View source for Kraakdoos

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{{Original research|date=July 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
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[[File:Crackle Box.jpg|thumb|A kraakdoos]]
[[File:4xhands.jpg|thumb|alt=Crackle-Quartet|Four Crackleboxes being played simultaneously]]
A '''kraakdoos''' or '''cracklebox''' is a [[custom-made instrument]], in the form of a [[noise music|noise]]-making [[electronic device]]. It is a small box with six metal contacts on top, which generate various unusual sounds and tones when pressed by the performer's fingers. The [[human body]] becomes a part of the circuit and determines the range of sounds possible, thus different people–or the same person at different times–shall generate different results.

While there are certain configurations of one's digits that result in more or less recallable results the preferred way of playing it is led by listening to how the instrument responds to manipulation and then maintaining and modifying one's contact points. The player thus enters into a tactile and sonic dialogue with the instrument.

The concept was first conceived by [[Michel Waisvisz]] and Geert Hamelberg in the 1960s, and developed further in the 1970s when Waisvisz joined the [[STEIM]] foundation in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]. The kraakdoos is a simple device, based on a single [[operational amplifier]] (the [[List of LM-series integrated circuits|LM709]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Boberg |first=Johan |date=2025-06-20 |title=DIY Kraakdoos / Crackle Box |url=https://www.eam.se/kraakdoos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621041400/https://www.eam.se/kraakdoos/ |archive-date=2025-06-21 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Random Voltage}}</ref> one of the earliest models to be produced) and a few transistors, and can be constructed with only a basic understanding of electronics.

The LM709 lacks [[frequency compensation]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.digikey.com/htmldatasheets/production/94198/0/0/1/lm709.html |title=LM709 Operational Amplifier |date=February 1995 |publisher=National Semiconductor/Texas Instruments |year=1995}}</ref> This means the op-amp is, likely, operating as a [[phase-shift oscillator]] driving transistors in a [[Deadband|dead band]] resulting in a highly distorted output.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Whiteford |first=Nava |date=September 3, 2015 |title=The Kraakdoos — Musical Abuser Of An Ancient OpAmp |url=https://hackaday.com/2015/09/03/the-kraakdoos-musical-abuser-of-an-ancient-opamp/ |url-status=live |journal=Hack a Day |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621044446/https://hackaday.com/2015/09/03/the-kraakdoos-musical-abuser-of-an-ancient-opamp/}}</ref>

The musician Andrew Levine plays the Cracklebox regularly as part of his setup, in which it is the only instrument not dependent on external amplification, and has also experimented with a [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6mB1P3H-0dq8jgLu-aGBiynJTdNvbfEm four-Crackle box-configuration].

== See also ==
* [[Atari Punk Console]]
* [[Circuit bending]]

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200513161107/https://steim.org/cracklebox/ Archived Cracklebox page at STEIM]
* [https://www.eam.se/kraakdoos/ Original shematics and DIY page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210224112832/http://www.crackle.org/CrackleBox.html The CrackleBox] — includes a history
* {{in lang|nl}} [http://www.logosfoundation.org/kursus/2005.html De Kraakdoos]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6mB1P3H-0drfkLWgkSMJEzYL1iMzYcje The Cracklebox in various configurations]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
{{DIY Culture in Electronic Music}}
{{Experimental musical instruments}}

[[Category:Experimental musical instruments]]
[[Category:Electronic musical instruments]]
[[Category:DIY culture]]
[[Category:Dutch inventions]]

{{Electronic-musical-instrument-stub}}