View source for Lawrence Booth

{{Short description|Archbishop of York from 1476 to 1480}}
{{other people}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = [[The Most Reverend]] and [[Right Honourable]] 
| name             = Lawrence Booth
| title            = [[Archbishop of York]] and [[Primate of England]]
| image            = <!-- coats of arms are placed below in the coat of arms parameter -->
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| religion         = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| appointed        = 1 September 1476
| term_end         = 19 May 1480
| predecessor      = [[George Neville (archbishop)|George Neville]]
| successor        = [[Thomas Rotherham]]
| other_post       = [[List of Lord Chancellors and Lord Keepers|Lord Chancellor and <br />Keeper of the Great Seal]]
| ordination       = 1441
| consecration     = 25 September 1457
| birth_date       = {{circa|1420}}
| birth_place      = [[Barton-upon-Irwell|Barton, Lancashire]], England
| death_date       = 19 May 1480 (aged 60)
| death_place      = [[Cawood Castle|Cawood Castle, Yorkshire]]
| buried           = [[Southwell Minster]]
| parents          = 
| previous_post    = {{unbulleted list|[[Prince-Bishop of Durham]]|[[Dean of St Paul's]]}}
| alma_mater       = [[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke Hall, Cambridge]]
| coat_of_arms     = Coat of arms of Archbishop Lawrence Booth.svg
}}
'''Lawrence Booth''' ({{circa|1420}}&nbsp;– 1480) served as [[bishop of Durham]] and [[Lord Chancellor|lord chancellor of England]], before being appointed [[archbishop of York]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05211a.htm ''Catholic Encyclopaedia'']</ref>

==Life==
The illegitimate son of John Booth,<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/booth-john-i-1422 www.historyofparliamentonline.org]</ref> [[lord of the manor]] of [[Barton-upon-Irwell|Barton]], near [[Eccles, Greater Manchester|Eccles]], [[Lancashire]],<ref name=ODNB-LBooth/> he was half-brother of Sir Robert Booth of [[Dunham Massey]], [[Cheshire]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zs2YIGYcFYMC&dq=Lawrence+Booth+burke%27s&pg=PA71 ''Burke's Extinct Baronetcies'': BOOTH, Bt]</ref>

Booth read [[Civil law (legal system)|civil]] and [[canon law]] at [[Cambridge University|Cambridge]],<ref>{{acad|id=BT450L|name=Booth, Laurence}}</ref> graduating as [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]] (Lic.C.L.), before receiving a [[Doctor of Divinity]] (D.D.). He was elected [[Master (college)|Master]] of [[Pembroke College, Cambridge|Pembroke Hall]] in 1450, a post he held until his death, and also served as [[List of Chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Chancellor of the University of Cambridge]]. Whilst at [[Cambridge]], where he started a movement for both a [[Faculty (division)|School]] of [[the Arts|Arts]] and a [[Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge|School of Civil Law]], he is believed to have produced his first [[miracle]],<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=12486 www.catholic.org]</ref> but cause for his [[beatification]] or [[canonization]] is yet to be introduced.

Outside Cambridge, Booth's career was helped by his half-brother [[William Booth (bishop)|William Booth]], who was [[Bishop of Lichfield|Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield]] (1447–1452) and [[Archbishop of York]] (1452–1464).<ref name=ODNB-LBooth>Pollard, A. J. (2008). "Booth, Laurence (c.1420–1480)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.</ref> In 1449, he was appointed a [[prebendary]] of [[St Paul's Cathedral]]<ref>Jones ''[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32284 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield diocese: Prebendaries: Offley]''</ref> and, on 2 November 1456, became [[Dean (religion)|Dean]] of [[St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's]].<ref>Horn ''[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32379 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 5: St Paul's, London: Deans of St Paul's]''</ref> He was also a prebendary of [[York Minster]]<ref>Jones ''[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32552 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 6: Northern Province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Prebendaries: Wistow]''</ref> and of [[Lichfield Cathedral]].<ref>Jones ''[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32280 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield Diocese: Prebendaries: Gaia Major]''</ref> From 1454 to 1457 he was [[Archdeacon of Richmond]].<ref name=BHO1300>Jones ''[http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32516 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 6: Northern province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Archdeacons: Richmond]''</ref>

Booth's influence was not confined to the [[Catholic Church|Church]]; he was also active in government. He was [[chancellor]] to [[Margaret of Anjou]] and, in about 1456, he became [[Lord Privy Seal|Keeper of the Privy Seal]],<ref name=Handbook95>Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 95.</ref> and in that same year on 28 January he was also appointed one of the tutors and guardians of the [[Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales]]. He was [[Lord Privy Seal]] until 1460.<ref name=Handbook95/> In 1457 he also served briefly as [[Provost of Beverley Minster]].<ref>[https://beverleyminster.org.uk/visit-us-2/abbots-provosts-incumbents/ www.beverleyminster.org.uk]</ref>

On 25 September 1457, Booth was installed as [[Bishop of Durham|Prince-Bishop of Durham]].<ref name=Handbook242>Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 242</ref>

Although from a [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] family, he cultivated relations with the [[Yorkist]]s and, after the fall of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], Booth adapted himself to the new ''status quo''. He submitted himself to King [[Edward IV of England|Edward (the former Earl of March)]] in April 1461, and by the end of June, Booth defeated a raid led by the [[Baron|Lord]]s [[Baron de Ros|de Ros]], [[Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre|Dacre]] and [[Rugemont Castle|Rugemont-Grey]] who brought Henry VI over the border to try to raise a rebellion in the north of England.<ref name=Ross45>Ross ''Edward IV'' pp. 45–6</ref> King Edward named him his [[confessor]].<ref name=Seward85>Seward ''The Wars of the Roses'' p. 85</ref> Although he temporarily lost control of the [[palatinate of Durham]], he was restored in 1464, after making a submission to Edward IV; he was successful in part by being a prelate who was never imprisoned in that era.<ref name=Davies141>Davies "The Church and the Wars of the Roses" in ''The Wars of the Roses'' p. 141</ref> He resumed activity in Edward's government{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} thereafter being appointed, on 27 July 1473, [[List of Lord Chancellors and Lord Keepers|Lord Chancellor]], serving until May 1474.<ref name=Handbook87>Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 87</ref> In October 1473 he led a delegation to Scotland to formally sign the marriage treaty between the newborn son (later [[James IV of Scotland]]) of [[James III of Scotland|James III]] and Edward's third daughter [[Cecily of York|Cecily]].<ref name=Ross213>Ross ''Edward IV'' p. 213</ref>

In 1476 Booth was [[Translation (ecclesiastical)|translated]] to the [[see of York]],<ref name=Handbook282>Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 282</ref> previously held by his half-brother. He was the only [[prelate]] after King Edward IV's accession ever promoted to higher office.<ref name=Ross318>Ross ''Edward IV'' p. 318</ref>

Booth served as Archbishop of York until his death on 19 May 1480,<ref name=Handbook282/> and is buried beside William Booth, in the [[Collegiate Church of Southwell]], which they both generously endowed.<ref>[http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/articles/tts/tts1918/southwell2.htm www.nottshistory.org.uk]</ref><ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/notts/vol2/pp152-161 www.british-history.ac.uk]</ref>

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Booth baronets}}
* {{annotated link|York Minster}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|60em}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Davies, Richard G. |title=The Church and the Wars of the Roses |encyclopedia =The Wars of the Roses|editor=Pollard, A. J. |location=New York |publisher= St. Martin's Press |year=1995 |isbn= 0-312-12697-2}}
* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite book |author=Horn, Joyce M. |title= Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 5: St Paul's, London: Deans of St Paul's |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32379 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1963}}
* {{cite book |author=Jones, B. |title= Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 6: Northern province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Archdeacons: Richmond |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |url=http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32516 |year=1963}}
* {{cite book |author=Jones, B. |title= Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 6: Northern province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Prebendaries: Wistow |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |url=http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32552 |year=1963}}
* {{cite book |author=Jones, B. |title= Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield diocese: Prebendaries: Gaia Major |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32280 |year=1964}}
* {{cite book |author=Jones, B. |title= Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: Volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield diocese: Prebendaries: Offley |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=32284 |year=1964}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Pollard, A. J. |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2888 |title=Booth, Laurence (c.1420–1480) |encyclopedia =Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/2888 |edition= January 2008|url-access=subscription }} {{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite book |author-link=Charles Ross (historian) |author=Ross, Charles |title=Edward IV |location=Berkeley |publisher= University of California Press |year= 1974 |isbn= 0-520-02781-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Seward, Desmond |title=The Wars of the Roses: Through the Lives of Five Men and Women of the Fifteenth Century |location=New York |publisher=Viking |year= 1995 |isbn= 0-670-84258-3}}
{{refend}}

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{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Chancellor of the University of Cambridge]] |years=1456–1458}}
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{{House of York Lord Chancellors}}
{{St Paul's Cathedral}}
{{Bishops of Durham}}
{{Archbishops of York}}
{{Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Booth, Lawrence}}
[[Category:1420s births]]
[[Category:1480 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Archdeacons of Richmond]]
[[Category:Deans of St Paul's]]
[[Category:Bishops of Durham]]
[[Category:15th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:Lord chancellors of England]]
[[Category:Lords Privy Seal]]
[[Category:15th-century venerated Christians]]
[[Category:Clerks of the Closet]]
[[Category:Archbishops of York]]
[[Category:Booth family (Dunham Massey)|Lawrence]]

[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]