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{{short description|Color motion picture process}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
[[File:G. A. Smith, Two Clowns.jpg|thumb|A frame from George Albert Smith<nowiki>'s early colour film ''Two Clowns''</nowiki> ({{c.|1907}})]]
'''Kinemacolor''' was the first successful [[Color motion picture film|colour motion picture process]]. Used commercially from 1909 to 1915, it was invented by [[George Albert Smith (filmmaker)|George Albert Smith]] in 1906.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US941960A|title=Kinematograph apparatus for the production of colored pictures|gdate=1909-11-30|invent1=Smith|inventor1-first=George Albert|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US941960/en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Smith |url=http://www.brianpritchard.com/GB190626671A.pdf |title=Improvements in, and relating to, Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures - British patent 26,607 |date=25 July 1907}}</ref> It was a [[RG color space|two-colour]] [[additive colour]] process, photographing a black-and-white film behind alternating red/orange and blue/green filters and projecting them through [[RG color space|red and green]] filters.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=I colori ritrovati. Kinemacolor e altre magie. / Kinemacolor And Other Magic |publisher=Edizioni Cineteca di Bologna |year=2017 |isbn=978-8899196417 |pages=}}</ref> It was demonstrated several times in 1908 and first shown to the public in 1909. From 1909 on, the process was known and trademarked as '''Kinemacolor''' and was marketed by [[Charles Urban]]'s [[Natural Color Kinematograph Company]], which sold Kinemacolor licences around the world.

==Process==

[[Edward Raymond Turner]] produced the oldest surviving colour films around 1902. They were made through three-colour alternating-filters. Turner's process, for which Charles Urban had provided financial backing, was adapted by [[George Albert Smith (filmmaker)|George Albert Smith]] after Turner's sudden death in 1903 into Kinemacolor.<ref name=":3">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19423951 "World's First Colour Film Discovered", BBC News (12 September 2012)]</ref> Smith was also influenced by the work of [[William Norman Lascelles Davidson]].<ref name="vc">{{cite news |title=William Norman Lascelles Davidson |publisher=[[Who's Who of Victorian Cinema]] |url=http://www.victorian-cinema.net/davidson.htm |access-date=2007-10-31 |quote=... Although his work was ultimately unsuccessful, it played its part in influencing the development of Kinemacolor, the world's first successful natural colour motion picture system, invented by Davidson's neighbour in the English south coast town of Southwick, near Brighton, G.A. Smith. ...}}</ref> He was granted a patent for the Kinemacolor process in 1907.

"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures" published by [[Funk & Wagnalls]] in 1917 notes the following:

{{Blockquote|Of the many attempts to produce cinematograph pictures... the greatest amount of attention so far has been attracted by a system invented by George Albert Smith, and commercially developed by Charles Urban under the name of "Kinemacolor". In this system (to quote from ''Cassell's Cyclopædia of Photography'', edited by the editor of this present book), only two colour filters are used in taking the negatives and only two in projecting the positives. The camera resembles the ordinary cinematographic camera except that it runs at twice the speed, taking thirty-two images per second instead of sixteen, and it is fitted with a rotating colour filter in addition to the ordinary shutter. This filter is an aluminium skeleton wheel... having four segments, two open ones, G and H; one filled in with red-dyed gelatine, E F; and the fourth containing green-dyed gelatine, A B. The camera is so geared that exposures are made alternately through the red gelatine and the green gelatine. [[Panchromatic film]] is used, and the negative is printed from in the ordinary way, and it will be understood that there is no colour in the film itself.<ref>[http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/oldcolor/kinemacolor-book1.htm Widescreen Museum]</ref>}}To shoot Kinemacolor films, cameramen had to choose between a variety of red/orange and blue/green filters depending on the subject. Despite this, the films were projected through a single set of red and green filters.<ref name=":1" /> Modern research has matched the red projection filter to ''25 Sunset Red'' (with a peak transmission above 610[[Nanometre|nm]]) and the green projection filter to ''122 Fern Green'' (with a peak of around 510 to 540&nbsp;nm).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Recreating Kinemacolor on the Screen |url=http://www.brianpritchard.com/Recreating%20Kinemacolor%20on%20the%20Screen.htm |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.brianpritchard.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LEE 025 Sunset Red – Colour Filters & Gels |url=https://leefilters.com/colour/025-sunset-red/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=LEE Filters |date=October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LEE 122 Fern Green – Colour Gel for Lighting |url=https://leefilters.com/colour/122-fern-green/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=LEE Filters |date=October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> Projected frame rate was also confirmed to be between 30 and 32 frames per second.<ref name=":0" />

Kinemacolor faced several issues, including its inability to reproduce the full color spectrum due to being a two-colour process. Other issues included eye strain and frame parallax because it used a successive frame process, as well as the need for a special projector. The color filters absorbed so much light that studios had to be built open-air.<ref name=":2" />

==Premiere==
[[File:Coronation Drill at Reedham Orphanage 1911 Kinemacolor.webm|thumb|''Coronation Drill at [[Reedham Orphanage]]'' (1911)]]At the press opening of the Urbanora House in London on 1 May 1908, [[Charles Urban]] presented Kinemacolor films which he stated were not taken with the intention to be shown in front of an audience. A second demonstration in England took place once again in the Urbanora House on 23 July 1908, in front of the [[John Charles Bell|Lord Mayor of London]] as well as 60 other guests. Kinemacolor was shown in Paris on 8 July 1908, featuring a film of the Grand Prix motor race taken the previous day. Among the guests were the [[Auguste and Louis Lumière|Lumière brothers]], inventors of the [[Autochrome Lumière|autochrome]] color photography process. George Albert Smith presented Kinemacolor before the [[Royal Society of Arts]] on 9 December 1908.

On 26 February 1909, the general public first saw Kinemacolor in a programme at the [[Palace Theatre, London|Palace Theatre]] in London. By this time, the process was known as Kinemacolor, a suggestion from Arthur Binstead, a journalist at ''[[Sporting Life (British newspaper)|Sporting Life]]'', after Urban offered a £5 prize to anyone who could come up with a name. The programme consisted of 21 films mainly shot around [[Brighton]] and the [[French Riviera]].<ref name=":2" />

On 6 July 1909, George Albert Smith presented a programme of 11 Kinemacolor films at [[Knowsley Hall]] before King [[Edward VII]] and Queen [[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra]]. The films included military subjects as well as a party at Knowsley Hall and the King himself. Edward was pleased with the films.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anonymous |date=July 1909 |title=Animated Pictures in Natural Colours. |url=https://filmcolors.org/timeline-entry/1214/#/infobox/36761 |journal=The BioScope |volume=144}}</ref>

The process was first seen in the United States on 11 December 1909, at an exhibition staged by Smith and Urban at [[Madison Square Garden (1890)|Madison Square Garden]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|author=urbanora |url=http://bioscopic.wordpress.com/2008/06/15/colourful-stories-no-11-kinemacolor-in-america |title=Colourful stories no. 11 – Kinemacolor in America « The BioScope |publisher=Bioscopic.wordpress.com |date=2008-06-15 |access-date=2014-02-26}}</ref>

==Success and decline==
In 1909, Urban, who had acquired the Kinemacolor patent from Smith, formed the [[Natural Color Kinematograph Company]], which produced most Kinemacolor films. Urban sold Kinemacolor licences around the world through the Natural Color Kinematograph Company. Outside of the United Kingdom, the only successful Kinemacolor companies were located in Japan and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural Color Kinematograph Company Limited 1909 - 1915 |url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/cp126815/natural-color-kinematograph-company-limited |website=Science Museum Group}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=McKernan |first=Luke |title=A Yank in Britain: The Lost Memoirs of Charles Urban |publisher=Projection Box |year=1999 |isbn=9780952394129}}</ref>[[File:With Our King and Queen Through India.webm|thumb|Fragment from ''[[With Our King and Queen Through India]]'' (1912)]]

The Natural Color Kinematograph Company produced ''[[The Funeral of King Edward VII]]'' (1910), the first notable Kinemacolor film which proved to be a financial success. That year, the company released the first dramatic film made in the process, ''By The Order of Napoleon''. In 1911, the [[Scala Theatre]] became Urban's flagship venue for showing Kinemacolor films, which included ''From Bud to Blossom'' (1910), ''Unveiling of the Queen Victoria Memorial'' (1911), [[Coronation of George V and Mary|''Coronation of George V'']] (1911), ''The Investiture of The Prince of Wales'' (1911). The company also produced the [[documentary film]]s ''[[With Our King and Queen Through India]]'' (1912) and the notable recovery of £750,000 worth of gold and silver bullion from the wreck of P&O's [[SS Oceana (1888)|SS ''Oceana'']] in the [[Strait of Dover]] (1912). The dramas ''[[The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1914 film)|The World, the Flesh and the Devil]]'' (1914), and ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1914) were among the last feature films released in Kinemacolor.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=McKernan |first=Luke |title=Charles Urban: Pioneering the Non-Fiction Film in Britain and America, 1897-1925 |publisher=University of Exeter Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-0859892964}}</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q123741350|title=Salvage Operations of S.S. Oceana|description=Produced by the Natural Colour Kinematograph Co., Brighton}}</ref>

Kinemacolor enjoyed the most commercial success in the UK where, between 1909 and 1918, it was shown at more than 250 entertainment venues. Kinemacolor was popular with members of the [[British royal family]]. [[Pope Pius X]] saw Kinemacolor films in 1913.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Victoria Jackson, "The Distribution and Exhibition of Kinemacolor in the UK and the USA 1909–1916" (University of Bristol, 2011).</ref>

The Natural Color Kinematograph Company re-purchased the French rights for Kinemacolor. In 1913, Urban built the [[Théâtre Édouard VII|Théâtre Edouard VII]] in Paris for the purpose of showing Kinemacolor, but the process remained commercially unsuccessful in France.

In April 1910, the [[Kinemacolor Company of America]] was formed, which initially relied on showing British Kinemacolor films. They filmed ''The Clansman'' in 1911, based on the [[The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan|controversial novel of the same name]] by [[Thomas Dixon Jr.|Thomas Dixon]]. The film was finished and never released or left unfinished,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stokes |first=Melvyn |title=D.W. Griffith's the Birth of a Nation |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780198044369}}</ref> and inspired D. W. Griffith to produce ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1915). The Kinemacolor Company of America produced several narrative and documentary films, such as ''Making of The Panama Canal'' (1912) and ''[[The Scarlet Letter (1913 film)|The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1913). The company had studios in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] from 1912 until 1913 and ceased production in 1915.

The Japanese Kinemacolor rights were acquired by the [[Fukuhōdō]] film studio in 1910 and were passed on to Toyo Shokai. [[Emperor Taishō]] was presented with a three-hour long Kinemacolor programme in August 1913. Two months later, the first Kinemacolor programme was shown in [[Tokyo]]. Toyo Shokai reformed itself as [[Tennenshoku Katsudō Shashin|Tenkatsu]] in March 1914 and produced primarily fiction films. With World War I film stock became more expensive, so the company limited production of Kinemacolor films. The last Japanese film produced in Kinemacolor was ''Saiyûki Zokuhen'' (1917).
[[File:1912 Balkan War Kinemacolor.jpg|thumb|Frame from the Kinemacolor film ''Balkan War Scenes'' (1912), filmed by James Scott Brown and [[Frederic Villiers]] during the [[First Balkan War]].]]
In 1913, after years of dispute, [[William Friese-Greene]], inventor of the rival Biocolour system, challenged Smith's Kinemacolor patent at the [[Royal Courts of Justice]]. Although the court initially favoured Kinemacolor, the original verdict was overturned in March 1914. Consequently, Kinemacolor lost not only its patent protection but its commercial value and exclusivity. 

Urban liquidated the Natural Color Kinematograph Company in order to protect the shareholders. He took the case to the [[House of Lords]] and continued the company as Color Films Ltd., which produced the documentary ''[[With The Fighting Forces of Europe]]'' during [[World War I]]. In April 1915, the House of Lords upheld the Court of Appeal's decision and the patent was revoked.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=24 June 1915 |title=Film Releases |url=https://lantern.mediahist.org/catalog/bioscope-1915-05_0740 |journal=The Bioscope}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kindem |first=G |date=1981 |title=The Demise of Kinemacolor. Technological, Legal, Economic, and Aesthetic Problems in Early Color Cinema History. |url=https://filmcolors.org/timeline-entry/1214/#/infobox/36844 |journal=Cinema Journal |volume=20 |issue=2|pages=3–14 |doi=10.2307/1224830 |jstor=1224830 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Charles Urban filmed the British fleet in Kinemacolor for the documentary film ''[[Britain Prepared]]'' in late 1915. Most Kinemacolor films are now considered [[Lost film|lost]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surviving Kinemacolor |url=https://www.charlesurban.com/films_kinemacolor.html |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Charles Urban}}</ref>

With his associate Henry W. Joy, Charles Urban continued his research in colour cinematography and developed a process called Kinekrom, an improved version of Kinemacolor. Kinekrom was shown to the public in New York in November 1916. The process was intended to enable Urban to continue showing his vast library of old Kinemacolor films. However, public interest for Kinemacolor had faded and there were few screenings.<ref name=":2" />

The first (additive) version of [[Prizma|Prizma Color]], developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U.S. from 1913 to 1917, used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor.

==List of films made in Kinemacolor==
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2023}}
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2019}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* ''The Adopted Child'' (1911)
* "Advance Styles of Ostrich Plumage" (1911)
* ''[[Aldershot]] Views'' (1912)
* ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1914)
* ''[[Alpes-Maritimes]] – Cascade de Courmes'' (1912)
* ''The [[Alps]]'' (1913)
* ''An American Invasion'' (1913)
* ''The Amorous Doctor'' (1911)
* ''Artillery Drill at [[West Point]]'' (1910)
* ''[[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]]'' (1912)
* ''The Baby'' (1910)
* ''A Balkan Episode'' (1911)
* ''Band of Queen's Highlanders'' (1909)
* "Barnyard Pets" (1910)
* "Beads of the World" (1911)
* ''Big Waves at [[Brighton]]'' (1912)
* "The Birth of a Flower" (1910)
* ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1911, uncompleted)
* ''Biskra and the [[Sahara]] Desert'' (1910)
* ''The Blackmailer'' (1911)
* ''Boys Will Be Boys'' (1911)
* "Britain Prepared" (1915)
* ''Brown's German Liver Cure'' (1911)
* ''The Bully'' (1910)
* ''The Burglar as Father Christmas'' (1911)
* ''Burial of the [[USS Maine (ACR-1)|Maine]]'' (1912)<ref>The New York ''Times'', 2 April 1912: 24. {{ProQuest|<!-- add ProQuest data here -->}} ("Display Ad 28 – No Title").</ref>
* ''Butterflies'' (1913)
* ''By Order of Napoleon'' (1910)
* ''By the Side of the [[Zuyder Zee]]'' (1912)
* ''Caesar's Prisoners'' (1911)
* ''[[Cairo]] and the Nile'' (1912)
* ''The Call of the Blood'' (1913)
* ''The Cap of Invisibility'' (1912)
* ''Carnival at [[Nice]]'' (1914)
* ''Carnival in [[Ceylon]]'' (1913)
* ''Carnival Scenes at [[Nice]] and [[Cannes]]'' (1909)
* ''Cart Horse Parade – May 31 – [[Regent's Park]]'' (1912)
* ''Castles in the Air'' (1912)
* ''Cat Studies'' (1908)
* ''Charles Barnold's Dog and Monkey'' (1912)
* ''Checkmated'' (1911)
* "The Chef's Preparations" (1910)
* ''Children Forming United States Flag at [[Albany, New York|Albany]] Capitol'' (1912)
* ''Children's Battle of Flowers at [[Nice]]'' (1909)
* "Choice Bouquets" (1910)
* ''Choosing the Wallpaper'' (1910)
* ''A Christmas Spirit'' (1912)
* ''Church Parade of the 7th Hussars and 16th Lancers'' (1909)
* ''A Cingalese Fishing Village in [[Ceylon]]'' (1913)
* ''A Citizeness of Paris'' (1911)
* ''The Clown's Sacrifice'' (1911)
* ''Coney Gets the Glad Eye'' (1913)
* ''Coney as a Peacemaker'' (1913)
* ''Coronation of [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]'' (1911)
* ''The Coster's Wedding'' (1910)
* ''The Crusader'' (1911)
* ''Dandy Dick of [[Bishopsgate]]'' (1911)
* "A Day at Henley" (1911)
* ''A Detachment of Gordon Highlanders'' (1909)
* ''Detective Henry and the Paris Apaches'' (1911)
* ''A Devoted Friend'' (1911)
* ''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' (1913 British)
* ''Egypt'' (1910)
* ''Elevating an Elephant'' (1913)
* ''An Elizabethan Romance'' (1912)
* ''Entertaining Auntie'' (1913)
* ''Esther: A Biblical Episode'' (1911)
* ''The Explorers'' (1913)
* ''The Fall of Babylon'' (1911)
* ''Farm Yard Friends'' (1910)
* ''Fate'' (1911)
* "Feeding Poultry at Prowse Jones Farm" (1911)
* ''Fifty Miles from Tombstone'' (1913)
* ''The Fisherman's Daughter'' (1911)
* ''Floral Fiends'' (1910)
* ''The Flower Girl of Florence'' (1911)
* ''Following Mother's Footsteps'' (1911)
* ''For the Crown'' (1911)
* "Forces of Europe" (1914)
* "Fording the River" (1910)
* ''A French Duel'' (1911)
* "The Freshwater Aquarium" (1911)
* ''From Bud to Blossom'' (1910)
* ''From Factory Girl to Prima Donna'' (1911)
* ''The Funeral of [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]'' (1910)
* ''[[Galileo]]'' (1911)
* ''A Gambler's Villainy'' (1912)
* ''Ganges at Benares'' (1913)
* "Gems and Jewels" (1911)
* ''The General's Only Son'' (1911)
* ''George V's Visit to [[Ireland]]'' (1911)
* ''Gerald's Butterfly'' (1912)
* ''Girl Worth Having'' (1913)
* ''Gladioli'' (1913)
* ''Grape vineyards in Piedmont, Italy'' (1914)
* "The Harvest" (1908)
* ''Haunted Otter'' (1913)
* ''[[Hiawatha]]'' (1913)
* ''A Highland Lassie'' (1910)
* ''The Highlander'' (1911)
* ''His Brother's Keeper'' (1913)
* ''His Conscience'' (1911)
* ''His Last Burglary'' (1911)
* ''The House That Jack Built'' (1913)
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQSJKCkZ8sI How to Live 100 Years]'' (1913)
* ''The Hypnotist and the Convict'' (1911)
* ''Ice Cutting on the [[St. Lawrence River]]'' (1912)
* ''In [[Golliwogg|Gollywog]] Land'' (1912)
* ''In the Reign of Terror'' (1911)
* ''Inaugurazione del [[St. Mark's Campanile|Campanile di San Marco]], [[Venice]]'' (1912)
* ''Incident on [[Brighton]] Beach'' (1909)
* ''Indiens sur le terrain M. A. A. A.'' (1910)
* ''The Inventor's Son'' (1911)
* ''The Investiture of the [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Prince of Wales]] at [[Caernarfon|Caernarvon]]'' (1911)
* ''Italian Flower and Bead Vendors'' (1912)
* ''Italy'' (1910)
* ''[[Jack and the Beanstalk]]'' (1912)
* ''[[Jane Shore]]'' (1911)
* ''Japan'' (1913)
* ''Johnson at the Wedding'' (1911)
* ''Julius Caesar's Sandals'' (1911)
* "Khartoum and his Natives" (1911)
* ''Kinemacolor Fashion Gazette'' (1913)
* ''Kinemacolor Panama Pictures'' (1913)
* ''Kinemacolor Photo Plays'' (1913)
* ''Kinemacolor Puzzle'' (1909)
* ''Kinemacolor Songs'' (1911)
* ''The King and Queen on Their Way to Open the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]'' (1912)
* ''The King of Indigo'' (1911)
* ''Kitty the Dressmaker'' (1911)
* ''Lady Beaulay's Necklace'' (1911)
* ''[[Lake Garda]] Northern Italy'' (1910)
* ''Launch of the S.S. Olympic'' (1912)
* ''The Letter'' (1909)
* ''Liquors and Cigars'' (1910)
* ''The Little Daughter's Letter'' (1911)
* ''Little Lady Lafayette'' (1911)
* ''[[Little Lord Fauntleroy (1914 film)|Little Lord Fauntleroy]]'' (1914)
* ''The Little Picture Producer'' (1914)
* ''The Little Wooden Soldier'' (1912)
* ''The London Fire Brigade'' (1910)
* ''London Zoological Gardens'' (1910)
* ''Lost Collar Stud'' (1914)
* ''The Lost Ring'' (1911)
* ''Love and War in Toyland'' (1913)
* ''Love Conquers'' (1911)
* ''Love in a Cottage'' (1911)
* ''Love of Riches'' (1911)
* ''Love Story of Charles II'' (1911)
{{col-2}}
* ''Love's Strategy'' (1911)
* ''A Lucky Escape'' (1911)
* ''The Lust for Gold'' (1912)
* ''Magic Ring'' (1911)
* ''The Making of the [[Panama Canal]]'' (1912)
* "Man's Best Friends" (1911)
* ''The Marble Industry at [[Carrara]] Italy'' (1913)
* "Mephisto" (1912)
* ''A Merry Monarch'' (1913)
* ''The Mighty Dollar'' (1912)
* ''The Millionaire's Nephew'' (1911)
* ''The Minstrel King'' (1912)
* ''Miscellaneous Flowers'' (1914)
* ''Mischievous Puck'' (1911)
* ''Mission Bells'' (1913)
* ''Modelling Extraordinary'' (1912)
* ''A Modern Hero'' (1911)
* ''The Modern Pygmalion and Galatea'' (1911)
* ''Motor and Yacht Boating in England'' (1910)
* ''Music Hath Charms'' (1911)
* ''Mystic Manipulations'' (1911)
* ''A Narrow Escape'' (1913)
* ''[[Nathan Hale]]'' (1913)
* ''Natural Color Portraiture'' (1909)
* ''Naval Review at [[Spithead]]'' (1910)
* ''[[Nell Gwynn]] the Orange Girl'' (1911)
* "New York Autumn Fashions" (1912)
* "Niagara Falls" (1912)
* ''Nobility'' (1912)
* ''A Noble Heart'' (1911)
* ''Normal Melbourne'' (1912)
* ''[[Lake Nubia|Nubia]], [[Wadi Halfa]] and the Second Cataract'' (1911)
* ''[[Oedipus Rex]]'' (1911)
* ''Ofia, the Woman Spy'' (1912)
* ''The Old Guitar'' (1912)
* ''The Old Hat'' (1910)
* ''[[Oliver Cromwell]]'' (1911)
* ''Only a Woman'' (1912)
* ''Other People's Children'' (1913)
* "Out Gem of a Cook" (1910)
* ''Pageant of [[New Romney]], [[Hythe, Kent|Hythe]], and [[Sandwich, Kent|Sandwich]]'' (1910)
* ''Pagsanjan Falls'' (1911)
* ''Paris Fashions'' (1913)
* ''The Passions of an Egyptian Princess'' (1911)
* ''The Peasants and the Fairy'' (1911)
* ''Performing Elephants'' (1913)
* ''Phil Rees' Stable Lads'' (1912)
* ''Picking Strawberries'' (1910)
* ''[[Pisa]] Italy'' (1913)
* ''[[Pompeii]]'' (1912)
* ''[[Great Falls of the Potomac River|Potomac Falls Virginia]]'' (1910)
* ''The Power of Prayer'' (1913)
* ''The Priest's Burden'' (1911)
* ''The Princess of Romana'' (1913)
* ''The Rabbits-Sheep-Carrots for the Donkey'' (1909)
* ''Rambles in Paris'' (1913)
* ''Reaping'' (1909)
* ''The Rebel's Daughter'' (1911)
* "Refreshments" (1910)
* ''Representatives of the British Isles'' (1909)
* ''Reptiles'' (1912)
* ''Review of Troops by [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]]'' (1910)
* ''Revues des Boy Scouts a [[Montreal]]'' (1910)
* ''The Richmond Horse Show'' (1910)
* ''The Rivals'' (1913)
* ''Riviera Coast Scenes'' (1909)
* ''Riviera Fisher Folk'' (1909)
* ''[[Robin Hood (1913 film)|Robin Hood]]'' (1913)
* ''A Romance of the Canadian Wilds'' (1910)
* ''Romani the Brigand'' (1912)
* ''Royal Ascot'' (1912)
* ''A Run with the [[Exmoor]] Staghounds'' (1912)
* ''Sailing and Motor Boat Scenes at [[Southwick, West Sussex|Southwick]]'' (1909)
* ''[[Samson and Delilah (1911 film)|Samson and Delilah]]'' (1911)
* ''[[Santa Claus (1912 film)|Santa Claus]]'' (1913)
* ''[[Saved From the Titanic]]'' (1912) (only two scenes were filmed in Kinemacolor)
* ''[[The Scarlet Letter (1913 film)|The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1913)
* ''Scenes a [[Montreal]] comprenant le [[Gymkhana]]'' (1910)
* ''Scenes in [[Algeria]]'' (1910)
* "Scenes in Cornwall" (1910)
* ''Scenes on the Mediterranean'' (1913)
* ''A Scrap of Paper'' (1913)
* ''A Seaside Comedy'' (1912)
* ''The Silken Thread'' (1911)
* ''Simpkin's Dream of a Holiday'' (1911)
* ''Small Game at the Zoo'' (1912)
* "The Smallest Barque in the World" (1911)
* ''Soldiers' Pet'' (1909)
* ''[[Spreewald]]'' (1913)
* ''St. John the Baptist'' (1912)
* ''Stage Struck'' (1913)
* ''Steam'' (1910)
* "The Story of Napoleon" (1910)
* ''The Story of the Orange'' (1913)
* ''The Story of the Wasp'' (1914)
* ''Strange Mounts'' (1912)
* ''Suffragette's Parade in [[Washington, D.C.]]'' (1913)
* ''The Sugar Industry of [[Jamaica]]'' (1913)
* ''Sunset on the Nile'' (1913)
* "Sunsets of Egypt" (1912)
* ''Swank and the Remedy'' (1911)
* ''Swans'' (1909)
* ''Sweet Flowers'' (1909)
* ''[[Tartans of Scottish Clans]]'' (1906)
* ''Telemachus'' (1911)
* ''Three Cape Girls'' (1912)
* ''The Tide of Fortune'' (1912)
* ''[[Theodore Roosevelt]]'' (1912)
* ''There Is a God'' (1913)
* ''Tobogganing in Switzerland'' (1913)
* ''[[La Tosca]]'' (1911) with [[Lillian Russell]] based on the play by [[Victorien Sardou]]
* ''A Tragedy of the Olden Times'' (1911)
* ''[[Trilby]] and Svengali'' (1911)
* ''A Trip Up [[Mount Lowe (California)|Mount Lowe]] USA'' (1913)
* ''A True Briton'' (1912)
* ''Two Can Play at the Same Game'' (1911)
* ''The Two Chorus Girls'' (1911)
* ''Two Christmas Hampers'' (1911)
* ''Two Clowns'' (1906)
* ''The Two Rivals'' (1912)
* ''Uncle's Picnic'' (1911)
* ''The Unveiling of the [[Victoria Memorial (London)|Queen Victoria Memorial]]'' (1911)
* ''The Vandal Outlaws'' (1912)
* "Varieties of Sweet Peas" (1911)
* ''[[Venice]] and the [[Grand Canal of Venice|Grand Canal]]'' (1910)
* ''The Vicissitudes of a Top Hat'' (1912)
* ''View of [[Brighton]] Front'' (1909)
* ''A Visit to [[Aldershot]]'' (1909)
* ''[[A Visit to the Seaside]]'' (1908)
* ''Visite de son Altesse Royale le Duc de Connaught a [[Montreal]]'' (1910)
* ''Voyage de [[Liverpool]] a [[Vancouver]] via [[Montreal]]'' (1910)
* ''Washington's Home and Grounds at [[Mount Vernon (plantation)|Mount Vernon]]'' (1910)
* ''Water Carnival at [[Villefranche-sur-Mer]]'' (1909)
* ''Waves and Spray'' (1909)
* ''[[William Howard Taft]]'' (1912)
* ''[[William Tell]]'' (1914)
* ''Winter in [[Moscow]]'' (1913)
* ''Winter Sports at [[Åre Municipality|Are]]'' (1913)
* ''[[With Our King and Queen Through India]]'' (''The Durbar at Delhi'') (1912)
* "With the Fighting Forces of Europe" (1914)
* ''The Wizard and the Brigands'' (1911)
* ''[[Woman Draped in Patterned Handkerchiefs]]'' (1908)
* ''[[The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1914 film)|The World, the Flesh and the Devil]]'' (1914)
* ''Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura'' (Japan, 1914)
* ''An Expression'' (Japan, 1935)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animation.filmarchives.jp/en/works/view/71582|title = An Expression &#124; Details of the work &#124; Japanese Animated Film Classics}}</ref>
{{col-end}}

==See also==
* [[List of color film systems]]
* [[List of film formats]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* Kinemacolor on ''[http://zauberklang.ch/filmcolors/timeline-entry/1214/ Timeline of Historical Film Colors]'', with primary and secondary sources, patents, and photographs of historical film prints.
* [http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/special/kinemacolor-taft.htm Kinemacolor frames of William Howard Taft].
* "[https://books.google.com/books?id=7a8EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA105 My Impressions of 'Kinemacolor']", ''Wilson's Photographic Magazine'', 1912.
* "[https://books.google.com/books?id=NzW1zWsl-2cC&pg=RA1-PA297 Animation in Natural Colours]", ''Moving Pictures'', 1912.
* "[https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-rbsc_catalogue-kinemacolor_ColgateIXNaturalColor-17612/mode/2up Catalogue of Kinemacolor film subjects]", ''Catalogue of Kinemacolor films'', 1913.
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[[Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1908]]
[[Category:History of film]]
[[Category:Motion picture film formats]]
[[Category:Film and video technology]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]