View source for L (SEPTA Metro)

{{Short description|Rapid transit line in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Redirect|Blue Line (Philadelphia)|the Interstate Highway|Blue Route (Pennsylvania)}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = [[File:SEPTA L icon.svg|50px]]
| image = SEPTA63rdStreetStationPlatform2007.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = A train at [[63rd Street station (SEPTA Metro)|63rd Street station]] in 2007
| type = [[Rapid transit]]
| system = [[SEPTA Metro]]
| status = Operating
| locale = [[Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Darby]], [[Millbourne, Pennsylvania|Millbourne]] and [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| start = [[Frankford Transit Center]]
| end = [[69th Street Transit Center]]
| stations = 28
| routes = {{plainlist|
* {{ric|SEPTA Metro|L1}}{{nbsp}}All Stops
}}
| daily_ridership = 107,651 ({{abbr|FY|Fiscal year}} 2023)<ref name="ridership">{{cite web | title=Route Operating Statistics | url=https://public.tableau.com/shared/D9P89XMFT | accessdate=May 6, 2024}}</ref>
| website = {{url|septa.org/schedules/L1}}
| open = {{Start date|1907|03|04}}
| close =
| owner = [[Philadelphia|City of Philadelphia]] (Frankford to 15th St)<br />[[SEPTA]] (15th St to 69th St)
| operator = 1907–39: Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company<br />1940–68: [[Philadelphia Transportation Company]]<br />1968–present: [[SEPTA]]
| character = [[Elevated railway|Elevated]] and [[Rapid transit|underground]]
| stock =
| linelength = {{convert|12.9|mi|km|2|abbr=out}}
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{RailGauge|5ft21/4in}} [[Pennsylvania trolley gauge]]
| minradius =
| electrification = {{700 V DC|conductor=third rail}}<ref>{{cite web |title=SEPTA Wants Public to Watch Their Step |url=https://www.septa.org/media/releases/2017/11-21-17b.html |website=septa.org |access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> (previously {{600 V DC}})
| speed = {{Convert|19|mph|abbr=on}} ({{Tooltip|avg.|average speed (including stops)}})<!-- Calculated using 12.9 mile length and 41 minute end to end run time --><br />{{Convert|55|mph|abbr=on}} ({{Tooltip|top|top speed}})
| elevation =
| map = {{switcher
|{{maplink-road|from=Market–Frankford Line.map}}
|Show interactive map
|{{L (SEPTA Metro)}}
|Show route diagram map
}}
| map_state =
}}
The '''L''',{{efn|[[Naming convention|Conventions]] for line names state they are to be referred to by letter only (i.e. "the L", not "the L line")<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwww.septa.org/metro/unification-reorganization/|title=SEPTA Metro: Unification and Reorganization|publisher=[[SEPTA]]|access-date=May 18, 2024}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority {{!}} Serving Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties |url=https://www.septa.org/schedules |access-date=February 18, 2025 |website=www.septa.org |language=en}}</ref> formerly known as the '''Market–Frankford Line''',{{efn|Also known as the '''Blue Line''' or the '''El''' ({{IPAc-en|ɛ|l}}; short for elevated train)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iseptaphilly.com/marketfrankford-broadstreetlines |title=How to Ride – Market–Frankford and Broad Street Lines |publisher=I SEPTA Philly |access-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref>}} is a [[rapid transit]] line in the [[SEPTA Metro]] network in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, United States. The L runs from the [[69th Street Transit Center]] in [[Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Darby]], just outside of [[West Philadelphia]], through [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City Philadelphia]] to the [[Frankford Transit Center]] in [[Near Northeast Philadelphia]]. Starting in 2024, the line was rebranded as the "L" as part of the implementation of [[SEPTA Metro]], wherein line names are simplified to a single letter.

The L is the busiest route in the [[SEPTA]] system; it had more than 170,000 boardings on an average weekday in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Service Plan |url=http://septa.org/strategic-plan/reports/FY%202020%20Annual%20Service%20Plan-update.WEB.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827224154/http://septa.org/strategic-plan/reports/FY%202020%20Annual%20Service%20Plan-update.WEB.pdf |archive-date=August 27, 2020 |access-date=September 27, 2020 |website=SEPTA}}</ref> The line has elevated and underground portions.

== Route ==
The L begins at [[69th Street Transit Center]] in [[Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Darby]]. The L then heads east at ground level and passes north of the borough of [[Millbourne, Pennsylvania|Millbourne]]. From there, it enters [[West Philadelphia]] and is [[elevated railway|elevated]] over [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]] until 46th Street, where it curves north and east and then descends underground via a portal at 44th Street. At 42nd Street, the tunnel returns to the alignment of Market Street.

At 32nd Street, the tunnel carrying the [[SEPTA subway–surface trolley lines|T]] routes join the L tunnel. The L tracks are in the center and the trolley tracks are on the outside. [[Drexel Station at 30th Street|Drexel]] consists of an island platform between the two innermost tracks for L trains, and outboard "wall" platforms for T [[tram|trolleys]]. After passing beneath the [[Schuylkill River]], the next stop to the east for L trains is at [[15th Street/City Hall station|15th Street/City Hall]]; T trolleys also have stations at [[22nd Street station (SEPTA)|22nd Street]] and [[19th Street station (SEPTA)|19th Street]]. 15th Street/City Hall is the central interchange station for the L, T, and [[Broad Street Line|B]]. The T tracks end in a [[balloon loop|loop]] beneath Juniper Street at Market just after crossing above the B.

Though it now tunnels in a straight line directly beneath [[Philadelphia City Hall]], prior to 1936, the original MFL trackage between 15th and 13th Street stations separated and looped around the foundation of City Hall (eastbound trains passed around the south side and westbound trains passed around the north side).{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=32}} Parts of that original alignment are now used by T cars as they pass south of City Hall en route to 13th Street station (as well as the bridgework in the ceiling of the southbound platform of the City Hall stop on the Broad Street line). The Market Street tunnel continues east to Front Street and then turns north, where it rises in the median of [[Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania|I-95]]. The rail line and freeway share an elevated embankment for about {{convert|1/2|mi|1}}, including [[Spring Garden station (SEPTA Metro)|Spring Garden station]], which replaced Fairmount station on the Frankford Elevated in 1977. The line then heads under the southbound lanes and over Front Street for about a mile on an elevated structure. The elevated structure then turns northeast onto Kensington Avenue, which after about {{convert|2|mi}}, merges with Frankford Avenue (which the line follows to its end). Just north of Pratt Street, a curve to the north brings the line to its terminus at the Frankford Transit Center, which replaced the original Bridge & Pratt Street terminal.

== History ==
===20th century===
[[File:Frankford1918.png|thumb|Frankford Terminal in 1918 prior to the construction of Frankford Elevated]]
The original subway tunnel from [[Philadelphia City Hall]] to the portal at 23rd Street, as well as the bridge to carry the line across the [[Schuylkill River]], just north of [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]], were built from April 1903 to August 1905.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|pp=6–7}} Construction on the Market Street Elevated west from this point began In April 1904, and the line opened on March 4, 1907, from [[69th Street Terminal]] to a loop around [[Philadelphia City Hall]] at 15th Street.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=16}} The line was elevated west of the river and underground east of the river. The tunnel was also used by streetcar lines, now SEPTA's T lines, that entered the line just east of the river and turned around at the City Hall loop. Philadelphia was unusual in that the construction of its initial downtown subway was undertaken using Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co. (PRT) private capital with no contribution from public funds.{{sfnp|Cudahy|2003|p=279}}

Extensions took the subway east to 2nd Street on August 3, 1908,{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=16}} and via a portal at 2nd street and several elevated curves it reached the [[Delaware River]] between Market Street and Chestnut Street on September 7, 1908.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=16}} The Delaware Avenue Elevated (also called the Ferry Line, because of the multiple ferries across the river) opened on October 4, 1908,{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=16}} as a further extension south along the river to South Street. The only two stations on this extension were Market–Chestnut and South Street.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=16}}

The total cost, including road and equipment expenditures, of the Market Street subway and elevated was {{US$|23,072,114|1908|long=no|link=yes|round=-2|about=yes}}.<ref name=tac1>{{cite report |title=Report on behalf of the City of Philadelphia on the valuation of the property of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company |date=1922 |author=Feustel, Robert M. Consulting Engineer |page=101}}</ref>

The first operating section of the Frankford Elevated was planned to extend from Arch Street, connecting with PTC Market Street line to Bridge Street, {{convert|6.4|mi}}. Construction, financed by the City of Philadelphia and managed by the Department of City Transit, was started in September 1915.{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=18}} At that time, construction was anticipated to require about three years.<ref>City of Philadelphia, Department of City Transit. 1922. The first operating sections of the Frankford elevated railway and Bustleton surface line: a souvenir booklet giving a brief account of their construction, equipment and operating agreement</ref> However, construction was slowed because of [[World War I]].

By February 1920, 65 percent of the construction work had been completed and 15 percent was under contract. Of the remainder, plans had been completed for ten percent, leaving approximately ten percent of construction "yet to be arranged for".{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=18}} The superstructure had been completed between Dyre Street (south of Pratt Street) to a point just north of Arch Street. However, only two stations had been completed, and six had not been started.{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=17}} Signals, substations and cars had "yet to be arranged for".{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=14}} In 1919, the Public Service Commission of Pennsylvania approved a connection between the Frankford and Market Street lines in 1919, with signals and signal tower to be built by PRT.{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=18}} However, the Philadelphia City Solicitor determined that the connection could not be built until a contract for operation had been signed and approved by the PSC.{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=19}} This did not take place until 1922. The line was dedicated on November{{nbsp}}4, 1922, and opened for service on November 5.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=17}}<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.septa.org/inside/history/mfse.html| title=Market-Frankford Subway–Elevated Line| publisher=SEPTA| access-date=September 8, 2008| archive-date=March 28, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328134244/http://www.septa.org/inside/history/mfse.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> Trains from 69th Street alternated between the Frankford and Ferry Line terminals.

Total expenditures by the city for the Frankford El "with its track, substations, equipment and certain rolling stock" was $15,604,000 to December{{nbsp}}31, 1929.<ref name=tac1a>{{cite report |title=Report of Transit Advisory Committee to General Conference on Transit Situation in Philadelphia |date=May 24, 1930 |page=14}} (The "Letter of Transmittal" is signed by J.A. Emery, Chairman, and [[Milo R. Maltbie]], W. K. Myers and S. M. Swaab)</ref>

The planned and authorized second section of the Frankford El, Bridge Street to Rhawn Street with intermediate stations at Comly Street, Levick Street, Tyson Avenue, and Cottman Avenue, {{convert|3.0|mi}}{{sfnp|Twining|1920|p=17}} was not built.

Following the opening of the [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge|Delaware River Bridge]] (now the Benjamin Franklin Bridge) in 1926, traffic on the Delaware Ave branch declined sharply.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=24}} Evening, Sunday and holiday service was discontinued on January{{nbsp}}24, 1937. Sunday and holiday service was restored from May{{nbsp}}30 to September{{nbsp}}13, 1937, and again from July{{nbsp}}3 to September{{nbsp}}12, 1938. The last day of service was May{{nbsp}}6, 1939, with the last train departing South Street at 7:00{{nbsp}}p.m.<ref name=inqy>{{Cite news |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=May 7, 1939 |page=1}}</ref> Thereafter, the line was closed and dismantled. A replacement bus service was started in 1943 to serve wartime traffic, and continued in operation until 1953.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=24}} The old interlocking tower and stub of the junction with the Ferry Line survived until the realignment into the median of I-95 in 1977.

As part of a program of railroad improvements undertaken by the City of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Railroad, a new section of tunnel from 22nd Street to 46th Street was started in 1930,{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=28}} which would allow for removal of the elevated structure east of 46th Street and the old Schuylkill River Bridge. Coinciding with this project, a new bridge was also to be built across the river for automobile traffic; this raised the level of the street to permit the roadway to pass over the underground tracks of the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] near their new 30th Street Station. This resulted in a reduction of vertical clearance under the old elevated structure from {{convert|20|ft}} to only {{convert|8|ft}},{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=28}} which was expected to be only a temporary problem until the new subway tunnel was complete. Funding ran out before the subway extension could be finished.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=28}} Although streetcar tracks were installed in the new Market Street Bridge, there was insufficient clearance to pass any cars under the elevated, and no service would ever be provided over the new tracks.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=28}} Subway construction resumed in 1947,{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=32}} and the current configuration opened on November{{nbsp}}6, 1955.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=32}} The old elevated structure was removed by June{{nbsp}}20, 1956.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=32}} While the track was redirected into the new subway, a short stub of the old elevated structure remained at 45th Street until the reconstruction of the Market Street Elevated in 2008.

In addition to extending the Market Street subway tunnel west to 46th Street, with new stations at 30th, 34th and 40th streets,{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=32}} a new trolley tunnel was built under Market, Ludlow and 36th streets and the former Woodland Avenue, leading to a new western portal at 40th Street for routes 11, 13, 34 and 36 (route 10 trolleys use a separate portal at 36th and Ludlow). New stations for the trolleys were constructed at 22nd, 30th, 33rd (between Market and Ludlow), 36th (at Sansom), and 37th (at Spruce) streets. The 24th Street trolley station and tunnel portal was abandoned. The tunnel mouth was visible from Market Street{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=28}} until the Philadelphia Electric Company (now [[PECO Energy|PECO]]) built the [[PECO Building]] on the site in 1969.

[[Skip-stop]] operation began on January{{nbsp}}30, 1956.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=32}} In the original skip-stop configuration, in addition to the A and B stops shown on the map above, 2nd and 34th Street were "A" stations, and Fairmount (replaced by Spring Garden) was a "B" station; the A and B designations at these stations were changed to "All-Stop" because of increased patronage in the 1990s. As [[Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania|I-95]] was built through Center City Philadelphia in the late 1970s, part of the Frankford El was relocated to I-95's median, and the Fairmount station was replaced by [[Spring Garden station (Market–Frankford Line)|Spring Garden]], on May{{nbsp}}16, 1977. Skip-stop operation, which was only available during rush hours on weekdays, was discontinued on February{{nbsp}}21, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/septa-ending-ab-service-market-frankford-line-el-20200122.html|first=Anna|last=Orso|title=SEPTA to end A/B stops on the Market-Frankford Line|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=January 22, 2020|access-date=April 8, 2023}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:SEPTA M-4 1179 at 11th Street station.jpeg|thumb|L train at [[11th Street station (Market–Frankford Line)|11th Street station]] in 2019]]
Between 1988 and 2003, SEPTA undertook a $493.3{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arema.org/eseries/scriptcontent/custom/e_arema/library/1999_Conference_Proceedings/00023.pdf |title=The Frankford Elevated Reconstruction Project}}</ref> complete reconstruction of the Frankford side of the Market–Frankford Line between Frankford Transit Center and the 2nd Street portal. The new Frankford Elevated was built with new stringers and deck installed on the original columns, thus giving not only a reduction in cost, but also reducing the street-level impact on adjoining neighborhoods. The old ballasted trackage was replaced with a [[Slab track|direct fixation]] system. In addition to the new Elevated structure, all of the stations were replaced with new stations with higher boarding platforms and elevators, allowing customers with disabilities to easily board and depart from Market-Frankford trains. The reconstruction of the Frankford Elevated structure was mostly complete by 2000, with the exception of the elevated section from Dyre Street, just south of the Bridge-Pratt terminal, to the Frankford Yard entrance. The basic design of the bearings of the reconstructed Frankford Elevated, however, was not appropriate for the repetitive loading from the train traffic. The bearing design did not take into consideration the interaction of the concrete haunches with the steel stringers when loaded by the passing train;<ref>SEPTA v. PTC Expert Report{{full citation needed|date=October 2023}}</ref> and the concrete has started to fracture and drop onto the street below. The problem was first discovered in 1997, but at that time was simply attributed to faulty construction, without evaluation of the root cause. As a temporary fix, SEPTA has installed 10,000 metal mesh belts on the underside of the structure. Estimates for a permanent fix placed the cost at about $20{{nbsp}}million, and SEPTA has filed suit against the engineering companies that contributed to the design flaw to recover part of the repair cost.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/59708062.html |first=Paul |last=Nussbaum |title=Frankford El with potential to crumble needs repairs |publisher=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=September 18, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kyw1060.com/pages/5251090.php? |first=Paul |last=Kurtz |title=Septa Sues Two Companies Over Crumbling 'El' Structures |publisher=KYW News |date=September 18, 2009}}</ref> Work on the permanent fix is currently underway.

SEPTA then undertook a $567{{nbsp}}million complete reconstruction of the Market Street Elevated between 69th Street Transportation Center and the 44th Street portal between 1999 and 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theelseptaatwork.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004015511/http://theelseptaatwork.com/ |title=Weekend El Shutdowns until Thanksgiving. Thank you for your patience as SEPTA rebuilds the El. |publisher=SEPTA |archive-date=October 4, 2006 |date=September 2006}}</ref> The New Market Street Elevated was an entirely new structure, utilizing single-pillar supports in place of the old-style dual pillar design, allowing the [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) to undertake a planned widening project on Market Street to four lanes between 63rd Street and 44th Street. In addition to the new Elevated structure, all of the stations (including Millbourne) were again replaced with new stations having higher boarding platforms and elevators, allowing customers with disabilities to easily board and depart from trains. The reconstruction of the Market St. Elevated superstructure was completed in 2008, and the last station, 63rd Street, was completed and reopened on May{{nbsp}}4, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.septa.org/inside/reports/Phila_0606.pdf |publisher=SEPTA |date=July 2006 |title=SEPTA Capital Improvements in the City of Philadelphia. |pages=7–8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009001245/http://www.septa.org/inside/reports/Phila_0606.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2008}}</ref> The Market St. Elevated is not of the same design as the Frankford Elevated, so it does not share any of the Frankford design flaws.

In 2003, the Bridge-Pratt terminal was closed and replaced with the new [[Frankford Transit Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.septa.org/inside/reports/Phila_0606.pdf |publisher=SEPTA |date=July 2006 |title=SEPTA Capital Improvements in the City of Philadelphia. |page=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009001245/http://www.septa.org/inside/reports/Phila_0606.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2008}}</ref> After Bridge-Pratt closed, the station platforms and the remaining unrebuilt elevated structure above Frankford Avenue and Bridge Street were demolished. The new $160{{nbsp}}million Frankford terminal facility was built on a tract of land off Frankford Avenue formerly part of the adjacent bus and [[Trolleybuses in Philadelphia|trackless trolley]] service depot.

In November 2011, the [[Federal Transit Administration]] (FTA), through its competitive Fiscal Year 2011 Sustainability Initiative, awarded $1.4{{nbsp}}million to SEPTA to install a "wayside energy storage system" on the Market–Frankford Line. The system stores energy from braking trains in a battery that may be used later.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.rtands.com/newsflash/fta-divides-112-million-among-46-green-transit-projects-4749.html |title=FTA divides $112 million among 46 "green" transit projects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419142338/http://www.rtands.com/newsflash/fta-divides-112-million-among-46-green-transit-projects-4749.html |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |publisher=[[Railway Track & Structures]] |date=November 18, 2011}}</ref>

=== Extension proposal ===
An extension of the then-Market–Frankford Line from Frankford to Roosevelt Boulevard and Bustleton Avenue had been proposed in 2011, but no plans or extension construction has taken place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://philadelphia2050.blogspot.com/2011/05/extending-market-frankford-line.html|title=Crossing the Lines: Extending the Market-Frankford Line|last=Stofka|first=Steve|date=May 25, 2011|website=Crossing the Lines |access-date=April 21, 2016}}</ref>

=== Proposed infill station ===
In the City of Philadelphia's 2021 Transit Plan, one proposal in their list of possible high-capacity transit expansion plans was an [[infill station]] located between the L's [[15th Street/City Hall station|15th Street/City Hall]] and Drexel stations. The 9-block area between the two stations was cited as being a major part of Philadelphia's [[Central business district]] since the 1960's. The plan stated that an infill station on the Market—Frankford Line in this part of the city would not only provide better access for major developments, but it would also create transfer opportunities with frequent north-south bus routes on 19th and 20th Streets. However, the 2021 Transit Plan said that while initial studies showed such a station would be feasible and highly beneficial, it would be very difficult and expensive to build.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.phila.gov/media/20210222110702/OTIS-Philadelphia-Transit-Plan.pdf| title=The Philadelphia Transit Plan: A Vision for 2045| author=<!--Not stated-->| publisher=[[City of Philadelphia]]| date=February 21, 2021| access-date=May 13, 2022}}</ref>

=== Recent developments ===
The line operated "Lifeline Service" due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania|COVID-19 pandemic]], with trains bypassing {{stn|Millbourne}}, {{stn|63rd Street||Market–Frankford Line}}, {{stn|13th Street||SEPTA}}, {{stn|5th Street/Independence Hall}}, {{stn|2nd Street||SEPTA}}, {{stn|York–Dauphin}}, {{stn|Somerset||SEPTA}}, {{stn|Tioga}}, and {{stn|Church||Philadelphia}} stations as of April 2020. All stations except 5th Street were reopened in June 2020.<ref name="covid">{{cite web |url=http://www.septa.org/covid-19/img/2020-covid-service-map.pdf |title=SEPTA Transit Network Lifeline Service Schedule |publisher=[[SEPTA]] |date=April 2020 |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref>In 2021, SEPTA proposed rebranding their rail transit service as [[SEPTA Metro]], in order to make the system easier to navigate. Under this proposal, services along the Market–Frankford Line were rebranded as the "L" line with a blue color.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vitarelli|first1=Alicia|author2=Staff|title=SEPTA Metro? Transit agency mulling big changes including new name, map, and signage|publisher=WPVI-TV|location=Philadelphia, PA|date=September 7, 2021|url=https://6abc.com/septa-transportation-public-transit-navigation-city-commuting/11007031/|accessdate=September 7, 2021}}</ref><ref name="wayfinding">{{cite web|title=Wayfinding Recommendations|publisher=SEPTA|url=https://planning.septa.org/projects/wayfinding-master-plan/recommendations/|accessdate=September 7, 2021|archive-date=September 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907141259/https://planning.septa.org/projects/wayfinding-master-plan/recommendations/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="feedback">{{Cite web |title=Design Concept Feedback |url=https://planning.septa.org/design-concept-feedback/ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=planning.septa.org |publisher=SEPTA}}</ref>

== Operation ==
[[File:SEPTAGirardStationPlatformAndTrain.jpg|thumb|An L Skip-stop A train arriving at [[Front–Girard station|Front-Girard]]]]
[[File:MFLTunnel.JPG|thumb|Market–Frankford Line train at what was then known as [[Drexel Station at 30th Street|30th Street Station]] (June 2006)]]
As with many other rail lines, the signal system on the L has progressed from the original lineside block signals using [[semaphore]]s, to three-aspect Type D color light (green, over yellow, over red) signals, to [[Cab signalling|cab signaling]], eliminating the lineside block signals except at interlockings.

The L is unusual as subway–elevated systems go. Notable features include being built with [[Track gauge in the United States#5&nbsp;ft&nbsp;2&nbsp;1⁄2&nbsp;in (1,588&nbsp;mm) gauge|Pennsylvania trolley gauge]] of {{RailGauge|5ft2.25in}},<ref name=prtc1908>Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. 1908. "Philadelphia's Rapid Transit: Construction and Equipment of the Market Street Subway and Elevated"</ref><ref name=urban>{{cite web |last=UrbanRail | title=SEPTA | url=http://www.urbanrail.net/am/phil/philadelphia.htm}}</ref> and in its use of bottom-contact or underrunning [[third rail]]. As such, any possible future physical connection to other rapid-transit lines in Philadelphia is limited to cross-platform transfer only, as both the [[Broad Street Line|B]] and the [[SEPTA Route 100|M]] are [[standard gauge]] ({{RailGauge|4ft8.5in}}) with top-contact third rail. The L and [[Metro-North Railroad]] are the only railroads in [[North America]] that use bottom-contact third rail, known as the [[William J. Wilgus|Wilgus]]-[[Frank J. Sprague|Sprague]] system.{{sfnp|Cudahy|2003|p=202}} Its advantages include a reduced risk of electrocution for track workers and fewer disruptions due to icing conditions during winter weather.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Middleton|first=William D. |date=September 9, 2002 |title=Railroad Standardization – Notes on Third Rail Electrification |journal=Railway & Locomotive Historical Society Newsletter |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=10–11 |url=https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=858911}}</ref>

The Market–Frankford Elevated's original construction also had some marked differences from that of other US elevated systems (such as [[Chicago]] or [[New York City]]). While those systems' elevated lines were built with rails laid on ties (sleepers) that were bolted directly to large steel girders, the L's structure consisted of steel girders supporting a concrete trough deck, which then supported the more conventional railroad construction of rails laid on floating ties with loose rock ballast. This was done in an attempt to reduce noise and vibration, as well as protect the streets below from rain and "operational fluids."{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=6-7}}<ref>[http://www.workshopoftheworld.com/west_phila/el.html Market Street Elevated Railroad]</ref>

Before February 2020, during [[rush hour]]s SEPTA operated trains in a [[skip-stop]] pattern. Stations were designated as "A" stations, "B" stations, or "All Trains" stations; trains designated as "A" trains skipped "B" stops and vice versa. Skip-stop service ended on February 21, 2020, and was replaced by expanded all-stations service three days later.

The base fare for riding the line is $2.50. The fare can be paid using either the Travel Wallet on a [[SEPTA Key]] card, a Quick Trip, or through [[contactless payment]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fare Information – Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority |url=https://wwww.septa.org/fares/ |access-date=March 19, 2025 |website=wwww.septa.org}}</ref> Until December 1, 2024, Key users or those who utilized contactless payments received a $0.50 discount on the base fare. This discount was eliminated as part of a system-wide fare restructuring.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What to know about SEPTA's fare increase |url=https://whyy.org/articles/what-to-know-septa-subway-trolleys-buses-fare-increase/ |access-date=March 19, 2025 |website=WHYY |language=en-US}}</ref> Payment of base fare includes free transfer to the [[subway–surface lines]] at [[Drexel Station at 30th Street|Drexel]] (30th), [[15th Street/City Hall station|15th]] (15th Street/City Hall), and [[13th Street station (SEPTA)|13th]] Street stations, and to the [[B (SEPTA Metro)|B1]] Local and [[B (SEPTA Metro)|B2]] Express (Broad Street Line) at 15th Street. While the [[B3 (SEPTA Metro)|B3]] (Broad-Ridge Spur) connects at [[8th–Market station|8th-Market Station]], there is no longer a free-transfer passageway between the lines. Transfers are available with contactless payments including SEPTA Key; two free transfers are included.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www5.septa.org/wp-content/uploads/fares/Tariff-1-S42-CTD-FY2024.pdf |title=SEPTA: LOCAL RATES OF FARE AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE FURNISHING OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION ON REGULAR SCHEDULED SERVICE |publisher=SEPTA}}</ref>

SEPTA's "TransPass"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.septa.org/fares/pass/transpass.html | title=TransPass | publisher=SEPTA | access-date=December 3, 2012}}</ref> and "TrailPass"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.septa.org/fares/pass/trailpass.html | title=Trailpass | publisher=SEPTA | access-date=December 3, 2012}}</ref> weekly/monthly zone-based passcards loaded on a SEPTA Key card are also accepted as fares.

In [[fiscal year|FY]] 2005, 25,220,523 passengers rode the then-Market–Frankford Line. Weekday average ridership of 178,715 made it the busiest line in the entire SEPTA system. The MFL required 142 vehicles at peak hours, cost [[United States dollar|$]]86,644,614 in fully allocated expenses, and collected $54,309,344 in passenger revenues, for an impressive [[farebox recovery ratio]] of 63 percent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.septa.org/inside/reports/ASP2007.pdf |title=SEPTA (May 2006). ''Annual Service Plan 2007.'' |page=79 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105143617/http://septa.org/inside/reports/ASP2007.pdf |archive-date=January 5, 2007}}{{nbsp}}{{small|(539{{nbsp}}KB)}}</ref>

On February{{nbsp}}11, 2008, SEPTA expanded morning and afternoon weekday service with off-peak trains running every six minutes instead of eight. This represents a 12% increase in MFL Service throughout the day.{{citation needed| date=September 2008}}

=== Operating times and headways ===
Trains run from about 5{{nbsp}}a.m. to 1{{nbsp}}a.m., with a timed transfer at 12:30{{nbsp}}a.m. at City Hall station to connect with the Broad Street Line based on final trains. The L Owl bus service replaces the subway throughout the night Monday through Friday mornings, stopping at the same locations as the subway trains. The L runs every six minutes on weekdays (off-peak), every 10 minutes on weekends, every 12 minutes at night, and every 15 minutes during night-owl bus service.

The line ran 24 hours a day until 1991. Weekend late-night hours—5{{nbsp}}a.m. on Friday to 1{{nbsp}}a.m. on Monday morning—were reinstated on June{{nbsp}}20, 2014, a change made permanent on October{{nbsp}}8, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Witte |first=Sophia |title=SEPTA keeps 24-hour weekend subway service to accommodate younger riders |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2014/11/septa-24-hour-subway-service |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=www.thedp.com |language=en-us}}</ref> During the COVID-19 pandemic, overnight service was replaced by the Owl bus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madej |first=Patricia |date=October 30, 2020 |title=SEPTA indefinitely cutting overnight Market-Frankford, Broad Street Line weekend rail service due to COVID-19 |url=https://www.inquirer.com/transportation/septa-market-frankford-broad-street-line-overnight-weekend-bus-20201030.html |access-date=March 23, 2025 |website=Philadelphia Inquirer |language=en}}</ref>

A local trip along the entire line takes about 40 minutes. When problems occur, trains can run Express service or skip stations.

== Rolling stock ==
The original cars for the Market Street subway, numbered 1–135 and later designated as Class A-8 by SEPTA's predecessor, the [[Philadelphia Transportation Company]] (PTC), were built by the Pressed Steel Car Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa., between 1906 and 1911. An additional set of cars, numbered 136–215, were built by the [[J. G. Brill Company|J.G. Brill Co.]] of Philadelphia, Pa., between 1911 and 1913.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} The Frankford Elevated portion opened in 1922 along with another set of cars, numbered 501–600, also built by Brill that year, later receiving the designation Class A-15.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} The two rail lines were soon merged, resulting in a combined fleet of 315 cars (215 Market Street cars, 100 Frankford cars).{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} By 1960, when the PTC began replacing the cars, the Market Street cars had been in operation for 56 years, thus having the longest lifespan of any Philadelphia subway cars, surpassing that of the original Broad Street subway fleet, which had 54 years of operation. The Frankford cars phased out at 38 years of operation. After retirement, two of the "Market" cars (cars 69 and 163){{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} and six of the "Frankford" cars{{nbsp}}– cars 532, 551, 559, 583, 585, and 589{{nbsp}}– were retained as work train cars for some time.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} It is currently unknown when these cars were withdrawn, but all had been removed from SEPTA property by the 1970s, with none reported to have been saved for museums.

The "Market" and "Frankford" cars were replaced by a fleet of 270 new stainless steel cars{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} built in 1960 by the [[Budd Company]]. The PTC had designated Class A-49 cars numbered 601–646 as Class A-49, and numbers 701–924 as A-50 and A-51.{{sfnp|Cox|1967|p=34-35}} All cars were re-designated as Class M-3 when SEPTA assumed operation of the line. The cars had been nicknamed "Almond Joys" by many riders as their distinctive ventilation fan housings resembled the almonds atop the Peter Paul (now [[The Hershey Company|Hershey's]]) [[Almond Joy]] bar. These cars, while mostly an improvement in quality compared to their predecessors, had been plagued with faulty wheel frame assemblies, causing the body to shake, sometimes violently, as the car moved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trolleyville.com/tv/times/jan2009/MFSE%20CARS.htm |title=MFSE Cars |website=Trolleyville.com |access-date=April 12, 2014}}</ref> The cars' fan housings had provisions for air conditioning units,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pa-trolley.org/Roster/Images/CoP606_intro.jpg |title=Frankford M-3 article |access-date=March 30, 2010 |archive-date=November 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113111332/http://www.pa-trolley.org/Roster/Images/CoP606_intro.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> however, only one car, number 614, had ever been air conditioned, which the transit authority had found to be uneconomical at the time. {{citation needed span|date=January 2024|}}The Budd Company subsequently licensed their stainless steel car designs to [[Japan Transport Engineering Company|Tokyu Car Corporation]] of Japan, who built the {{ill|Tokyu 7000 series (1962)|lt=Tokyu 7000 series (1st generation)|ja|東急7000系電車 (初代)}} based on the Class M-3 design, and it also formed the basis of a never-built [[R39 (New York City Subway car)|R39 lightweight subway car]] order intended for the oldest elevated lines of the [[New York City Subway]].<ref>{{cite web | title=www.nycsubway.org: R-62 (Kawasaki) – R-62A (Bombardier) | website=www.nycsubway.org | date=1988 | url=http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/R-62_(Kawasaki)_--_R-62A_(Bombardier) | access-date=November 14, 2015 | archive-date=November 1, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101033933/http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/R-62_(Kawasaki)_--_R-62A_(Bombardier) | url-status=live }}</ref>

Early in their service lives, some M-3 cars had fareboxes by their center side doors; these were necessary for collecting fares during the hours after midnight, when SEPTA closed cashier's booths at many stations during the era of 24-hour rapid transit service. "Night Owl" service (midnight–5:00 AM) trains operated on a twenty-minute headway (interval between trains) at that time.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928020650/http://www.trainstation.com/mfse1.shtml?mgiToken=LDR55X999D3 |url=http://www.trainstation.com/mfse1.shtml?mgiToken=LDR55X999D3 |website=Trainstation.com |title=video description |archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> SEPTA now operates (along with the Broad Street subway) all "Owl" service using buses, but similar to the old "Owl" trains, they run between 69th Street and Frankford Transit Center on a slightly more frequent 15-minute interval.
[[File:SEPTA M-3 and trackless trolley at Seashore Trolley Museum, August 2006.jpg|thumb|Preserved Budd M-3 railcar at the Seashore Trolley Museum]]
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, some M-3s were re-gauged to work on the Norristown High Speed Line during the delivery of the N-5 cars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://railfanguides.us/septa/route100/index.htm|title = SEPTA's Norristown High Speed Line – Railfan Guide}}</ref>

[[File:SEPTA-MFL-TrainPlaque2007.jpg|thumb|right|250px|M-4 car placard]]
In the early 1990s, the then-Market–Frankford Line was in need of new rolling stock. The M-3 cars were approaching the end of their expected useful lifespan, as well as being increasingly scrutinized for their shaky ride quality and lack of air conditioning. SEPTA placed an order for 220 new rail cars, each costing $1.29{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://world.nycsubway.org/us/phila/market-frankford.html |website=NYCSubway.org |title=SEPTA Market-Frankford Elevated}}</ref>

These cars, designated Class M-4, were manufactured by [[Adtranz]] (later Bombardier, now [[Alstom]]) at the [[Dandenong rolling stock factory]] in Australia and shipped to [[Elmira, New York]] for their final assembly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Marcus |date=January 1, 2024 |title=The train that flew from Melbourne to India |url=https://wongm.com/2024/01/the-train-that-flew-from-melbourne-to-india/ |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=Waking up in Geelong |language=en-US}}</ref> Delivered between 1997 and 1999, these cars are equipped with [[AC motors|AC traction motors]], air conditioning, LED signage, and automated announcements. All of the M-3 cars were retired after the last of the M-4's entered service, with five of the former being converted to work cars. The five remaining M-3's were later retired, with M-4 cars 1033 and 1034 replacing them for work service, and the last of the remaining M-3's had been scrapped by 2005. Two of the M-3's have been preserved, cars 606 and 618 at the [[Pennsylvania Trolley Museum]] and the [[Trolley Museum of New York]] (previously [[Seashore Trolley Museum]] until 2024), respectively. These cars represent the only preserved examples of Market—Frankford Line rolling stock.

In February 2017, SEPTA temporarily removed about 90 M-4 cars from service after inspections revealed cracks and signs of fatigue in load-bearing bolsters and associated components.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.progressiverailroading.com/mechanical/article/Cracks-prompt-SEPTA-to-pull-90-subway-cars-from-service--50771 | title=Cracks prompt SEPTA to pull 90 subway cars from service | publisher=Progressive Railroading | date=February 7, 2017 | access-date=November 23, 2017}}</ref>

On July 4, 2022, SEPTA began the process to obtain a new M-5 fleet to replace the M-4 cars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bid Item: Expression of Interest – SEPTA M5 Market Frankford Line Subway Cars {{!}} SEPTA |url=https://www5.septa.org/business/procurement/bid/expression-of-interest-septa-m5-market-frankford-line-subway-cars/ |access-date=November 4, 2022 |website=Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority |language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704213300/https://www5.septa.org/business/procurement/bid/expression-of-interest-septa-m5-market-frankford-line-subway-cars/ |archive-date=July 4, 2022}}</ref> The [[Federal Transit Administration]] gave SEPTA $317 million in February 2024 to fund the purchase of the new rolling stock.<ref>{{cite web | last=Luczak | first=Marybeth | title=FTA provides $US 631m to fund fleet replacement | website=International Railway Journal | date=February 22, 2024 | url=https://www.railjournal.com/financial/fta-provides-us-631m-to-fund-fleet-replacement/ | access-date=July 15, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Mitman | first=Hayden | title=Mayor Parker joins federal officials to unveil $317M for new railcars on SEPTA's Market-Frankford Line | website=NBC10 Philadelphia | date=February 21, 2024 | url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/officials-unveil-mass-transit-funds-including-millions-for-new-railcars-on-septas-market-frankford-line/3782205/ | access-date=July 15, 2024}}</ref> As per the SEPTA Board Meeting documents for July 25, 2024, SEPTA will order 200 M-5 cars from [[Hitachi Rail STS]], with two option orders of 20 cars each.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEPTA Board Regular Meeting – Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority |url=https://wwww.septa.org/about/meetings/septa-board-regular-meeting-109/ |access-date=July 14, 2024 |website=wwww.septa.org}}</ref> The pilot cars are expected to arrive in fall 2028, with the first production cars arriving spring 2029 and the final production cars arriving by spring 2031.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hitachi Rail to build 200 new cars for SEPTA's Market-Frankford Line |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/hitachi-rail-to-build-200-new-cars-for-septas-market-frankford-line/ |publisher=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |access-date=July 25, 2024 |date=July 25, 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Electric Multiple Units
!Year
!Make
!|Model
!Numbers
!Length
!Width
!Height
!Status
!Notes
|-
|1906–1911
|[[Pressed Steel Company]]
|rowspan="2"|M-1
|1–135
|
|
|
|Retired
|
|-
|1911–1913
|rowspan="2"|[[J. G. Brill Company]]
|136–215
|
|
|
|Retired
|
|-
|1922
|M-2
|501–600
|
|
|
|Retired
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1960
|rowspan="2"|[[Budd Company]]
|M-3 (A-49)
|601–646
|
|
|
|Retired
|Single Units
|-
|M-3 (A-50/A-51)
|701–924
|55{{nbsp}}ft
|9{{nbsp}}ft 1in
|12{{nbsp}}ft 1in
|Retired
|Married Pairs
|-
|1997–
|[[Adtranz]]
|M-4
|1001–1220
|55{{nbsp}}ft 2in
|
|13{{nbsp}}ft
|In service
|Married Pairs, 20 cars decommissioned as of December 2024
|-
|2028–
|[[Hitachi Rail STS]]
|M-5
|
|
|
|
|Proposed, contract awarded
|
|}

== Accidents ==
<!-- linked from redirect [[1990 Philadelphia subway accident]] -->
On December{{nbsp}}26, 1961, one man died and 38 others were injured when four cars of a train derailed while rounding the curve just north of York-Dauphin Station. The deceased was identified as Earl Giberson, a 64-year-old man.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://34st.com/2003/11/node-2028/ |title=El on Earth {{!}} 34th Street Magazine |website=34st.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826125158/http://34st.com/2003/11/node-2028/ |archive-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref>

On March{{nbsp}}7, 1990, four people died and another 162 injured when the rear three cars of six-car train #61 derailed after leaving what was then 30th Street station westbound at 8:20{{nbsp}}a.m. It is believed that one of the traction motors dropped out of the rear truck on the third car (M3) somewhere between 15th and 30th Street stations, and it became entangled in a switch immediately upon leaving 30th Street station. The front truck of the fourth car (M3 #818) followed the third car, while the rear truck of the fourth car took the diverging track, causing the car to shear halfway upon striking the steel pillars separating the tracks beyond the switch.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/08/us/philadelphia-subway-crash-kills-3-150-are-hurt.html |first=Michael |last=deCourcy Hinds |title=Philadelphia Subway Crash Kills 3; 150 Are Hurt |work=The New York Times |date=March 8, 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/09/us/dragging-motor-is-suspected-in-subway-accident.html |last=AP Wire |title=Dragging Motor Is Suspected in Subway Accident |work=The New York Times |date=March 9, 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=NTSB Report Number: RAR-91-01 |title=Derailment of Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) Commuter Train 61 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania March 7, 1990 | date=April 23, 1991 | url=https://www.ntsb.gov/Investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/RAR9101.aspx}}</ref>

On February{{nbsp}}21, 2017, a train derailed at the 69th Street Station loop after it crashed into a stopped train and caused a third train on an adjacent track to derail, seriously injuring one of the operators and injuring three others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/in-transit/SEPTA-Market-Frankford-Line-accident-69th-Street.html|access-date=February 22, 2017 |title=Market-Frankford Line trains involved in accident at 69th Street|date=February 21, 2017|publisher=The Inquirer – philly.com}}</ref>

On September 16, 2017, the front car derailed at Spring Garden Station heading to Frankford TC, nobody was severely injured, but one person was treated for heat exhaustion during the evacuation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2017 |title=SEPTA: Equipment Issue Caused Market-Frankford Derailment |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/septa-equipment-issue-caused-market-frankford-derailment/28189/ |access-date=November 20, 2024 |website=NBC10 Philadelphia |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Stations ==
All connections, unless otherwise noted, are operated by [[SEPTA]].
{{clear left}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
!Station
![[Mile]]s ([[kilometre|km]])
!Connections
!Weekday<br />Ridership (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 2019|title=Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Service Plan|url=http://septa.org/strategic-plan/reports/FY%202020%20Annual%20Service%20Plan-update.WEB.pdf|access-date=September 27, 2020|website=SEPTA}}</ref>
!Notes

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|69th Street Transit Center}}
|{{convert|0.0|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{ric|SEPTA Metro}} [[SEPTA Metro]]: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|M|name=}} {{ric|SEPTA Metro|D|name=}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|21|30|65|68}}<br />{{rint|bus|link=SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes}} [[SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes|SEPTA Suburban Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|103|104|105|106|107|108|109|110|111|112|113|120|123|126}}
|17,680
|Western terminus, in [[Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Darby]]
|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Millbourne}}
|{{convert|0.4|mi|sigfig=1|abbr=values}}
|
|489
|Originally named 66th Street

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|63rd Street}}
|{{convert|0.8|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|21|31}}
|2,236
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|60th Street}}
|{{convert|1.1|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|31|46}}
|5,432
|Rebuilt station opened June 18, 2007

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|56th Street}}
|{{convert|1.5|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|31|63}}
|6,238
|Rebuilt station opened February 27, 2006

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|52nd Street}}
|{{convert|1.9|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|31|52}}
|7,498
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|46th Street}}
|{{convert|2.5|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|31|64}}
|5,011
|Rebuilt station opened April 14, 2008

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|40th Street}}
|{{convert|3.2|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{ric|SEPTA Metro|name=y}}: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|T|name=}} {{small|(diverted/nighttime routes only)}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|30|40|LUCY}}
|6,624
|Original station was elevated

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|34th Street}}
|{{convert|3.7|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|30|31|49|LUCY}}
|7,076
|Original station at 36th Street was elevated

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Drexel Station at 30th Street}}
|{{convert|4.1|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|us|amtrak}} [[Amtrak]] {{small|(at [[30th Street Station]])}}<br />{{rint|septa}} [[SEPTA Regional Rail]]: ''all lines'' {{small|(at [[30th Street Station]])}}<br />{{rint|njt}} [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit Rail]]: {{rint|njt|acl}} [[Atlantic City Line]] {{small|(at [[30th Street Station]])}}<br />{{ric|SEPTA Metro|name=y}}: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|T|name=}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|9|30|31|44|49|62|78|LUCY}}<br />{{rint|bus|link=SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes}} [[SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes|SEPTA Suburban Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|124|125}}<br />{{rint|bus|link=NJ Transit Bus}} [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit Bus]]: {{NJ bus link|313|315|316|414|417|555}}
|7,704
|Original station at 32nd Street was elevated

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|15th Street/City Hall}}
|{{convert|5.1|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|septa}} [[SEPTA Regional Rail]]: ''all lines'' {{small|(at [[Suburban Station]])}}<br />{{ric|SEPTA Metro|name=y}}: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|B|name=}} {{ric|SEPTA Metro|T|name=}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|4|16|17|27|31|32|33|38|44|48|62|78}}<br />{{rint|bus|link=SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes}} [[SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes|SEPTA Suburban Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|124|125}}<br />{{rint|bus|link=NJ Transit Bus}} [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit Bus]]: {{NJ bus link|313|315|316|414|417|555}} {{small|(at Market St & 16th St Exit)}}
|34,384+
|Access to [[Philadelphia City Hall|City Hall]]

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|13th Street}}
|{{convert|5.4|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{ric|SEPTA Metro|name=y}}: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|T|name=}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|17|33|38|44|48|62}}, 78<br />{{rint|bus|link=SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes}} [[SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes|SEPTA Suburban Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|124|125}}<br>{{rint|bus|link=NJ Transit Bus}} [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit Bus]]: {{NJ bus link|313|315|316|317|400|401|402|404|406|408|409|410|412|551}}
|8,146
|Eastern terminal for [[SEPTA subway–surface trolley lines|trolley lines]]<br />Access to [[Wanamaker's|Wanamaker Building]]

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|11th Street}}
|{{convert|5.6|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|septa}} [[SEPTA Regional Rail]]: ''all lines'' {{small|(at {{stl|SEPTA|Jefferson}})}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|17|23|33|38|44|45|48|62|78}}<br>{{rint|bus|link=NJ Transit Bus}} [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit Bus]]: {{NJ bus link|313|315|316|317|400|401|402|404|406|408|409|410|412|414|417|551|555}}
|8,629
|Access to [[Fashion District Philadelphia]]

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|8th–Market}}
|{{convert|5.8|mi|abbr=values}}
|[[File:DRPA logo.svg|17px|link=Delaware River Port Authority]] [[Delaware River Port Authority|DRPA]]: {{rint|philadelphia|patco}} [[PATCO Speedline|Lindenwold Line]]<br />{{ric|SEPTA Metro|name=y}}: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|B3|name=}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|17|33|38|44|47|61|62|78}}<br>{{rint|bus|link=NJ Transit Bus}} [[NJ Transit Bus Operations|NJ Transit Bus]]: {{NJ bus link|313|315|316|317|400|401|402|404|406|408|409|410|412|414|417|551|555}}
|11,019
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|5th Street/Independence Hall}}
|{{convert|6.0|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|17|33|38|44|48}}
|3,986
|Access to [[Independence National Historical Park|Independence NHP]].

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|2nd Street}}
|{{convert|6.3|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|5|17|44}} <small>(west)</small>, {{SEPTA bus link|48}}
|3,928
|Access to [[Old City District]] and [[Penn's Landing]]

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Spring Garden}}
|{{convert|7.1|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|5|25|43}}<br>{{rint|bus}} Intercity Buses: {{rint|us|greyhound}} [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]], {{rint|us|megabus}} [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]], [[FlixBus]], [[Peter Pan Bus Lines|Peter Pan]]
|3,275
|Replaced Fairmount station in 1977 due to the construction of [[Interstate 95|I-95]]

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Front–Girard}}
|{{convert|7.8|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{ric|SEPTA Metro|name=y}}: {{ric|SEPTA Metro|G|name=}}<br />{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|5|25}}
|5,154
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Berks}}
|{{convert|8.5|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3}}
|2,653
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|York–Dauphin}}
|{{convert|8.9|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|39|89}}
|1,738
|Original name was Dauphin-York

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Huntingdon}}
|{{convert|9.3|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|39|54}}
|2,956
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Somerset}}
|{{convert|9.6|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|54}}
|2,246
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Kensington–Allegheny}}
|{{convert|10.2|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|60|89}}
|6,109
|

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Tioga}}
|{{convert|10.6|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|89}}
|1,881
| Original northbound station building is preserved.

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Erie–Torresdale}}
|{{convert|11.3|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|56}}
|4,544
|Originally named Torresdale

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Church}}
|{{convert|11.8|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|5}}
|1,291
|Originally named Ruan–Church

|-
|{{stl|SEPTA Metro|Arrott Transit Center}}
|{{convert|12.3|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|5|41|89|K}}<br />{{rint|trolley|link=Trolleybuses in Philadelphia}} [[Trolleybuses in Philadelphia|SEPTA Trackless Trolley]]: {{SEPTA bus link|59|75}}
|4,737
|Named Margaret–Orthodox until 2014.<br />Originally named Margaret–Orthodox–Arrott.

|-
|{{Stl|SEPTA Metro|Frankford Transit Center}}
|{{convert|12.9|mi|abbr=values}}
|{{rint|bus|1|link=SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes}} [[SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes|SEPTA City Bus]]: {{SEPTA bus link|3|5|8|14|19|20|24|25|26|50|58|67|73|82|84|88}}, [[Boulevard Direct]]<br />{{rint|trolley|link=Trolleybuses in Philadelphia}} [[Trolleybuses in Philadelphia|SEPTA Trackless Trolley]]: {{SEPTA bus link|66}}
|19,052
|Eastern terminus, station replaced Bridge–Pratt

|}

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book |last=Twining |first=William S. |title=A Report to the City Council of Philadelphia on the Frankford Elevated Railway – With a Statement showing funds required to complete and equip the line – Also data relative to leasing the road – As requested in resolution of the City Council January 20, 1920| date=March 30, 1920 |publisher=City of Philadelphia, Department of City Transit| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FaJOAQAAMAAJ&q=Twining%2C+William+S.+1920.+A+Report+to+the+City+Council+of+Philadelphia+on+the+Frankford+Elevated+Railway&pg=PA57 }}
* {{cite book |last=Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co. |title=Philadelphia's rapid transit. |publisher=Arnold & Dyer|location=Philadelphia|year=1908 |oclc=4442710 |url=https://archive.org/details/philadelphiasrap00arnorich/page/n3/mode/2up }}
* {{Cox-Upper Darby }}
* {{Cudahy-Subways }}
* {{cite book|last=Pawson|first=John R.|title=Delaware Valley Rails: The Railroads and Rail Transit Lines of the Philadelphia Area|publisher=John R. Pawson|year=1979|isbn=0-9602080-0-3}}
* {{Williams-Philadelphia }}

== External links ==
{{Attached KML |display=title,inline}}
{{Commons category|Market–Frankford Line}}
* [http://www.septa.org/service/mfl/ Market—Frankford Line] on SEPTA website
*[[Historic American Engineering Record]] documentation, filed under Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA:
**{{HAER |survey=PA-430 |id=pa3536 |title=Frankford Elevated, 5200 to 5400 Frankford Avenue |photos=16 |data=14 |cap=4 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=PA-507 |id=pa3702 |title=Market Street Elevated Railway, Market Street between Sixty-ninth and Forty-sixth Streets |photos=10 |data=18 |cap=8 |link=no}}
* [http://world.nycsubway.org/us/phila/market-frankford.html NYCsubway.org – SEPTA Market–Frankford Line]
* [http://www.trainweb.org/railpix/septa3.html Stan's Railpix – Septa Photo Gallery Page 3* SEPTA Market–Frankford Line Pictures]
* [https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/stories/market-street-elevated-el West Philadelphia Collaborative History – The Market Street Elevated ("The El")]

{{SEPTA |state=autocollapse}}
{{Delaware Valley transit}}
{{USSubway}}{{Crossings navbox|structure=Crossings|place=[[Schuylkill River]]|bridge=Market Street subway|bridge signs={{ric|SEPTA Metro|L|size=20px}} {{ric|SEPTA Metro|T|size=20px}}|upstream=[[John F. Kennedy Boulevard Bridge]]|upstream signs=[[File:West plate.svg|20px]]<br>[[File:PA-3.svg|20px]]|downstream=[[Market Street Bridge (Philadelphia)|Market Street Bridge]]|downstream signs=[[File:East plate.svg|20px]]<br>[[File:PA-3.svg|20px]]}}{{Upper Darby}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Market-Frankford Line}}
[[Category:SEPTA Metro lines| ]]
[[Category:1907 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:5 ft 2¼ in gauge railways in the United States]]
[[Category:600 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:700 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Railway lines in highway medians]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1907]]
[[Category:Underground rapid transit in the United States]]