View source for LNER Peppercorn Class A1

{{Short description|Class of British 4-6-2 locomotives}}
{{about|the locomotives built in 1948–49|other LNER Class A1 locomotives|LNER Class A1|the new locomotive completed in 2008|LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox locomotive
|name= LNER Peppercorn Class A1
|powertype= Steam
|image= LNER Peppercorn Class "A1" 4-6-2 No.60118.jpg
|alt= Steam locomotive with four small carrying wheels at the front, six large driving wheels, two small carrying wheels below the cab, and a tender
|caption=A1 Class No. 60118 ''Archibald Sturrock'' at Kings Cross "Top Shed", circa May 1963
|designer= [[Arthur Peppercorn]]
|builder= [[Doncaster Works]] <br> [[Darlington Works]]
|builddate= 1948–1949, 2008
|totalproduction= 49
|whytetype= [[4-6-2]]
|length= {{convert|72|ft|11+3/4|in|2|abbr=on}}
|height= {{convert|13|ft|1|in|2|abbr=on}}
|width= {{convert|9|ft|2+7/8|in|2|abbr=on}}
|leadingdiameter= {{convert|3|ft|2|in|3|abbr=on}}
|driverdiameter= {{convert|6|ft|8|in|3|abbr=on}}
|trailingdiameter= {{convert|3|ft|8|in|3|abbr=on}}
|boiler= Diagram 118 <br> {{convert|6|ft|5|in|abbr=on}} diameter <br> {{convert|29|ft|2|in|abbr=on}} length
|boilerpressure= {{convert|250|psi|abbr=on|lk=on}}
|cylindercount = 3
|cylindersize= {{convert|19|x|26|in|abbr=on|0|lk=on}}
|firearea= {{convert|50.0|sqft|abbr=on}}
|fireboxarea= {{convert|245.3|sqft|abbr=on}}
|tubearea= {{convert|1211.6|sqft|abbr=on}}
|fluearea= {{convert|1004.5|sqft|abbr=on}}
|totalsurface= {{convert|2461.4|sqft|abbr=on}}
|superheaterarea= {{convert|697.7|sqft|abbr=on}}
|tractiveeffort= {{convert|37400|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}
|poweroutput={{convert|2700|HP|lk=on|abbr=on}}{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
|valvegear= [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]]
|maxspeed= {{convert|100|mph|abbr=on}}
|axleload= {{convert|22.1|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
|weightondrivers= {{convert|66.55|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
|locoweight= {{convert|105.2|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
|tenderweight= {{convert|60.9|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
|locotenderweight= {{convert|166.1|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
|fueltype= [[Coal]]
|fuelcap= {{convert|9|LT|t ST|abbr=on}}
|watercap= {{convert|5000|impgal|L USgal|abbr=on}}
|operator= [[British Railways]]
|locale= [[North Eastern Region of British Railways|North Eastern Region]]
|powerclass= BR: 8P6F
|numinclass= 49 original, 1 completed in 2008
|fleetnumbers= 60114–60162, 60163
|firstrundate= August 1948
|lastrundate= June 1966
|withdrawndate= October 1962–June 1966
|disposition= Original 49 withdrawn and scrapped, 1 built in 2008 and Mainline Registered
}}

[[File:1951-01899wm.jpg|thumb|60133 ''Pommern'' passing Leeds-Holbeck High Level Station hauling Leeds Central to Kings Cross Yorkshire Pullman]]
[[File:A1 60131 Osprey.jpg|thumb|right|60131 ''Osprey'' at Leeds Neville Hill locomotive shed on 18 April 1965]]
[[London and North Eastern Railway]]'s (LNER) '''Peppercorn Class A1''' is a class of [[4-6-2]] "Pacific" [[steam locomotive]]s largely built between 1948 and 1949 at [[Doncaster Works|Doncaster]] and [[Darlington Works]] to a design of [[Arthur Peppercorn]]. Forty-nine were built for hauling express passenger services on  the [[East Coast Main Line]] owned by LNER's successor, [[British Railways]]' [[North Eastern Region of British Railways|North Eastern Region]]. None of the original 49 Peppercorn A1s survived into preservation, with the last being scrapped in 1966. The 50th Peppercorn A1, [[LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado|60163 ''Tornado'']], was completed in 2008 as an evolved member of its class.

== Background ==
Most of the former [[LNER Gresley Classes A1 and A3|LNER Class A1]] locomotives designed by [[Sir Nigel Gresley]] had been rebuilt as [[LNER Class A3]] locomotives prior to this class being conceived. The few straggling LNER Class A1 locomotives that remained unrebuilt during the tenure of Peppercorn's predecessor, [[Edward Thompson (engineer)|Edward Thompson]], were redesignated by him as Class A10s in preparation for the construction of his new Class A1 locomotives. Thompson rebuilt the pioneer LNER Pacific ''Great Northern'' in 1945; originally this was the new Class A1, but the rebuild was not repeated.  Instead, initiated by Thompson but largely taken forward by his successor [[Arthur Peppercorn]], ''Great Northern'' was designated [[LNER Thompson Class A1/1|Class A1/1]], and a new class of Peppercorn A1s ordered.

The locomotives were designed to cope with the heaviest passenger trains in the post-war period on the [[East Coast Main Line]] ([[London]] – [[York]] – [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] – [[Edinburgh]] – [[Aberdeen]]) which consisted normally of trains with up to 15 coaches and up to 550 tons. The Peppercorn A1s were able to pull such a train on the flat at a speed of 60–70 mph (95-110 km/h). The class used a double [[Kylchap]] [[Steam locomotive exhaust system|chimney system]] and, like previous LNER Pacifics, had a [[Cylinder (locomotive)|3-cylinder]] arrangement.

== Original locomotives ==
=== Construction ===
The new A1s were ordered by the [[London and North Eastern Railway|LNER]] but were delivered after the LNER had been nationalised to form part of [[British Rail]]ways at the start of 1948. The 49 engines were built at the [[Eastern Region of British Railways|Eastern Region's]] [[Doncaster Works|Doncaster]] and [[Darlington Works|Darlington]] works between 1948 and 1949.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Construction details
!Nos
!Date built
!Works
!Order no.<ref>{{harvnb|Boddy|Neve|Yeadon|1973|p=193}}</ref>
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|60114-22    || 1948    ||Doncaster ||rowspan=2|382 ||<!-- 1st batch(?)-->
|-
|60123     || 1949    ||Doncaster ||<!-- 1st batch(?)-->
|-
|60124-9    || 1949    ||Doncaster ||383 ||<!-- 1st batch(?)-->
|-
|60130-43    || 1948    ||Darlington || — ||<!-- 2nd batch(?)-->
|-
|60144-52    || 1949    ||Darlington || — ||<!-- 2nd batch(?)-->
|-
|60153-7    || 1949    ||Doncaster ||rowspan=2|388 || Built with [[Timken Company|Timken]] roller bearings on all axles<!-- 3rd batch(?)-->
|-
|60158-62    || 1949    ||Doncaster || <!-- 4th batch(?)-->
|}

=== Withdrawal ===

By summer of 1966, all 49 class members had gone for scrap. The last to be withdrawn from stock was No. 60145 ''Saint Mungo'', after a working life of just 17 years. 60145 ''Saint Mungo'' was planned to be preserved by Geoff Drury; however, this ultimately was unsuccessful and none of the original locomotives were preserved. <ref>{{cite web|title=60145 - Saint Mungo|url=https://www.a1steam.com/2010/02/03/60145-saint-mungo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909234139/https://www.a1steam.com/2010/02/03/60145-saint-mungo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2017|website=A1 Steam}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! Year !! Quantity in<br>service at<br>start of year !! Quantity<br/>withdrawn !! Locomotive numbers !! Notes
|-
| 1962 || 49 || 6 || align=left | 60115/22–23/35/37/53 || align=left | 
|-
| 1963 || 43 || 6 || align=left | 60136/44/59–62 || align=left | 
|-
| 1964 || 37 || 11 || align=left | 60114/19–20/25/39/41/43/47/49–50/58 || align=left | 
|-
| 1965 || 26 || 24 || align=left | 60116–18/21/26–34/38/40/42/46/48/51–52/54–57 || align=left | 
|-
| 1966 || 2 || 2 || align=left | 60124/45 || align=left | 60145 was subject to preservation attempt.
|}

=== List of original locomotives ===

Below is a list of original Peppercorn A1 Locomotives<ref name="LNER Encyclopedia">{{cite web| url=http://www.lner.info/locos/A/a1peppercorn.shtml| title=The Peppercorn A1 Pacifics| website=LNER Encyclopedia}}</ref><ref>Longworth{{full|date=December 2016}} (not including Tornado)</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.railuk.info/steam/getsteamclass.php?item=A1| website=Railuk database| title=Class Details}} (not including Tornado)</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Boddy|Neve|Yeadon|1973}} (not including Tornado)</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2016}}<ref>{{harvnb|Yeadon|1991}} (not including Tornado)</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2016}}<ref>A1LST history section{{full|date=December 2016}} (not including Tornado)</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, part 4| edition=Summer 1961| pages=26–27}} Names of 60114-60162 are given but it also includes the [[LNER Thompson Class A1/1]] 60113 ''[[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern]]'' in the list, making 50 locomotives.</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
! No.
! Name
! Built
! Works
! Withdrawn
!class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| 60114 || <span style="display:none">Allen</span>''[[William P. Allen (trade unionist)|W. P. Allen]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-08-15"|August 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1964-12-15"| December 1964 ||
|-
| 60115 || ''[[Meg Merrilies]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-09-15"|September 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1962-11-15"| November 1962 ||
|-
| 60116 || ''[[Hal o' the Wynd]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-10-15"|October 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60117 || ''[[Bois Roussel]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-10-15"|October 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60118 || <span style="display:none">Sturrock</span>''[[Archibald Sturrock]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-11-15"|November 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60119 || <span style="display:none">Stirling</span>''[[Patrick Stirling (railway engineer)|Patrick Stirling]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-11-15"|November 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1964-05-15"| May 1964 ||
|-
| 60120 || ''[[Kittiwake]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1964-01-15"| January 1964 ||
|-
| 60121 || ''Silurian'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60122 ||''[[Curlew]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1962-12-15"| December 1962 ||
|-
| 60123 || <span style="display:none">Ivatt</span>''[[H.A. Ivatt]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-02-15"|February 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1962-10-15"| October 1962 ||
|-
| 60124 || ''[[Kenilworth (novel)|Kenilworth]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-03-15"|March 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1966-03-15"| March 1966 ||
|-
| 60125 || ''[[Scottish Union]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-04-15"|April 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1964-07-15"| July 1964 ||
|-
| 60126 || <span style="display:none">Raven</span>''[[Vincent Raven|Sir Vincent Raven]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-04-15"|April 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-01-15"| January 1965 ||
|-
| 60127 || <span style="display:none">Worsdell</span>''[[Wilson Worsdell]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-05-15"|May 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60128 || ''Bongrace'' ||data-sort-value="1949-05-15"|May 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-01-15"| January 1965 ||
|-
| 60129 || <span style="display:none">Mannering</span>''[[Guy Mannering]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-06-15"|June 1949||Doncaster||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60130 || ''[[Kestrel]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-09-15"|September 1948||Darlington||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60131 || ''[[Osprey]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-10-15"|October 1948||Darlington||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60132 || ''[[Marmion (poem)|Marmion]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-10-15"|October 1948||Darlington||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60133 || ''Pommern'' ||data-sort-value="1948-10-15"|October 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60134 || ''[[Foxhunter]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-11-15"|November 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60135 || ''[[Madge Wildfire]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-11-15"|November 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1962-11-15"| November 1962 ||
|-
| 60136 || ''Alcazar'' ||data-sort-value="1948-11-15"|November 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1963-05-15"| May 1963 ||
|-
| 60137 || ''[[Redgauntlet]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1962-10-15"| October 1962 ||
|-
| 60138 || ''[[Boswell (horse)|Boswell]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60139 || ''[[Sea eagle|Sea Eagle]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1964-06-15"| June 1964 ||
|-
| 60140 || ''[[Balmoral Castle|Balmoral]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-01-15"| January 1965 ||
|-
| 60141 || ''[[Abbotsford House|Abbotsford]]'' ||data-sort-value="1948-12-15"|December 1948||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1964-10-15"| October 1964 ||
|-
| 60142 || <span style="display:none">Fletcher</span>''[[Edward Fletcher (engineer)|Edward Fletcher]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-02-15"|February 1949||Darlington  ||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60143 || <span style="display:none">Scott</span>''[[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-02-15"|February 1949||Darlington  ||data-sort-value="1964-05-15"| May 1964 ||
|-
| 60144 || ''King's Courier'' ||data-sort-value="1949-03-15"|March 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1963-04-15"| April 1963 ||
|-
| 60145 || ''[[Saint Mungo]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-03-15"|March 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1966-06-15"| June 1966 ||Preservation attempt failed 
|-
| 60146 || ''[[Peregrine falcon|Peregrine]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-04-15"|April 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60147 || ''[[North Eastern Railway (UK)|North Eastern]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-04-15"|April 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1964-08-15"| August 1964 ||
|-
| 60148 || ''[[Aboyeur]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-05-15"|May 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60149 || ''Amadis'' ||data-sort-value="1949-05-15"|May 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1964-06-15"| June 1964 ||
|-
| 60150 || ''Willbrook'' ||data-sort-value="1949-06-15"|June 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1964-10-15"| October 1964 ||
|-
| 60151 || ''[[Midlothian]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-06-15"|June 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-11-15"| November 1965 ||
|-
| 60152 || ''[[Holyrood Palace|Holyrood]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-07-15"|July 1949||Darlington ||data-sort-value="1965-06-15"| June 1965 ||
|-
| 60153 || ''Flamboyant'' ||data-sort-value="1949-08-15"|August 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1962-11-15"| November 1962 ||
|-
| 60154 || ''[[Bon Accord (motto)|Bon Accord]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-09-15"|September 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60155 || ''Borderer'' ||data-sort-value="1949-09-15"|September 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1965-10-15"| October 1965 ||
|-
| 60156 || ''[[Great Central Railway|Great Central]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-10-15"|October 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1965-05-15"| May 1965 ||
|-
| 60157 || ''[[Great Eastern Railway|Great Eastern]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-11-15"|November 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1965-01-15"| January 1965 ||
|-
| 60158 || ''[[Aberdonian]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-11-15"|November 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1964-12-15"| December 1964 ||
|-
| 60159 || ''[[Bonnie Dundee]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-11-15"|November 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1963-10-15"| October 1963 ||
|-
| 60160 || ''[[Auld Reekie]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-12-15"|December 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1963-12-15"| December 1963 ||
|-
| 60161 || ''[[North British Railway|North British]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-12-15"|December 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1963-10-15"| October 1963 ||
|-
| 60162 || ''[[Saint Johnstoun]]'' ||data-sort-value="1949-12-15"|December 1949||Doncaster ||data-sort-value="1963-10-15"| October 1963 ||
<!--60163 Tornado was built in 2008, so is discussed further down-->
|}

===Notes on names===
The names of the A1s<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.a1steam.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=69| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723080859/http://www.a1steam.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=69| archive-date=23 July 2009| title=Names of A1s| website=60163 Tornado| publisher=A1 Steam Locomotive Trust}}</ref> were an eclectic mix including:
* Racehorses: Bois Roussel, Silurian, Scottish Union, Bongrace, Pommern, Foxhunter, Alcazar, Boswell, King's Courier, Aboyeur, Amadis, Willbrook, Flamboyant
* Names of people: W. P. Allen (an LNER locomotive driver who became a member of the Railway Executive in 1948), Archibald Sturrock, Patrick Stirling, H. A. Ivatt, Sir Vincent Raven, Wilson Worsdell, Edward Fletcher (Locomotive Superintendents of pre-grouping railways), [[Sir Walter Scott]], Saint Mungo
* Names related to the works of Sir Walter Scott: Meg Merrilies, Hal o’ the Wynd, Kenilworth, Guy Mannering, Marmion, Borderer, Madge Wildfire, Redgauntlet, Bonnie Dundee.  Some of these names had previously been used on [[NBR J class]] locomotives
* [[Railways Act 1921|Pre-grouping]] railway companies: North Eastern, Great Central, Great Eastern, North British
* Birds: Kittiwake, Curlew, Kestrel, Osprey, Sea Eagle, Peregrine
* Place-related names: Balmoral, Abbotsford (Sir Walter Scott's house), Midlothian, Holyrood, Bon Accord (motto of Aberdeen), Auld Reekie (a soubriquet for Edinburgh), Saint Johnstoun (an old name for Perth), Aberdonian

== No. 60163 ''Tornado'' ==
{{main|60163 Tornado}}
[[File:60163 Tornado front.jpg|thumb|right|[[60163 Tornado|60163 ''Tornado'']], August 2008, Darlington]]
None of the original production run of 49 Peppercorn A1s survived the scrapyard to be preserved. However, in 2008, a brand new 50th A1 based on the original Peppercorn patterns, [[60163 Tornado|60163 ''Tornado'']], was completed as the evolved member of the class.<ref name="BBCNews19Nov08ready">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/7737382.stm |title=New steam loco ready for service |date=19 November 2008<!-- 11:42 GMT -->|access-date=19 November 2008 |quote=The first new steam engine to be built in the UK for almost 50 years is ready for service after successfully completing all its trial runs ... Tornado, a Peppercorn class A1 Pacific steam locomotive ... |work=BBC News}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
*On 5 June 1950, locomotive No. 60153 ''Flamboyant'' was hauling an express passenger train which was derailed at [[Tollerton, North Yorkshire]] due to heat buckled track.<ref name=Trevena2>{{cite book |last=Trevena |first=Arthur |title=Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2. |year=1981 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Redruth |isbn=0-906899-03-6 |page=34 }}</ref>
*On 7 September 1962, No. 60123 ''H.A. Ivatt'' suffered harsh collision damage after running into a train at [[Offord]]. Four people were injured in the incident. It was withdrawn a month later and scrapped at Doncaster.<ref>{{cite web |title=A1 60113 – 60162 4-6-2 LNER & BR Thompson & Peppercorn |url=https://preservedbritishsteamlocomotives.com/a1-60113-60162-4-6-2-lner-br-thompson-peppercorn/ |website=Preserved British Steam Locomotives |date=6 July 2017 |publisher=WordPress |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Champion |first1=Phil |last2=Langer |first2=Graham |title=No. 60123 H.A. Ivatt |url=https://www.a1steam.com/2010/02/03/60123-ha-ivatt/ |website=The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust |access-date=28 January 2021 |date=3 February 2010 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123203730/https://www.a1steam.com/2010/02/03/60123-ha-ivatt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Demise of the A1s |url=https://www.a1steam.com/demise-of-the-a1s/ |website=The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust |access-date=28 January 2021 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119210456/https://www.a1steam.com/demise-of-the-a1s/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*On 16 January 1964, No. 60120 ''Kittiwake'' collided with the rear end of a goods train in North Otterington. It was withdrawn shortly after the incident.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Champion |first1=Phil |last2=Whittaker |first2=T.D. |last3=Langer |first3=Graham |title=No. 60120 Kittiwake |url=https://www.a1steam.com/2010/02/03/60120-kittiwake/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926074159/https://www.a1steam.com/2010/02/03/60120-kittiwake/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2020 |website=The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust |access-date=28 January 2021 |date=3 February 2010 }}</ref>
*On 14 April 2018, locomotive No. [[LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado|60163 ''Tornado'']] was hauling an excursion train named "The Ebor Flyer" from [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] to [[York railway station|York]]. While traveling at 90mph around [[Sandy railway station|Sandy]], south of [[Peterborough]], the locomotive's inside motion failed.<ref>https://www.a1steam.com/2018/04/14/the-ebor-flyer-update/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024900/https://www.a1steam.com/2018/04/14/the-ebor-flyer-update/ |date=20 June 2018 }} Tornado motion failure</ref><ref>https://www.a1steam.com/2018/04/17/tornado-repair-update/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024906/https://www.a1steam.com/2018/04/17/tornado-repair-update/ |date=20 June 2018 }} Repairs update</ref>

== Models ==
[[Bachmann Branchline]] and [[Hornby Railways|Hornby]] make models in [[OO gauge]], [[Graham Farish]] produce a model in [[N gauge]] and Accucraft (UK) make a live steam model in [[Gauge 1]].

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{RCTS-LocosLNER|2A}}
*{{cite book |last=Yeadon |first=W. B. |author-link=Willie Yeadon |year=1991 |title=Yeadon's Register of LNER Locomotives, Volume 3: Raven, Thompson and Peppercorn Pacifics |publisher=Irwell Press }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|LNER Peppercorn Class A1}}
*[http://www.a1steam.com/ A1 Steam Locomotive Trust]

{{LNER Locomotives}}

[[Category:London and North Eastern Railway locomotives|A1 Peppercorn]]
[[Category:4-6-2 locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1948]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:2′C1′ h3 locomotives]]
[[Category:Scrapped locomotives]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives in the United Kingdom]]