View source for Kumasi

{{Short description|City in Ashanti Region, Ghana}}
{{for|the administrative subdivision of Iran|Kumasi Rural District}}
{{Use Ghanaian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Kumasi
| native_name        = {{nativename|tw|Kumase}}
| official_name      = 
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
 | photo1a                 = Kronum Kumasi 2018-11-08 (130246).jpg
 | photo1b                 = Kumasi international airport.jpg
 | photo2a                 = Manhyia Palace Museum, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg
 | photo2b                 = Fort Kumasi and Millitary Museum (10).jpg
 | size                    = 320
 | spacing                 = 3
 | color                   = white
 | color_border            = white
 | border                  = 1
}}
| image_caption      = '''Top to Bottom; Left to Right''': [[Kronom]] suburb in Kumasi, [[Prempeh I International Airport]], [[Manhyia Palace]], [[Armed Forces Museum (Ghana)|Armed Forces Museum]]
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 50px
| seal_link          = Seal (emblem)
| coordinates        = {{Coord|06|42|00|N|01|37|30|W|region:GH|display=inline,title}}
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Kumasi in [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]], Central Ghana
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| etymology          = [[Twi]]: ''Kumase'' ('under the kum tree')
| nicknames           = The Garden City, Oseikrom
| image_flag         = Flag of the City of Kumasi.svg
| pushpin_map        = Ashanti#Ghana#Africa
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Ghana}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Ghana|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Ashanti}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[Districts of Ghana|District]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly|Kumasi Metropolitan]]
| subdivision_type3  = Historic countries
| subdivision_name3  = [[Ashanti Empire]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1680
| government_footnotes = <ref name="kumasi mayor"/>
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
| leader_title       = Metropolitan mayor
| leader_name        = [[Ofori-Agyeman Boadi]]
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |title=Demographic Characteristics |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts1on1/kma/?arrow=atd&_=6&sa=5477 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503195245/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts1on1/kma/?arrow=atd&_=6&sa=5477 |archive-date=3 May 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 299
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| elevation_m        = 250
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2021 population census">{{cite report|url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2021%20PHC%20General%20Report%20Vol%203A_Population%20of%20Regions%20and%20Districts_181121.pdf|title=Population of Regions and Districts Report (2021)|publisher=Ghana Statistical Service|page=52|access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="2021 census estimate">{{cite web |title=World Population Review |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/kumasi-population |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620142057/https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/kumasi-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|5,36}}
| population_total   = 443,981
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 3,490,030
| population_note    = 
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
| population_blank1  = {{hlist|[[Ashanti people|Asante]]|[[Dagomba people|Dagombas]]|[[Mole-Dagbon people|Mole-Dagbon]]|[[Ewe people|Ewe]]}}
| population_blank2_title = Religion
| population_blank2  = {{hlist|Christianity|Islam|[[Traditional African religions#West Africa|Traditional African religions]]}}
| timezone           = [[UTC±0|UTC]]
| utc_offset         = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in Ghana|Postal code]]s
| postal_code        = AK000-AK911
| area_code          = [[Telephone numbers in Ghana|032 20]]
| blank_name         = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info         = ''[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]''
| website            = [http://www.kma.gov.gh kma.gov.gh]
}}

'''Kumasi'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|k|uː|'|m|ɑː|'|s|iː}} {{respell|koo|ma|SEE}};<ref>{{cite dictionary|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kumasi|title=Kumasi|publisher=Merriam-webster|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> [[Twi]]: ''Kumase''<ref name="etymology">{{cite journal|last=Brempong|first=O.|url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA19852007_101|title=Twi etymology: a study in ethno-linguistlcs|journal=Research Review|date=1991|volume=7|issue=1|access-date=19 September 2024|quote="...Kumasi (the capital of Ashanti), originated when the legendary priest, Okomfo Anokye, planted Okum trees, one at Kwaman..."}}</ref>}} is a city and the capital of the [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly]] and the [[Ashanti Region]] of [[Ghana]].<ref name="kumasi summary2">{{cite journal|last1=Devas|first1=N.|last2=Korboe|first2=D.|title=City governance and poverty: the case of Kumasi|journal=[[Environment & Urbanization]]|date=2000|volume=12|issue=1|pages=123–136 |doi=10.1177/095624780001200109|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{rp|1,3}} It is the second largest city in the country,<ref name="kumasi summary3">{{cite web|last=Baeyens|first=A.|url=https://lib.ugent.be/catalog/rug01:001887157|title=Kumasi, Ghana. Critical study of an African urban structure|publisher=[[Ghent University Library]]|date=2012|access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>{{rp|9}} with a population of 443,981 as of the 2021 census.<ref name="2021 population census"/> Kumasi is located in a [[rain forest]] region near [[Lake Bosomtwe]]<ref name="2010 census">{{cite report|url=https://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010_District_Report/Ashanti/KMA.pdf|title=2010 population & housing census|date=2014|publisher=Ghana Statistical Service|location=Kumasi Metropolitan|access-date=20 September 2024}}</ref>{{rp|2}} and is located about {{convert|200|km|mi}} from [[Accra]].<ref name="distance calculator">Straight line distances from: Daft Logic; {{cite web|url=http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm|title=Google Maps Distance Calculator|access-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726200056/http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm|archive-date=26 July 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The city experiences a [[tropical savanna climate]], with two rainy seasons which range from minor to major. Major ethnic groups who live in Kumasi are the [[Ashanti people|Asante]], [[Dagomba people|Dagombas]], [[Mole-Dagbon people|Mole-Dagbon]] and [[Ewe people|Ewe]].<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|5}} As of 2025, the mayor of the metropolitan is Ofori-Agyeman Boadi.<ref name="Kuamsi summary3">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Africa|volume=1|date=2010|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|editor-last1=Appiah|editor-first=A.|editor-last2=Gates Jr.|editor-first2=H.|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|pages=21, 22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly |url=http://kma.gov.gh/kma/?kma-gets-new-mayor&page=6053 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=kma.gov.gh}}</ref>

The city was the capital of the [[Asante Empire]], which at its peak covered large parts of present-day Ghana and the [[Ivory Coast]].<ref name="kumasi summary3"/>{{rp|9}} After being taken over by the [[British Empire|British]] in 1896 coupled with experiencing a fast population growth, Kumasi rapidly grew with improvements to its infrastructure, such as roads and the addition of railways. After Ghana gained its independence in 1957, the city became the capital of the Ashanti Region. Kumasi remains the seat of the ''[[Asantehene]]''. The city is often regarded as "The Garden City" after [[Maxwell Fry]] published his 1945 "Garden City of West Africa" plan for the city.<ref name="kumasi history summary">{{cite journal|last=Schmidt|first=S.|title=Cultural Influences and the Built Environment: An Examination of Kumasi, Ghana|journal=Journal of Urban Design|date=2006|volume=10|issue=3 |pages=353–370 |doi=10.1080/13574800500297751|doi-access=free}}</ref> Additionally, it is also due to the abundance of gardens and forestry in the city.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Kumasi: The Garden City without gardens? |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/kumasi-the-garden-city-without-gardens.html |website=Graphic Online |date=31 July 2013 |access-date=11 January 2020 |language=en-GB |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311115230/https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/kumasi-the-garden-city-without-gardens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kumasi is a commercial, economic, and trading hub in Ghana, home to the biggest market in [[West Africa]]: the [[Kejetia Market]]. The city is the centre of Asante culture, hence also being nicknamed "Osei-Krom" or simply "Oseikrom", along with attracting many visitors.<ref name="kumasi summary3"/>{{rp|9}} The city is also home to numerous trade associations, such as the Aboabo Talia Producers'
Association. Half of the country's [[Wood processing|timber processing]] takes place in the city. The [[Centre for National Culture (Kumasi)|Centre for National Culture]], [[Wesley College of Education, Kumasi|Wesley College of Education]], and [[Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital]] are all located in the city.<ref name="kumasi summary2"/>{{rp|10}}<ref name="Kuamsi summary3"/> The city is also home to an increasingly growing film industry, [[Kumawood]], which mainly focuses on telling local-themed stories in the local language of [[Twi]].

== History ==
{{Main|History of Kumasi}}

=== Etymology ===
Kumasi derived from the [[Twi]] word ''Kumase'', meaning 'under the kum tree' in which ''kum'' meant 'the tree' and ''ase'' means 'under'. The word was the name of an [[Plum|''Okum'' tree]] in Kwaman, planted by [[Okomfo Anokye]].<ref name="etymology"/>

=== Early settlement ===
[[File:BOWDICH(1819) p344 PLATE 9 - COOMASSIE, PART OF ADAM STREET.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kente]] weaver on Adum Street in Kumasi, Ghana, 1819]]
Kumasi was founded in the 1680s by Asantehene [[Osei Kofi Tutu I]] as the capital of the Ashanti Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Eyoh|first1=Dickson|last2=Zeleza|first2=Paul Tiyambe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC&dq=history+of+kumasi+1680&pg=PT471 |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History|publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2005|isbn=978-1-134-56584-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Abaka|first1=Edmund |last2=Owusu-Ansah|first2= David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bi_2EAAAQBAJ&dq=history+of+kumasi+1680&pg=PR37 |title=Historical Dictionary of Ghana|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|year=2024|isbn=978-1-5381-4525-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Simpson|first1=Richard |last2=Zimmermann|first2= Monika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZl0z0f2AOEC&dq=kumasi+1680&pg=PA353 |title=The Economy of Green Cities: A World Compendium on the Green Urban Economy|publisher=Springer Netherlands|page=353|year=2012|isbn=978-94-007-1969-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bellegarde-Smith|first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk0ZQNcVpYAC&dq=kumasi+1680&pg=PA127 |title=Fragments of Bone: Neo-African Religions in a New World|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|page=127|year=2005|isbn=978-0-252-02968-4}}</ref> Various accounts exist on the formation of the city. One states that Osei Tutu negotiated for the land under a Kum Tree, providing the origin of the name Kumasi.<ref name="Kuamsi summary3"/> Other oral sources state it was [[Nana Oti Akenten]] who negotiated with the chief of [[Tafo]] for a plot of land under a Kum tree.<ref>{{harvp|Pescheux, Gérard|2003|p=92}}</ref> Other traditions indicate that Oti built Kwaman and it was his son [[Nana Obiri Yeboa]] who created Kumasi instead. The majority of oral sources attribute the choice of site to [[Okomfo Anokye]] who was said to have planted two Kum seeds; one in Kwaman and another in Kumawu as he decreed that the one which grew would be designated as the capital of Osei Tutu's empire.<ref>{{harvp|Pescheux, Gérard|2003|p=94}}</ref> Kumasi was built over the eastern slopes of a [[ridge]], rising from the [[marshes]] of the Nsuben rivers.<ref>{{harvp|Ivor Wilks|1989|p=375}}</ref>

=== Ashanti Empire ===
[[File:BOWDICH(1819) p364 PLATE 11 - SKETCH OF COOMASSIE.jpg|thumb|230px|left|[[Thomas Edward Bowdich|Bowdich]]'s sketch of Kumasi {{circa|1817}}<ref name="Ivor 375-6">{{harvp|Ivor Wilks|1989|p=375–377}}</ref>]]
{{historical affiliations
|{{flag|Ashanti Empire}} (1701–1901)
|{{flag|Gold Coast}} (1901–1957)
|{{flag|Ghana}} (1957–present)
}}
The city rose to prominence in 1695, when it became the capital of the [[Ashanti Empire]] due to the activities of its ruler, [[Osei Tutu]].<ref name="Kumasi summary">{{Cite web |title=Kumasi {{!}} Ghana |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kumasi |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Britannica  |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215093723/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kumasi |url-status=live }}</ref> The ruler of Kumasi, known as the [[List of rulers of Asante|Asantehene]], also served as the ruler of the empire. With their [[Battle of Feyiase|1701 victory]] over [[Denkyira]], the Ashanti empire became the primary state among the [[Ashanti people|Ashantis]].<ref>McCaskie, T. C. "Denkyira in the Making of Asante" in ''The Journal of African History'' vol. 48 (2007) no. 1, p. 1</ref> In 1718–19, [[Aowin]] King Ebirimoro invaded Kumasi and sacked the capital.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dj9RRrvYjkC&dq=Ebrimoro+invade+Kumasi&pg=PA419 |title=Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century |author=Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |page=419 |isbn=978-0-435-94811-5 |date=1992 |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074454/https://books.google.com/books?id=_dj9RRrvYjkC&dq=Ebrimoro+invade+Kumasi&pg=PA419 |url-status=live }}</ref> Asantehene [[Opoku Ware I]] was able to "beat back" this invasion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shillington |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Shillington |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&dq=battle+of+feyiase&pg=PA60 |title=Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1 |date=2005 |page=60 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318125224/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&dq=battle+of+feyiase&pg=PA60 |url-status=live }}</ref>

European sources in the late 19th century mentioned the city's neatness such as the account of F. Boyle in 1874 who stated that Kumasi's smells "are never those of sewage" as well as Brackenbury, who wrote around 1873 that "the streets are generally very broad and clean, and ornamented with many beautiful banyan-trees affording grateful shade from the powerful rays of the sun."<ref name="Maier 19th">{{cite journal |last=Maier |first=D. |title=Nineteenth-Century Asante Medical Practices |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=63–81 |year=1979 |jstor=178452 |doi=10.1017/S0010417500012652 |pmid=11614369 |s2cid=19587869}}</ref> In contrast, William Butler described the city as 'a filthier, and far more blood-stained collection of mud and wattle hovels than any other village in the forest.'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beckett |first1=Ian  |title=Wolseley and Ashanti |date=2009 |publisher=The History Press for the Army Records Society  |isbn=978-0-7524-5180-0 |page=365}}</ref> Parts of the city, including the then royal residence, were burnt by the [[British Empire|British]] in the [[Anglo-Ashanti Wars|Third Anglo-Ashanti War]] of 1874.<ref>David Owusu-Ansah, ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2014, p. xliii</ref>
[[File:Burning of Coomassie (Kumasi).png|thumb|230px|Burning of Kumasi in 1874 depicted by [[Henry Morton Stanley]]]]
In 1888, [[R. Austin Freeman]] was disappointed with the ruins of Kumasi following the [[British Empire|British]] destruction in 1874 and the Ashanti civil war before 1888.
{{Blockquote|Kumasi was a great disappointment to me, and my disappointment increased as I
walked round and examined the town. It was not merely that so little existed, but that so much had been destroyed. As it stands, or then stood, the town was nothing more than a large clearing in the forest, over which were scattered, somewhat irregularly, groups of houses. The paths were dirty and ill kept, and between the groups of houses large patches of waste ground intervened, and on these, amidst the tall, coarse grass that covered them, were to be seen the remains of houses that had once occupied them. These houses once stood in wide and regular streets, but since the destruction of the city in 1874 the natives do not seem to have had heart to rebuild them. Yet there remained some few vestiges to show what Kumasi had been in its palmy days... A few broad, well-kept streets still existed, lined by houses, [of] ... admirable construction, careful and artistic finish and excellent repair...|R. Austin Freeman.<ref name="Donkoh urban">{{cite journal |last=Joseline Donkoh |first=Wilhelmina |title=Kumasi: Ambience of Urbanity and Modernity |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |issue=8 |pages=167–183 (169) |year=2004 |jstor=41406712 |s2cid=161253857 |issn=0855-3246}}</ref>}} Kumasi's population during the time of the Ashanti Empire varied. In the early 19th century, Ashanti sources estimated a populace of 100,000 while European sources gave a figure around 12–15,000.<ref name="Donkoh urban"/> According to historian [[Ivor Wilks]], the city may have had a population of 40,000 in the 1860s.<ref name="Ivor 374">{{harvp|Ivor Wilks|1989|p=374}}</ref>

Lady Mary Alice Hodgson, the first English lady to visit Ashanti, wrote "The Siege of Kumasi", an account of the siege of the fort by the [[Nationality|nationals]] of Ashanti and of the subsequent march to the coast.<ref name="Morgan, Henry James Types"/> (She was the daughter of Hon. W. A. G. Young, C.M.G., former governor of the [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]], and the wife of Sir [[Frederick Mitchell Hodgson]], K.C.M.G., the governor of the Gold Coast in 1900.<ref name="Morgan, Henry James Types">{{cite book |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Henry James |editor-link=Henry James Morgan |title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada |location=Toronto |publisher=Williams Briggs |date=1903 |url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft |page=[https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/160 160]}}</ref>)

=== Colonial era ===
[[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-39.jpg|thumb|220px|left|{{center|Kings Way Road in Kumasi (1925)}}|alt=]]
In 1926, following the return of the Ashanti King [[Prempeh I]] after 30-year in exile in Seychelles Island, Kumasi was vested with ceremonial control over the Ashanti sub-states. The full role of king was restored by the colonial administration in 1935. The city holds an important place in the history of the Ashanti people, as legend claims that it was here Okomfo Anokye received the [[Asante royal thrones|golden stool]], an embodiment of the soul of Ashanti nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-05 |title=Kumasi |website=Ashantibiz |url=https://www.ashantibiz.com/kumasi/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Present Era ===
{{for|the modern history of Kumasi|History of Kumasi#Ghana (1957–Present)}}

== Geography ==
=== Metropolitan area ===
[[File:ISS016-E-15122 - View of Ghana.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Satellite view of [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly|Kumasi Metropolitan]] taken during [[Expedition 16|ISS Expedition 16]]]]
Kumasi is located in the [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly|Kumasi Metropolitan]], one of more than thirty districts in the Ashanti Region. It covers a land area of {{convert|214.3|sqkm|sqft|abbr=on}} and is elevated {{convert|250|to|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The metropolitan borders the [[Kwabre East Municipal District]] and [[Afigya Kwabre North District]] to the north, the [[Atwima Kwanwoma District]] and [[Atwima Nwabiagya Municipal District]] to the west, the [[Ejisu Municipal Assembly|Ejisu Municipal District]] and [[Asokore Mampong (municipal district)|Asokore Mampong Municipal District]] towards the east and the [[Bosomtwe District]] to the south.<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|1}}

=== Environmental issues ===
Due to large amounts of [[Structural encroachment|encroachment]], water pollution in the city is increasing, threatening rivers such as the Wiwi and the Subin. A 2024 report said that in the Kumasi Metropolitan, "more land alongside the rivers was being used for industrial, residential and commercial purposes than for green spaces." The researchers criticized that "city authorities were ineffective in controlling development in these areas" and recommended that "there should be a buffer of 100 feet (30 metres) along water bodies."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Takyi|first1=S.|last2=Amponsah|first2=O.|url=https://theconversation.com/ghana-kumasi-citys-unplanned-boom-is-destroying-two-rivers-sewage-heavy-metals-and-chemical-pollution-detected-220740|title=Ghana: Kumasi city's unplanned boom is destroying two rivers – sewage, heavy metals and chemical pollution detected|date=7 February 2024|publisher=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Kumasi has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''), with two distinct rainy seasons, major and minor. The major season usually occurs from March to July whilst the minor season is from September to November. The annual rainfall clocks in at around {{convert|1200|mm|ft|abbr=on}} while the relative humidity ranges around 53% to 93%. The average monthly mean temperatures are around {{convert|31|C|F}} while the monthly minimum temperatures are about {{convert|22|C|F}}.<ref name="climate data">{{cite journal|last1=Bessah|first1=E.|last2=Amponsah|first2=W.|last3=Ansah|first3=S.|last4=Afrifa|first4=A.|display-authors=3|title=Climatic zoning of Ghana using selected meteorological variables for the period 1976–2018|date=23 February 2022|journal=Meteorological Applications|at=figure 2|volume=29|issue=1|doi=10.1002/met.2049|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Kumasi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1984–2020)
| single line = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| Jan record high C = 37.5
| Feb record high C = 38.9
| Mar record high C = 38.5
| Apr record high C = 36.4
| May record high C = 35.2
| Jun record high C = 33.9
| Jul record high C = 32.5
| Aug record high C = 32.6
| Sep record high C = 33.1
| Oct record high C = 33.9
| Nov record high C = 36.0
| Dec record high C = 36.5
| year record high C = 38.9
| Jan high C = 33.2
| Feb high C = 34.5
| Mar high C = 33.9
| Apr high C = 32.8
| May high C = 32.0
| Jun high C = 30.3
| Jul high C = 28.8
| Aug high C = 28.4
| Sep high C = 29.6
| Oct high C = 31.0
| Nov high C = 32.2
| Dec high C = 32.2
| year high C = 31.6
| Jan mean C  = 27.4
| Feb mean C  = 28.8
| Mar mean C  = 28.5
| Apr mean C  = 28.0
| May mean C  = 27.5
| Jun mean C  = 26.3
| Jul mean C  = 25.3
| Aug mean C  = 24.9
| Sep mean C  = 25.8
| Oct mean C  = 26.6
| Nov mean C  = 27.4
| Dec mean C  = 27.3
| year mean C = 27.0
| Jan low C = 21.7
| Feb low C = 23.1
| Mar low C = 23.2
| Apr low C = 23.1
| May low C = 23.0
| Jun low C = 22.3
| Jul low C = 21.8
| Aug low C = 21.5
| Sep low C = 21.9
| Oct low C = 22.2
| Nov low C = 22.6
| Dec low C = 22.3
| year low C = 22.4
| Jan record low C = 11.7
| Feb record low C = 13.3
| Mar record low C = 17.8
| Apr record low C = 18.8
| May record low C = 18.8
| Jun record low C = 18.2
| Jul record low C = 17.2
| Aug record low C = 16.1
| Sep record low C = 18.3
| Oct record low C = 15.6
| Nov record low C = 13.9
| Dec record low C = 10.6
| year record low C = 10.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 24.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 49.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 109.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 163.6
| May precipitation mm = 174.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 227.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 125.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 68.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 175.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 175.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 50.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 27.6
| year precipitation mm = 1371.4
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 1.4
| Feb precipitation days = 3.7
| Mar precipitation days = 7.7
| Apr precipitation days = 9.5
| May precipitation days = 10.9
| Jun precipitation days = 12.3
| Jul precipitation days = 8.3
| Aug precipitation days = 6.9
| Sep precipitation days = 12.0
| Oct precipitation days = 13.2
| Nov precipitation days = 5.6
| Dec precipitation days = 2.2
| year precipitation days = 93.7
| Jan sun = 178.5
| Feb sun = 177.4
| Mar sun = 187.8
| Apr sun = 192.3
| May sun = 191.5
| Jun sun = 135.2
| Jul sun = 98.8
| Aug sun = 75.9
| Sep sun = 93.7
| Oct sun = 159.4
| Nov sun = 196.2
| Dec sun = 180.5
| year sun = 1867.2
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230930030609/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Ghana/CSV/Kumasi_65442.csv
| archive-date = 30 September 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Ghana/CSV/Kumasi_65442.csv
| title = Kumasi Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 30 September 2023}}</ref>
| source 2 = Sistema de Classification Bioclimática Mundial (extremes 1984–1990)<ref name=climate>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/gh-kumas.htm |title=Ghana–Kumasi |publisher=Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas |access-date=14 June 2015 |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201015118/http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/gh-kumas.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

== Cityscape ==
=== Urban planning ===
[[File:Halabi house in Kumasi - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A [[detached]] house in Kumasi]]
Historically, the city was planned based on traditional land settlement patterns and land use systems of the [[Asante Empire]]. Although the city was not 'formally' planned, it was considered to be well-organized with physical structures complying to the local culture and architecture.<ref name="kumasi overview2"/> Some areas of Kumasi were declared as sacred.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fosu|first=A.|url=https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/AJLP-GS/article/view/31547|title=Urban Planning, Institutional Pluralism, and Indigenous Belief Systems in Peri-Urban Ghana in the Era of Land Commoditisation|journal=African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences|date=2022|volume=5|issue=2|doi=10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v5i2.31547|doi-access=free|page=273|access-date=30 October 2024}}</ref> At the time of Bowdich's visit in 1817, Kumasi was documented to have contained 27 streets. Another source in the mid-1880s identified 50 streets.<ref name="Ivor 374"/> In the present time, Kumasi is described as having unregulated informal activities, overdevelopment of slums, rapid urban growth, and poor services.<ref name="kumasi overview2">{{cite journal|last1=Cobbinah|first1=P.|last2=Gaisie|first2=E.|display-authors=1|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275119317731|title=Kumasi: Towards a sustainable and resilient cityscape|journal=[[Cities (journal)|Cities]]|volume=97|date=2020|doi=10.1016/j.cities.2019.102567|access-date=22 September 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{rp|5}}

=== Housing ===
{{pie chart
|caption = [[Housing types]] occupied by households in Kumasi (2010)<ref name="kumasi overview2"/>{{rp|12}}
|thumb = left
|radius = 90
|label1 = [[Compound (enclosure)|Compound]]
|value1 = 54.9
|label2 = [[Detached]]
|value2 = 16.4
|label3 = [[Semi-detached]]
|value3 = 8.7
|label4 = [[Apartment]]
|value4 = 12.9
|other = yes
}}
[[Compound (enclosure)|Compound houses]] are the most popular style of housing in Kumasi, being able to house 8 to 15 households on average. A typical compound house is usually a one-storey building containing single rooms surrounding a square courtyard. They are usually built using low-cost construction materials and by local labour.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Asante|first1=Lewis Abedi|last2=Ehwi|first2=Richmond Juvenile|url=https://theconversation.com/ghana-has-a-housing-crisis-what-we-found-in-kumasi-and-what-needs-to-change-147801|title=Ghana has a housing crisis: what we found in Kumasi, and what needs to change|date=29 October 2020|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> A 1996 study found that approximately 20% of home owners actually own their homes and more than 60% are migrants, either foreign or from other parts of Ghana.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sinai|first=I.|title=Using the home for income-generation: The case of Kumasi, Ghana|journal=[[Cities (journal)|Cities]]|volume=15|issue=6|date=1998|doi=10.1016/S0264-2751(98)00037-7|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Aside from compounds, non-compound housing tends to be in the form of either [[bungalow]]s or two-storey buildings set in substantially spacious plots or of apartment buildings. Additionally, there is also a small government sector of relatively small, single household dwellings. These non-compound types only constitute around 43% of houses. In 1986, only 12% of households (close to all of which were in non-compound housing) had toilets which was not shared with other households and 30% had no access to a toilet in the house. Owners have tended to have much better access to services that other tenure groups, where 46% have exclusive use of a toilet while only 14% has none.<ref name="Kumasi housing2">{{cite journal|last1=Tipple|first1=G.|last2=Korboe|first2=D.|last3=Garrod|first3=G.|last4=Willis|first4=K.|title=Housing supply in Ghana: a study of Accra, Kumasi and Berekum|journal=Progress in Planning|volume=51|issue=4|date=May 1999|at=sec. 1.1.2|doi=10.1016/S0305-9006(99)00002-1}}</ref>

== Government ==
Although Kumasi does not have a mayor on its own, the metropolitan it is located in and administrated by has a [[Mayor–council government|mayor–council form of government]]. The mayor (executive chief) is appointed [[president of Ghana]] and approved by the city council, the [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/10487.pdf|title=A Guide to District Assemblies in Ghana|publisher=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Ghana|pages=37, 38|date=2010|isbn=978-9988-572-13-6|access-date=23 August 2024}}</ref> As of 2021, the current mayor of the metropolitan is [[Samuel Pyne]].<ref name="kumasi mayor">{{cite news|last=Arhinful|first=E.|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/09/akufo-addo-nominates-npps-ashanti-regional-secretary-sam-pyne-as-kumasi-mayor/|title=Akufo-Addo nominates NPP's Ashanti Regional Secretary, Sam Pyne as Kumasi Mayor|date=19 September 2021|publisher=Citi Newsroom|access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Sub-Metros ===
The metro is split up into 10 sub-metropolitan areas: Manhyia, [[Tafo]], [[Sumae, Kumasi|Suame]], [[Asokwa]], [[Oforikrom]], [[Asawasee, Kumasi|Asawase]], [[Bantama]], [[Kwadaso]], [[Nhyiaeso, Kumasi|Nhyiaeso]] and [[Subin, Kumasi|Subin]]. The metro is also split up into 5 health districts: Asokwa, Subin, Bantama, Manhyia North and Manhyia South.<ref name="sub-metros">{{cite web|url=http://mci.ei.columbia.edu/millennium-cities/kumasi-ghana/kumasi-maps-and-population-data/|title=Kumasi Maps|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621222002/http://mci.ei.columbia.edu/millennium-cities/kumasi-ghana/kumasi-maps-and-population-data/|archive-date=21 June 2019|access-date=27 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{historical population
|source = Ghana Statistical Service.{{efn|'''Sources''': 2000 census,<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/catalog/3|title="Population of Regions and Districts Report (2000)|publisher=Ghana Statistical Service|volume=1|page=126|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> 2010 census,<ref name="2010 housing census">{{cite report|url=https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/storage/img/marqueeupdater/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|title=Population of Regions and Districts Report (2010)|publisher=Ghana Statistical Service|page=107|access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref> 2021 estimate<ref name="2021 census estimate"/>}}
|1970|346,336
|1984|496,628
|2000|1,170,270
|2010|2,035,064
|2021|3,490,030*
|footnote = *estimate<br />Note: This does not count for the city of Kumasi, rather the metropolitan as a whole. 
}}
The population of the city of Kumasi is 443,981 people while the population of the metropolitan area is 3,490,030 people.<ref name="2021 population census"/><ref name="2021 census estimate"/> One out of every five people in Kumasi are Christian, followed by Islam and [[Traditional African religions#West Africa|traditional African religions]]. The largest ethnic group in the city is the [[Ashanti people|Asante]], followed by the [[Mole-Dagbon people|Mole-Dagbon]] and [[Ewe people|Ewe]] people. Most of the population was born outside of the municipality, with about half being born outside the region.<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|36,5,28}}

== Culture ==
{{hatnote|This section is about modern Ashanti culture. For information on pre-colonial Ashanti culture, see [[Culture of the Ashanti Empire]].}}
{{see also|Asante people#Culture and traditions}}
[[File:Otumfuo Osei Tutu II 20th anniversary celebration 3.jpg|thumb|230px|left|[[Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II|Otumfuo Osei Tutu II]] 20th anniversary celebration]]
Kumasi is the centre of [[Ashanti people|Asante]] culture, helping it to be nicknamed "Osei-Krom" or simply "Oseikrom". Kumasi is also known for its traditional [[textile]], [[kente]], usually always made using traditional practices. It is home to the largest market in West Africa, the [[Kejetia Market]], home to over 10,000 stores and stalls.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shaikh|first=F.|url=https://ghana.uoregon.edu/2024/08/05/akoma-embracing-the-symbol-of-love-in-kumasi/|title=Akoma: Embracing the Symbol of Love in Kumasi|publisher=[[University of Oregon]]|date=5 August 2024|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref> Places with cultural background(s) in the city include [[Fort kumasi|Fort Kumasi]] (built by in 1896 to replace an Asante fort and now a museum) and the [[Nurom Hat Museum]]. Royal Asante attractions include the [[Centre for National Culture (Kumasi)|Centre for National Culture]] (including the [[Prempeh II Jubilee Museum]] with Asante [[regalia]] with a reproduction of the golden stool), the [[Okomfo Anokye]] [[Akrafena|Sword]], the [[Asantehene]]'s Palace (built in 1972), and the Manhyia Palace, dating from 1925, now a museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumasi Fort and Military Museum |url=https://www.ghanamuseums.org/kumasi-fort-millitary-museum.php |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Ghana Museums & Monuments Board |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525015404/https://www.ghanamuseums.org/kumasi-fort-millitary-museum.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Kuamsi summary3"/>

=== Media ===
Media in Kumasi is regulated by the Public Relations Unit of the Kumasi Metropolitan. In total, there are 36 media outlets in the metro, of this are 4 television organizations, 20 FM stations, and 13 print media organizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kma.gov.gh/kma/?public-relations-unit&page=5319|title=Public Relations Unit|publisher=Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212211852/http://kma.gov.gh/kma/?public-relations-unit&page=5319|archive-date=12 February 2024|access-date=27 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Film ====
{{further|Cinema of Ghana}}
Film in Kumasi, [[Kumawood]], is a rapidly growing industry appealing to those who lack access to education but have a passion for acting. The industry mainly focuses on local storylines, along with being set in village surroundings usually on a low budget ranging from $6,860 to $11,440, sharing similarities with [[Wakaliwood]]. The films are spoken in the local language, which is [[Twi]].<ref name="film in kumasi2">{{cite news|last=Hayden|first=S.|author-link=Sally Hayden|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/world/africa/2022/07/11/ghanas-shoestring-film-industry-struggles-in-a-post-covid-post-dvd-world/|title=Ghana's shoestring film industry struggles in a post-Covid, post-DVD world|publisher=[[The Irish Times]]|date=18 July 2022|access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="film in kumasi3">{{cite news|last=Knott|first=S.|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/hooray-kumawood-ghanas-fastest-filmmakers-030311503.html?guccounter=1|title=Hooray for... Kumawood! Ghana's fastest filmmakers|publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]]|date=7 June 2017|access-date=27 September 2024|via=[[Yahoo News]]}}</ref>

The first documented [[movie theatre]] to open in Kumasi was the Rex cinema, constructed in 1938. It was located at the Prempeh Assembly Hall, which was at the time one of the largest gathering places in the city. A second one was built in 1951, housed about 1,500 seats. These theatres were owned by the West African Picture Company, a Lebanese-owned business which operated in the Gold Coast, [[Nigeria]], and London. [[Hindi films]] were popular among residents, more notably the Muslim populations.<ref name="film in Kumasi">{{cite web|last=McFeely|first=G.|url=https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/15684|title="Gone Are The Days": a social and business history of cinema-going in Gold Coast/Ghana, 1910-1982|date=2015|publisher=[[Boston University]]|hdl=2144/15684|pages=35,270|access-date=26 September 2024}}</ref>

==== Virtual stations ====
The following is a selected list of radio stations and TV stations in Kumasi:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nca.org.gh/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/LIST-OF-AUTHORISED-TV-STATIONS_Q2-20192711.pdf|title=List of authorised tv broadcasting stations in ghana|publisher=[[National Communications Authority]]|date=2019|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Implement Asamang-Tamfoe community mining plan — Youth group |url=https://joynewsplus.com/implement-asamang-tamfoe-community-mining-plan-youth-group/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Joynewsplus.com |language=en-US |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208153135/https://joynewsplus.com/implement-asamang-tamfoe-community-mining-plan-youth-group/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ndetei|first=Chris|date=2018-07-19|title=List of radio stations in Kumasi|url=https://yen.com.gh/112746-list-radio-stations-kumasi.html|access-date=2023-09-14|website=yen.com.gh|language=en}}</ref>
;AM
{{small|Note: The numbers in front of the tv station indicates the [[logical channel number|logical channel number (LCN)]]}}
* 29 Angel TV Kumasi (Angel Broadcasting Services Limited)
* 23 Light TV [[Santasi, Kumasi|Santasi]] (Smart Multimedia)
* 44 Royal TV Kumasi (Royal Image Broadcasting Limited)
;FM
* Adehye FM
* [[Nhyira FM]]
* Kessben FM
* [[Luv FM]]
* Metro FM
* OTEC FM 
* Angel FM

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of Ashanti}}
[[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-46-55-1-001.jpg|thumb|right|230px|A meeting of the Management Committee of the Kumasi Co-operative Union related to [[cocoa bean|cacao]]]]
The Ashanti Region accounted for 21% of total national output of Ghana in 2014, of which 48% was situated in the city of Kumasi alone. This makes the city an economic centre in the country.<ref name="kumasi overview2"/>{{rp|9}} Much of the city's wealth is derived from being the middle point of many of Ghana's main roads, along with [[Cocoa bean|cacao]] farming in the [[hinterland]]. The main occupations in Kumasi are professional, such as [[Service (economics)|services]] and manufacturing.<ref name="Kumasi summary"/>

=== Manufacturing ===
Since the 1960s the city has been home to many businesses, big and small, contributing to the city's economic growth. In fact, two-thirds of all non-household businesses in Ashanti was in Kumasi. Kaase and [[Suame Magazine, Kumasi|Suame]] are known as heavily industrialized areas, being the home for many mechanic shops and businesses, such as [[Guinness Ghana Breweries]] and a [[Coca-Cola Bottling Company United]] branch.<ref name="kumasi overview2"/>{{rp|9|at=para. 2,3}}

=== Energy ===
Nine out of every ten households are connected to the national
electricity grid. [[Solar panel]]s are prevalent in Kumasi and throughout the Ashanti region. [[Solar energy]] technology is a major energy source and contributor to [[electricity generation]] in the city. Other popular forms of power include [[flashlight]]s, candles, [[gas lamp]]s, and [[kerosene lamp]]s.<ref name="kumasi overview2"/>{{rp|12,13}}<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|63,74}}

=== Commerce ===
Much of the shopping and trading activity in the city takes place at Kumasi's shopping streets, in and around [[Kejetia, Kumasi, Ghana|Kejetia Market]] and [[Adum]]. These two areas border each other. There is also heavy economic activities at [[Bantama]] and [[Asafo Kumasi|Asafo]]. Asafo in particular is the printing hub of Kumasi. Most of the printing done in Kumasi and Ashanti Region as a whole is done at Asafo. Kumasi's [[Ahwiaa]] (a sub-town in Kumasi) is also well noted for its [[wood carving]]s and arts.<ref name="kumasi overview2"/>{{rp|9|at=para. 3}}

==== Street hawking ====
[[Street hawking]] is a popular and ever-increasing economic employer in Kumasi, with a 2013 report finding that it appealed to people who lack formal education or the proper financial status to go into other economic activities. Common things that traders sell include water, bread, chocolate, [[plantain chip]]s, [[chewing gum]], books,[[Puppy|puppies]] and many more.<ref name="street hawking1">{{cite journal|title=Women making ends meet: street hawking in Kumasi, challenges and constraints|journal=Michigan Sociological Review|date=2013|volume=27|pages=7, 13|jstor=43150987 |last1=Akuoko |first1=Kofi Osei |last2=Ofori-Dua |first2=Kwadwo |last3=Forkuo |first3=John Boulard }}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
=== Education ===
[[File:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG|thumb|220px|right|[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]]]
There are a total of 2545 educational institutions in Kumasi, consisting of 919 pre-schools, 967 primary schools, 597 junior high schools, 52 senior high schools and 10 tertiary (post-secondary education) institutions as of the 2010 census.<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|6}}

==== History ====
After Ghana's got its independence in 1957, education surrounding teaching and research in Kumasi improved as a result of the nation's visions for the future. When the [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] first opened as the College of Technology in Kumasi in 1952, it did not comprise with a school of architecture. The initial idea to create a school of architecture came from the United Nations-related "Report on Housing in the Gold Coast."<ref name="education history">{{cite magazine|last=Stanek|first=L.|url=https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/post-colonial-education-in-kumasi|title=Post-colonial education in Kumasi|date=20 September 2022|magazine=[[The Architectural Review]]|accessdate=12 January 2025}}</ref>

Advice was given by Robert Gardner-Medwin, professor of architecture at the [[University of Liverpool]] and Louis Matheson, professor of engineering at the [[University of Manchester]] to put in place two-year common course for all three departments of the envisioned faculty: Architecture, Building Technology, and Planning. Following their advice, the Department of Architecture in Kumasi admitted its first students in 1958. KNUST transitioned from a college to a university in 1961. Notable educators in Kumasi included [[John Owusu Addo]] and Austin Tetteh, both are architects.<ref name="education history"/>

==== Secondary education ====
{{see also|List of senior secondary schools in Ashanti Region|l1=List of senior secondary schools in Ashanti}}
There are elite all-boys and all-girls senior high schools such as [[Prempeh College]], [[Kumasi High School]], T I Ahmadiyya School, [[Opoku Ware School]], [[Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School]],[[Osei Tutu Senior High School]] and [[St. Louis Senior High School (Ghana)|St. Louis Senior High School]] in Kumasi. There are also many elite mixed senior high schools such as [[Kumasi Academy]] and [[Anglican Senior High School, Kumasi|Anglican Senior High School]], and a host of other public secondary schools, as well as their private counterparts in the city.<ref name="list of schools in Kumasi">The following is a list of high schools and tertiary institutions in Ghana: {{cite web|url=https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf|title=Senior high and technical vocational schools|publisher=Ghana Education Service|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>

==== Tertiary institutions ====
The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (formerly the Kumasi College of Technology) is the biggest university in the Ashanti Region and the first biggest in Ghana followed by the [[University of Ghana]]. Former [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]], [[Kofi Annan]] attended this institution.<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|6}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|title=The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=15 May 2011|access-date=8 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519002514/http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/specials/mit150/mitlist/?page=full|archive-date=19 May 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> A number of other public and private universities and tertiary institutions have since been founded in Kumasi, some of which are listed below.<ref name="list of schools in Kumasi"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Institution
!Location
!Private/Public
!Affiliation
|-
|[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)
|[[Bomso]] to [[Anwomaso]]
|Public
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Wesley College of Education, Kumasi|Wesley College of Education]]
|[[Tafo]]
|Public
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[St. Louis College of Education]]
|Mmrom
|Public
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Garden City University College]]
|Kenyase
|Private
|{{abbr|KNUST|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology}}
|-
|[[Christian Service University College]]
|[[Santasi, Kumasi|Santasi]]
|Private
|[[University of Ghana]]
|-
|[[Ghana Baptist University College]]
|[[Amakom]]
|Private
|[[University of Cape Coast]]
|-
|[[Valley View University]] (Kumasi Campus)
|[[Oduom]]
|Private
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[University College of Management Studies]] (Kumasi Campus)
|Ayeduase
|Private
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Christ Apostolic University College]]
|[[Kwadaso]]
|Private
|{{n/a}}
|-UCC and KNUST
|[[Kessben University]] (Kumasi Campus)
|[[Asafo Kumasi|Asafo]]
|Private
|[[Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development]] (est. 2020)<br />{{small|''Formerly: [[University of Education, Winneba]] (Kumasi Campus), [[Tanoso]]''}}
|}

=== Sports ===
[[File:Kumasi900.JPG|thumb|220px|right|[[Kumasi Sports Stadium]]]]
The local [[Association football|football]] team, the [[Asante Kotoko]], has won several national and continental trophies and awards, and serves as a rival to the Accra-based [[Accra Hearts of Oak SC|Hearts of Oak]]. Their [[Kumasi Sports Stadium]], also known as [[Kumasi Sports Stadium|Baba Yara Stadium]], was built in 1959, renovated in 1978, and again in 2007 with a seating capacity of 40,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amoah |first=G.|date=27 June 2007 |title=Baba Yara stadium ready in October |url=http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=3938&section=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928071827/http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=3938&section=3 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=thestatesmanonline.com}}</ref> The city is also the home of the [[King Faisal Babes F.C.|King Faisal Football Club]], a premier division side. There is the Royal Golf Club which has the [[List of rulers of Asante|Asantehene]] as president. Former [[Leeds United]] and [[Ghana national football team]] footballer [[Tony Yeboah]] and professional wrestler [[Kofi Kingston]] were born in Kumasi, by the real name Kofi Sarkodie-Mensah. The parents of Israeli Olympic sprinter, and 2022 World U20 Champion, [[Blessing Afrifah]] are from Kumasi.<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news |language=he |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/sport/other/2022-07-28/ty-article-magazine/00000182-4088-d9f7-a9e6-d0bbd7770000 |title=הוא שובר שוב ושוב את שיאי ישראל, אך עדיין חולם על אזרחות למשפחתו |trans-title=He repeatedly breaks Israel's records, but still dreams of citizenship for his family |last=Rakovsky |first=Ido |date=28 July 2022 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=16 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="JP">{{cite news |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/sports/article-714561 |title=Afrifah a true blessing for Israeli sprinting |last=Halickman |first=Joshua |date=12 August 2022 |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |access-date=16 July 2023}}</ref>

=== Healthcare ===
{{see also|List of hospitals in Ashanti}}
{{further|Healthcare in Ghana}}
[[File:Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg|thumb|220px|right|[[Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital]]]]
The city is home to 136 health facilities, most of which are privately owned.<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|6}} The biggest hospital in Kumasi is the [[Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital]], which is located on a hill that overlooks the city. It is a 750-bed facility and is the second largest hospital in the country. The hospital opened in 1954 and was initially named Kumasi Central hospital. Nurses Training College and the Midwifery Training School, both built around the 40s and 50s, became a part of the hospital upon its completion, eventually becoming the [[Kumasi Nurses and Midwifery Training School]].<ref name="kumasi healthcare">{{cite web|last1=Govindaraj|first1=R.|last2=Obuobi|first2=A.|last3=Enyimayew|first3=N.|last4=Antwi|first4=P.|last5=Ofosu-Amaah|first5=S.|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1989/2020/04/No-41.pdf|title=Hospital Autonomy in Ghana: The Experience of Korle Bu and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospitals|publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]]|date=1996|page=27|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref> The city is also home to a hospital, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, which started construction in 2008 and was completed in 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gna.org.gh/2023/06/knust-vice-chancellor-inaugurates-teaching-hospital-project-implementation-committee/|title=KNUST Vice-Chancellor inaugurates Teaching Hospital Project Implementation Committee|publisher=Ghana News Agency|date=25 June 2023|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Places of worship ===
[[File:St Peter's Cathedral Basilica Kumasi (4).jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[St Peter's Cathedral Basilica, Kumasi]]]]
The majority of the [[places of worship]] in Kumasi are [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples. Places of worship in the city are as follow: [[Methodist Church]], [[Presbyterian Church of Ghana]], [[Church of the Province of West Africa]] ([[Anglican Communion]]), [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana]] ([[World Communion of Reformed Churches]]), [[Christ Apostolic Church International]] (which was the first Pentecostal church in Ghana) [[Ghana Baptist Convention]] ([[Baptist World Alliance]]), [[Lighthouse Chapel International]], [[Church of Pentecost]], [[Assemblies of God]], and [[Catholic Church]] [[Archdiocese of Kumasi]] ([[Catholic Church]]).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Melton|first1=J.|last2=Baumann|first2=M.|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|date=2010|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3}}</ref> There are also [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques which include: [[Kumasi Central Mosque]], Ahmadiyya mosque, Alhaj mosque, Kaase-Nhyiaeso mosque and Rahman mosque.<ref>{{Citation |last= William A. Shack, Elliott P. Skinner|year=1979|title= Strangers in African Societies |page=186 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-03812-7}}</ref>

=== Recreational parks and gardens ===
Kumasi is one of the few African cities to adopt the Howard's [[Garden city movement|Garden City Model]]. This is because in 1945, [[Maxwell Fry]] and [[Jane Drew]] designed the city's first ever development plan based on the ideals of Howard. The plan in questioned focus on the creation of green belts around the city and the proposals of the developments of many parks and urban green spaces in order to stop excessive sprawling and lower air pollutants.<ref name="History of Kumasi parks">{{cite journal|last1=Narh|first1=S.|last2=Takyi|first2=S.|last3=Asibey|first3=M.|last4=Amponsah|first4=O.|title=Garden city without parks: an assessment of the availability and conditions of parks in Kumasi|journal=[[Urban Forestry and Urban Greening]]|volume=55|date=21 August 2020|doi=10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126819}}</ref>{{rp|pp=1, 2}} Although, studies showed that by 2003, a great proportion of greens spaces created in Kumasi has been converted to residential uses, due to urbanization and relatively weak land control in the city.<ref name="History of Kumasi parks"/>{{rp|p=3}}

The city is also home to numerous recreational parks and gardens which are open to the public, with the per capita green spaces around {{convert|4.7|sqm|sqft}}.<ref name="Kumasi parks">{{cite journal|url=https://www.jurareview.ro/resources/pdf/volume_18__the_state_of_green_spaces_in_kumasi_city_%28ghana%29:_lessons_for_other_african_cities_abstract.pdf|title=The state of green spaces in Kumasi City (Ghana): lessons for other African cities|journal=Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis|date=2016|volume=8|issue=2|publisher=[[Bucharest University Press]]|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>{{rp|7}} Some major parks are Abbey's Park, Jackson's Park, Hero's Park, located on the same premises as the [[Kumasi Sports Stadium|Baba Yara Sports Stadium]], and [[Rattray Park]]. Although, the state of most of these parks are poor at best and are barely maintained.<ref name="Kumasi parks"/>{{rp|8}} The city is also home to the [[Kumasi Zoo]], also known as the Kumasi Zoological Garden, located at the heart of the city. It is operated by the Wildlife Division of the [[Forestry Commission (Ghana)|Forestry Commission]] of Ghana. The conditions of the zoo's facilities are poor and are in despair need for repair, according to locals.<ref name="Kumasi parks"/>{{rp|10,13,12}}

An interesting fact about recreational parks in Kumasi is that a 2014 study by B.B. Amasa found that about 34% of the city's residents does not visit parks at all and does not understand the importance of parks. Furthermore, an additional study from 2014 by the same researcher found that 39% of its residents believed that parks were not necessary and should therefore be converted to other uses.<ref name="History of Kumasi parks"/>{{rp|p=10}}

== Transportation ==
=== Air ===
[[File:Kumasi international airport.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Prempeh I International Airport]]]]
Kumasi is served by the [[Prempeh I International Airport]]. As of May 2020, two airlines offered regularly scheduled flights to [[Kotoka International Airport|Accra]]. Airlines servicing the airport included [[Africa World Airlines]] and [[Passion Air]]. In 2013, the Government of Ghana approved expansion plans to the Kumasi Airport to service international flights into the region. The airport was renovated and completed by October 2022.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=New terminal for Kumasi International Airport to be ready in October 2022 |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general/new-terminal-for-kumasi-international-airport-to-be-ready-in-october-2022-2/2021/ |access-date=1 January 2022 |publisher=[[Ghana Broadcasting Corporation]] |archive-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101183257/https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general/new-terminal-for-kumasi-international-airport-to-be-ready-in-october-2022-2/2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Road ===
==== Interchanges ====
The city is home to the [[Asokwa Interchange]], an project which was a part of the Urban Environmental Sanitation Project Phase II.{{efn|The Second Urban Environmental Sanitation Project is one of two projects in Ghana which started in 2004, closely connected to the [[World Bank]]'s agenda to addressed needs of upgrading infrastructure and services in “[[developing countries]]”.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/982441467992820204/pdf/105746-PPAR-SecM2016-0170-Box394889B-OUO-9.pdf|title=Ghana – Second Urban Environmental Sanitation and Second Phase of Small Towns Water and Sanitation Projects|lang=English|publisher=[[World Bank]]|location=Ghana|page=ix|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210111109/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/982441467992820204/pdf/105746-PPAR-SecM2016-0170-Box394889B-OUO-9.pdf|archive-date=10 February 2023|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>}} The by-pass is one of [[List of road interchanges in Ghana|three interchanges]] in Kumasi.<ref name="transportation in kumasi">{{cite journal|last1=Poku-Boansi|first1=M.|last2=Bosu|first2=P.|last3=Amoako|first3=C.|last4=Asibey|first4=M.|last5=Adom-Asamoah|first5=G.|display-authors=3|title=Transport investments and the changing space economy in Kumasi, Ghana|journal=Case Studies on Transport Policy|date=2024|volume=5|page=3|doi=10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101162|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2021, the Government of Ghana announced the construction of a [[Stack interchange#Four-level stack|four level stack interchange]] in [[Suame Magazine, Kumasi|Suame]]. It is currently on its first phase, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2024.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ola-Morris|first=J.|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/5-interchanges-to-be-constructed-in-greater-kumasi-metro-area-ken-ofori-atta/|title=5 interchanges to be constructed in Greater Kumasi Metro Area – Ken Ofori-Atta|website=myjoyonline.com|date=17 November 2021|access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://gna.org.gh/2024/07/president-akufo-addo-inspects-suame-interchange-project/|title=President Akufo-Addo inspects Suame Interchange Project|publisher=Ghana News Agency|date=15 July 2024|access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>

==== Bus and taxicab ====
[[File:WLA27.jpg|thumb|left|170px|A [[tro-tro]] cruising on a road in Kumasi]]
There is public transportation from Kumasi to major cities such as [[Accra]]; [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], [[Mim, Ahafo]]; [[Cape Coast]], [[Sunyani]]; [[Takoradi]]; [[Tema]]; [[Ho, Ghana|Ho]]; [[Wa, Ghana|Wa]]; [[Bolgatanga]]; [[Elubo]]; [[Aflao]], [[Techiman]].
Public transport in the city is provided by [[transit bus]]es, a mix of privately owned mini-buses known as ''[[tro-tro]]s'', [[taxicab]]s and buses. Tro-tros are usually converted mini-buses that run regular, well-known routes. Some taxis also run regular routes, which cost more but provide for a more comfortable ride.<ref name="2010 census"/>{{rp|6}}

In 2002, the city introduced the [[Transit bus|metro bus services]], a rapid transit system for public road transport in Kumasi ([[Metro mass Transit L.T.D|MetroMass]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashanti Region |url=http://metromass.com/ashanti.htm |publisher=Metro Mass Transit Ltd |access-date=1 December 2011 |archive-date=10 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110073712/http://metromass.com/ashanti.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> This was to reduce congestion on roads and to make a larger and more organized bus routine system in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bus Rapid Transit System |url=http://metromass.com/transit_system.htm |publisher=Metro Mass Transit Ltd |access-date=1 December 2011 |archive-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220015322/http://metromass.com/transit_system.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, [[Uber]] introduced services in Kumasi, a year after a successful introduction in Accra.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2018/May-4th/we-will-not-adjust-25-service-fee-uber.php|title=We will not adjust 25% service fee – Uber|date=4 May 2018|website=myjoyonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504193417/https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2018/May-4th/we-will-not-adjust-25-service-fee-uber.php|archive-date=4 May 2018|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Rail ===
[[File:Railway Station Kumasi 2005.jpg|thumb|220px|View of the Kumasi railway station in 2005]]
Kumasi is served by the railway lines to [[Sekondi-Takoradi]] and Accra. The train service has been suspended for several years because of damaged track, bridges and locomotives. Currently, no trains run to and from Kumasi due to the collapse of the railway corporation. A $6 billion project to upgrade the railways was due to get underway in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana, China signs railway contract |url=http://www.ghananewslink.com/index.php?id=10515 |publisher=Ghana News Link |access-date=1 December 2011 |date=30 November 2010 |archive-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162453/http://www.ghananewslink.com/index.php?id=10515 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Port ===
Kumasi is located near the [[Boankra Inland Port]], an [[inland port]] situated in the [[Ejisu Municipal Assembly|Ejisu Municipality]]. Construction at the port is situated into two phases, with phase one scheduled to be completed by the end of 2024. Once finish, over 7,000 people are expected to be employed at the port, boosting overall productivity of the local economy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bampoe|first=D.|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/boankra-inland-port-project-progresses/|title=Boankra Inland Port Project Progresses|publisher=Daily Guide Network|date=7 August 2024|access-date=30 October 2024}}</ref>

== International relations ==
=== Twin towns &ndash; sister cities ===
{{see also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa#Ghana}}
The following is a list of settlements Kumasi is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Abidjan]]/[[Treichville]], Ivory Coast (2004)<ref>{{cite news|last=Owusu-Mensah|first=K|date=18 June 2004|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/57269/1/ivorians-commend-president-kufuor-and-ghanaians.html|title=Ivorians commend President Kufuor and Ghanaians|publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]]|via=Modern Ghana|access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
* [[Atlanta]], United States (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.georgia.org/sister-cities-international-alliances|title=Sister Cities International Alliances|publisher=Georgia Department of Economic Development|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref>
* [[Almere]], Netherlands (2001)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gfmd.org/pfp/ppd/migration-trade-and-investments?page=7|title=Migration, Trade and Investments|publisher=Global Forum on Migration and Development|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref>
* [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], United States (1996)<ref>{{cite web|title=International Relations|url=https://charlottenc.gov/international-relations/intlgovtrelations/Pages/Sister-Cities.aspx|publisher=City of Charlotte|access-date=2021-05-07}}</ref>
* [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], United States (2008)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelantern.com/2008/04/columbus-adds-three-new-sister-cities/|title=Colombus adds three new sister cities|publisher=The Lantern|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref>
* [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], United States (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=K'si, Newark Establish Sister-City Relations|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/675723/ksi-newark-establish-sister-city-relations.html|publisher=Modern Ghana|date=2016-02-18|access-date=2021-05-07}}</ref>
* [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]], United States (2001)<ref name=winstonsalem>{{cite web |title=Kumasi, Ghana|url=http://winstonsalemsistercities.org/kumasi/|publisher=Winston-Salem Sister Cities|access-date=2021-05-07}}</ref>
* [[Wenzhou]], China (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=African city partners with China's Wenzhou city for better development|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2016-06/21/content_25785895.htm|publisher=China Daily|date=2016-06-21|access-date=2021-05-07}}</ref>}}

== Notable people ==
{{main|Category:People from Kumasi|l1=List of people from Kumasi}}
<!--If you are going to add items to this list, make sure to include a reference per WP:RELIABILITY-->
* [[Amerado]], musician<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/ghanaian-artist-uses-failed-football-aspiration-to-power-his-way-into-music/7736797.html|title=Ghanaian artist uses failed football aspiration to power his way into music|date=2024-08-10 |language=en|access-date=17 September 2024|type=interview|via=voaafrica.com}}</ref>
* [[Kofi Annan]], United Nations secretary-general (1997–2006) and co-recipient of the [[2001 Nobel Peace Prize]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-19 |title=Biography |url=https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/kofi-annan/biography/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |publisher=Kofi Annan Foundation |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Chloe Asaam]], fashion designer and textile waste advocate<ref>{{Cite web |last=caccese |first=sirian |date=2021-04-14 |title=Emerging designer dal Ghana: Chloe Asaam |url=https://www.thefashionatlas.com/en/atlas_en/fashion-from-ghana-interview-with-chloe-asaam.php |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=The Fashion Atlas |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Kofi Kingston]], Ghanaian-American professional wrestler, currently signed to WWE, born in Kumasi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nola.com/festivals/2014/02/wwe_superstar_kofi_kingston_sp.html|title=WWE superstar Kofi Kingston spent part of his youth in New Orleans|work=[[The Times-Picayune]]|first=Gene|last=Guillot|date=February 6, 2014|access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
* [[Shak Mohammed]], footballer<ref>{{cite web |last=Sigal |first=Jonathan |title=Recruiting: Millbrook star Shakur Mohammed verbally commits to Duke |url=https://www.nesoccerjournal.com/recruiting-millbrook-star-shakur-mohammed-verbally-commits-to-duke/|website=New England Soccer Journal|date=30 July 2020|access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
* [[Mohammed Muntari]], footballer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/artikel.php?ID=340205|title=Ghana loses hugely talented striker Mohammed Muntari to Qatar|publisher=ghanaweb.com|date=23 December 2014|access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>
* [[Mohammed Salisu]], footballer<ref>{{Cite news|last=Afadzinu|first=Nene|date=11 August 2020|title=Mohammed Salisu: Ghana's next defensive stalwart?|url=https://3news.com/mohammed-salisu-ghanas-next-defensive-stalwart/|access-date=17 September 2024|website=3news.com}}</ref>
* [[Philomena Nyarko]], statistician<ref>{{cite news |title=Mrs Philomina Nyarko, wife of another prominent personality goes missing in Kumasi |url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/mrs-philomina-nyarko-wife-of-another-prominent-personality-goes-missing-in-kumasi/?expand_article=1 |access-date=15 July 2023 |work=MyNewsGh |date=24 November 2021}}</ref>
* [[Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II]], monarch, current [[List of rulers of Asante|Asantehene of Asante]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Asantehene, his wife and children|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Asantehene-his-wife-and-children-740139|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422144741/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Asantehene-his-wife-and-children-740139|archive-date=2019-04-22|access-date=17 September 2024|website=ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kwame Baah (music manager)|Kwame Baah]], music manager<ref>{{Cite news|last=Asare|first=S.|date=2023-05-11|title=Kwame Baah: The young music entrepreneur making great strides with innovative platforms|url=https://gna.org.gh/2023/05/kwame-baah-the-young-music-entrepreneur-making-great-strides-with-innovative-platforms/|access-date=17 September 2024|publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of cities in Ghana]]
* [[Adabraka (Kumasi)]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Pescheux, Gérard |title=Le royaume asante (Ghana): parenté, pouvoir, histoire, XVIIe-XXe siècles |publisher=KARTHALA Editions |location=Paris |year=2003 |page=582 |isbn=2-84586-422-1|language=french}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSs4AAAAIAAJ |title=Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order |author=Ivor Wilks |author-link=Ivor Wilks |publisher=CUP Archive |via=Books.google.com |access-date=2020-12-29 |isbn=978-0-521-37994-6 |date=1989}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{main|History of Kumasi#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Kumasi}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.kma.gov.gh Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501230926/http://kma.gov.gh/ |date=1 May 2013 }}
* {{EB1911|noprescript=1|wstitle=Kumasi}}

{{geographic location
|Centre = Kumasi
|E = [[Ejisu]]
|N = [[Kodie, Ghana|Kodie]]
|NE = [[Aboaso]]
|NW = [[Barekese]]
|W = [[Afari, Ghana|Afari]]
|SW = [[Twedie]]
|S = [[Afrancho]]
|SE = [[Kuntanase]]
}}
{{GhanaLargestCities|state=collapsed}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Links to related articles
|list = 
{{Kumasi topics}}
{{Akan topics}}
{{Districts of the Ashanti Region}}
}}
{{portal bar|Cities|Africa|Geography}}
{{Subject bar|book=yes|commons=yes|wikt=yes|s=yes|v=yes|voy=yes|d=yes}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kumasi]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Ashanti Region]]
[[Category:Regional capitals in Ghana]]
[[Category:Ashanti Empire]]
[[Category:Capitals of former nations]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1680]]
[[Category:1680 establishments in Africa]]