View source for Lambsar Castle

{{Infobox building
| name                = Lambsar
| native_name         = لمبسر
| native_name_lang    = fa <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
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| image               = Lambesar 2.jpg
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| caption             = Lambsar Castle
| map_type            = Iran
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| building_type       = Castle
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| location            = [[Alamut]]
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| location_town       = [[Razmian]]
| location_country    = [[Iran]]
| coordinates         = {{coord|36.5476|50.2273|display=inline,title}}
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}}
{{Ismailis|Ismaili History}}
'''Lambsar''' ({{langx|fa|لمبسر}}, also pronounced '''Lamsar'''), '''Lamasar''', '''Lambasar''', '''Lambesar''' ({{lang|fa|لمبه سر}}) or '''Lomasar''' ({{lang|fa|لمسر}})<ref>{{cite book |last1=يوسف |first1=فضايى، |title=تحقيق در تاريخ و عقايد مذاهب اهل سنت اسماعيليه |date=2004 |publisher=آشيانه كتاب، |page=366 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9iPAAAAMAAJ |language=fa}}</ref> was probably the largest and the most fortified of the [[List of Ismaili castles|Ismaili castles]]. The fortress is located in the central [[Alborz]] mountains, south of the [[Caspian Sea]], about 120&nbsp;km from present-day [[Tehran|Tehran, Iran]]. Lambsar is to the northeast of Razmian village (the central district of Rudbar e Shahrestan).

[[Kiya Buzurg Ummid]] (died 1138) captured the castle from Rasamuj and rebuilt it into a major stronghold using local labour. He was appointed by [[Hassan-i Sabbah]] (died 1124) as its governor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Castle of Lamasar|url=http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=105098|publisher=[[Institute of Ismaili Studies]]|accessdate=11 February 2014}}</ref>

Only ruins remain of this magnificent fortress today. Very deep valleys  surrounding the fortress make it impossible to access from the East and West sides. The North and South fronts are the only possible ways to get into the fortress. Although the slope of the mountain with a difference of 150m on both levels is stretched from north to south with a length of 480m, the castle is more than 190m in width.  The huge two-layered parapets made up of very large 10m high stones, along with the main building in the north of the fortress with 1.2m wide cut stone walls, wonderful water reservoirs and grain stores in the south and southeast of the castle, towers and a water supply system are among the characteristics and features left within the Lambsar fortress which intrigue visitors. In the North side of the fortress a huge building with 4 smaller extensions remain which face to the East.

==Final days==
{{Main|Mongol campaign against the Nizaris}}

The Isma'ilis’ forts were the last line of defense against [[Mongol]] aggression in Persia. The Mongols had a hard time conquering the Isma'ili forts. [[Hulaku Khan]] was disappointed with his commanders therefore he took over an army of 10,000 soldiers and moved toward Alamut. In 1256 AD after a couple months the [[Meymoon-Dej]] (Meymoon-Diž, {{langx|fa|میمون دژ}}) fort surrendered to Hulaku’s army, and Imam [[Rukn-ud-Din Khurshah|Rukn ad-Din Khurshah]] was captured. Hulaku Khan asked Khurshah to order his followers to surrender, but Lambsar fort, [[Gerdkuh]] fort and Alamut fort did not follow the order.  Finally after a year of resisting, a cholera epidemic took many lives in Lambsar and the fort fell in January 1257.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bretschneider |first1=E. |title=Mediæval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources: pt. 3. Explanation of a Mongol-Chinese mediæval map of central and western Asia. pt. 4 Chinese intercourse with the countries of central and western Asia during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries |date=1910 |publisher=K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, Limited |page=110 |language=en}}</ref> Hulaku ordered the fort ruined and beheaded whoever had survived the deadly disease. In 1275 AD and again in 1389 AD, small groups of Isma'ilis who had survived the Mongol invasions attempted to recapture Alamut, but their attempts were short-lived.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Lambsar fortress.JPG|The castle measures 180m in width, with walls measuring 1.2 m in thickness at places.
File:Lambsar Fortress 2.jpg|Remains of Lambsar Castle
File:LamsaCas.jpg|Around Lambsar Castle
File:Lambsar Fortress 1.jpg|Lambsar Castle, top view
File:Lambesar 2000.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Muhammad Tapar's anti-Nizari campaign]]
*[[Ismaili]]
*[[Iranian architecture]]
*[[Alamut Castle]]
*[[Atashgah Castle]]
*[[Masyaf Castle]]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Lambsar Castle}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194444/http://qazvintourism.com/historical/ecaption.asp?id=82&id1=acropolis Pictures of Lambesar Fortress]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Qazvin Province}}
{{Sasanian castles}}
{{Castles in Iran}}
{{Ismaili castles}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 4th century]]
[[Category:Castles in Iran]]
[[Category:Architecture in Iran]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Qazvin province]]
[[Category:Alamut]]
[[Category:Castles of the Nizari Ismaili state]]
[[Category:4th-century fortifications]]
[[Category:National works of Iran]]
[[Category:Nizari Ismaili–Seljuk conflicts]]
[[Category:Sasanian castles]]
[[Category:Rock castles]]