View source for King Ranch

{{Short description|Largest ranch in Texas}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{self-published|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox NRHP
  | name = King Ranch
  | nrhp_type = nhld
  | image = King Ranch logo.PNG
  | caption = King Ranch logo - the running W [[livestock branding|brand]]
  | nearest_city = [[Kingsville, Texas]]
  | coordinates = {{coord|27|31|7|N|97|55|1|W|display=inline,title}}
  | locmapin = Texas#USA
  | map_label = King Ranch
  | locmap_relief = yes
  | area = {{convert|825,000|acre|abbr=on}}
  | built = {{Start date|1852}}
  | designated_nrhp_type = November 5, 1961<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web |title=King Ranch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113002818/https://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=627&ResourceType=District |archive-date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=July 27, 2016|url=https://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=627&ResourceType=District |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
  | added = October 15, 1966
  | refnum = 66000820<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}}

'''King Ranch''' is the largest [[ranch]] in the United States. At some {{convert|825000|acre|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.king-ranch.com/operations/hunting/ |title=Hunting |publisher=King Ranch |access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> it is larger than the area of the European country [[Luxembourg]].<ref name="garycartwright">{{cite journal |first=Gary |last=Cartwright |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/showdown-at-waggoner-ranch/ |title=Showdown at Waggoner Ranch |journal=[[Texas Monthly]] |date=January 2004 |access-date=July 27, 2016| archive-url= https://archive.today/20220927201901/https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/showdown-at-waggoner-ranch/|archive-date=September 27, 2022}}</ref> It is mainly a cattle ranch, but also produced the racehorse [[Assault (horse)|Assault]], who won the [[United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing|Triple Crown]] in 1946.

The headquarters of the King Ranch are in an office building in [[Houston, Texas|Houston]], Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://king-ranch.com/|title=Home|publisher=King Ranch|access-date=2024-03-09|quote=King Ranch Corporate Offices Three Riverway, Suite 1600 Houston, TX 77056}}</ref> The ranch itself is located in [[South Texas]] between [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]] and [[Brownsville, Texas|Brownsville]], adjacent to [[Kingsville, Texas|Kingsville]].  It was founded in 1853 by Captain [[Richard King (Texas)|Richard King]] and Gideon K. Lewis. It includes parts of six Texas counties: most of [[Kleberg County, Texas|Kleberg]], much of [[Kenedy County, Texas|Kenedy]], and parts of [[Brooks County, Texas|Brooks]], [[Jim Wells County, Texas|Jim Wells]], [[Nueces County, Texas|Nueces]], and [[Willacy County, Texas|Willacy]] counties.

The ranch consists of four divisions of land: Santa Gertrudis, Laureles, Encino, and Norias. The Santa Gertrudis and Laureles divisions share a short length of border, and the Encino and Norias divisions are both entirely separate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.king-ranch.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/kr_map.jpg |title=Map of King Ranch |publisher=King Ranch |date=September 2013 |access-date=February 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222191608/http://www.king-ranch.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/kr_map.jpg |archive-date=February 22, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The ranch was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1961.<ref name="nhlsum" /><ref name="nrhpinv_not">Note: A National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination document should be available upon request from the National Park Service for this site, but it appears not to be available on-line from the [https://npgallery.nps.gov/nrhp NPS Focus search site] .</ref> The [[Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame]] inducted the ranch in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tchof.com/post/king-ranch|title=King Ranch|publisher=Texas Cowboy Hall of Fame {{!}} Fort Worth Texas|website=www.tchof.com|date=November 20, 2018|access-date=March 8, 2020}}</ref> King Ranch was one of the first ranches to be added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on October 15, 1966, because of the [[National Historic Preservation Act of 1966]] which was signed that same day.

==History==
{{Original research section|date=July 2016}}
[[Richard King (Texas)|Richard King]] (1824–1885) was a [[river pilot]], born in [[New York City]] to [[Irish American|Irish immigrants]]. He was [[indentured]] to a jeweler at age 11, but later ran to sea,{{ref|Lea_p2}} eventually attaining a pilot's rating. In 1843, King first met his future business partner in the King Ranch, [[Mifflin Kenedy]] (1818–1895), captain of the steamboat ''Champion''. Both served under General [[Zachary Taylor]] (later the 12th US president), operating steamboats from [[Brazos Island|Brazos Santiago Harbor]] in Texas, USA, to [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]] in Mexico, and on up river to [[Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas|Camargo, Tamaulipas]], in support of the U.S. invasion of Monterrey and Saltillo. After the [[Mexican–American War]], King made a good living hauling merchandise on the [[Rio Grande]], as far up river as Camargo, and [[Rio Grande City, Texas|Rio Grande City]]. In the meantime, Kenedy was able to make money by carrying goods overland into Mexico. By March 1, 1850, King, Kenedy, [[Charles Stillman]], founder of Brownsville, and James O'Donnell entered into a business partnership (M. Kenedy & Co.) to transport Stillman's goods from Brazos Santiago Harbor on the Gulf of Mexico and up the Rio Grande. The enterprise required two types of steamers — the ''Grampus'' and ''Comanche''. During the [[American Civil War]], the steamboat fleet was reflagged under the name of the Matamoros, Mexico citizen Francisco Iturria and the Mexican flag. As Mexico was a neutral country, the steamboats could not be stopped by Union blockaders, and engaged in a lively commerce of transporting Texas cotton to many deep-water ships anchored offshore Matamoros, on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande. Stillman sold his share of the enterprise after the Civil War; the new firm operated as King, Kenedy & Co. until 1874.

King first saw the land that would become part of the King Ranch in April 1852 as he traveled north from Brownsville to attend the Lone Star Fair in [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]], a four-day trip by horseback. After a grueling ride, King caught sight of the Santa Gertrudis Creek, {{convert|124|mi|km|abbr=on}} from the Rio Grande. It was the first stream he had seen on the [[Wild Horse Desert]]. The land, which was shaded by large [[mesquite]] trees, so impressed him, when he arrived at the fair, he and a friend, [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Ranger]] Captain Gideon K. "Legs" Lewis, agreed then and there to make it into a ranch.

The King Ranch LK [[livestock branding|brand]], still in use today,{{when |date=April 2021}} stands for partners Lewis and King.{{citation needed|reason=unsourced |date=April 2021}}

King and Lewis established a cow camp on Santa Gertrudis Creek. During this time, Richard King purchased the ''Rincón de Santa Gertrudis'' grant, a {{convert|15500|acre|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} holding that encompassed present-day [[Kingsville, Texas]]. It was purchased from the heirs of Juan Mendiola of Camargo on July 25, 1853, for $300. King sold Lewis an undivided half-interest in the land for $2,000. At the same time, Lewis sold King undivided half-interest in the ranchos of Manuel Barrera and of Juan Villareal for the same sum, on November 14, 1853. In 1854, King and Lewis purchased the ''de la Garza Santa Gertrudis'' grant from Praxides Uribe of Matamoros for $1,800, on the condition of a perfected title (complete documentation of the land grant) on May 20, 1854, to {{convert|53000|acre|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}}. As the years passed, more land was added, growing to 1.2 million acres (1,875&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi, 4,900&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) at its largest extent, until reaching its current total.

In 1855, Lewis was killed by the husband of a woman with whom he had been having an affair.{{ref|Lea_p133}} On July 1, 1856, a court sale of Lewis' property (including the undivided half-interest in the land of the Ranch) was held. King had arranged for Major W. W. Chapman (died 1859) to bid on the Rincón property, which Chapman acquired for $1,575. Chapman had been the [[quartermaster]] of [[Fort Brown]] in Brownsville, and regulated the steamboat contracts to supply [[Fort Ringgold]], up river in Rio Grande City.

King interested Captain James Walworth in acquiring the entire de la Garza grant, and Walworth completed the purchase on December 26, 1856, for $5,000 paid to Praxides Uribe. King thus retained operational control of the Ranch, with Walworth as a silent partner who held title to the land, and who paid taxes on it.{{ref|Lea_p138}}

King and Walworth's livestock brand was registered June 27, 1859, along with his earlier brands. (see below)

When King and his partners began hiring people to staff the ranch, they hired a number of [[Mexico|Mexican]] hands. In one notable case, King traveled to the village of [[Cruillas Municipality|Cruillas]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[Mexico]] in the early months of 1854 (the village having been decimated by a severe drought) and purchased the village's entire cattle population. But shortly after leaving the village, King realized that by solving the village's short-term problem, by providing needed income to survive the drought, he had created a longer-term one by removing its source of future income. King thus returned to Cruillas and offered the villagers the opportunity to work for him, in exchange for food, shelter, and income. Many of the villagers accepted King's offer and relocated to Texas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.king-ranch.com/the-legacy/los-kinenos/ |title=Los Kineños |publisher=King Ranch |access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> As the ranch grew, these workers came to be called ''kineños'', or "King's men". Over time, some original grantees returned to their land. King once said he "could not have kept on and held on if Andrés Canales had not been adjoining."{{ref|Lea_p124}}

Records show a Mexican range cow cost $6 in 1854, a [[mustang horse]] cost $6, and a [[stud (horse)|stud horse]] cost $200–300.{{ref|Lea_p121}} In sum, in 1854, King paid $12,275.79. Lea estimated the 1855 expenses were smaller. The first brand was the ''ere flecha'' (an R with arrow through it).{{ref|Lea_p150}}

In 1859, the ranch recorded its first official brands (HK and LK). In 1869, the ranch registered its "Running W" brand, which remains the King Ranch's official mark today.<ref name="kingranch-w-brand">{{cite web |title=The Running W |url=https://king-ranch.com/about-us/history/the-running-w/ |website=King Ranch |access-date=11 April 2021 |language=en-UspS |date=2021 |quote=''The meaning of the Running W remains a mystery.'' }}</ref> At the time, the ranch grazed cattle, horses, sheep and goats. By the mid-1870s, though, the ranch's hallmark stock had become the hardy [[Texas longhorn (cattle)|Texas Longhorn]]. The ranch also boasted several [[Brahman (cattle)|Brahman bulls]], as well as [[Beef Shorthorn]]s and [[Hereford cattle|Herefords]].

[[File:Santa Gertrudis.jpg|thumb|[[Santa Gertrudis cattle|Santa Gertrudis]] cows and calves]]
The Brahmans, which were native to South Asia, were well adapted to thrive in South Texas' hot climate; they were crossed with the ranch's Beef Shorthorns to produce the ranch's own trademark stock — the [[Santa Gertrudis cattle]], which were recognized as a breed in 1940.

Lea portrays King's purchase of the Ranch as motivated by his wooing of Henrietta Maria Morse Chamberlain (1832–1925), whom he married in the First Presbyterian Church, [[Brownsville, Texas|Brownsville]], on Sunday, December 10, 1854. The King Ranch HK livestock brand stands for Henrietta King.

During the [[United States Civil War]], the disruption of the flow of cattle to market initially caused a drop in beef prices. In 1861, the price of cattle dropped to $2 per head, but it rose again to $11 per head by August 1862.

The 1863-1864 winter pushed uncounted cattle south toward the [[Nueces River]] and Rio Grande. After the Civil War, the [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]] were disbanded during the [[Reconstruction era of the United States|reconstruction of the United States]]. It became very tempting and low-risk to simply herd cattle across the Nueces or Rio Grande.

Even in this time of loss, by 1869, King was able to round up 48,664 of an estimated 84,000 head of cattle. Allowing for 10,000 remaining, King claimed a loss of 33,827 head from 1869 to 1872. To handle depredations (rustling), the ranchers formed the Stock Raisers Association of Western Texas in 1870; Mifflin Kenedy led the first meeting. By 1874, the Texas Rangers were re-established, and were a factor in controlling the depredations.

By 1870, 300,000 head of cattle made their way from the West to the railroads of Kansas, and thence to the stockyards of Chicago. On a Texas ranch, a steer worth $11 would bring $20 from a buyer in [[Abilene, Kansas|Abilene]]. The buyer in turn could ask $31.50 at the [[Union Stock Yards]]. King could drive his cattle for a hundred days to the railheads of Kansas.

By 1871, though, 700,000 head of cattle caused a market glut, which King avoided by personal negotiation in Abilene.

King managed to avoid the September 19, 1873, '[[Panic of 1873|Black Friday panic]]' by selling early. During the lean year that followed, King continued to fence his land, and manage his cattle, horses, and sheep.

One technique King used to manage costs was to make his trail bosses the owners of the herd. The bosses would sign a note for the cattle, which they would begin to drive to market in February of each year, for the 100-day drive. The bosses were also the employers of the outfit. Upon the sale of the herd to the northern buyers, the trail bosses could relieve their indebtedness, and earn a profit greater than their ordinary wages.

Richard King died in 1885. At the death of [[Henrietta King]] in 1925, the ranch totaled 1.2 million acres that were divided among her heirs.<ref name="TXMonthly 2013">{{cite web | last=Monthly | first=Texas | title=A Family Affair | website=Texas Monthly | date=2013-01-20 | url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/travel/a-family-affair-2/ | access-date=2022-05-16}}</ref> Henrietta King's sole surviving child, Alice Gertrudis Kleberg, and her husband Robert J. Kleberg Jr. inherited over 800,000 acres that were incorporated as the King Ranch in 1934.<ref name="TXMonthly 2013" />  The appraiser's ''Statement of Gross Estate, Mrs. H. M. King'' listed a net total of $5.4 million, as the owner of 997,444.56 acres (4,036.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), which did not include the Santa Gertrudis headquarters, nor did it include the Kleberg's Stillman and Lasater tracts, which were not of the estate.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} Her son-in-law, [[Robert J. Kleberg (King Ranch)|Bob Kleberg]], said "A valuation of four to five dollars an acre ($1236/km<sup>2</sup>) on a million acres (4000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of raw ranchland was about right, but it took a long time for the Government to admit it."{{ref|Lea_p611}} By 1929, the taxes ($859,000) had been paid up, in installments, but the trustees had to borrow money, so by the [[Crash of 1929|market crash of 1929]], Henrietta King's estate was in debt $3,000,000.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Robert Justus Kleberg Jr. and Alice Gertrudis King had five children, including a son named Robert J. Kleberg, III.  In 1933, Robert J. Kleberg, III leased the exploration and [[drilling rights]] on the ranch to [[Humble Oil]] of [[Houston, Texas]], for $127,824, in exchange for the usual royalty of 1/8th of the sale price for all oil and gas produced from the property.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aoghs.org/oil-almanac/king-ranch-oil/ |title=Oil Reigns at King Ranch |publisher=American Oil and Gas Historical Society |access-date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> Humble Oil loaned enough money to pay the debts of the H.M. King estate, secured by a first mortgage on the land. Humble struck oil and gas by 1939. During all of this, the Ranch was a going concern, with a net profit of $227,382, as early as 1926.{{ref|Lea_p613}} Robert Kleberg III was married to Helen Campbell, and together they had a daughter they named [[Helen Kleberg Groves|Helen]].<ref name="BloodHorse.com 2022">{{cite web | title=Prominent Owner/Breeder Groves Dies at 94 | website=BloodHorse.com | date=2022-05-09 | url=https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/258731/prominent-owner-breeder-groves-dies-at-94 | access-date=2022-05-16}}</ref>

[[Lauro Cavazos]], who served as the first Hispanic United States Cabinet officer, was born on the King Ranch during his father's service as a [[ranch foreman]] in January, 1927.

 [[File:Ford F-250 Double Cab.jpg | thumb|Example of a King Ranch; a Ford F-250 (2005–2007)]]

On November 18, 1936, Luther Blanton and his son, John, trespassed on the ranch by crawling through the fence surrounding it. They had intended to hunt ducks and nearby residents reported hearing shots fired. Shortly thereafter, locals organized a group to force their way onto the ranch around the area where they were known to have gone hunting. However, neither Blanton nor his son were ever seen again. A subsequent police investigation resulted in no arrests. Although most residents suspected them being murdered by ranch guards for trespassing, it remains a long-standing unsolved mystery.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Battle of the Fence |date=December 14, 1936 |publisher=LIFE Magazine by Time Inc |pages=18–20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEEEAAAAMBAJ&q=king+ranch |access-date=August 15, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], the Navy purchased lots of land to construct the [[Kingsville Naval Outlying Fields]] to support naval flight training. Many of these airfields have since been demolished and reverted to farmland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airfields in Texas: Corpus Christi |url=https://www.airfieldsfreeman.com/TX/Airfields_TX_CorpusS.htm |access-date=2024-09-04}}</ref>

In February 1961, ''[[National Geographic]]'' reported that the ranch covered 980,000 acres.<ref name=NG>{{cite magazine |author=Stanley Walker |author-link=Stanley Walker (editor) |date=February 1961 |title=The Fabulous State of Texas|magazine=[[National Geographic]] |volume=119 |issue=2}}</ref>{{rp|165}}

In 1999 (since the 2001 model year to present), [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] began using the King Ranch brand on its vehicles. Over the years there have been King Ranch versions of the [[Ford F-Series|F-150]], [[Ford Super Duty|Super Duty]], [[Ford Explorer|Explorer]], and [[Ford Expedition|Expedition]]. They include dark brown leather seats, and the badges show the King Ranch 'Running W' brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blueovaltrucks.com/ford_articles/history-of-the-ford-king-ranch|title=History of the Ford King Ranch – Blue Oval Trucks}}</ref>

==Education==
{{expand section|date=March 2024}}
[[Santa Gertrudis Independent School District]]'s original elementary and middle school facility, built in 1917, was leased from the King Ranch and located on ranch property (the Santa Gertrudis portion). It was a {{convert|25209|sqft|sqm|adj=on}}, 13 classroom complex with a classroom building, four annexes, two storage structures, and a gymnasium that had the possibility of being used for other reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lbb.texas.gov/Documents/Publications/School_Performance_Review/SPR/santag/santagertrudis.pdf|title=Santa Gertrudis Independent School District|publisher=State of Texas Legislative Budget Board|access-date=2024-03-09|pages=109–110}}</ref> The district now has a new campus designed by [[PBK Architects]].<ref name=PBK>{{cite web|url=https://pbk.com/project/santa-gertrudis-school/|title=Santa Gertrudis School|publisher=[[PBK Architects]]|access-date=2024-03-09}}</ref>

Under Texas law, the Santa Gertrudis ISD area is in the boundary of [[Coastal Bend College]] (referred to in legislation under its former name, "Bee County College").<ref>[https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.130.htm Texas Education Code,Sec. 130.167.  BEE COUNTY COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.]</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[Edna Ferber]]'s novel ''Giant'', which was turned into a film of the same [[Giant (1956 film)|name]], takes place on King Ranch. The film and novel depict several events in the ranch's history, such as the discovery of [[Petroleum|oil]] on the property.

''Forever Texas'', the 2022 historical western novel by bestselling authors [[William W. Johnstone]] and J.A. Johnstone, is based on the true story of the founding of King Ranch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forever Texas |url=https://www.kensingtonbooks.com/9781496735348/forever-texas/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Kensington Books Publishing |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the [[James Michener]] novel ''[[Centennial (novel)|Centennial]]'', the Venneford Ranch was said to be patterned after the King Ranch.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

The [[historical fiction]] novel ''Lords of the Land'' by [[Matt Braun]] is based on the King Ranch and its founder, although names and some circumstance have been altered.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

A cowboy's perspective on the King Ranch subsidiary in Australia, the cattle station [[Brunette Downs Station|Brunette Downs]], is captured in the 2012 autobiography by Nick Campbell-Jones ''Don't Die Wondering''. Campbell-Jones was a [[Jackaroo (trainee)|jackaroo]] (Australian cowboy) who started at Brunette Downs in 1963 and worked his way up to overseer and assistant manager before leaving in 1975.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell-Jones |first1=Nick |title=Don't Die Wondering |date=2012 |publisher=Self Published |location=Australia |isbn=978-0646-58686-1 |pages=200 |edition=First |url=http://www.biblioz.com/NCJ-DDW/ |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203326/http://www.biblioz.com/NCJ-DDW/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|National Register of Historic Places|Texas}}
*[[Anna Creek Station]]
*[[List of ranches and stations]]
*[[List of the largest stations in Australia]]

==Footnotes==
* {{note|Lea_p2}}Lea, p.&nbsp;2: For King's biographical details, Lea cites Richard King's sworn deposition before F.J. Parker, U.S. Commissioner, Eastern District of Texas, April 11, 1870, filed with the U.S. and Mexican Claims Commission, Washington, D.C., August 30, 1870.—''Records of Boundary and Claims Commission and Arbitrations, Claims vs. Mexico - 1868, Claim No. 579, RG 76 GSA, National Archives and Records Services, Washington, D.C.''{{ref|Lea, p423}}
* {{note|Lea_p128-9}}Lea, pp128–9. Notes from the King Ranch vault in Henrietta King's handwriting.
* {{note|Lea_p147_note22}},{{note|Lea_p147_note23}}: Reminiscences by Henrietta King to members of her family.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* John Cypher, ''Bob Kleberg and the King Ranch: A Worldwide Sea of Grass'', {{ISBN|978-0-292-71187-7}}
* Don Graham, ''The Kings of Texas: The 150-Year Saga of an American Ranching Empire'', {{ISBN|0-471-39451-3}}
* Groves, Helen Kleberg (April 2017), ''Bob and Helen Kleberg of King Ranch.'' San Antonio, Texas: Trinity University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-595-34817-3}}
* Tom Lea (1957), ''The King Ranch''. Two volumes. 838 pages. Index. Maps and drawings by the author. Boston: Little, Brown. Library of Congress catalog card:57-7839

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{official website|https://www.king-ranch.com/}}
*{{Handbook of Texas|id=apk01|name=King Ranch}}
*{{Handbook of Texas|id=qfp01|name=Battle of Palimito Ranch}}
*[https://www.ustrek.org/odyssey/semester1/110800/110800stephking.html Four generations of Kineños: 1854-1980]
*[https://www.texasarchive.org/library/index.php?title=The_Texas_Experience_-_Waylon_Jennings_Presents_the_King_Ranch The Texas Experience - Waylon Jennings Presents the King Ranch], from the Texas Archive of the Moving Image

{{National Register of Historic Places in Texas|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:King Ranch}}
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