View source for Kramatorsk

{{short description|City in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{other uses|Kramatorsk (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Kramatorsk
| native_name        = {{lang|uk|Краматорськ}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage|position=center
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 | photo2b = ВСП "Краматорський фаховий коледж промисловості, інформаційних технологій та бізнесу ДДМА".jpg
 | photo3a = Краматорск, центральная библиотека.jpg 
 | photo3b = Краматорск, мемориал Славы 01.jpg 
 | size = 270
 | spacing = 2
 | color = #FFFFFF
 | border = 0
}}
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag of Kramatorsk.svg
| image_shield       = Coat of arms Kramatorsk.svg
| shield_size        = 125px
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Donetsk Oblast#Ukraine
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Kramatorsk on the map of Donetsk Oblast
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Ukraine}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Donetsk Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Kramatorsk Raion]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Kramatorsk urban hromada]]
| leader_title       = Head
| leader_name        = [[Oleksandr Honcharenko]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1868
| established_title2 = City status since
| established_date2  = 1932
| area_total_km2     = 117.1
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref>[https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_Сhuselnist.pdf Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022] (''tr. "Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022"'') ''ukrstat.gov.ua''</ref>
| population_total   = 147145
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone           = EET
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = EEST
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|44|21|N|37|35|02|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 84300-84390
| area_code          = +380 626(4)
| website            = {{URL|https://krm.gov.ua}}
| footnotes          = 
| name               = 
| imagesize          = 
| pushpin_relief     = y
| module             = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=11|frame-height=260 | stroke-width=1 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}

'''Kramatorsk''' ({{langx|uk|Краматорськ}}, {{IPA|uk|krɐmɐˈtɔrʲsʲk|pron|IPA|audio=Uk-Краматорськ.ogg}}; {{langx|ru|Краматорск}}) is a city and the administrative centre of [[Kramatorsk Raion]] in [[Donetsk Oblast]] of the [[Donbas]] region of eastern [[Ukraine]]. Prior to 2020, Kramatorsk was a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]]. Since October 2014, Kramatorsk has been the provisional seat of Donetsk Oblast, following the events surrounding the [[war in Donbas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kikhtenko to move Donetsk administration to Kramatorsk and to leave power structures in Mariupol |url=http://mw.ua/UKRAINE/kikhtenko-to-move-donetsk-administration-to-kramatorsk-and-to-leave-power-structures-in-mariupol-119_.html |website=[[Zerkalo Nedeli]] |access-date=3 November 2014 |language=ru |archive-date=19 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019083422/http://mw.ua/UKRAINE/kikhtenko-to-move-donetsk-administration-to-kramatorsk-and-to-leave-power-structures-in-mariupol-119_.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its population is {{Ua-pop-est2022|147145|.}} It is an important industrial and [[mechanical engineering]] center in Ukraine. Kramatorsk is on the banks of the [[Kazennyi Torets]], a right tributary of the [[Donets|Siverskyi Donets]].

Since the start of the [[Russian Invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Kramatorsk has been hit by Russian shelling multiple times.<ref>{{cite news |title=There have been attacks in Kramatorsk today. Here are some pictures of the devastation|url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-2-2-23 |access-date=13 June 2023 |publisher=CNN |date=2 February 2023}}</ref>

==Etymology==
According to Doctor of Philology Yevhen Otin from [[Dnipro]] who specializes in [[onomastics]], the name of the city comes from a toponymic phrase that has not been preserved: ''Krom Torov'' or ''Krom Torskaya'' 'border along the Tor River'. The word ''kroma'' means 'edge, frontier, border', and ''Tor'' is the old name for the [[Kazennyi Torets]] River. However, it can be stated succinctly, it's most likely from the train station, the settlement was built around. The original name of the train station, ''Kram-na-Tore'' translates as Border-on-Tor ({{lit.}} 'on the bank of the Tor river'). Similar to the Russian city [[Rostov-on-Don]], which is located at the mouth of the [[Don River]].

Previously during the Soviet period, it was thought that the name comes from a French word "crématoire" connecting it with a local factory. Such version proposed a Russian linguist Vladimir Nikonov from [[Simbirsk]] (Ulyanovsk). However, Dr. Otin pointed out that settlement of Kramatoroka existed before establishment of any factories.

==History==

===Early history===
Scarcity of historical documents does not provide information of previous settlement in the area, but archaeological excavations in the area show that it was populated before.

In the second half of the 17th and early 18th centuries, the area in which Kramatorsk was to develop was heavily populated by Cossacks from the [[Cossack Hetmanate|Hetmanate]], particularly Oril Palatinate of [[Zaporizhian Sich]] which was liquidated in 1775.<ref name=eou/> Here were finding a refuge from their landowners serfs from the southern regions of Muscovy and Mordovia. In 1767 the Tsarist government granted 10,000 [[dessiatin]] to a Russian count Taranov who established a village of serfs Petrovka.<ref name=ukrssr>{{cite web | url=https://ukrssr.com.ua/donetska/kramatorsk-donetska-oblast | title=КРАМАТОРСЬК, ДОНЕЦЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ |publisher=ukrssr.com.ua ([[The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR]]) |language=Ukrainian }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.toponymic-dictionary.in.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=11&Itemid=12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720084633/http://www.toponymic-dictionary.in.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=11&Itemid=12 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=2012-07-20 | title=Краматорськ |publisher=www.toponymic-dictionary.in.ua (Toponymic Dictionary of Ukraine) |language=Ukrainian }}</ref> In 1799 it was added to [[Izyum uyezd]] (county) of [[Sloboda Ukraine Governorate]].<ref name=ukrssr/>

[[File:Locomotive at the Kramatorsk railway station of the Kursk-Kharkov-Azov line.jpg|thumb|Locomotive at the Kramatorsk railway station (''Kramatorskaja''{{efn|a feminine possessive form of Kramatorsk}}) of the [[Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov Railway]]]]
[[File:Дореволюционная открытка ст. Краматорская 001.jpg|thumb|A brick-refractory factory of Stertzer and Co. at Kramatorsk rail station near [[Bakhmut]]]]
Kramatorsk came into being in the second half of the 19th century when a station on the [[Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov Railway]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://old.bigenc.ru/geography/text/6076055 | title=КРАМАТО́РСК |publisher=old.bigenc.ru (Big Russian Encyclopedia) |language=Russian }}</ref> The station was originally called Kram-na-Tore in 1868 but this was later contracted into Kramatorsk and the town of Kramatorsk developed around the railway station,<ref name=eou>{{cite web | url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CR%5CKramatorsk.htm | title=Kramatorsk |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |language=English }}</ref> becoming a major urban settlement in the north of [[Donetsk Oblast]] with several heavy machine production facilities.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} In 1885 in area were found deposits of chaulk, sand, sandstone, valuable clays, mineral dyes which provided construction of building materials.<ref name=eou/> In 1887 Belgian investors (Stertzer and Sons) built a factory of [[refractory materials]] near Kramatorsk rail station. In 1896 the German firm "W.Fizner and K.Hamper"<ref name=ukrssr/> opened a machine factory manufacturing its products for local mining and rail industries.<ref name=eou/><ref name=ukrssr/> The factory was also producing its own metal. Just before the [[1905 Russian Revolution]], during the 1901-1904 production of [[cast iron]] at the factory tripled and accounted for 4.5 millions of [[pood]]s. Number of employed workers at the factory has doubled during that period (1900-1904) to some 1,460. The workers of the factory were peasants hired from nearby villages, while managing personnel was predominantly foreigners.<ref name=ukrssr/> During the Soviet period that factory was known as the Old Kramatorsk Machine-Building Plant.<ref name=eou/> A factory worker for one 11-12 hour work day was receiving around 70 kopecks to 1 ruble and 10 kopecks. A primary medical institution for the factory was a regional hospital in [[Sloviansk]] (about {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}), while in Kramatorsk was a small local clinic with no more than 12 beds. At that time around the settlement appeared smaller iron shops that belonged to Vykov merchants. Employed at least 70 craftsmen, they were producing [[plowshare]]s, horseshoes, shovels. The settlement accounted for two steam-powered mills, blacksmith shops, grain crusher mill.<ref name=ukrssr/>

[[File:Белокузьминовка.jpg|thumb|Chalk mountains near Kramatorsk]]
The first educational institution was opened in 1869 by the Kramatorsk rail station administration as a single grade school for children of the rail station servicemen, clerks of telegraph and post office, local police. About 20 years later a gubernatorial government established a primary 2-year parochial school which had a small library (part of the [[Ministry of National Education (Russian Empire)|Ministry of National Education]] program). In 1897 the "W.Fizner and K.Hamper" company established the 3-year factory school for children of the administration and skilled workers.<ref name=ukrssr/>

===20th century===

Already in spring of 1903, the Old Kramatorsk Machine-Building Plant came under influence of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] (RSDLP) of [[Kharkiv]] and Ekaterinoslav ([[Dnipro]]) party cells and at the factory was organized first "revolutionary" group. The group had intention to join the political strike that took place in summer of 1903 at the Russian South (including today's Ukraine), but in August members of the group were all arrested. In spring of 1904 RSDLP established its party cell within the town of Kramatorsk itself. In mid February 1905 the RSDLP organized a short strike that ended after arrival of couple of companies of the [[Lebedyn]] regiment. Some 600 workers were fired right away. In the beginning of 1905 Kramatorsk accounted for over 12,000 residents.<ref name=ukrssr/>

Later that year RSDLP organized scandal at the factory turning prayer for the [[October Manifesto]] into an unsanctioned gathering which called for armed uprising. During that time, at the factory was organized a local council of workers' deputies, a soviet (before [[Bolshevization of the Soviets]]). Under influence of [[Bolsheviks]], in 1905 a renegade [[Bolshevik Military Organizations]] was established in Kramatorsk which organized the purchase of arms. There also was established a communication with the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory council of workers' deputies. On 12 December 1905 there was a huge strike at the factory calling for overthrowing the Russian [[Tsar]] ([[Nicholas II of Russia]]) and talked about the need to provide the peasants with land. In 1906 Kramatorsk was visited by members of the Central Committee of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]], while financially they were supported by the Ekaterinoslav party headed by [[Grigory Petrovsky]]. On 11 June 1906 Kramatorsk joined the Bolshevik mutiny which included factories of [[Yuzivka]], [[Kostiantynivka]], [[Druzhkivka]], [[Horlivka]] factories and accounted for some 3,000 workers calling for armed uprising and support of peasants for their rights on land. The demonstrators marched to the neighboring village of Petrovka. The [[List of interior ministers of Russia|Russian Minister of Internal Affairs]] [[Pyotr Stolypin]] was calling the [[Kiev Military District]] commander to immediately dispatch a military detachment to Izyum uyezd (county) and Kramatorsk, in particular. The Kramatorsk factory was forced to be closed and workers were released, while those who participated in the mutiny were prosecuted.<ref name=ukrssr/> Later the factory was reopened.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The town of Kramatorsk gave a jump start to a political career of Ukrainian Bolshevik [[Vlas Chubar]] who organized at the factory a school of political propaganda. Following the [[Lena massacre]], on 1 May 1912 Chubar organized protest with red banners which gathered some 2,000 workers. Many participants were fired, while some were sent to military service. Vlas Chubar was imprisoned in the Bakhmut jail ([[Bakhmut]]). During that time Bolsheviks were carrying out a fundraising at the factory for their "[[Pravda]]" newspaper (est. 5 May 1912). A very close relations local Bolsheviks kept with a member of the Russian [[State Duma (Russian Empire)|State Duma]] from [[Kharkov Governorate]] and a local Bolshevik from the [[Poltava]]'s suburbs [[Matvei Muranov]] who visited Kramatorsk in 1913.<ref name=ukrssr/>

Before [[World War I]], the town remained an unorganized workers' settlement.<ref name=ukrssr/> It accounted for some 4,000 residents (1914).<ref name=eou/>

In April 1918 troops loyal to the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] took control of Kramatorsk.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2018/04/18/152320/ 100 years ago Bakhmut and the rest of Donbas liberated] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501115243/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2018/04/18/152320/ |date=1 May 2019 }}, [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (18 April 2018)</ref>

It was occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] between 20 October 1941 and 6 February 1942 and again between 27 February 1942 and 6 September 1943.<ref name="EMU">{{Cite web |last1=Kozarenko |first1=V. F. |year=2014 |script-title=uk:Краматорськ |trans-title=Kramatorsk |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-73396 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine]] |language=uk }}</ref>

Between 1980 and 1989, several people [[Kramatorsk radiological accident|were exposed to a radiological source]] in one of the apartment buildings, resulting in 6 deaths and at least 17 cases of [[radiation sickness]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Russo-Ukrainian War ===
{{further|Battle of Kramatorsk|February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack|Kramatorsk railway station attack|2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike}}
On 12 April 2014, at the same time as [[Siege of Sloviansk|events in nearby Sloviansk]] the police station in Kramatorsk [[Battle of Kramatorsk|was seized]] by armed pro-Russian militants in military uniform, and later the city council.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ukraine crisis: Kramatorsk police headquarters stormed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27007398 |newspaper=BBC |date=13 April 2014 |access-date=7 July 2014 |archive-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729202037/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27007398 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kramatorsk would remain under pro-Russian separatist control, until July 2014. There would be a series of incidents in those three months.<ref>{{cite news |author= Shaun Walker|title=Ukraine crisis: tension mounts in Kramatorsk after army rolls in |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/04/ukraine-kramatorsk-army-donetsk-rebels-kiev|newspaper=Guardian |date=4 May 2014 |access-date=13 June 2023 }}</ref> Located only 13&nbsp;km from [[Sloviansk]], which became a separatist stronghold, Kramatorsk would also be under separatist control, yet in a different situation. Unlike Sloviansk, which had high profile figures [[Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)|Vyacheslav Ponomarev]] and [[Igor Girkin |Igor Girkin/Strelkov]] associated with it, Kramatorsk was not notable in this sphere. Further, while the Ukrainian army did not enter Sloviansk in its months under separatist control, they made several entries into Kramatorsk in this time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kramatorsk Dispatch: Humiliating Capitulation Dampens Troops' Morale |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kramatorsk-dispatch-humiliating-capitulation-dampens-troops-morale/25353008.html |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=13 June 2023 }}</ref> On 5 July, after almost three months, Ukrainian forces finally retook control of Kramatorsk, as part of sweeping territorial gains at that time, including nearby [[Sloviansk]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Separatists cleared from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine-abroad/cnn-separatists-cleared-from-two-eastern-cities-video-354951.html |newspaper=Kyiv Post |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=8 July 2014 |archive-date=8 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708014923/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine-abroad/cnn-separatists-cleared-from-two-eastern-cities-video-354951.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2014, Kramatorsk was made the provisional [[administrative center]] of Donetsk Oblast after the administration relocated from [[Mariupol]]. On 10 February 2015, Kramatorsk was [[February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack|shelled]] by pro-Russian forces, leaving 17 people dead and 60 injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2016 |title=Годовщина кровавого обстрела Краматорска: пострадавшие хотят забыть тот день, но не могут |trans-title= |url=https://tsn.ua/ru/ato/godovschina-krovavogo-obstrela-kramatorska-postradavshie-hotyat-zabyt-tot-den-no-ne-mogut-577178.html |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=ТСН.ua |language=ru}}</ref>

On 8 April 2022, during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Kramatorsk was subjected to missile strikes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Missile strike in Kramatorsk leaves two dead, six injured, says Ukrainian official |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-18-22#h_7605e6b306047a83ee1bc46035c7aea3 |access-date=18 March 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=18 March 2022}}</ref> The Kramatorsk railway station [[Kramatorsk railway station attack|was hit]] by Tochka-U missiles which killed at least 57 people and wounded at least 109 others.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Semenova|first1=Thaisa|title=At least 39 killed by Russian strike on train station with evacuating civilians|url=https://kyivindependent.com/national/at-least-39-killed-by-russian-strike-on-train-station-with-evacuating-civilians/|publisher=Kyiv Independent|date=8 April 2022|accessdate=8 April 2022}}</ref> [[Pavlo Kyrylenko]], the governor of the Donetsk Oblast, said thousands of people had been at the station at the time the two missiles struck. On 19 April 2022, Russian troops launched rocket attacks on Kramatorsk, as a result of which one person was killed and three were injured.<ref>[https://ru.slovoidilo.ua/2022/04/19/novost/bezopasnost/kramatorsku-vrag-nanes-raketnye-udary-est-pogibshij Enemy fired missiles at Kramatorsk again, there is one dead]</ref> On 21 April 2022, British Defence Ministry intelligence reported that Russian troops in the Donetsk Oblast were advancing towards Kramatorsk.<ref>[https://tsn.ua/ru/ato/rossiyskie-voyska-prodvigayutsya-v-storonu-kramatorska-britanskaya-razvedka-2042371.html Russian troops advance towards Kramatorsk - British intelligence]</ref> However, in early September 2022, Ukraine launched [[2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive|a major counteroffensive]], regaining several settlements in the Kharkiv Oblast. This relieved the pressure on Kramatorsk with the recapture of [[Lyman, Ukraine|Lyman]] by Ukrainian forces on 1 October 2022.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

On 27 June 2023, [[2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike|a Russian missile strike]] killed at least 11 people and injured over 60 in a pizza restaurant in the center of the city.<ref name="Sky News">{{cite news |author=Sunita Patel-Carstairs | title=Ukraine war: Russian missile 'designed to bring down a plane' hits crowded pizza restaurant in Kramatorsk | work=Sky News | url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-deadly-russian-missile-strike-hits-crowded-restaurant-in-kramatorsk-12910824 | date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref>

==Geography==
The Kramatorsk metro area is located in [[Kramatorsk Raion]], making it a central part of a major urban agglomeration with over 500,000 inhabitants.

==Demographics==
Kramatorsk has a population of over 164,700 inhabitants (2013) and has a [[metropolitan area]] of over 197,000 inhabitants (2013). [[Ukrainians]] are by far the largest ethnic group, yet the city is mostly [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russophone]]. The exact ethnic and linguistic composition as of the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|Ukrainian Census of 2001]] was:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua |title=Офіційна сторінка Всеукраїнського перепису населення |trans-title=Official page of the All-Ukrainian Population Census |publisher=Ukrcensus.gov.ua |date= |accessdate=5 December 2021 |archive-date=10 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710064805/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Ukrainians]]: 70.2%
*[[Russians]]: 26.9%
*[[Belarusians]]: 0.7%
*[[Armenians]]: 0.6%
*[[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijanis]]: 0.2%
*[[Jew]]s: 0.1%
{{div col end}}

=== Language ===
*[[Russian language|Russian]]: 67.9%
*[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: 31.1%
*[[Armenian language|Armenian]]: 0.2%
*[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]: 0.1%
*[[Romani language|Romani]]: 0.1%

According to the regional department of statistics, as of 1 January 2017, the population of Kramatorsk was 190,648 people.<ref>[https://dnews.dn.ua/news/583145 "Население Краматорска продолжает сокращаться"] (''tr. "The population of Kramatorsk continues to decrease"'') ''dnews.dn.ua''{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145420/https://dnews.dn.ua/news/583145 |date=12 April 2018 }} Donetskie Novosti, 10 March 2017</ref>

==Economy and industry==

=== Industrial and mining equipment ===
[[File:Петровские проходные.JPG|thumb|Old Kramatorsk machine plant]]
* [[Novokramatorsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod|New Kramatorsk Machinebuilding Plant]] (NKMZ) (founded 1934): design and production of machines and equipment for mining, steel rolling, metallurgy, production and handling of cast iron, artillery weapon systems.
* Old Kramatorsk Machinebuilding Plant (founded 1896)

In the 2000s, a [[wind turbine]] production facility was constructed in Kramatorsk. This is a joint venture between German [[Fuhrländer AG]] and its Ukrainian partners. According to their site, Fuhrländer became the first company in the [[renewable energy]] sector to obtain a building permit from the Ukrainian government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fuhrlaender.de/en/update/fuhrlaender-weiht-joint-venture-werk-in-der-ukraine-ein.html |title=Fuhrländer opens joint venture park in Ukraine |access-date=28 September 2012 |archive-date=15 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215213510/http://www.fuhrlaender.de/en/update/fuhrlaender-weiht-joint-venture-werk-in-der-ukraine-ein.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Transportation====
 
Between 1937 and 1 August 2017, Kramatorsk had a tram network. However, it is now closed and public transportation is provided by buses and trolley-buses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metro-report.com/news/news-by-region/europe/single-view/view/kramatorsk-tram-network-closes.html |title=Kramatorsk tram network closes {{!}} News {{!}} Railway Gazette International |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803131501/http://www.metro-report.com/news/news-by-region/europe/single-view/view/kramatorsk-tram-network-closes.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Twin towns==
{{Flag|United States}}, [[Stamford, Connecticut]] - On 6 April 2023 officially announced Kramatorsk as their sister city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://connecticut.news12.com/ukraine-aid-international-stamford-joins-ct-communities-providing-humanitarian-support-to-overseas-victims | title=Ukraine Aid International: Stamford joins CT communities providing humanitarian support to overseas victims | date=6 April 2023 }}</ref>

{{Flag|Ukraine}}, [[Perechyn]], [[Zakarpattia Oblast]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Схід і захід разом: Краматорськ та Перечи́н віднині — міста-побратими! – Краматорська міська рада |date=27 May 2023 |url=https://krm.gov.ua/shid-i-zahid-razom-kramatorsk-ta-perechy-n-vidnyni-mista-pobratymy/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |language=uk}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Белокузьминовка 009.jpg|Kramatorsk landscape park
File:Shkolnaya-B.Sadovaya.JPG|Street junction in Kramatorsk
File:Ул. Парковая вверх от ул. XIX Партсъезда.JPG|Apartment blocks in Kramatorsk
File:Ato kramatorsk.jpg|Monument to {{ill|Oleksandr Serebryakov|uk|Серебряков Олександр Вікторович}} and {{ill|Roman Mendel|uk|Мендель Роман Володимирович}}, who died during the [[Siege of Sloviansk]] and the [[Battle of Kramatorsk]]
File:Палац Культури і Техніки НКМЗ.jpg|City palace of culture
File:Железнодорожный вокзал в Краматорске.jpg|[[Kramatorsk railway station|Railway station]]
File:Kramatorsk Serhiy Petrov Ice Arena 1.jpg|Ice Arena
File:Краматорск, карьер.jpg|Quarry at the Melova (Chalk) Hill
</gallery>

==Notable people==
*[[Halyna Bezruk]] (born 1988), Ukrainian singer and actress
*[[Anatoliy Blyznyuk]] (born 1948), Ukrainian politician and former governor of the [[Donetsk Oblast]]
*[[Leonid Bykov]] (1928-1979), Soviet Ukrainian actor and film maker
*[[Stepan Chubenko]] (1997-2014), Ukrainian soccer player
*{{ill|Valeriy Herovkin|uk|Геровкін Валерій Євгенович}} (1999-2021) Ukrainian soldier fallen in the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], awarded with the [[Order for Courage]]
*[[Tatiana Kononenko]] (born 1978), Ukrainian chess player
*[[Oleh Kotenko]] (born 1970), [[Euromaidan]] activist and volunteer soldier during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
*[[Anna Kurkurina]] (born 1966), Ukrainian powerlifter and animal rights activist
*{{ill|Kostyantyn Kuzmenko|uk|Кузьменко Костянтин Олегович}} (1985-2022), Ukrainian soldier, awarded with the [[Order for Courage]]
*[[Ihor Moroz]] (born 1970), Ukrainian politician and former governor of the [[Donetsk Oblast]]
*[[Maxim Rysanov]] (born 1978), Ukrainian violist and conductor
*[[Serhii Shevchenko]] (born 1960), Ukrainian journalist and writer
*{{ill|Andriy Sirchenko|uk|Сірченко Андрій Володимирович}} (1973-2017), decorated Ukrainian soldier
*[[Natalia Veselnitskaya]] (born 1975), prominent Russian attorney during the [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]]
*[[Pavlo Vyshebaba]] (born 1986), Ukrainian activist and writer

At various periods, Kramatorsk was a place of residence for a number of notable people, including [[Leonid Bykov]], [[Joseph Kobzon]], and [[Ruslan Ponomariov]].

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==

<references />

==External links==
{{commons category|Kramatorsk}}
*[https://www.forbes.com/sites/quickerbettertech/2012/08/27/outsourcing-fuels-ukraines-it-boom/ Forbes.com: Outsourcing Fuels Ukraine's IT Boom]
*{{YouTube|KX3KpzXwwn4|Kramatorsk. A Global Intersection (2010). Documentary film trailer}}

{{Kramatorsk municipality}}{{Kramatorsk Raion}}{{Donetsk Oblast}}
{{Cities in Ukraine}}
{{2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine}}
{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kramatorsk| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Donetsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Kramatorsk urban hromada]]
[[Category:Kharkov Governorate]]
[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1868]]
[[Category:Railway towns in Ukraine]]