View source for Learjet 35

{{short description|Executive business jet series}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
  |name=Learjet 35/36
  |image= Learjet_35_(8738280921).jpg
  |caption=An Air Alliance Learjet 35 landing
  |type=[[Business jet]]
  |manufacturer =[[Learjet]]
  |designer=
  |first_flight=22 August 1973
  |introduction=
  |retired=
  |status=Operational
  |primary military user= General aviation, [[United States Air Force]]
  |more_users=
  |produced= 1973–1994
  |number_built= 738
  |unit cost=
  |developed_from = [[Learjet 25]]
  |variants=
}}

The '''Learjet Model 35''' and '''Model 36''' are a series of [[United States|American]] multi-role [[business jet]]s and military transport aircraft manufactured by [[Learjet]] between 1973 and 1993.<ref name="aircharterservice.com" /> When used by the [[United States Air Force]], they carry the designation '''C-21A'''. Learjet was acquired by [[Bombardier Aviation]] in 1990 and is now a subsidiary, so the aircraft is also known as the '''Bombardier Learjet 35'''.<ref name="aircharterservice.com" />

When first released in 1973, the Learjet 35 was among the fastest [[Flight length|medium haul]] jets of its era. As of 2020, more Learjet 35s have been sold than any other Learjet aircraft, with many still in service after 50 years.

The aircraft are powered by two [[Garrett TFE731|Garrett TFE731-2]] [[turbofan]] engines. Its cabin can be arranged for six to eight passengers. The longer-range Model 36 has a shortened passenger area to provide more space in the aft fuselage for fuel tanks.

The engines are mounted in [[nacelle]]s on the sides of the aft fuselage. The wings are equipped with single-slotted [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]]. The wingtip fuel tanks distinguish the design from other aircraft having similar functions.

==Development==

The concept which became the LJ35 began as the Learjet 25BGF (with GF referring to "Garrett Fan"), a [[Learjet 25]] with a then-new TFE731 turbofan engine mounted on the left side in place of the 25's [[General Electric CJ610]] [[turbojet]] engine. This testbed aircraft first flew in May, 1971.<ref name="alnet_35_36">[http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=265 The Learjet 35, 36 & 31] at [[Airliners.net]]</ref> As a result of the increased power and reduced noise of the new engine, Learjet further improved the design, and instead of being simply a variant of the 25, it became its own model, the 35.

By 2018, 1980s Learjet 35As start at $500,000.<ref name=AINdec2018>{{cite magazine |url= https://www.ainonline.com/sites/default/files/full-issues/ain_1218.pdf |title= For many models, market hitting the apex |magazine= Aviation International News |author= Mark Huber |date= December 2018 |pages= 20–21, 24 |access-date= 2018-12-27 |archive-date= 2018-12-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181227181555/https://www.ainonline.com/sites/default/files/full-issues/ain_1218.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Operational history==

When released in 1973, Learjet's marketing claimed that the Learjet 35 was among the fastest business jets in its class.<ref name="internationalaviationhq" /> In 1976 American professional golfer [[Arnold Palmer]] used a Learjet 36 to establish a new round-the-world class record of 22,894 miles (36990&nbsp;km) completed in 57 hours 25 minutes 42 seconds.<ref name="palmer">{{Cite web |url=http://www.arnoldpalmer.com/EXPERIENCE/WHATSNEW/ARCHIVE/2005/10/palmer_insures.aspx |title=Palmer Insures Proficiency in Cessna Citation X Jet - Arnold Palmer News |access-date=2012-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112041/http://arnoldpalmer.com/experience/whatsnew/archive/2005/10/palmer_insures.aspx |archive-date=2016-03-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Because of its speed and long range, leaders of many nations bought the aircraft as their primary or secondary jet. Countries who did this include: Brazil, Chile, Finland, Switzerland and Saudi Arabia among others.<ref name="internationalaviationhq" /> 

During the Cold War, the [[Finnish Air Force]] used the Learjet 35/36 as a shorter range [[Airborne Early Warning and Control|AEW&C]] aircraft, for monitoring Soviet bombers and fighter jets coming over the Baltic Sea and over the Arctic.<ref name="internationalaviationhq" /> Learjet 35s made the bulk of Argentina's [[Escuadrón Fénix]] flights during the 1982 [[Falklands War]] mainly on diversion and reconnaissance flights.

Production on the 35/36 series ceased in 1994.<ref name="spectra">{{cite web |title=Learjet 30 Series Information |url=http://www.spectrajet.homestead.com/learjet30info.html |website=Spectra Jet |access-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060311031315/http://www.spectrajet.homestead.com/learjet30info.html |archive-date=11 March 2006}}</ref> There are still well over 500 Learjet 35s in service around the world, despite the model being almost 50 years old.<ref name="internationalaviationhq" />

{{as of|2018|January}}, the U.S. [[National Transportation Safety Board]] database<ref name="ntsb4">[https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/Results.aspx?queryId=310df1db-636a-49f5-8846-8b7736d24ba2 NTSB database query]</ref> lists 25 fatal accidents for the 35/35A, and two for the 36/36A.

==Variants==
[[File:Learjet 35A taxiing.jpg|thumb|right|The Learjet 35A.]]
[[File:LJ-3 LJ35 FinAirForce (6777135457).jpg|thumb|right|[[Finnish Air Force]] Learjet 35AS.]]
[[File:NDANG C-21A Learjet.JPEG|thumb|right|A  C-21A Learjet attached to the [[North Dakota Air National Guard]]'s (NDANG) [[119th Fighter Wing]].]]
[[File:U-36a 03l.jpg|thumb|right|[[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]] U-36A 9202 on 21 May 2003 when it crashed at Iwakuni after a possible bird hit while performing touch and goes, .]]

===Learjet 35===
The original '''Model 35''' was powered by two TFE731-2-2A engines and was {{convert|13|in}} longer than its predecessor, the Model 25. First flight of the [[prototype]] Model 35 was on 22 August 1973, and the aircraft was [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] [[Type certificate|certified]] in July, 1974. It could carry up to eight passengers. There were 64 base-model 35s built.<ref name="spectra"/>

===Learjet 35A===
The '''Model 35A''' is an upgraded Model 35 with TFE731-2-2B engines and a range of 2,789 miles, with a fuel capacity of  {{convert|931|usgal|L}} with refueling accomplished at ground level through each wingtip tank. It was introduced in 1976, replacing the 35. Over 600 35As were built, with a production line that ended with serial number 677, in 1993.<ref name="spectra"/>

On February 12, 1996, a Learjet 35A, N10BD,<ref name="Lear35Flight">{{Cite web|url=http://optimaljet.com/OptimalJetHTML/N10BDFlight.htm|title=Video of N10BD in flight}}</ref> owned by Cable Television Founder [[Bill Daniels]] and piloted by Mark E. Calkins, former astronaut [[Pete Conrad]]<!--Charles Conrad, Jr.-->, Paul Thayer, and Daniel C. Miller completed an [[Circumnavigation|around-the-world]] flight in a record 49 hrs, 21 min, and 8 sec. The record remains standing {{as of|2015|lc=y}},<ref name="FAIc1fturbo">{{Cite web|url=http://fai.org/records|title=General Aviation World Records, Sub-class C-1f, turbojet. Perform a Record Number Search for 3113 by clicking Records Tab, More Records Button, then entering Record Number 3113 in the search.| publisher=Fédération Aéronautique Internationale }}</ref> and this aircraft is now on display in Terminal C of [[Denver International Airport]].<ref name="Lear35Mounting">{{Cite web|url=http://optimaljet.com/OptimalJetHTML/MountingLearjet.htm|title=Mounting N10BD in C Concourse of Denver Intl Airport}}</ref>
;Learjet 36
:The '''Model 36''' is essentially identical to the 35, except that it has a larger fuselage fuel tank, giving it {{convert|500|mi}} longer range, but reducing the passenger area's length by {{convert|18|in}}. It was certified, along with the 35, in July, 1974.

;Learjet 36A
:Like the 35A, the '''Model 36A''' has upgraded engines and a higher maximum gross weight. It was introduced in 1976, replacing the 36.<ref name="spectra"/>

=== Military variants ===
;C-21A
:The '''C-21A''' is a United States military designation for an "off the shelf" variant of the Learjet 35A for the United States Air Force, with room for eight passengers and 42&nbsp;ft<sup>3</sup> (1.26 m<sup>3</sup>) of cargo. In addition to its normal role, the aircraft is capable of transporting [[litter (rescue basket)|litters]] during medical evacuations. Delivery of the C-21A fleet began in April 1984 and was completed in October 1985.

:There are 38 Air Force active duty aircraft, and 18 [[Air National Guard]] aircraft in the C-21A fleet. On 1 April 1997, all continental U.S.-based C-21As were realigned under [[Air Mobility Command]], with the [[375th Airlift Wing]] at [[Scott Air Force Base]], Illinois, as the lead command. C-21As stationed outside the continental United States are assigned to the theater commanders.<ref name="global">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-21.htm C-21A Learjet] at [[GlobalSecurity.org]]</ref>

;C-35
:[[Brazilian Air Force]] designation for the cargo version of the Learjet 35.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Brazilian Military Aircraft Designations |url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/brazil.html |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=designation-systems.net}}</ref>

;R-35A
:Brazilian Air Force designation for the reconnaissance version of the Learjet 35.<ref name=":0" />

;VU-35A
:Brazilian Air Force designation for the VIP transport version of the Learjet 35.<ref name=":0" />

;U-36A
:A Japanese military designation (not a U.S. military designation). Utility transport, training version of the Learjet 36A. Equipped with a missile seeker simulator in addition to a radar, avionics, firing training assessment devices, an ejector pylon, a special communications system, a target towing system and a jammer system. Six were built for the [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]]. Delivered of March 1986 of December 1993. Two aircraft were written off, 9202 on 21 May 2003 when it crashed at Iwakuni after a possible bird hit while performing touch and goes, and 9203 on 28 February 1991 when it hit the water during a low level ECM Exercise. In a ceremony on 10 March 2025 at MCAS Iwakuni, the JMSDF retired its last U-36A Learjets.<ref name="scramble">{{cite web | url=https://www.scramble.nl/military-news/japan-retires-its-learjet-36a | title=Japan retires its Learjet 36A | date=12 March 2025 }}</ref>

;B.TL.12
:({{langx|th|บ.ตล.๑๒}}) [[Royal Thai Armed Forces]] designation for the Learjet 35A.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thai Military Aircraft Designations |url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/thailand.html |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=designation-systems.net}}</ref>

== Success and popularity ==

When first released in 1973, the Learjet 35 was among the fastest [[Flight length|medium haul]] jets of its era. As of 2020, more Learjet 35s have been sold than any other Learjet aircraft.<ref name="internationalaviationhq" />

As a private jet the Learjet 35 was popular because of its good range (it can fly 2,056 miles nonstop), takeoff and landing performance (its Honeywell engines provide 3,500 pounds of thrust and can land on short runways at regional airports), fast cruise capabilities (it can cruise at speeds as high as 451 [[True airspeed|knots true airspeed (KTAS)]], or 424 KTAS with four passengers), good handling characteristics, a low fuel burn, and comfortable cabins.<ref name="impdb.org" /><ref name="aircharterservice.com" /><ref name="jetadvisors" /> Together with the Learjet 25, the Learjet 35 was a favorite among celebrities.<ref name="bbc.com" /><ref name="impdb.org" />

The Learjet 35 is one of Bombardier's most successful light jets and remains one of the fastest in its category on the private jet charter market.<ref name="aircharterservice.com" />

The Learjet 35 has been used to film aerial sequences for movies. A camera-equipped Learjet 35 was used to film some of the aerial sequences for the 1980 film ''[[The Final Countdown (film)|The Final Countdown]]''.

The Learjet 35 also appeared in the movies [[Between the Lines (TV series)|Between the Lines]] (Ep. 3.05, 1994), [[A Wing and a Prayer (1998 film)|A Wing and a Prayer]] (1998 TV Movie), [[Free Fall (1999 film)|Free Fall]] (1999), [[Prison Break (season 4)]] (Ep. 4.18, 2008), [[The Bourne Legacy (film)|The Bourne Legacy]], [[Fast & Furious 6]] (2013), and many others.<ref name="impdb.org" />

A 2018 survey by ''Corporate Jet Investor'' found 14.9% of Americans recognized the Learjet brand compared with 12.5% for [[Boeing]].<ref name="forbes.com" />

==Notable accidents and incidents==
{{See also|Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Learjet 35 family}}
* On 7 June 1982, during the [[Falklands War]], a Learjet 35 of Argentina's [[Escuadrón Fénix]] was shot down by [[HMS Exeter (D89)|HMS ''Exeter'']]. The aircraft had been participating in a reconnaissance mission when it was hit by a [[Sea Dart]] surface-to-air missile launched by the destroyer. All five crew were killed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm |title=Spyflight.co.uk Gates Learjet 35 |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310154148/http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm |archive-date=2007-03-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On 13 February 1983, a Learjet 35A carrying Sri Lankan business tycoon [[Upali Wijewardene]] disappeared over the [[Straits of Malacca]] (Malaysia). The wreckage has never been found, nor any trace of Wijewardene, his top executives, or crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.malaysiadivingcommunity.com/forum/lofiversion/index.php/t466.html |title=Malaysia Diving Community |access-date=2009-07-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714023715/http://www.malaysiadivingcommunity.com/forum/lofiversion/index.php/t466.html |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/1391 | title=Upali Wijewardena: Memories of the unforgettable tycoon| date=2010-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://help.com/post/24361-upali-wijewardene |title=Australia help: Upali Wijewardene - Help.com |access-date=2009-07-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604091453/http://help.com/post/24361-upali-wijewardene |archive-date=2009-06-04 }}</ref>
* On 17 September 1994, a Learjet 35A owned by Golden Eagle Aviation was accidentally shot down by the [[Republic of China Navy]] while being used as a [[target tug]]. All four crew on board were killed.<ref>{{cite web|title=ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A B-98181 Taitung|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19940917-1|website=ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A B-98181 Taitung|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Taiwan navy gunners kill crew by accident|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19940918&id=nYJSAAAAIBAJ&pg=4509,4713821|access-date=21 July 2016|publisher=Ocala Star-Banner|date=Sep 18, 1994}}</ref>
* On 17 April 1995, a C-21 crashed into a wooded area near [[Alexander City, Alabama]] killing the two pilots and six passengers, including [[Clark G. Fiester]], assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition, and [[Major General]] [[Glenn A Profitt II]].<ref>[http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=459 DefenseLink news release of C-21 accident]</ref>
* The [[1996 New Hampshire Learjet crash|1996 New Hampshire Learjet 35A crash]] on Christmas Eve, 24 December, led to the longest missing aircraft search in that state's history, lasting almost three years, and eventually resulted in Congressional legislation mandating improved [[Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon|emergency locator transmitters]] (ELTs) be installed in U.S.-registered business jets.
* On 29 August 1999, a U.S.-registered Learjet 35A owned by Corporate Jets, Inc., was shot down near [[Adwa]], [[Ethiopia]], while flying from [[Luxor]], [[Egypt]], to [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], with the loss of three persons.<ref name="ntsb5">[https://www.ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001212X19544&key=1 NTSB accident brief of Ethiopia shoot-down]</ref>
* On 25 October 1999, professional golfer [[Payne Stewart#Death|Payne Stewart]] and five others were killed in the [[1999 South Dakota Learjet crash|crash of a Learjet 35]]. The plane apparently suffered a loss of [[cabin pressure]] at some point early in the flight. All on board are thought to have died of [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]], lack of oxygen. The plane, apparently still on autopilot, continued flying until one engine flamed out, most likely from fuel starvation. It crashed near [[Aberdeen, South Dakota]] after an uncontrolled descent.  The exact cause of the pressurization failure and the reason behind the crew's failure or inability to respond to it have not been definitively determined.<ref name="ntsb1">[https://www.ntsb.gov/aab0001.htm Aircraft Accident Brief, N47BA]</ref>
* On 2 May 2000, a Learjet 35A carrying<ref>{{cite web|title=F1 News: Former Driver Recalls Horrific Plane Crash - You Don’t Forget Aircraft Crashes|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804214601/https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/f1-news-former-driver-recalls-horrific-plane-crash-you-dont-forget-aircraft-crashes-sj4}}</ref> [[David Coulthard]], experienced an engine failure and crashed<ref>{{cite web|title=Accident Learjet 35A G-MURI Tuesday 2 May 2000|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/323516}}</ref> near Lyon Satolas Airport, killing both pilots.
* On 24 October 2004, a Learjet 35A, [https://aviation-safety.net/asndb/322522 N30DK], departed Brown Field's runway 08 at 00:23 after dropping a medical patient off, and was returning to Albuquerque. It climbed straight ahead and the SoCAL TRACON controller instructed the pilots to turn to a heading of 020 degrees, maintain VFR (visual flight rules), and expect their IFR clearance above 5,000 feet. The aircraft then entered a broken-to-overcast layer of clouds and crashed into the Otay Mountain at an altitude of 2300 feet, killing all 5 occupants. 
* On 9 March 2006, [[Argentine Air Force]] Learjet 35A serial T-21 struck terrain and broke up shortly after takeoff from [[El Alto International Airport]] in La Paz, Bolivia killing all 6 on board. The Learjet was sent to Bolivia to deliver humanitarian aid.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20060309-0 |title = ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A T-21 la Paz-El Alto Airport (LPB)}}</ref>
* On 4 November 2007, a Learjet 35A crashed in [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]], after a failed takeoff attempt. It destroyed a house in a residential area near the [[Campo de Marte Airport]], killing the pilot, co-pilot and 6 family members who were in the house.<ref name="Folha de S.Paulo">[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u342541.shtml Folha Online - Cotidiano - Queda de avião destrói duas casas e interdita outras duas em SP - 04/11/2007<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* On 24 June 2014, a Learjet 35A of the [[Airbus Defence and Space|Gesellschaft für Flugzieldarstellung (GFD)]] was involved in a [[2014 Olsberg mid-air collision|mid-air collision]] with a [[Eurofighter Typhoon]] of the [[German Air Force]] and crashed at [[Olsberg, Germany]].
* On 9 November 2014, a private Learjet 36 crashed in [[Freeport, Bahamas|Freeport, Grand Bahamas]], Bahamas. The jet struck a shipping crane at the Grand Bahama Ship Yard, exploding on impact and crashing into the ground near a junkyard area. The plane was en route from the Lynden Pindling International Airport with nine people on board heading to Grand Bahama International Airport. All nine persons perished, including [[Myles Munroe]], a Bahamian pastor.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.tribune242.com/news/2014/nov/09/least-two-dead-plane-crashes-crane-shipyard/ |title = Dr Myles Munroe and His Wife Dead in Plane Crash}}</ref>
*  On 15 May 2017, Learjet 35A aircraft N452DA was on a repositioning flight from Philadelphia to [[Teterboro Airport]] in New Jersey, near New York City. The two pilots were killed after the aircraft [[2017 Teterboro Learjet crash|stalled and crashed]] into a warehouse while circling to land. The NTSB investigation cited pilot error in continuing an unstable approach.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1902.pdf |accessdate=19 March 2022 |title=Departure From Controlled Flight - Trans-Pacific Air Charter, LLC - Learjet 35A, N452DA - Teterboro, New Jersey - May 15, 2017 |website=www.ntsb.gov | publisher=National Transportation Safety Board| date=March 12, 2019 }}</ref>
* On 27 December 2021, Learjet 35 aircraft N880Z was en route to [[Gillespie Field]] (KSEE) in El Cajon, California, near San Diego when it crashed onto a nearby street, killing all four occupants.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-28|title=Small jet plane crashes in neighborhood near El Cajon: authorities|url=https://fox5sandiego.com/news/local-news/plane-crashes-in-neighborhood-near-el-cajon/|access-date=2021-12-28|website=FOX 5 San Diego|language=en-US}}</ref>
* On 1 July 2022, a medical flight Learjet 35A, registration LV-BPA, suffered an accident at the [[Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego|Río Grande]] Gob. Ramón Trejo Noel airport, in the Province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands, Argentina, killing all four occupants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Medina |first=Fernando |date=2022-07-01 |title=Confirmado: Se estrelló un lear jet sanitario y murieron los 4 ocupantes |url=https://www.resumenpolicial.com.ar/2022/07/01/confirmado-se-estrello-un-lear-jet-sanitario-y-murieron-los-4-ocupantes/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Resumen Policial |language=es-AR}}</ref>
* On 1 November 2023, a Learjet 35A operating as an air ambulance [[2023 Jet Rescue Air Ambulance Learjet 35 crash|overran]] runway 20 at [[Cuernavaca Airport]] in [[Morelos]] and went into a steep ravine, bursting into flames. The two pilots along with a passenger and a patient were killed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Runway excursion Accident Learjet 35A XA-IRE |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/347512 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-11-01 |title=Se desploma avioneta en Morelos y mueren cuatro personas |url=https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/2023/se-desploma-avioneta-en-morelos-y-mueren-cuatro-personas.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx |language=es}}</ref>
* On 23 July 2024, a private Learjet 35, registration PP-EER, crashed inside an eucalyptus plantation, in [[Matupá]], Brazil, killing the two crew members on board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Learjet 35 PP-ERR, Tuesday 23 July 2024 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/403993 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Villarroel |first=Rafael |date=23 July 2024 |title=Jatinho cai e pega fogo no MT; duas pessoas morreram |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/jatinho-cai-e-pega-fogo-no-mt-duas-pessoas-morreram/ |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR}}</ref>

==Operators==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2014}}

===Civilian operators===
The Learjet 35 is operated by private, corporate and air taxi operators.

===Military operators===

;{{ARG}}
* [[Argentine Air Force]] - operates a single Learjet 35 {{as of|2016|December|lc=y}}.<ref>Hoyle ''Flight International'' 6–12 December 2016, p. 29.</ref>
;{{BOL}}
* [[Bolivian Air Force]]
;{{BRA}}
* [[Brazilian Air Force]] - six in service {{as of|2016|December|lc=y}}.<ref>Hoyle ''Flight International'' 6–12 December 2016, p. 31.</ref>
;{{CHI}}
* [[Chilean Air Force]] - two in service {{as of|2015|December|lc=y}}.<ref>Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 35.</ref>
;{{FIN}}
* [[Finnish Air Force]] - three in service {{as of|2016|December|lc=y}}.<ref>Hoyle ''Flight International'' 6–12 December 2016, p. 35.</ref>
;{{JPN}}
* [[Japan Maritime Self Defense Force]] - 6 units overhauled from March 1986 to December 1993. 2 destroyed. Withdrawal on March 10, 2025.<ref name="scramble"/>
;{{MEX}}
* [[Mexican Air Force]]
;{{NAM}}
* [[Namibian Air Force]]
;{{PER}}
* [[Peruvian Air Force]] - one Learjet 36 in service {{as of|2016|December|lc=y}}.<ref>Hoyle ''Flight International'' 6–12 December 2016, p. 44.</ref>
;{{KSA}}
* [[Royal Saudi Air Force]]
;{{flag|Switzerland}}
* [[Swiss Air Force]]
;{{UAE}}
* [[United Arab Emirates Navy]]
;{{USA}}
* [[United States Air Force]] - 19 C-21A in service {{as of|2019|June|lc=y}}.<ref name="CAISEPT19-11">{{cite book|title=Combat Aircraft|date=September 2019|publisher=[[Key Publishing|Key Publishing Ltd]]|location=[[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[England]]|pages=11}}</ref>
* [[United States Navy]] - Two Learjet 35/36s {{as of|2016|December|lc=y}}.<ref>Hoyle ''Flight International'' 6–12 December 2016, p. 52.</ref>
;{{URU}}
* [[Uruguayan Air Force]] - Operated one L-35A from 1981 to 1988.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maruri |first=Juan |title=Historia de la Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya (1953 – 2004) |isbn=978-9974-96-255-2 |location=Montevideo, Uruguay |language=es |trans-title=History of the Uruguayan Air Force (1953 – 2004)}}</ref>
;{{THA}}
* [[Royal Thai Air Force]]

==Specifications (Learjet 36A)==
[[File:Bombardier C-21A 3-view line drawing.png|frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Bombardier C-21A]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81<ref name="jawa80 p342-3">Taylor 1980, pp. 342–343.</ref>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=two (pilot and copilot)
|capacity=
|length m=
|length ft=48
|length in=8
|span m=
|span ft=39
|span in=6
|span note=(over tip tanks)
|height m=
|height ft=12
|height in=3
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=253.3
|airfoil=NACA 64A-109 (mod)<ref name="jawa80 p340,2">Taylor 1980, pp. 340, 342.</ref>
|aspect ratio=5.74:1
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=9154
|gross weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=18000
|fuel capacity={{convert|1110|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on}} usable fuel
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Honeywell TFE731|Garrett TFE731-2-2B]]
|eng1 type=[[turbofan]]s
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=3500<!-- jet/rocket engines -->

<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=471
|max speed note=at {{convert|25000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=418
|cruise speed note=at {{convert|45000|ft|m|abbr=on}} (econ. cruise)
|stall speed kts=96
|stall speed note=(wheels and flaps down)
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=2857
|range note=(4 passengers)
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=45000
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=4525
|climb rate note=at sea level
|more performance=*'''Take-off run to 30 ft (9 m):''' {{convert|4784|ft|m|abbr=on}}
* '''Landing run from 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|2884|ft|m|abbr=on}}

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=
|lists=
* [[List of active United States military aircraft]]

}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="aircharterservice.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.aircharterservice.com/aircraft-guide/private/bombardier-canada/bombardierlearjet35 |title=Bombardier Learjet 35 |author=aircharterservice.com |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=2023-04-21 |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="internationalaviationhq">{{cite web |url=https://internationalaviationhq.com/2020/10/07/gates-learjet-35-learjets/ |title=Learjet 35: Learjet's Most Successful Jet Yet |author=internationalaviationhq.com |date= 7 October 2020|website= |publisher= |access-date=2023-04-21 |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150813-the-ultimate-in-personal-luxury |title=The Learjet: The private plane that changed travel |author=Jonathan Glancey |date=2015-08-13 |website= |publisher=BBC Culture |access-date=2023-04-21 |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="impdb.org">{{cite web |url=https://impdb.org/index.php?title=Category:Learjet_35/36 |title=Category:Learjet 35/3 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=The Internet Movie Plane Database |access-date=2023-04-21 |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="jetadvisors">{{cite web |url=https://jetadvisors.com/jet/learjet-35a/ |title=Learjet 35A - Description |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Jet Advisors |access-date=2023-04-21 |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="forbes.com">How To Fly A Learjet Like Arnold Palmer, Frank Sinatra And James Brown: [https://www.forbes.com/sites/douggollan/2021/02/15/how-to-fly-a-learjet-like-arnold-palmer-frank-sinatra-and-james-brown/ How To Fly A Learjet Like Arnold Palmer, Frank Sinatra And James Brown], accessdate: April 21, 2023</ref>
}}

* {{cite magazine |last=Griffiths |first=Andrew |title=Learjet–The End of an Era |magazine=Air-Britain Aviation World |date=Summer 2022 |pages=130–135 |issn=1742-996X}}
* {{cite magazine |last =Hoyle |first =Craig |title = World Air Forces|magazine= [[Flight International]] |date=8–14 December 2015 |pages=26–53|volume=188|issue=5517}}
* {{cite magazine |last =Hoyle |first =Craig |title = World Air Forces Directory|magazine= [[Flight International]] |date=6–12 December 2016 |pages=22–53|volume=190|issue=5566}}
* {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W. R.|author-link=John W. R. Taylor|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81|year=1980|publisher=Jane's Publishing Company|location=London|isbn=0 7106-0705-9}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Learjet 35}}

{{Learjet}}
{{Bombardier Aerospace}}
{{US transport aircraft}}
{{Thai transport aircraft designations}}
{{Thai observation aircraft designations}}
{{FAB aircraft designations}}

[[Category:Learjet aircraft|35]]
[[Category:1970s United States business aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1973]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]