View source for Kurdish alphabets

{{Short description|Multiple alphabets of Kurdish language}}
[[File:Kurdistan_newspaper_1898.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Kurdistan (newspaper)|Kurdistan newspaper]] established in 1898, prior to [[spread of the Latin script|latinization]], was written in the Kurmanji dialect using Arabic script.]]

[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] is most commonly written using either of two alphabets: the [[Latin-script alphabet|Latin-based]] '''Bedirxan''' or '''Hawar alphabet''', introduced by [[Celadet Alî Bedirxan]] in 1932 and popularized through the [[Hawar (magazine)|Hawar magazine]], and the '''Kurdo-Arabic alphabet'''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aydin |first=Tahirhan |date=2018-12-30 |title=Sefheî Sibyan a Mela Mehmûdê Bazidî |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nubihar/issue/45498/491218 |journal=Nubihar Akademi |language=en |volume=3 |issue=10 |pages=104 |issn=2147-883X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thackston |first=W. M. |date=2006 |title=—Sorani Kurdish— A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings |url=https://kurdishcentral.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Thackstons-Grammar.pdf |journal=Harvard Faculty of Arts & Sciences |pages=4}}</ref> The [[Kurdistan Region]] has agreed upon a standard for Central Kurdish, implemented in Unicode for computation purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurdistan Regional Government |url=http://cabinet.gov.krd/a/print.aspx?l=13&smap=010000&a=52717 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122085437/http://previous.cabinet.gov.krd/a/d.aspx?l=13&smap=010000&a=52717 |archive-date=2020-11-22 |access-date=2016-03-01 |website=cabinet.gov.krd |language=ku}}</ref>
The Hawar alphabet is primarily used in [[Syria]] and [[Turkey]], while the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet is commonly used in [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]]. The Hawar alphabet is also used to some extent in [[Kurdistan Region|Iraqi Kurdistan]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Syan |first=Karwan Ali Qadir |date=2017|title=Media in an emergent democracy: the development of online journalism in the Kurdistan region of Iraq |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Bradford}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Language in Erbil {{!}} Erbil Lifestyle |url=https://erbillifestyle.com/language-in-erbil/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=erbillifestyle.com}}</ref> Two additional alphabets, based on the [[Armenian alphabet|Armenian]] and [[Cyrillic script]]s, were once used by [[Kurds]] in the [[Soviet Union]], most notably in the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]] and [[Kurdistansky Uyezd]]. Southern Kurdish lacks a standard orthography, as of 2024.<ref>Borjian, Habib (2024). Kermāšāni: The Kurdish Dialect of Kermanshah. WORD, 70(3), 199–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2024.2381338</ref>

=={{anchor|Bedirxan alphabet}} Hawar alphabet==
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Usually it is the northern languages spoken by [[Kurds]], [[Zaza language|Zazaki]] and [[Kurmanji]], that are written in the extended [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]] consisting of the 26 letters of the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet|ISO basic Latin Alphabet]] with 5 letters with [[diacritics]], for a total of 31 [[Letter (alphabet)|letters]] (each having an uppercase and a lowercase form):

{|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; width: 100%;"
|+ style="font-size: 110%;" |Hawar alphabet
|-
|1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||10||11||12||13||14||15||16||17||18||19||20
|21||22||23||24||25||26||27||28||29||30||31
|-
|bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="31" |'''[[Capital letters|Majuscule forms]]''' (also called '''uppercase''' or '''capital letters''')
|-
|A||B||C||Ç||D||E||Ê||F||G||H||I||Î||J||K||L||M||N||O||P||Q||R||S||Ş||T
|U||Û||V||W||X||Y||Z
|-
|bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="31" |'''[[Lower case|Minuscule forms]]''' (also called '''lowercase''' or '''small letters''')
|-
|a||b||c||ç||d||e||ê||f||g||h||i||î||j||k||l||m||n||o||p||q||r||s||ş||t
|u||û||v||w||x||y||z
|-
|bgcolor="#EFEFEF" colspan="31" |'''[[Help:IPA/Kurdish|IPA Values]]'''
|-
|/aː/||/b/||/dʒ/||/tʃ/||/d/||/ɛ/||/eː/||/f/||/g/||/h/||/ɪ/||/iː/||/ʒ/||/k/||/l/||/m/||/n/||/o/||/p/||/q/||/ɾ/||/s/||/ʃ/||/t/||/ʉ/||/u/||/v/||/w/||/x/||/j/||/z/
|-
|}

{{Kurds}}

In this alphabet the short vowels are E, I and U while the long vowels are A, Ê, Î, O and Û (see the IPA equivalents in the [[Help:IPA/Kurdish]] table).

When presenting the alphabet in his magazine ''Hawar'', Celadet Alî Bedirxan proposed using diacritics on {{angbr|ḧ ẍ}} to distinguish the Arabic {{lang|ckb|غ}} and {{lang|ckb|ح}} sounds (see [http://www.nefel.com/epirtuk/pdf/celadet_ali_bedir_xan_elfabeugramer_02.pdf?NR:122] page 12, 13). These are not considered letters, but are used to disambiguate loanwords that would otherwise be conflated.

[[Turkey]] does not recognize this alphabet. Using the letters Q, W, and X, which did not exist in the [[Turkish alphabet]] until 2013, led to a trial in 2000 and 2003 (see [https://web.archive.org/web/20090729192111/http://www.ihf-hr.org/viewbinary/viewdocument.php?download=1&doc_id=6391], p.&nbsp;8, and [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310203511/http://www.rsf.org/rsf/uk/html/mo/cplp/cp/000300.html]). Since September 2003, many Kurds applied to the courts seeking to change their names to Kurdish ones written with these letters, but failed.<ref name=cla3a>{{cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/docs/CLA3a.doc |title=Submission to the Sub-Commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: Working Group of Minorities; Tenth Session, Agenda Item 3 (a) |first=Saniye |last=Karakaş |author2=[[Diyarbakır]] Branch of the Contemporary Lawyers Association |publisher=[[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]] |date=March 2004 |access-date=2006-11-07 |format=[[Microsoft Word|MS Word]] |archive-format=[[Microsoft Word|MS Word]] |quote=Kurds have been officially allowed since September 2003 to take Kurdish names, but cannot use the letters x, w, or q, which are common in Kurdish but do not exist in Turkey's version of the Latin alphabet. ... Those letters, however, are used in Turkey in the names of companies, TV and radio channels, and trademarks. For example [[Turkish Army]] has company under the name of [[AXA]] [[OYAK]] and there is [[Show TV|SHOW TV]] television channel in Turkey. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628171743/http://www.unhchr.ch/minorities/statements10/CLA3a.doc |archive-date=2007-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Turkish government finally legalized the letters Q, W, and X as part of the Turkish alphabet in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/2013/10/24/turkey_prime_minister_erdogan_s_democratizaton_package_legalizes_letters.html |title=Turkey legalizes the letters Q, W, and X. Yay Alphabet! |author=Mark Liberman |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=2013-10-24 |access-date=2013-10-25 }}</ref>

===History===
The Kurdish Latin alphabet was elaborated mainly by Celadet Bedirxan who initially had sought the cooperation of [[Taufiq Wahby|Tewfîq Wehbî]], who in 1931 lived in Iraq. But after not having received any responses by Wehbî for several months, he and his brother [[Kamuran Alî Bedirxan]] decided to launch the "Hawar" alphabet in 1932.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gorgas|first=Jordi Tejel|title=Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil: continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925-1946)|date=2007|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-03911-209-8|pages=303|language=fr}}</ref> Celadet Bedirxan aimed to create an alphabet that wrote each sound with its own letter. As the [[Kurds in Turkey]] already learned the [[Turkish Latin alphabet]], he created an alphabet which would specifically be accessible for the Kurds in Turkey.<ref>Gorgas, Jordi Tejel (2007), p.305</ref> Some scholars have suggested making minor additions to Bedirxan's alphabet to make it more user-friendly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kirmaşanî Alphabet and Pronunciation Guide |url=https://www.academia.edu/12911202 |via=Academia.edu |access-date=2023-08-13 |last1=Bahadur |first1=Muhamadreza }}</ref>

==Kurdo-Arabic alphabet==
{{Arabic-script sidebar|Kurdish}}
[[File:Venn diagram showing Kurdish, Persian and Arabic letters.svg|thumb|Venn diagram showing Kurdish, Persian and Arabic letters]]
Many Kurdish varieties, mainly [[Sorani]], are written using a modified [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]] with 33 letters introduced by Sa'id Kaban Sedqi. Unlike the Persian alphabet, which is an [[abjad]], Central Kurdish is almost a true [[alphabet]] in which vowels are given the same treatment as consonants. Written Central Kurdish also relies on vowel and consonant context to differentiate between the phonemes u/w and î/y instead of using separate letters. It does show the two [[pharyngeal consonant]]s, as well as a [[voiced velar fricative]], used in Kurdish.

A new sort order for the alphabet was proposed some time ago by the [[Kurdish Academy]] as the new standard,<ref>{{in lang|ku}} [https://www.kurdish-academy.com/index.php/gak/item/140 گۆڤاری ئەکادیمیای کوردی، ژمارە (١٦)ی ساڵی ٢٠١٠ (''The 2010 Journal of Kurdish Academy, Issue 16'')], 14-16</ref> all of which are letters accepted included in the Central Kurdish Unicode Keyboard:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://unicode.ekrg.org/ku_unicodes.html |title=Kurdish Keyboard |author=Unicode Team of KRG-IT |website=unicode.ekrg.org |access-date=2016-03-01 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align: center; font-size: 120%; width: 100%;"
|-
| {{lang|ckb|ع}}
| {{lang|ckb|ش}}
| {{lang|ckb|س}}
| {{lang|ckb|ژ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ز}}
| {{lang|ckb|ڕ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ر}}
| {{lang|ckb|د}}
| {{lang|ckb|خ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ح}}
| {{lang|ckb|چ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ج}}
| {{lang|ckb|ت}}
| {{lang|ckb|پ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ب}}
| {{lang|ckb|ا}}
| {{lang|ckb|ئـ}}
|-
| 17 || 16 || 15 || 14 || 13 || 12 || 11 || 10 || 9 || 8 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
|{{IPAblink|ʕ}}
|{{IPAblink|ʃ}}
|{{IPAblink|s}}
|{{IPAblink|ʒ}}
|{{IPAblink|z}}
|{{IPAblink|r}}
|{{IPAblink|ɾ}}
|{{IPAblink|d}}
|{{IPAblink|x}}
|{{IPAblink|ħ}}
|{{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}
|{{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}
|{{IPAblink|t}}
|{{IPAblink|p}}
|{{IPAblink|b}}
|{{IPAblink|ä|aː}}
|{{IPAblink|ʔ}}
|-
| {{lang|ckb|ێ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ی}}
| {{lang|ckb|ۆ}}
| {{lang|ckb|وو}}
| {{lang|ckb|و}}
| {{lang|ckb|ە}}
| {{lang|ckb|ھ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ن}}
| {{lang|ckb|م}}
| {{lang|ckb|ڵ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ل}}
| {{lang|ckb|گ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ک}}
| {{lang|ckb|ق}}
| {{lang|ckb|ڤ}}
| {{lang|ckb|ف}}
| {{lang|ckb|غ}}
|-
| 34 || 33 || 32 || 31 || 30 || 29 || 28 || 27 || 26 || 25 || 24 || 23 || 22 || 21 || 20 || 19 || 18
|-
|{{IPAblink|eː}}
|{{IPAblink|j}}, {{IPAblink|iː}}
|{{IPAblink|oː}}
|{{IPAblink|uː}}
|{{IPAblink|w}}, {{IPAblink|ʊ}}
|{{IPAblink|ɛ}}
|{{IPAblink|h}}
|{{IPAblink|n}}
|{{IPAblink|m}}
|{{IPAblink|ɫ}}
|{{IPAblink|l}}
|{{IPAblink|g}}
|{{IPAblink|k}}
|{{IPAblink|q}}
|{{IPAblink|v}}
|{{IPAblink|f}}
|{{IPAblink|ɣ}}
|}

The alphabet is represented by 34 letters including <span style="font-size:175%">{{lang|ckb|وو}}</span> which is given its own position. Kurds in [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]] use this alphabet. Although the [[Kurdistan Region]]'s standardization uses {{lang|ckb|[[wikt:ک|ک]]}} (Unicode 06A9) instead of {{lang|ckb|[[wikt:ك|ك]]}} (Unicode 0643) for letter [[kaph#Arabic kāf|''kaf'']] (22 in above table) as listed in the Unicode table on the official home page,<ref name=":0" /> the latter glyph is still in use by various individuals and organizations.

=== Vowels ===
[[Sorani|Central Kurdish]] has eight vowels, all of them except {{IPAslink|ɪ}} are represented by letters:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yageyziman.com/Renusi_Kurdi.htm |title=ڕێنووس |website=yageyziman.com |access-date=2016-03-01 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
! Letter
! IPA
! Example
|-
| 1
| {{lang|ckb|ا}}
| [[Open front unrounded vowel|aː]] ([[Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]])
| {{lang|ckb|با}} {{IPA|/baː/}} "wind"
|-
| 2
| {{lang|ckb|ە}}
| [[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Mid central vowel|ə]], [[Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]])
| {{lang|ckb|مەزن}} {{IPA|/mɛzɪn/}} "great"
|-
| 3
| {{lang|ckb|و}}
| [[Close back rounded vowel|u]], [[Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]
| {{lang|ckb|کورد}} {{IPA|/kʊɾd/}} "Kurd"
|-
| 4
| {{lang|ckb|ۆ}}
| [[Close-mid back rounded vowel|{{IPA|oː|cat=no}}]], [[Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
| {{lang|ckb|تۆ}} {{IPA|/toː/}} "you"
|-
| 5
| {{lang|ckb|وو}}
| [[Close back protruded vowel|{{IPA|uː|cat=no}}]]
| {{lang|ckb|گەردوون}} {{IPA|/gɛrduːn/}} "cosmos"
|-
| 6
| {{lang|ckb|ی}}
| [[Close front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|iː|cat=no}}]]
| {{lang|ckb|شین}} {{IPA|/ʃiːn/}} "blue"
|-
| 7
| {{lang|ckb|ێ}}
| [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|{{IPA|eː|cat=no}}]]
| {{lang|ckb|دێ}} {{IPA|/deː/}} "village"
|}
Similar to some letters in English, both {{lang|ckb|و}} (u) and {{lang|ckb|ی}} (î) can become consonants. In the words {{lang|ckb|وان}}{{Efn|{{IPA|ku|wɑːn}}}} (Wan) and {{lang|ckb|یاری}}{{Efn|{{IPA|ku|jɑɾiː}}}} (play), {{lang|ckb|و}} and {{lang|ckb|ی}} are consonants. [[Sorani|Central Kurdish]] stipulates that syllables must be formed with at least one vowel, whilst a maximum of two vowels is permitted.

==Historical alphabets==

===Purported old Kurdish script===
[[File:Masî soratî.PNG|thumb|Purported Kurdish script, from the book ''Shawq al-Mustaham'', attributed to Ibn Wahshiyya]]
In the Arabic book ''Shawq al-Mustaham'', attributed to the 9th-century author [[Ibn Wahshiyya]], the author refers to the existence of a Kurdish alphabet and to scientific and artistic works written in Kurdish. The works attributed to Ibn Wahshiyya are the subject of debate and not considered totally reliable, and this particular book is regarded as "a later [[Pseudepigrapha|pseudepigraph]] which used the names made famous by Ibn Wahshiyya". There is no other source that confirms this reference to written Kurdish at this early date.<ref>{{cite book |last=Öpengin |first=Ergin |chapter=The History of Kurdish and the Development of Literary Kurmanji |date=22 April 2021 |title=The Cambridge History of the Kurds |pages=611–612 |editor-last=Bozarslan |editor-first=Hamit |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-the-kurds/history-of-kurdish-and-the-development-of-literary-kurmanji/1F01E2A1CDB41F3137A2FA3AD9BC384A |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108623711.025 |isbn=978-1-108-62371-1 |editor2-last=Gunes |editor2-first=Cengiz |editor3-last=Yadirgi |editor3-first=Veli}}</ref>

===Cyrillic alphabet===
A third system, used for the few Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in the former [[Soviet Union]]—especially in Armenia—used a unique variant of the [[Cyrillic alphabet]], consisting of 40 letters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/kurdish.pdf|title=Kurdish Romanization Table (2012)|publisher=Library of Congress|website=loc.gov}}</ref> It was designed in 1946 by [[Heciyê Cindî]].<ref>{{cite book| author = Һʼ. Щнди | title = Әлифба | edition = 3000 экз| location = Ереван| year = 1974 | publisher = Луйс| page = 96 }}</ref>

{| class="Unicode" style="font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|А а}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Б б}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|В в}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Г г}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Гʼ гʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Д д}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Е е}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|[[Ә]] ә}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Әʼ әʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Ж ж}}
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|З з}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|И и}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Й й}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|К к}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Кʼ кʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Л л}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|М м}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Н н}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|О о}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|[[Ӧ]] ӧ}}
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|П п}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Пʼ пʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Р р}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Рʼ рʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|С с}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Т т}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Тʼ тʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|У у}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Ф ф}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Х х}}
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|[[Һ]] һ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Һʼ һʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Ч ч}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Чʼ чʼ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Ш ш}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Щ щ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Ь ь}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|Э э}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|[[Qa (Cyrillic)|Ԛ]] ԛ}}
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{lang|ku-Cyrl|[[Ԝ]] ԝ}}
|}
[[File:West Armenian Kurdish Alphabet.png|thumb|357x357px|The Armenian-Kurdish Alphabet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Different Kurdish Scripts' Comparison |url=http://www.skytower.org/~ernstjtremel/downloadableKurdishFiles/Different_Kurdish_Scripts_Comparison.pdf}}</ref>]]

===Armenian alphabet===
From 1921 to 1929, a modified version of the west [[Armenian alphabet]] was used for Kurmanji, in the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]].<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/81/1008155/1008155a1.htm Курдский язык (''Kurdish language'')], Кругосвет (''Krugosvet'')</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kurdish language, alphabets and pronunciation|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm|access-date=2021-04-23|website=omniglot.com}}</ref>

It was then replaced with a [[Yañalif]]-like Latin alphabet during the campaigns for [[Latinisation in the Soviet Union]].

=== Soviet Latin alphabet ===
[[File:Soviet kurdi latin alphabet (1929).jpg|thumb|Kurdish Soviet Latin Alphabet.]]
In 1928, Kurdish languages in all of the [[Soviet Union]], including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, were switched to a Latin alphabet containing some Cyrillic characters.

1929 it was reformed and was replaced by the following alphabet:<ref>{{in lang|ru}} Культура и письменность Востока (Eastern Culture and Literature). 1928, №2.</ref>

{| class="Unicode" style="font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ꞓ]] ꞓ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ç ç
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ə]] ə
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ə́]] ə́
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ƣ]] ƣ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ħ]] ħ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:125%;"><small>Ⱪ ⱪ</small></span>
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ɵ]] ɵ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | <span style="font-size:125%;"><small>Ҏ ҏ</small></span>
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Q q
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ş ş
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ţ]] ţ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | W w
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | X x
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ƶ]] ƶ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[I with bowl|Ь]] ь
|}

The Soviet Latin alphabet is no longer used.

=== {{vanchor|Yezidi script}}{{anchor|Yezidi}} ===
{{see also|Yezidi (Unicode block)}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name        = Yezidi
| qid         = Q72401962
| altname     = <!-- 2ary name -->
| sample      = Shukla Khatuna Fekhra.svg
| caption     = The name of '[[Khatuna Fekhra]]', a Yazidi female saint, in Yazidi script
| type        = <!-- (see type options below) -->
| typedesc    = <!-- (For providing additional info after a general type) -->
| languages   = [[Northern Kurdish]]
| published   = <!-- (Date published - for shorthands and script reforms) -->
| time        = 13th century — present
| fam1        = <!-- (Use famN to specify parent writing system/s. -->
| fam2        = <!--  Up to 15 parent writing systems can be listed, -->
| sisters     = <!-- (For sister writing systems here with common origin) -->
| children    = <!-- (For child writing systems) -->
| imagesize   = 250px
| unicode     = U+10E80..U+10EBF
| iso15924    = Yezi
| iso15924 note = <!-- (To specify more text on the ISO 15924 four-letter codes, e.g. variants, aliases) -->
| footnotes   = <!--  (Some information about the writing system) -->
| note        = none
}}
{{Contains special characters|Uncommon Unicode|section}}
The [[Yezidi]] script is written from right to left and was used to write in Kurdish, specifically in the [[Kurmanji]] dialect (also called Northern Kurdish). The script has a long history, according to some data, it can be dated back to 13th-14th centuries, however, some scholars trace the creation of this script to 17th-18th centuries. The author of the script is unknown, but it was used for two manuscripts, [[Yazidi Black Book|''Meṣḥefa Reş'']] and [[Yazidi Book of Revelation|''Kitêba Cilwe'']], first published by [[Anastase-Marie al-Karmali]] in 1911.

It is believed that historically, there existed two sacred Yezidi manuscripts known as ''Meshefa Reş'' and ''Kitêba Cilwe'', but the originals were lost. Later copies of these manuscripts were found, written in a special Yezidi alphabet, however, their contents was distorted. As a result, while the [[Yazidi social organization|Yazidi clergy]] do recognize the Yezidi alphabet, they do not consider the content of these two manuscripts to be sources of the [[Yazidism|Yezidi religion]].<ref name="iryez2">{{Iranica|yazidis-i-general-1|YAZIDIS i. GENERAL}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Omarkhali |first=Khanna |title=Kitāb al-Jilwa |journal=Encyclopedia of Islam, Third Edition |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_35639}}</ref>

In 2013, the Spiritual Council of [[Yazidism in Georgia|Yazidis in Georgia]] decided to revive the Yezidi script and use it for writing prayers, religious books, on the organization letterhead and in the Yazidi heraldry.<ref name="Rovenchak">Rovenchak, A., Pirbari, D., & Karaca, E. (2019). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19051r-yezidi.pdf L2/19-051R ''Proposal for encoding the Yezidi script in the SMP of the UCS''].</ref><ref>Rovenchak, A. (2019). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19164-yezidi-uum.pdf ''Information on Yezidi UUM and hamza''].</ref> Today, it is used by the Yazidi clergymen in the [[Sultan Ezid Temple|Yazidi temple of Sultan Ezid]] at [[Tbilisi]], where the names of the [[List of Yazidi holy figures|Yazidi saints]] are written on walls in this alphabet. Furthermore, ''Dua'yêd Êzdiyan'', a book containing a collection of Yazidi prayers, was written and published in the Yezidi alphabet.<ref name="Rovenchak" /> {{Unicode chart Yezidi}}

==Comparison of Kurdish alphabets==
{{See also|Help:IPA/Kurdish|label 1=IPA for Kurdish}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan=2 | Latin
! rowspan=2 | [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
! colspan=4 | Arabic
! rowspan=2 | Yezidi
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
!Hawar
!Soviet
!(isolated)
! (final)
! (medial)
! (initial)
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">A, a</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">A, a</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">А, а</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ا}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـا}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺀}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ä|aː}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">B, b</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">B, b</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Б, б</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ب}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـب}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـبـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|بـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺁}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|b}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">C, c</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ç, ç</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Щ, щ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ج}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـج}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـجـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|جـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺆}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ç, ç</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">C, c</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ч, ч</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|چ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـچ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـچـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|چـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺇}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ç, ç</span><ref name=":3">{{Citation |title=ç |date=2023-07-06 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%A7&oldid=5161003 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ꞓ, ꞓ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Чʼ, чʼ</span>
|colspan=4| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺈}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|t͡ʃʰ}}<ref name=":3" />
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">D, d</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">D, d</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Д, д</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;" colspan=2>{{script/Arabic|د}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:125%;"> {{script/Arabic|ـد}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|د}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺋}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|d}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">E, e</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ə, ə</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ә, ә</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ە}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـە}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ە}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺦}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɛ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ê, ê</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">E, e</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">(Э, э)</span>;{{Efn|At the beginning of a word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Different Kurdish Scripts' Comparison |url=http://www.skytower.org/~ernstjtremel/downloadableKurdishFiles/Different_Kurdish_Scripts_Comparison.pdf}}</ref>}} <span style="font-size:125%;">(E, e)</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ێ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـێ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـێـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ێـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺩}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|eː}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">F, f</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">F, f</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ф, ф</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ف}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـف}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـفـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|فـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺙}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|f}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">G, g</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">G, g</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Г, г</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|گ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـگ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـگـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|گـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺟}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɡ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">H, h</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">H, h</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Һ, һ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ھ}}</span>
| colspan="1" | <span style="font-size:125%">— </span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـھـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ھ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺧}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|h}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">H, h</span><ref>{{Citation |title=h |date=2023-07-06 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=h&oldid=5160268 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ħ, ħ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Һʼ, һʼ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ح}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـح}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـحـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|حـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺉}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ħ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">I, i</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ь, ь</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ь, ь</span>
|colspan=4| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%">—</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɘ}}, {{IPAblink|ɘ̝}},<ref>{{Citation |title=i |date=2023-07-13 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=i&oldid=5188746 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-13 |language=ku}}</ref> {{IPAblink|ɪ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Î, î</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">I, i</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">И, и</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ی}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـی}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـیـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|یـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺨}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|iː}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">J, j</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ƶ, ƶ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ж, ж</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ژ}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـژ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ژ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺐}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ʒ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">K, k</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">K, k</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">К, к</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ک}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـک}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـکـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|کـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺝}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|k}}
|- align="center"
|<span style="font-size:125%;">K, k</span><ref>{{Citation |title=k |date=2023-07-06 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=k&oldid=5158726 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ⱪ, ⱪ</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Кʼ, кʼ</span>
|colspan=4| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|[<nowiki/>[[Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]]
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">L, l</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">L, l</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Л, л</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ل}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـل}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـلـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|لـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺠}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|l}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">L, l; (ll)</span><ref>{{Citation |title=l |date=2023-07-13 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=l&oldid=5188748 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">L, l</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Лʼ, лʼ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ڵ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـڵ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـڵـ}}</span>
| colspan="1" | {{Script/Arabic|ڵـ}}
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺰}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɫ|ɫ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">M, m</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">M, m</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">М, м</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|م}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـم}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـمـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|مـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺡}}</span>
|{{IPAblink|m}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">N, n</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">N, n</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Н, н</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ن}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـن}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـنـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|نـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺢}}</span>
|{{IPAblink|n}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">O, o</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">O, o</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">О, о</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ۆ}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـۆ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ۆ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺥}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|o}}, {{IPAblink|o̟ː}}, {{IPAblink|o̽ː}},<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=o |date=2023-07-06 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=o&oldid=5161006 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref> {{IPAblink|oː}}
|- align="center"
|<span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ɵ, ɵ{{Efn|Argues for the distinction of the letters. As can be used in the spelling of "Xoşe" instead of "Xweşe", for example. Soviet Latin: Xөşә.}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|colspan=4| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|{{IPAblink|o̽ː}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">P, p</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">P, p</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">П, п</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|پ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـپ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـپـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|پـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺂}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|p}}, {{IPAblink|pʰ}}<ref name=":2" />
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">P, p</span><ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=p |date=2023-08-05 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=p&oldid=5205105 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;"><big>Ҏ, ҏ</big></span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Пʼ, пʼ</span>
|colspan=4| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺃}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|pˤ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Q, q</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Q, q</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ԛ, ԛ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ق}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـق}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـقـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|قـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺜}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|q}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">R, r</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">R, r</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Р, р</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ر}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـر}}</span>
| colspan="1" | <span style="font-size:125%">—</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺍}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɾ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">R</span><span style="font-size:125%;">,</span> <span style="font-size:125%;">r; (rr)</span><ref>{{Citation |title=R |date=2023-07-13 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=R&oldid=5188749 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-07-19 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">R, r</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Рʼ, рʼ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ڕ}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـڕ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ڕ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺎}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|r}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">S, s</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">S, s</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">С, с</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|س}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـس}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـسـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|سـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺑}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|s}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ş, ş</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ş, ş</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ш, ш</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ش}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـش}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـشـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|شـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺒}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ʃ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">T, t</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">T, t</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Т, т</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ت}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـت}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـتـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|تـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺕}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|t}}
|- align="center"
|<span style="font-size:125%;">T, t</span><ref>{{Citation |title=t |date=2023-07-30 |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=t&oldid=5203839 |work=Wîkîferheng |access-date=2023-08-11 |language=ku}}</ref>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ţ, ţ</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Тʼ, тʼ</span>
|colspan=4| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|[<nowiki/>[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|tʰ]]]
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">U, u</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">U, u</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ӧ, ӧ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|و}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|و}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺣}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|u}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Û, û</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Y, y</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">У, у</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|وو}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـوو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺣𐺣}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|uː}}, {{IPAblink|ʉː|errortext=}},<ref>{{Citation |title=û |date=2024-02-22 |work=Wîkîferheng |url=https://ku.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%BB&oldid=5994597 |access-date=2024-02-22 |language=ku}}</ref> {{IPAblink|yː|errortext=}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">V, v</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">V, v</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">В, в</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ڤ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـڤ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـڤـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ڤـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺚 𐺛}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|v}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">W, w</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">W, w</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Ԝ, ԝ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|و}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـو}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|و}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺤}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|w}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">X, x</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">X, x</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Х, х</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|خ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـخ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـخـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|خـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺊}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|x}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">X, x</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Ƣ, ƣ</span> 
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Гʼ, гʼ</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|غ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـغ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـغـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|غـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺘}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ɣ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">—</span>
|<big><span style="font-size:125%;">Ə́</span></big><span style="font-size:125%;">, <big>ə́</big></span>
| <big>Әʼ, әʼ</big>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ع}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـع}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـعـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|عـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺗}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|ʕ}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Y, y</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">J, j</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Й, й</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ی}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـی}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـیـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|یـ}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺨}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|j}}
|- align="center"
| <span style="font-size:125%;">Z, z</span>
|<span style="font-size:125%;">Z, z</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">З, з</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ز}}</span>
|colspan=2| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ـز}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Arabic|ز}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:125%;">{{script/Yezidi|𐺏}}</span>
| {{IPAblink|z}}
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Kurdistan|Language}}
* [[Kurdish typography]]
* [[Romanization of Kurdish]]
* [[Help:IPA/Kurdish]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://kurdishacademy.org/?q=node/145 KAL – A table of the various Kurdish alphabets]
* Omniglot: [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm Kurdish language, alphabet and pronunciation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207195256/http://kurditgroup.org/downloads.php?cid=2 Kurdish Unicode Fonts]

{{Arabic alphabets}}
{{Kurdish language}}
{{Cyrillic navbox}}
{{Language orthographies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurdish Alphabet}}
[[Category:Latin alphabets]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Persian alphabets]]
[[Category:Kurdish language]]
[[Category:Writing systems of Asia]]
[[Category:Cyrillic letters]]
[[Category:Cyrillic alphabets]]