]]'' V6
                 | 3.5&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FXE|2GR-FXE]]'' V6 ([[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]])
                 | 5.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota UR engine#2UR-GSE|2UR-GSE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] {{no wrap|(GS F)}}
                 }}
| motor        = {{ubl
                 | {{cvt|105|kW|hp PS|0}} ''1&nbsp;km'' [[Synchronous motor|synchronous]] (GS 300h)
                 | {{cvt|147|kW|hp PS|0}} ''1&nbsp;km'' synchronous (GS 450h)
                 }}
| powerout     = {{ubl
                 | {{cvt|131|kW|hp PS|0}} (GS 300h, gasoline engine only); {{cvt|162|kW|hp PS|0}} (GS 300h, combined system output)
                 | {{cvt|217|kW|hp PS|0}} (GS 450h, gasoline engine only); {{cvt|256|kW|hp PS|0}} (GS 450h, combined system output)
                 | {{cvt|351|kW|hp PS|0}} (GS F)
                 }}
| transmission = {{ubl
                 | 6-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]]
                 | [[continuously variable transmission|CVT]] automatic (hybrid)
                 | 8-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#AA80E|AA80E]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]  {{no wrap|(GS F)}}
                 | 8-speed ''[[Toyota A transmission#AA81E|AA81E]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]] {{no wrap|(2013&ndash;2020)}}
                 }}
| wheelbase    = {{cvt|2850|mm|1}}
| length       = {{ubl
                 | {{cvt|4850|mm|1}} (2013&ndash;2015)
                 | {{cvt|4890|mm|1}} (2016&ndash;2020)
                 }}
| width        = {{cvt|1840|mm|1}}
| height       = {{cvt|1455|mm|1}}
| weight       = {{ubl
                 | {{cvt|3795|-|3980|lb|0|order=flip}}
                 | {{cvt|1865|kg|0}} (hybrid)
                 }}
}}
{{see also|Lexus LF#LF-Gh|label 1=Lexus LF-Gh}}

===2011&ndash;2015===
In early 2007, development began on the L10 series GS<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.autobeatonline.com/articles/lexus-gs-four-things |title=Lexus GS: Four Things |first=Gary S. |last=Vasilash |work=AutoBeat |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=18 April 2020}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Oldham |first=Scott |date=22 July 2011 |url=http://www.insideline.com/lexus/gs-350/2012/2012-lexus-gs-350-first-drive.html |title=2013 Lexus GS 350 First Drive |publisher=Edmunds.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723073733/http://www.insideline.com/lexus/gs-350/2012/2012-lexus-gs-350-first-drive.html |archive-date=23 July 2011}}</ref> under Yoshihiko Kanamori, with the design process finalizing under new president and CEO Akio Toyoda's direction in 2009. Design patents were filed in Japan on 6 October 2010 for the production model and a conceptual variant on 29 March 2011. In April 2011, Lexus showed the LF-Gh concept (Lexus Future Grand-Touring Hybrid) at that year's [[New York International Auto Show#2011|New York International Auto Show]], previewing the stylistic direction of future Lexus models. The LF-Gh featured a large, spindle-shaped front grille, and press information further indicated that it had a new interior design which included an [[analog clock]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Jeremy |last=Korzeniewski |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/04/12/lexus-unveils-lf-gh-ahead-of-new-york-debut/ |title=Lexus LF-Gh Concept unveiled ahead of New York debut |publisher=Auto Blog |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref> The LF-Gh concept vehicle was taken by automotive journalists as an indication of what the fourth generation Lexus GS would look like.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://crave.cnet.co.uk/cartech/lexus-lf-gh-is-a-mean-green-hybrid-machine-in-photos-and-video-50003504/ |title=Lexus LF-Gh is a mean, green hybrid machine |work=Cnet UK |access-date=13 April 2011 |last=Reid |first=Rory |date=April 2011 |archive-date=16 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416083643/http://crave.cnet.co.uk/cartech/lexus-lf-gh-is-a-mean-green-hybrid-machine-in-photos-and-video-50003504/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The fourth generation GS had its world premiere at the [[Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance]] in California in August 2011. The vehicle was shown to have a more subtle version of the LF-Gh's spindle grille, while overall exterior dimensions are almost identical to the previous generation.<ref name=abpb>{{cite web |first=Damon |last=Lavrinc |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/08/18/2013-lexus-gs350/ |title=2013 Lexus GS 350 fully revealed at Pebble Beach |publisher=Auto Blog |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref> L-shaped LED front [[daytime running lamp]]s and rear LED tube lamps are a new design feature.<ref name=abpb/> The fourth generation GS was the centerpiece of Toyota chairman [[Akio Toyoda]]'s initiative to restore passion to the Lexus brand and better compete with German luxury automakers that had been gaining market share in the United States. It was reported that Toyoda initially opposed the styling choices made for the new model, but later thanked the design team that persuaded him to greenlight the project.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/automobiles/autoreviews/action-oriented-sedan-with-a-predatory-spirit.html?pagewanted=print |title=Action-Oriented Sedan With a Predatory Spirit |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=21 May 2012 |work=The New York Times |first=Lawrence |last=Ulrich}}</ref> Unlike the first three generations, the fourth generation GS is not based on any Crown models as it is built on a separate [[Toyota N platform#New N|New N platform]].<ref name="Credit Suisse" />

At its debut, the fourth generation model was shown in rear-wheel drive GS 350 (GRL10) form, powered by a V6 engine linked with a six-speed automatic transmission.<ref name=abpb/> Three driving modes are featured, ranging from fuel-conserving ''Eco'' to ''Sport S'' and ''Sport S+'' which facilitate more sporty transmission shifting and engine throttle settings, as well as suspension damper and steering adjustments.<ref name=abpb/> The chassis has been redesigned, and overall curb weight is reduced.<ref name=abpb/> To reduce unsprung mass the new GS utilizes aluminum for all its suspension components.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/1201_2013_lexus_gs_350_f_sport_first_test/ |title=2013 Lexus GS 350 F Sport First Test |work=[[Motor Trend]] |date=25 January 2012 |first =Kim |last=Reynolds |access-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> The GS 350 F Sport adds a rear-wheel steering system for improved handling on rear wheel drive models. New larger 14-inch brakes come standard as well as 19-inch F Sport wheels, a new front bumper, rear spoiler, F Sport steering wheel, F Sport seats and a new suspension system with AVS adjustable dampers.<ref name=acprev/>

The redesigned interior gains the Lexus [[Remote Touch]] mouse controller system in place of the previous touchscreen, linked to a split-view {{convert|12.3|in|abbr=on}} widescreen dashboard display.<ref name=abpb/>

It also features a new technology, Save energy + airflow control (S-FLOW), which is the world's first system that sends air only to where vehicle occupants are seated in order to maintain and improve comfort while also improving fuel efficiency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/products_technology/technology_development/body/index.html |title=Technical Development - Body |publisher=toyota-global.com}}</ref>

Other interior features include Mark Levinson surround sound system.<ref name=abpb/> Front 18-way power seats are available; 10-way power seats are equipped standard. Optional features further include a pre-collision system, [[Automotive head-up display|Heads-Up Display]], [[blind spot monitor]], [[lane departure warning system|lane keep assist]], and [[Driver Monitoring System]].<ref name=abpb/>

Variants such as the GS 350 and GS 250, as well as their F Sport variants, began sales in Japan on 26 January 2012, followed by the GS 450h and the GS 450h F Sport on 19 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/feature/20120126.html |title=Lexus Marks New Stage with Japan Rollout of New GS Lineup |access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> Sales for the fourth generation in the US began in February 2012 for models including the GS 350 and GS 350 F Sport, with the hybrid version following several months after.<ref name=acprev>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2011/12/09/017844-2013-lexus-launch-gs-350-gs-f-sport-and-gs.html |title=2013 Lexus Launch - GS 350, GS-F Sport and GS 450h Previews |publisher=The Auto Channel |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=EPA/> A smaller-displacement model, the GS 250 (GRL11), was shown at the 2011 [[Auto Guangzhou]], targeted for sales in China, Japan, Australia and the UK, but not the US.<ref name=GS250/>

The GS 450h (GWL10), rated at {{convert|343|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} and now using an [[Atkinson cycle]] design, has a 35 percent improvement in fuel economy over the previous generation GS 450h, and has a higher combined EPA fuel efficiency rating (31 mpg) than the 306 horsepower GS 350 (23 mpg).<ref name=EPA>{{cite web |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2011/11/big-lexus-gs-hybrid-sedan-gets-a-35-fuel-economy-boost/1 |title=Big Lexus GS hybrid sedan gets a 35% fuel-economy boost |work=USA Today |date=29 November 2011 |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref> Trunk space is improved both for the hybrid and standard models.<ref name=abpb/> The GS 450h features standard full [[LED headlamp]]s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.cars.com/kickingtires/2011/11/2013-lexus-gs-450h-rated-at-34-mpg-highway-gs-350-at-28-mpg.html |title=2013 Lexus GS 450h Rated at 34 MPG Highway, GS 350 at 28 MPG &ndash; KickingTires |first=Colin |last=Bird |publisher=cars.com |date=28 November 2011 |access-date=8 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129145953/http://blogs.cars.com/kickingtires/2011/11/2013-lexus-gs-450h-rated-at-34-mpg-highway-gs-350-at-28-mpg.html |archive-date=2011-11-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and a [[bamboo]] trimmed interior.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lexusenthusiast.com/2012/02/09/details-on-the-lexus-gs-450h-bamboo-steering-wheel/ |title=Details on the Lexus GS 450h Bamboo Steering Wheel |publisher=Lexus Enthusiast |date=9 February 2012 |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref> The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 [[International Motor Show Germany|Frankfurt Motor Show]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.autoblog.com/2011/09/14/2013-lexus-gs-450h-gs450h-frankfurt-2011/ |title=2013 Lexus GS 450h does the electric slide |author=Jonathon Ramsey |work=Autoblog}}</ref>

For the 2014 model year, changes to GS 350 includes an eight-speed automatic transmission for rear-wheel drive (RWD) models, introduction of F SPORT package (optional Lexus Dynamic Handling system with [[Steering#Four-wheel steering|dynamic rear steering (DRS)]], electric power steering, [[active steering|variable gear ratio steering (VGRS)]]), integrated [[Siri]] Eyes Free mode from Apple (compatible with [[iPhone 4S]] and newer), flush mounted sensors for available intuitive park assist, full color display added to the optional [[head-up display]], available blind spot monitor adds rear cross traffic alert and power-folding mirrors, Luxury Package changes (LED foglamps, Superchrome finish for 18-inch wheels, and the rear armrest control panel display adds display option to view radio station and song title information), optional power trunk opener, Lexus [[Night View]] system discontinued.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2013/09/26/2014-lexus-gs-revealed-gets-new-transmission/|title=2014 Lexus GS gets eight-speed auto, other enhancements|website=Autoblog}}</ref>

The GS 300h hybrid model includes a 2.5-liter Atkinson cycle inline-four engine with a D-4S direct injection technology, derived from the [[Lexus IS (XE30)|third generation IS]]. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2013 [[Auto Shanghai|Shanghai Motor Show]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2013/04/lexus-gs-300h-debuts-at-2013-shanghai-motor-show.html|title=Lexus GS 300h Debuts at 2013 Shanghai Motor Show » AutoGuide.com News}}</ref> The vehicle went on sale in China, Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, but not in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexus.eu/lexus-today/news-events/gs-300h-shanghai-motor-show-2013.tmex#/GS300hShanghai |title=LEXUS INTRODUCES GS 300h AT SHANGHAI MOTOR SHOW |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822175917/http://www.lexus.eu/lexus-today/news-events/gs-300h-shanghai-motor-show-2013.tmex#/GS300hShanghai |archive-date=22 August 2014}}</ref>

It is a version of Lexus GS 300h for European market, with 2.5-liter Atkinson cycle four-cylinder engine (181PS), two electric motors, a hard-drive navigation system with a 12.3-inch Monitor and [[Lexus Connected Services]], [[Mark Levinson Audio Systems|Mark Levinson]] audio system, DVD player and rear-view camera with a monitor, among other features. The vehicle went on sale on 11 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://autospress.com/2014/01/lexus-gs-300-business-edition-europe.html |title=Lexus GS 300 Business Edition for Europe |work=Autospress}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carscoops.com/2014/01/lexus-targets-business-customers-with.html |title=Lexus Targets Business Customers with New Edition of GS 300h in Europe |author=Carscoop Carscoop |work=Carscoops}}</ref>

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 660
| image1 = 2013 Lexus GS 250 (GRL11R) F Sport sedan (2015-07-03) 01.jpg
| caption1 = Pre-facelift Lexus GS 250 F Sport (Australia)
| image2 = 2012 Lexus GS 250 (GRL11R) Luxury sedan (2015-08-07) 02.jpg
| caption2 = Pre-facelift Lexus GS 250 Luxury (Australia)
| image3 = Lexus GS 450h fourth gen bamboo interior.jpg
| caption3 = Lexus GS 450h interior with [[bamboo]] accents (US)
}}

{{clear left}}

===2015&ndash;2020===
The revised GS debuted at Monterey Car Week in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/lexus+2016+gs+200t+350+450h+product+news.htm |title=Mingling with the Classics: Lexus Introduces 2016 GS During Pebble Beach Concours Celebrations |work=Toyota Motor Sales |location=United States |date=13 August 2015 |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> Changes include a GS 200t variant equipped with the 2.0-liter ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]'' turbocharged engine to replace the GS 250, and an update to the 3.5-liter V6, now upgraded to ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FKS|2GR-FKS]]'' specification.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ruhi |first=Joaquín |date=31 August 2015 |url=http://kaizen-factor.com/from-fse-to-fks-the-evolution-of-toyotas-2gr-3-5-liter-v6/ |title=From FSE to FKS: the evolution of Toyota's 2GR 3.5-liter V6 |publisher=Kaizen Factor |access-date=24 July 2016}}</ref> that uses the [[Atkinson cycle]] and features founded on the previous 2GR-FSE motor. Additional changes include revised exterior elements (including front and rear trim, exterior lighting, wheels, and rocker panels), new active safety features, and a revised infotainment system. The GS 200t was renamed to GS 300 for the 2018 North American model year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McNabb|first=Mark|date=2018-01-08|title=Is There A Difference Between The 2017 Lexus GS 200t And The 2018 Lexus GS 300? @ Top Speed|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/is-there-a-difference-between-the-2017-lexus-gs-200t-and-the-lexus-gs-300/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Top Speed|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2018, Lexus discontinued the GS for European markets and replaced it with the front-wheel drive [[Lexus ES|ES]] already sold in North America and some Asian countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lexus ES revealed as driver-focused £35,150 GS replacement (19 September 2018) |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-beijing-motor-show/lexus-es-revealed-driver-focused-£35150-gs-replacement |website=Autocar |access-date=28 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lexus GS production and sales halted in Europe (1 April 2018) |url=https://www.autoblog.com/2018/04/01/lexus-halts-gs-production-sales-europe/ |website=Autoblog |access-date=28 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Lexus issued a press release saying that production of the GS will end {{as of|lc=yes|2020|8}}.<ref name="eternaltouring" />


{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 660

|image1=2018 Lexus GS 300h Luxury CVT Hybrid 2.5.jpg
|caption1=Lexus GS 300h
|image2=2020 Lexus GS 350 AWD F Sport in Atomic Silver, Front Left, 11-05-2022.jpg
|caption2=Lexus GS 350 F Sport
|image3=2018 Lexus GS 350 3.5L rear 3.16.19.jpg
|caption3=Rear view
}}

{{clear left}}

==== GS F ====
The high performance "[[Lexus F|F]]" version of the GS, the GS F, was unveiled at the [[North American International Auto Show#2015|2015 North American International Auto Show]]. It went on sale in the United States in November 2015 for the 2016 model year.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=2015 NAIAS - 2016 Lexus GS F Debut |url=https://pressroom.lexus.com/2015-naias-2016-lexus-gs-f-debut-bracken/ |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=2015-01-13 |access-date=2022-11-16}}</ref>

The GS F features a 5.0 L (4,969 cc) ''[[Toyota UR engine#2UR-GSE|2UR-GSE]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]] engine with [[Atkinson cycle]] at cruising speeds, delivering a maximum output of 473 PS (467 bhp; 348 kW) at 7100 rpm and 389 lb⋅ft (527 N⋅m) of [[torque]] at 4800–5600 rpm. It is paired with a Toyota AA80E 8-speed transmission built by [[Aisin]]. The GS F is equipped with [[Brembo]] four-wheel power assisted disc brakes with [[anti-lock braking system]] (ABS), [[electronic brake force distribution]] (EBD) and [[brake assist]] (BA), vertical G-sensor for [[VDIM]], rear [[Torsen]] or [[Torque Vectoring]] Differential (TVD) with three operating modes (Standard, Slalom, or Track), monotube gas-filled shock absorbers and ball-jointed stabilizer bars, spindle grille with F-mesh pattern on the lower half, raised front hood, front cooling ducts, front fender ducts in the L shape, exclusive combination meters from [[Lexus LFA|LFA]] (a large centrally mounted tachometer that alters according to drive mode, digital and analog speedometer, differential torque vectoring monitor, G-force meter, oil and water temperature gauges, mileage information and a stopwatch), and an elliptical cross-section thick grip steering wheel.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Lexus Announces the Latest Addition to the Daunting 'F' Performance Line: the GS F Sedan |url=https://pressroom.lexus.com/2015-lexus-gs-f-naias-debut/ |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=2015-01-06 |access-date=2022-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=2016 Lexus GS F Performance Sedan Offers a Dynamic Ride, Luxurious Comfort for Five |url=https://pressroom.lexus.com/2016-lexus-gs-f-debut/ |publisher=Lexus |location=US |date=2016-01-05 |access-date=2022-11-16}}</ref>

{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | total_width = 660

|image1=Lexus GS F - Mondial de l'Automobile de Paris 2016 - 001.jpg
|caption1=Lexus GS F (URL10)
|image2=Lexus GS F - Mondial de l'Automobile de Paris 2016 - 003.jpg
|caption2=Lexus GS F (URL10) Rear View
|image3=2016 Lexus GS-F Motorraum 2UR-GSE.jpg
|caption3=Lexus GS F [[Toyota UR engine#2UR-GSE|2UR-GSE]] V8 engine
}}

{{clear left}}

==Motorsport==
The Lexus GS was used in [[List of motorsport championships#Touring car|Motorola Cup]] North American Street Stock Championship [[Touring car racing|touring car]] series competition in 1998, beginning with two GS 400 race vehicles driven by Team Lexus in its inaugural season. For 1999, Team Lexus achieved its first victory with the GS 400 in its sixth race at [[Road Atlanta]].<ref name=tlex>{{cite web |url=http://www.teamlexus.com/team_stats.htm |title=Team Lexus Stats |year=2006 |publisher=Team Lexus |access-date=6 May 2007 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821224559/http://www.teamlexus.com/team_stats.htm |archive-date=21 August 2007}}</ref> The GS 400 was raced until 2001, when Team Lexus switched to the IS 300. In the mid-2000s, the GS 400 was entered in the [[V8Star Series]] touring car racing season, with Ronny Melkus competing in the V8 GS in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/touringcars/german-v8-star/2003/entrylist.html |title=Speedsport Magazine 2003 german V8 Star |publisher=Speedsport-magazine |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref><ref>[[commons:File:Ronny Melkus V8Star(ThKraft).jpg|Commons File:Ronny Melkus V8Star(ThKraft).jpg]]</ref>

In 2006, [[SARD|Sigma Advanced Racing Development]] and Lexus entered a GS 450h performance hybrid sedan in the 24 Hours of Tokachi race in [[Hokkaido]], Japan, the first time that a hybrid vehicle was introduced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://response.jp/issue/2006/0718/article83972_1.html |title=Lexus GS 450h in 24 Hours of Tokachi |language=ja |website=Response.jp |access-date=20 May 2009 |date=18 July 2006}}</ref> In 2007, Lexus Canada also entered the GS 450h in the [[Targa Newfoundland]] event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkregion.com/Leisure/article/44774 |title=Lexus tests hybrid power |year=2007 |last=Robinson |first=Beintema |publisher=York Region |access-date=22 June 2008}}</ref> In 2009, the GS 450h was used as a [[safety car]] at the Muscle Car Masters event held at [[Eastern Creek Raceway]], Eastern Creek, New South Wales, Australia.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bowman |first=Zach |url=http://chinese.autoblog.com/2009/09/04/safety-car/ |title=Autoblog &ndash; GS 450h safety car |publisher=Auto Blog |access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910090936/http://chinese.autoblog.com/2009/09/04/safety-car/ |archive-date=10 September 2009}}</ref>

In 2008, [[Manabu Orido|Manabu "Max" Orido]] used a second generation JZS161 Aristo in [[Formula D]] competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urbanracer.com/articles/anmviewer.asp?a=3317 |title=10 Reasons to Check Out Formula D Las Vegas |publisher=Urban Racer |access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929173645/http://www.urbanracer.com/articles/anmviewer.asp?a=3317 |archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref><ref name=it/> Orido has several second generation models with different equipment used for [[Drifting (motorsport)|drifting]] events, some with prototype suspension, and fitted with parts from the export Lexus GS 300.<ref name=it>{{cite web |url=http://www.importtuner.com/features/impp_0912_1999_lexus_aristo/index.html |title=1999 Lexus Aristo &ndash; HKS Turbo &ndash; Import Tuner Magazine |publisher=Importtuner.com |date=26 February 2007 |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Ronny Melkus V8Star Lexus GS 400.jpg|thumb|GS 400 V8Star Series touring race car]]

{{clear left}}

==Sales and production==
Sales data for Lexus GS generations are as follows. Sourced from manufacturer yearly data.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" | Generation (chassis code)
! scope="col" | Model no(s).
! scope="col" | Calendar year
! scope="col" | Sales<br />U.S.
! scope="col" | Sales<br />Japan
! scope="col" | Total exports, production<sup>‡</sup>
|-
| rowspan="5" | JZS147
| rowspan="5" | GS 300
| 1993
| 19,164<ref name="relentless" />
|
| 18,450<ref name="GSspecs">{{cite web |url=http://www.lexus.com/contact/model_specifications_pricing_gs.html |title=Lexus Knowledge Center &ndash; GS Model Specifications |publisher=Lexus |location=USA |access-date=18 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419020826/http://www.lexus.com/contact/model_specifications_pricing_gs.html |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 1994
| 13,939<ref name="relentless" />
|
| 12,905<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 1995
| 6,263<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/TOYOTA+REPORTS+MILLION-PLUS+SALES+FOR+1995-a017978492 Lexus sales figures 1995] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221202108/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/403.htm |date=21 February 2014 }} SC sales 7,906</ref>
|
| 7,797<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 1996
| 2,044<ref>"US top 24 luxury automobile and light truck model types by sales in units for 1996." ''Automotive News''. Market Data Book Supplement (1997).</ref>
|
| 2,500<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 1997
| 7,718<ref name="relentless" />
|
| 175<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| rowspan="3" | JZS160/UZS160
| rowspan="3" | GS 300/400
| 1998
| 30,622<ref name="relentless" />
|
| 26,705<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 1999
| 30,326<ref name="relentless" />
|
| 30,326<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 2000
| 26,705<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/01/03/034042.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2000&ndash;2001 |date=3 January 2002 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=28 January 2009}}</ref>
|
| 26,705<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| rowspan="5" | JZS160/UZS161
| rowspan="5" | GS 300/430
| 2001
| 24,461<ref name="2002sales">{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2003/01/03/152221.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2001&ndash;2002 |date=3 January 2003 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=26 January 2009}}</ref>
|
| 29,715<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 2002
| 17,246<ref name="2002sales" />
|
| 17,710<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 2003
| 13,306<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2002&ndash;2003 |date=5 January 2004 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=26 January 2009}}</ref>
|
| 14,479<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 2004
| 8,262<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2005/01/04/313808.html |title=Lexus production figures 2003&ndash;2004 |date=4 January 2005 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=26 January 2009}}</ref>
|
| 9,681<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| 2005
| 33,457<ref name=2005sales>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2008/01/03/074293.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2005&ndash;2006 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref>
| 5,843<ref name="databook07" />
| 3,000<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
| GRS190/GRS195/UZS190
| GS 300/350/430
| 2006
| 27,390<ref name="2005sales" />
| 9,145<ref name="databook07" />
| 51,290<sup>‡</sup><ref name=databook07>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2007/databook_2007.pdf |title=Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229101825/http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2007/databook_2007.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2009}}</ref>
|-
| GRS191/GRS196/UZS190/GWS191
| GS 350/430/450h
| 2007
| 23,381<ref name=2008sales>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2009/01/05/346214.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2007&ndash;2008 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref>
| 5,089<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2008/25num_register.pdf |title=Number of Vehicles Registered in Japan |access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306021410/http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2008/25num_register.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2012}}</ref>
| 45,588<sup>‡</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2008/24num_produced.pdf |title=Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230023307/http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2008/24num_produced.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | GRS191/GRS196/URS191/GWS191
| rowspan="4" | GS 350/460/450h
| 2008
| 15,759<ref name=2008sales/>
| 5,384<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2009/registration_en.pdf |title=Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |year=2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612054751/http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2009/registration_en.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 32,828<sup>‡</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2009/production_en.pdf |title=Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |year=2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408034259/http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2009/production_en.pdf |archive-date=8 April 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| 7,430,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2010/01/05/460606.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2009 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref>
| 1,777<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2010/registration_en.pdf|title=Number of Vehicles Registered in Japan}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| 11,565<sup>‡</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2010/production_en.pdf |title=Number of Vehicles Produced in Japan by Model |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |year=2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207171559/http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2010/production_en.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| 7,059<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2011/01/04/513144.html |title=Lexus sales figures 2010 |publisher=Autochannel |access-date=24 January 2015}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2011
| 3,746<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexusenthusiast.com/2013/01/03/lexus-december-2012-sales-report-plus-year-end-totals/ |title=Lexus sales figures 2011 |publisher=Lexusenthusiast.com |access-date=24 January 2015}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| rowspan="10" | ARL10/GRL10/GRL11/GRL15/GRL16/GWL10/URL10
| rowspan="10" | GS 200t/350/450h/F
| 2012
| 22,160<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexusenthusiast.com/2013/01/03/lexus-december-2012-sales-report-plus-year-end-totals/ |title=Lexus sales figures 2012 |publisher=Lexusenthusiast.com |access-date=24 January 2015}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2013
| 19,742<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexusenthusiast.com/2014/01/05/lexus-december-2013-sales-report-including-year-end-totals/ |title=Lexus sales figures 2013 |publisher=Lexusenthusiast.com |access-date=24 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150125002536/http://www.lexusenthusiast.com/2014/01/05/lexus-december-2013-sales-report-including-year-end-totals/ |archive-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2014
| 22,198<ref name = "GoodCarBadCar">{{cite web |last=Cain |first=Timothy |url=http://www.goodcarbadcar.net/2011/01/lexus-gs-sales-figures.html |title=Lexus GS Sales Figures |website=GoodCarBadCar |access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2015
| 23,117<ref name = "GoodCarBadCar" />
|
|
|-
| 2016
| 14,878<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://corporatenews.pressroom.toyota.com/releases/toyota-lexus-december-2016-sales-chart.htm |title=December 2016 and Year-End Sales Chart |publisher=Toyota |location=USA |date=5 January 2017 |access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2017
|
|
|
|-
| 2018
| 6,604<ref name="US-sales-2019">{{cite press release |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-motor-north-america-reports-december-2019-year-end-sales/ |title=Toyota Motor North America Reports December 2019, Year-End Sales |publisher=Toyota |location=US |date=3 January 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2019
| 3,378<ref name="US-sales-2019" />
|
|
|-
| 2020
| 2,560<ref name="US-sales-2021">{{cite press release |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-motor-north-america-reports-u-s-december-year-end-2021-sales/ |title=Toyota Motor North America Reports U.S. December, Year-End 2021 Sales |publisher=Toyota |location=US |date=4 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| 2021
| 76<ref name="US-sales-2021" />
|
|
|}

==Technical specifications==
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Model configurations by region
|-
! scope="col" | Chassis code
! scope="col" | Model no.
! scope="col" | Model year(s)
! scope="col" | Drivetrain
! scope="col" | Transmission
! scope="col" | Engine type
! scope="col" | Engine code
! scope="col" | Region(s)
|-
| GRS190
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 300
| 2006&ndash;2012
| rowspan="2" | RWD/AWD
| rowspan="3" | 6-speed AT
| 3.0&nbsp;L gasoline [[V6]]
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR|3GR-FSE]]''
| style="text-align: left;" | Australia,<ref name="gsau">[http://lexus.com.au/model/gs/ Lexus Australia GS line] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217165235/http://lexus.com.au/model/gs/ |date=17 December 2009}} Lexus.com.au. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref> China,<ref name="gscn">[http://lexus.com.cn/lexus_cars/gs/index.asp Lexus China CS line] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919085219/http://lexus.com.cn/lexus_cars/gs/index.asp |date=19 September 2009}} Lexus.com.cn. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref> Europe,<ref name="gseu">[http://www.lexus.eu/range/gs/index.aspx Lexus Europe ES range] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616165726/http://www.lexus.eu/range/gs/index.aspx |date=16 June 2010}} Lexus.eu. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref> Middle East<ref name="gssa">[http://www.lexus.com.sa/lexus_cars/gs/gs300_430_2007/index.asp Lexus Saudi GS line] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217142854/http://www.lexus.com.sa/lexus_cars/gs/gs300_430_2007/index.asp |date=17 December 2009}} Lexus.com.sa. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref>
|-
| GRS191
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350
| 2007&ndash;2012
| 3.5&nbsp;L gasoline [[V6]]
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR|2GR-FSE]]''
| style="text-align: left;" | Canada,<ref name="gsca">[http://www.lexus.ca/lexus/experience/en/home/vehicles/gs/veh_group.jsp?series=gs Lexus Canada GS series] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209184004/http://www.lexus.ca/lexus/experience/en/home/vehicles/gs/veh_group.jsp?series=gs |date=9 February 2010}} Lexus.ca. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref> Europe,<ref name="gseu" /> Japan,<ref name="gsjp">[http://lexus.jp/variation/gs/index.html Lexus Japan GS line] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208213708/http://lexus.jp/variation/gs/index.html |date=8 February 2010}} Lexus.jp. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref> United States<ref name="gsus">[http://www.lexus.com/models/GS/detailed_specifications.html Lexus GS detailed specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619184427/http://www.lexus.com/models/GS/detailed_specifications.html |date=19 June 2010 }} Lexus.com. Retrieved 18 May 2010.</ref>
|-
| UZS190
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 430
| 2006&ndash;2007
| rowspan=3|RWD
| 4.3&nbsp;L gasoline [[V8 engine|V8]]
| ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ|3UZ-FE]]''
| style="text-align: left;" | Middle East<ref name="gssa" />
|-
| GWS191
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 450h
| 2007&ndash;2012
| CVT
| 3.5&nbsp;L [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] [[V6]]
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR|2GR-FSE]]''
| style="text-align: left;" | Canada,<ref name="gsca" /> China,<ref name="gscn" /> Europe,<ref name="gseu" /> Japan,<ref name="gsjp" /> United States<ref name="gsus" />
|-
| URS190
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 460
| 2008&ndash;2012
| 8-speed AT
| 4.6&nbsp;L gasoline [[V8 engine|V8]]
| ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FE|1UR-FE]]''
| style="text-align: left;" | Australia,<ref name="gsau" /> Canada,<ref name="gsca" /> China,<ref name="gscn" /> Europe,<ref name="gseu" /> Japan,<ref name="gsjp" /> United States<ref name="gsus" />
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Drivetrain specifications by generation<ref name="GSspecs" />
|-
! scope="col" | Model year(s)
! scope="col" | Model no(s).
! scope="col" | Chassis code(s)
! scope="col" | Engine type
! scope="col" | Engine code
! scope="col" | Transmission(s)
! scope="col" | Power
! scope="col" | Torque
|-
| 1993&ndash;1997
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 300
| JZS147
| 3.0 L I6
| ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ|2JZ-GE]]''
| 4-speed AT
| {{cvt|168|kW|hp PS}} at 5,800&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|280|Nm|lbft}} at 4,800&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 1998&ndash;2000
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 400
| UZS160
| 4.0 L V8
| ''[[Toyota UZ engine#1UZ|1UZ-FE]]''
| 5-speed AT
| {{cvt|224|kW|hp PS}} at 6,000&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|420|Nm|lbft}} at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 1998&ndash;2004
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 300
| JZS160
| 3.0 L I6
| ''[[Toyota JZ engine#2JZ|2JZ-GE]]''
| 5-speed AT
| {{cvt|168|kW|hp PS}} at 6,000&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|300|Nm|lbft}} at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2001&ndash;2005
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 430
| UZS161
| 4.3 L V8
| ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ|3UZ-FE]]''
| 5-speed AT
| {{cvt|224|kW|hp PS}} at 5,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|441|Nm|lbft}} at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2006&ndash;2007
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 300
| GRS190
| 3.0 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR|3GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|188|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|310|Nm|lbft}} at 3,600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 300 AWD
| GRS195
| 3.0 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#3GR|3GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|188|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|310|Nm|lbft}} at 3,600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 430
| UZS190
| 4.3 L V8
| ''[[Toyota UZ engine#3UZ|3UZ-FE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|216|kW|hp PS}} at 5,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|434|Nm|lbft}} at 4,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007&ndash;2012
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 450h
| GWS191
| 3.5 L V6 hybrid
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR|2GR-FSE]]''
| CVT
| {{cvt|253|kW|hp PS}} at 6,400&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|490|Nm|lbft}} at 4,600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350
| GRS191
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR|2GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|226|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|371|Nm|lbft}} at 3,600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008&ndash;2012
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350 AWD
| GRS196
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR|2GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|226|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|371|Nm|lbft}} at 3,600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 460
| URS190
| 4.6 L V8
| ''[[Toyota UR engine#1UR-FE|1UR-FE]]''
| 8-speed AT
| {{cvt|255|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|460|Nm|lbft}} at 3,900&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2012&ndash;2015
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 250
| GRL11
| 2.5L V6
| [[Toyota GR engine#4GR-FSE|4GR-FSE]]
| 6-speed AT
| 158 kW (215 hp; 218 PS) at 6,400 rpm
| {{cvt|260|Nm|lbft}} at 3,800&nbsp;rpm
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350
| GRL10
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|228|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|376|Nm|lbft}} at 3,900&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350 AWD
| GRL15
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|228|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|376|Nm|lbft}} at 3,900&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2013&ndash;2020
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 450h
| GWL10
| 3.5 L V6 hybrid
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FXE|2GR-FXE]]''
| two-stage CVT
| {{cvt|218|kW|hp PS}} at 6,400&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|490|Nm|lbft}} at 4,600&nbsp;rpm
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014&ndash;2015
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350
| GRL10
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]''
| 8-speed AT
| {{cvt|228|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|376|Nm|lbft}} at 3,900&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350 AWD
| GRL15
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FSE|2GR-FSE]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|228|kW|hp PS}} at 6,200&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|376|Nm|lbft}} at 3,900&nbsp;rpm
|-
| 2016&ndash;2017
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 200t
| ARL10
| 2.0 L I4 turbo
| ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]''
| 8-speed AT
| {{cvt|180|kW|hp PS}} at 4,800&ndash;5,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|350|Nm|lbft}} at 1,650&ndash;4,000&nbsp;rpm
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2016&ndash;2020
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350
| GRL12
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FKS|2GR-FKS]]''
| 8-speed AT
| {{cvt|232|kW|hp PS}} at 6,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|380|Nm|lbft}} at 4,800&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 350 AWD
| GRL16
| 3.5 L V6
| ''[[Toyota GR engine#2GR-FKS|2GR-FKS]]''
| 6-speed AT
| {{cvt|232|kW|hp PS}} at 6,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|380|Nm|lbft}} at 4,800&nbsp;rpm
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | GS F
| URL10
| 5.0 L V8
| ''[[Toyota UR engine#2UR-GSE|2UR-GSE]]''
| 8-speed AT
| {{cvt|348|kW|hp PS}} at 6,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|530|Nm|lbft}} at 5,200&nbsp;rpm
|-
|2018&ndash;2020
| style="text-align: left;" | GS 300
| ARL10
| 2.0 L I4 turbo
| ''[[Toyota AR engine#8AR-FTS|8AR-FTS]]''
| 8-speed AT
| {{cvt|180|kW|hp PS}} at 4,800&ndash;5,600&nbsp;rpm
| {{cvt|350|Nm|lbft}} at 1,650&ndash;4,000&nbsp;rpm
|}

==Awards==
* [[J.D. Power and Associates]] named the GS series the best midsize luxury car in initial quality for 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/news/releases/pressrelease.asp?ID=2003028 |title=J.D. Power and Associates 2003 Initial Quality Study |publisher=J.D. Power |date=13 January 2011 |access-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713082229/http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/news/releases/pressrelease.asp/?ID=2003028 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/news/releases/pressrelease.asp?ID=2005069 |title=Toyota, GM Garner Most Awards in 2005 Initial Quality Study |publisher=J.D. Power |date=13 January 2011 |access-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529235255/http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/news/releases/pressrelease.asp?ID=2005069 |archive-date=29 May 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[American Automobile Association|AAA]] named the third generation GS 300 the best car in its class for 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaanewsroom.net/main/Default.asp?CategoryID=4&ArticleID=362 |title=AAA Picks 13 Top Cars for 2005 |publisher=American Automobile Association |access-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929143932/http://www.aaanewsroom.net/main/Default.asp?CategoryID=4&ArticleID=362 |archive-date=29 September 2011}}</ref>
* ''[[Consumer Reports]]'' awarded the Lexus GS as the highest ranked vehicle in predicted reliability in the luxury car class in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/AUTOS/10/26/cr_most_reliable/index.html?section=cnn_topstories |title=Consumer Reports: Most reliable cars '06 |publisher=CNN |date=27 October 2005 |access-date=28 October 2011}}</ref>
* The GS 450h's ''Lexus Hybrid Drive'' system was the recipient of the annual Paul Pietsch Prize for Advanced Technology in 2007, awarded by technical editors of ''Auto Motor Und Sport'' publications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/cont_global_success.asp |title=Continued global awards success for Lexus |publisher=Lexus Europe |year=2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070504085101/http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/cont_global_success.asp | archive-date = 4 May 2007}}</ref>
* The Lexus GS 450h was named the winner of the 2007 [[IF product design award]] from the [[International Forum Design]] group in Hannover, Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://webserver.ifdesign.de/gewinner_liste.php?sprache=1&award_id=121&kategorie_id=2750&offset=20&result_count=31 |title=iF Design List of winners for the iF product design award 2007 |publisher=iF Design |language=de |access-date=28 October 2011}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
* German automotive magazine ''[[Auto Bild]]'' selected the GS 450h for its "Auto 1" award for best sedan in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=192479 |title="Auto 1" Awards, Auto Bild Group |agency=PR Newswire |date=7 March 2007 |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref>
* ''Smart Money'' magazine named the Lexus GS the best luxury sedan for the 2003&ndash;2004 model year.<ref>{{cite web |last=Breckenridge |first=Sarah |date=7 October 2003 |url=http://www.smartmoney.com/mag/index.cfm?story=oct03-autos |title=2003&ndash;2004 Car Buyers Guide: Best Cars for Your Buck | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061125014052/http://www.smartmoney.com/mag/index.cfm?story=oct03-autos | archive-date = 25 November 2006}}</ref> In 2005, the magazine named the GS its Best New Car Value.
* The GS series was named most appealing midsize luxury car by [[J.D. Power and Associates]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/news/releases/pressrelease.asp?ID=173 |title=J.D. Power and Associates Reports: New and Redesigned SUVs Have Strong Appeal Among New-Vehicle Buyers |publisher=[[J.D. Power and Associates]] |date=1 October 2001 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060630192820/http://www1.jdpower.com/corporate/news/releases/pressrelease.asp?ID=173 | archive-date = 30 June 2006}}</ref>
* The first generation GS series was named to the Top Ten in Initial Quality list by [[J.D. Power and Associates]] in 1994.
* [[Kelley Blue Book]] gave the GS series its Best to Hold Value Award in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carfax.com/DP_Rpt_Links/KBB_Award_Winners.cfm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20031125005115/http://www.carfax.com/DP_Rpt_Links/KBB_Award_Winners.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 November 2003 |title=Kelley Blue Book (KBB) Best Resale Value Award Winners |publisher=[[Carfax (company)|Carfax]]}}</ref>
* The second generation GS was named Import Car of the Year by ''Motor Trend'' in 1998.
* ''Car and Driver'' named the second generation GS to its Ten Best list in 1998, 1999, and 2000.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category multi|Lexus GS|Toyota Aristo}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171123150800/https://lexus.jp/international/models/gs/ Lexus GS international site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180202214835/https://lexus.jp/international/models/gsf/ Lexus GS F international site]

{{Lexus}}
{{Lexus cars}}

[[Category:Lexus vehicles|GS]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1991]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 2020]]
[[Category:2000s cars]]
[[Category:2010s cars]]
[[Category:2020s cars]]
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]
[[Category:Executive cars]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Vehicles with four-wheel steering]]
[[Category:Hybrid electric cars]]
[[Category:Partial zero-emissions vehicles]]
[[Category:Vehicles with CVT transmission]]
[[Category:Euro NCAP executive cars]]