View source for Leukotriene C4 synthase

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Leukotriene C4 synthase''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''LTC4S'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8052639">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lam BK, Penrose JF, Freeman GJ, Austen KF | title = Expression cloning of a cDNA for human leukotriene C4 synthase, an integral membrane protein conjugating reduced glutathione to leukotriene A4 | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 91 | issue = 16 | pages = 7663–7 |date=Sep 1994 | pmid = 8052639 | pmc = 44462 | doi =10.1073/pnas.91.16.7663  | bibcode = 1994PNAS...91.7663L | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LTC4S leukotriene C4 synthase| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4056}}</ref>

The protein encoded by this gene, LTC4S (or '''glutathione S-transferase II''') is an enzyme that converts [[leukotriene A4]] and [[glutathione]] to create [[leukotriene C4]]. This is a member of [[MAPEG family]] of [[transmembrane protein]]s.  A trimer of Leukotriene C4 synthase is localized on the outer [[nuclear membrane]] and [[endoplasmic reticulum]], where it forms a complex with [[5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein]].  This protein is remotely related to microsomal [[glutathione S-transferase]].

== Function ==

The [[MAPEG family|MAPEG]] (Membrane-Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of [[leukotriene]]s. This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of [[Leukotriene#Role of cysteinyl leukotrienes|cysteinyl leukotrienes]], potent biological compounds derived from [[arachidonic acid]]. Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of [[anaphylaxis]] and inflammatory conditions such as human [[bronchial asthma]]. This protein localizes to the [[nuclear envelope]] and adjacent [[endoplasmic reticulum]].<ref name="entrez"/>

{|
|[[Image:Eicosanoid synthesis.svg|thumb|right|320px|Eicosanoid synthesis. (Leukotrienes at right.)]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Penrose JF |title=LTC4 synthase. Enzymology, biochemistry, and molecular characterization |journal=Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology |volume=17 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 133–52 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10436863 |doi=10.1007/BF02737601  |s2cid=34121294 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Penrose JF, Austen KF |title=The biochemical, molecular, and genomic aspects of leukotriene C4 synthase |journal=Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians |volume=111 |issue= 6 |pages= 537–46 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10591082 |doi=10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99212.x  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Jakobsson PJ, Morgenstern R, Mancini J, etal |title=Membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG). A widespread protein superfamily |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=161 |issue= 2 Pt 2 |pages= S20–4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10673221 |doi=  10.1164/ajrccm.161.supplement_1.ltta-5}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bigby TD |title=The leukotriene C(4) synthase gene and asthma |journal=Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 3 |pages= 273–6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10970815 |doi=  10.1165/ajrcmb.23.3.f197}}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Penrose JF, Gagnon L, Goppelt-Struebe M, etal |title=Purification of human leukotriene C4 synthase |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue= 23 |pages= 11603–6 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1454853 |doi=10.1073/pnas.89.23.11603  | pmc=50601  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Nicholson DW, Ali A, Klemba MW, etal |title=Human leukotriene C4 synthase expression in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated U937 cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 25 |pages= 17849–57 |year= 1992 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37121-2 |pmid= 1517222 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Penrose JF, Spector J, Lam BK, etal |title=Purification of human lung leukotriene C4 synthase and preparation of a polyclonal antibody |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=152 |issue= 1 |pages= 283–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7599836 |doi=  10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599836}}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Söderström M, Morgenstern R, Hammarström S |title=Protein-protein interaction affinity chromatography of leukotriene C4 synthase |journal=Protein Expr. Purif. |volume=6 |issue= 3 |pages= 352–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7663172 |doi= 10.1006/prep.1995.1046 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Welsch DJ, Creely DP, Hauser SD, etal |title=Molecular cloning and expression of human leukotriene-C4 synthase |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=91 |issue= 21 |pages= 9745–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7937884 |doi=10.1073/pnas.91.21.9745  | pmc=44893  |bibcode=1994PNAS...91.9745W |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Nicholson DW, Ali A, Vaillancourt JP, etal |title=Purification to homogeneity and the N-terminal sequence of human leukotriene C4 synthase: a homodimeric glutathione S-transferase composed of 18-kDa subunits |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 5 |pages= 2015–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8446623 |doi=10.1073/pnas.90.5.2015  | pmc=46011  |bibcode=1993PNAS...90.2015N |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Penrose JF, Spector J, Baldasaro M, etal |title=Molecular cloning of the gene for human leukotriene C4 synthase. Organization, nucleotide sequence, and chromosomal localization to 5q35 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 19 |pages= 11356–61 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8626689 |doi=  10.1074/jbc.271.19.11356|doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bigby TD, Hodulik CR, Arden KC, Fu L |title=Molecular cloning of the human leukotriene C4 synthase gene and assignment to chromosome 5q35 |journal=Mol. Med. |volume=2 |issue= 5 |pages= 637–46 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8898379 |doi=  10.1007/BF03401647| pmc=2230200  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Scoggan KA, Jakobsson PJ, Ford-Hutchinson AW |title=Production of leukotriene C4 in different human tissues is attributable to distinct membrane bound biosynthetic enzymes |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 15 |pages= 10182–7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9092565 |doi=10.1074/jbc.272.15.10182  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sala A, Folco G, Henson PM, Murphy RC |title=Pharmacological modulation of human platelet leukotriene C4-synthase |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=53 |issue= 6 |pages= 905–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9113110 |doi=10.1016/S0006-2952(96)00819-2  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Spanbroek R, Stark HJ, Janssen-Timmen U, etal |title=5-Lipoxygenase expression in Langerhans cells of normal human epidermis |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 2 |pages= 663–8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9435249 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.2.663  | pmc=18477  |bibcode=1998PNAS...95..663S |doi-access=free }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{MeshName|leukotriene-C4+synthase}}
* {{UMichOPM|families|superfamily|199}} - Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism protein family (MAPEG)

{{Carbon-sulfur lyases}}
{{Metabolism of complex lipids}}
{{Leukotrienergics}}

[[Category:Transmembrane proteins]]


{{lyase-stub}}