View source for Kotlin-class destroyer

{{Short description|Soviet destroyers built 1955-1958}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Expand Polish|date=September 2010|Niszczyciele projektu 56}}

{|{{Infobox ship begin|sclass=2}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:Destroyer Vozbuzhdenyy.jpg|300px|SAM Kotlin class destroyer ''Vozbuzhdenyy''.]] 
|Ship caption=Kotlin-class destroyer ''Vozbuzhdeny'' in January 1981
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=Kotlin class
|Builders=
*[[61 Kommunar yard|Shipyard No.445 (61 Kommunar)]] (8)
*[[Severnaya Verf|Shipyard No.190 (Zhdanov)]] (12)
*[[Amur Shipbuilding Plant|Shipyard No.199]], Komsomolsk-on-Amur (7)
|Operators=*{{navy|Soviet Union}}
*{{navy|Poland}} 
|Class before={{sclass|Neustrashimy|destroyer|4}}
|Class after={{sclass2|Kildin|destroyer|4}}
|Subclasses=
|Cost=
|Built range=1955-1958
|In service range=   
|In commission range=1955-1992
|Total ships building= 
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=27
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=0
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=27
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= 
|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Destroyer]]
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|2662|t|LT ST|lk=out}} (standard),
*{{convert|3230|t|LT ST|abbr=on}} (full load)
|Ship length={{convert|126.1|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|12.7|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|4.2|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × shaft geared steam turbines,
*4 boilers, {{convert|72000|hp|MW|abbr=on|lk=in}}
|Ship speed={{convert|38|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=284
|Ship crew=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=*Radar: Fut -N (air search), Ryf (surface)
*Sonar: Pegas
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=
*(''Project 56'')
**4 × {{convert|130|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SM-2-1 guns (2×2)
**16 × {{convert|45|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SM-20-ZIF guns (4×4)
**10 × {{convert|533|mm|in|-1|abbr=on}} PTA-53-56 torpedo tubes (2×5)
**6 × BMB-2 depth charge throwers (later replaced by ASW mortars)
**50 × mines
*(''Project 56A'')
**2 × {{convert|130|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SM-2-1 gun (1×2)
**4 × {{convert|45|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} SM-20-ZIF gun (1×4)
**8 × {{convert|30|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} [[AK-230]] guns (4×2)
**5 × {{convert|533|mm|in|-1|abbr=on}} TA MPTA-53M torpedo tubes (1×5)
**24 × {{convert|213|mm|in|-1|abbr=on}} [[RBU-6000]] ASW rocket launchers (2×12)
**1× twin [[S-125 Neva/Pechora]] (NATO SA-N-1) [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]] (16 missiles)
**50 × mines
|Ship armour=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''Kotlin-class''' [[destroyer]]s were [[Cold War]] era ships built for the [[Soviet Navy]]. The Russian name for this class was Project 56 ''Spokoiny'' (Спокойный, "tranquil"). 27 ships were built between 1955 and 1958; they were all decommissioned in the late 1980s. The {{sclass2|Kildin|destroyer|4}} is based on the design of the ''Kotlin''s. The Chinese [[Type 051 destroyer|Luda class]] which is based on the Soviet {{sclass|Neustrashimy|destroyer|4}}, also borrows some design concepts from the Kotlin class.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flot.com/publications/books/shelf/reddragon/26/index.php?print=Y|title=Глава 2. Ударные надводные силы ВМС НОАК|website=flot.com|trans-title=Chapter 2. Surface Impact Forces|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305213345/http://flot.com/publications/books/shelf/reddragon/26/index.php?print=Y|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref>{{clarify|Luda class article disputes this, and has a source for its claims that the Luda is based on the Kotlin|date=November 2015}}

==Design==
This design was a smaller version of the ''Neustrashimy''-class destroyer which was seen as being too large and expensive for economic series production, as well as too slow. Detailed design changes eliminated some of the problems seen during trials of ''Neustrashimy''. A production run of 100 ships was planned but this was curtailed because of the advent of the guided missile. 32 were ordered, but four ships were completed as the Kildin class (Project 56E/EM).  The last vessel was canceled.

11 ships (Project 56PLO, "Kotlin Mod.") were modified for enhanced [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] capabilities by adding rocket depth charge launchers.

In 1962, the Soviet Navy installed the navalized version of the S-125 Neva, the [[SA-N-1]] 'Goa', to a surface-to-air missile Kotlin-class destroyer, ''Bravy'' (also spelled ''Bravyy''/''Bravyi'') for testing. The system used the 4K90 (V-600) missile that could engage targets at distances from {{convert|4|-|15|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} and altitudes of {{convert|100|-|10000|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}. Fire control and guidance was provided by 4R90 Yatagan radar. The system could track only one target at a time. The missiles were loaded on the dual-arm ZIF-101 launcher, with under-deck magazine storage for 16 more.

The Soviet Navy would eventually retrofit seven Kotlin-class ships to carry [[surface-to-air missile|SAMs]]; these ships were known to NATO as the Kotlin SAM class (Project 56A). One more was modified and sold to Poland (Project 56AE, being the only Project 56 destroyer exported). Later versions of the SAM system, such as the Volna-M (SA-N-1B), the Volna-P, and Volna-N provided greater missile range and capability.

==Ships==
[[File:Soviet destroyer Vyderzhannyy underway c1973.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Soviet destroyer ''Vyderzhanny'' c.1973, in Project 56 configuration]]
[[File:Soviet Spokoynyy-class destroyer underway c1973.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Unidentified Soviet Kotlin-class destroyer c.1973, in Project 56PLO configuration]]
[[File:Nakhodchivyy(DN-SN-87-06844).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Soviet destroyer ''Nakhodchivy'' in 1983, in Project 56A configuration]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ship
! Russian
! Builder
! Launched
! Commissioned
! Modernisation
! Decommissioned
|-
| ''Spokoiny'' 
| Спокойный - "Peaceful"
| rowspan=12| [[Severnaya Verf|Zhdanov]], Leningrad
| 28 November 1953
| 27 June 1956
| none
| 19 April 1990
|-
| ''Svetly'' 
| Светлый - "Bright" (or "Light")
| 27 October 1953
|17 September 1955
| none
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Speshny'' 
| Спешный - "Rapid"
|7 August 1954
|30 September 1955
|none
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Skromny'' 
| Скромный - "Modest"
|26 October 1954
|30 December 1955
|SAM (56A)
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Svedushchy'' 
| Сведущий - "Knowledgeable"
|17 February 1955
|31 January 1956
|SAM (56A)
|8 April 1992
|-
|''Smyshleny'' 
| Смышленый - "Sharp (quickwitted)"
|24 May 1955
|28 June 1956
|ASW (56PLO)
|22 June 1986
|-
|''Skrytny'' 
| Скрытный - "Secretive"
|27 September 1955
|30 September 1956
|none
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Soznatelny'' 
| Сознательный - "Aware"
|15 January 1956
|31 October 1956
|SAM (56A)
|1 March 1988
|-
|''Spravedlivy'' 
| Справедливый - "Just"
|12 April 1956
|20 December 1956
|SAM (56AE)
|Transferred to the Polish navy as {{ship|ORP|Warszawa|1970|6}} in 1970
|-
|''Nesokrushimy'' 
| Несокрушимый - "Indestructible"
|20 July 1956
|30 June 1957
|SAM (56A)
|27 July 1991
|-
|''Nakhodchivy'' 
| Находчивый - "Resourceful"
|30 October 1956
|18 December 1957
|SAM (56A)
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Nastoychivy'' 
| Настойчивый - "Persistent"
|23 April 1957
|30 November 1958
|SAM (56A)
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Byvalvy'' 
| Бывалый - "Experienced"
| rowspan=8| [[Mykolaiv|Nikolayev]]
|31 March 1954
|21 December 1955
| ASW (56PLO)
|17 July 1988
|-
|''Bravy'' 
| Бравый - "Brave"
|25 July 1953
|9 January 1956
|SAM  (56K)
|30 July 1987
|-
|''Bessledny'' 
| Бесследный - "Untraceable"
|1 April 1954
|31 October 1956
|ASW (56PLO)
|8 April 1988
|-
|''Burlivy'' 
| Бурливый - "Turbulent" or "Tempestuous"
|5 May 1954
|28 December 1956
|ASW (56PLO)
|25 May 1989
|-
|''Blagorodny'' 
| Благородный - "Noble"
|5 March 1955
|18 July 1957
|ASW (56PLO)
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Blestyashchy'' 
| Блестящий - "Brilliant"
|20 February 1953
|30 September 1955
|ASW (56PLO)
|30 July 1987
|-
|''Plamenny'' 
| Пламенный - "Fiery" or "Ardent"
|3 September 1955
|31 August 1957
|ASW (56PLO)
|24 June 1991
|-
|''Naporisty'' 
| Напористый - "Forceful"
|17 August 1955
|31 October 1957
|ASW (56PLO)
|30 July 1987
|-
|''Vyzyvayushchy'' 
| Вызывающий - "Challenging"
|rowspan=7|[[Komsomolsk-na-Amure]]
|25 July 1953
|31 March 1956
|ASW (56PLO)
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Vesky'' 
| Веский - "Convincing"
|30 January 1954
|30 March 1956
|none
|30 July 1987
|-
|''Vdokhnovenny'' 
| Вдохновенный - "Inspiring"
|31 August 1954
|30 October 1956
|ASW (56PLO)
|5 March 1987
|-
|''Vozmuscheny'' 
| Возмущенный - "Indignant"
|30 December 1954
|31 December 1956
|ASW (56PLO)
|5 March 1987
|-
|''Vozbuzhdeny'' 
| Возбужденный - "Excited"
|29 July 1955
|31 October 1957
|SAM (56A)
|25 April 1989
|-
|''Vliyatelny'' 
| Влиятельный - "Influential"
|29 October 1955	
|6 November 1957
|none
|17 July 1988
|-
|''Vyderzhanny'' 
| Выдержанный - "Consistent"
|24 June 1957
|10 December 1957
|none
|24 April 1992
|-
|}

* ''Bravy'' -  was the Kotlin SAM prototype

The ships were scrapped between 1987 and 1990.

==See also==
*[[List of ships of the Soviet Navy]]
*[[List of ships of Russia by project number]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |editor-last= Gardiner|editor-first= Robert |title= Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|year= 1995|publisher= Conway Maritime|location= [[London]]|isbn= 0-85177-605-1|oclc= 34284130}} Also published as {{cite book |last= Gardiner|first= Robert|author2=Chumbley, Stephen |author3=Budzbon, Przemysław|title= Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|year= 1995|publisher= [[United States Naval Institute|Naval Institute Press]]|location= [[Annapolis]], [[Maryland|MD]]|isbn= 1-55750-132-7|oclc= 34267261}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Warship International Staff|title=Views from the Career of the Soviet Destroyer ''Bravyy''|journal=Warship International |date=2015 |volume=LII |issue=1 |pages=28–35 |issn=0043-0374}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Spokoynyy class destroyer}}
*[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/56.htm Federation of American Scientists:  Project 56 Kotlin class], Project 56-A Kotlin SAM class, Project 56-PLO Kotlin Mod class Destroyer
*[http://russianships.info/eng/warships/project_56.htm All Russian Kotlin Class Destroyers - Complete Ship List] {{in lang|en}}

{{Soviet and Russian ships after 1945}}

[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:Kotlin-class destroyers| ]]