View source for Kim Campbell

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Canada in 1993}}
{{for-multi|the American military pilot|Kim Campbell (pilot)|the fictional British television character|Kim Campbell (Waterloo Road)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = Kim Campbell
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CC|OBC|KC|size=100%}}
| image               = Kim Campbell.jpg
| alt                 = 
| caption             = Campbell in 2012
| order               = 19th
| office              = Prime Minister of Canada
| monarch             = [[Elizabeth II]]
| governor_general    = [[Ray Hnatyshyn]]
| deputy              = [[Jean Charest]]
| term                = <!--refer to MOS:DATERANGE before changing this template-->{{start and end dates|1993|06|25|1993|11|04}}
| predecessor         = [[Brian Mulroney]]
| successor           = [[Jean Chrétien]]
| office1             = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada#Party leaders|Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]]
| term1               = {{start and end dates|1993|06|13|1993|12|14}}
| predecessor1        = Brian Mulroney
| successor1          = [[Jean Charest]]
| office2             = [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|Minister of National Defence]]
| primeminister2      = Brian Mulroney
| term2               = {{start and end dates|1993|01|04|1993|06|25}}
| predecessor2        = [[Marcel Masse]]
| successor2          = [[Tom Siddon]]
| office3             = [[Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Veterans Affairs]]
| primeminister3      = Brian Mulroney
| term3               = {{start and end dates|1993|01|04|1993|06|25}}
| predecessor3        = [[Gerald Merrithew]]
| successor3          = [[Peter McCreath]]
| office4             = [[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada|Minister of Justice and Attorney General]]
| primeminister4      = Brian Mulroney
| term_start4         = February 23, 1990
| term_end4           = January 3, 1993
| predecessor4        = [[Doug Lewis (politician)|Doug Lewis]]
| successor4          = [[Pierre Blais]]
| office5             = [[Minister of state (Canada)|Minister of State (Indian Affairs and Northern Development)]]
| primeminister5      = Brian Mulroney
| minister5           = [[Pierre Cadieux]]
| term_start5         = January 30, 1989
| term_end5           = February 22, 1990
| predecessor5        = [[Bernard Valcourt]]
| successor5          = [[Shirley Martin]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary constituencies
 |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| riding6    = [[Vancouver Centre]]
| parliament6         = Canadian
| term_start6         = November 21, 1988
| term_end6           = October 25, 1993
| predecessor6        = [[Pat Carney]]
| successor6          = [[Hedy Fry]]
| constituency_AM7    = [[Vancouver-Point Grey]]
| assembly7           = British Columbia Legislative
| term_start7         = September 24, 1986
| term_end7           = November 21, 1988
| alongside7          = [[Darlene Marzari]]
| predecessor7        = {{plainlist|
* [[Pat McGeer]]
* [[Garde Gardom]]
}}
| successor7         = [[Tom Perry (politician)|Tom Perry]]{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
| birth_name          = Avril Phaedra Douglas Campbell
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1947|3|10}}
| birth_place         = [[Port Alberni]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
| party               = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (since 2003)
| otherparty          = {{plainlist|
* [[Non-Partisan Association|NPA]] (1980–1986)
* [[British Columbia Social Credit Party|BC Social Credit]]<br />(1983–1988)
* [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] (1988–2003)
}}
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|diplomat|lawyer|writer}}   
| spouse              = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Nathan Divinsky]]|1972|1983|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Howard Eddy|1986|1993|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Hershey Felder]]|1997}}
}}
| alma_mater          = {{plainlist|
* [[University of British Columbia]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
* [[London School of Economics]]
}}
| signature           = Kim Campbell Signature.svg
}}

'''Avril Phaedra Douglas''' "'''Kim'''" '''Campbell''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CC|OBC|KC}} (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician who was the 19th [[prime minister of Canada]] from June to November 1993. Campbell is the [[List of the first women holders of political offices in North America|first and only female]] prime minister of Canada. Prior to becoming the final [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] (PC) prime minister, she was also the first woman to serve as [[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada|minister of justice]] in Canadian history and the first woman to become minister of defence in a [[NATO]] member state.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 19, 2021|title=Biographical notes: Independent Advisory Board members|work=Prime Minister of Canada |url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/backgrounders/2021/02/19/biographical-notes-independent-advisory-board-members|access-date=January 20, 2022}}</ref>

Campbell was first elected to the [[British Columbia Legislative Assembly]] as a member of the [[British Columbia Social Credit Party]] in 1986 before being elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada]] as a PC in 1988. Under Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]], she occupied numerous cabinet positions including [[Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada|minister of justice and attorney general]], [[Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)|minister of veterans affairs]] and [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|minister of national defence]] from 1990 to 1993. Campbell became the new prime minister in June 1993 after Mulroney resigned in the wake of declining popularity. In the [[1993 Canadian federal election]] in October of that year, the Progressive Conservatives were decimated, losing all but two seats from a previous majority, with Campbell losing her own. Her 132-day premiership is the third-shortest in Canadian history.{{efn|See [[List of prime ministers of Canada]]. The two prime ministers with shorter times in office were [[Charles Tupper]] in 1896 and [[John Turner]] in 1984. [[Arthur Meighen]] also served a shorter time in 1926, but his total time was longer including his first term in 1920–1921.}}

Campbell was also the first [[baby boomer]] to hold the office, as well as the only prime minister born in [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Skard |first=Torild |date=2014 |chapter=Kim Campbell |title=Women of Power – Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide |location=Bristol |publisher=Policy Press |isbn=978-1-44731-578-0}}</ref> She was the chairperson for the Canadian [[Supreme Court of Canada|Supreme Court]] advisory board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/kim-campbell-to-chair-supreme-court-advisory-board/ |title=Kim Campbell to chair Supreme Court advisory board |date=August 2, 2016 |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |work=[[Maclean's]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release| url=http://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2017/07/17/prime-minister-announces-advisory-board-select-next-supreme-court-justice| title=Prime Minister announces Advisory Board to select next Supreme Court Justice| date=July 17, 2017| publisher=[[Government of Canada]]}}</ref>

==Early life==
Campbell was born in [[Port Alberni]], British Columbia, the daughter of Phyllis "Lissa" Margaret (née Cook; 1923–2013) and George Thomas Campbell (1920–2002), a barrister who had served with [[the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada]] in Italy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/timescolonist/obituary.aspx?n=lissa-vroom&pid=169415553|title=Lissa Vroom's Obituary |work=The Times Colonist |date=January 31, 2014 |access-date=March 15, 2018 |via=legacy.com}}</ref> Her father was born in [[Montreal]], to Scottish parents from [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZz213hdj3EC&q=%22George+Thomas+Campbell%22&pg=PA205|title=Lords of the North|last1=McDonell|first1=James K.|last2=Campbell|first2=Robert Bennett|date=1997|publisher=General Store Publishing House|isbn=9781896182711}}{{page needed|date=September 2022}}</ref>

While she was in her preteens, Campbell and her family moved to [[Vancouver]]. Campbell was one of five co-hosts and reporters on the [[CBC Television|CBC]] children's program ''[[Junior Television Club]]'', which aired in May and June 1957.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/introducing-avril-campbell | title=Introducing Avril Campbell – Kim Campbell, First and Foremost | work=CBC Archives | access-date=June 6, 2015 | archive-date=May 14, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514204134/https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/introducing-avril-campbell | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Her mother left when Campbell was 12, leaving Kim and her sister Alix to be raised by their father. As a teenager, Campbell nicknamed herself Kim. In Vancouver, Campbell attended [[Prince of Wales Secondary School]] and was a top student. She became the school's first female student president, and graduated in 1964.

==University and early career==
Campbell earned an honours bachelor's degree in political science from the [[University of British Columbia]], graduating in 1969. She was active in the student government and served as the school's first female president of the freshman class. She then completed a year of graduate study at that school, to qualify for doctoral-level studies.<ref>Campbell, ''Time And Chance,'' 1996, pp. 17–23.</ref> Campbell entered the [[London School of Economics]] in 1970 to study towards her doctorate in Soviet government and spent three months touring the [[Soviet Union]] from April to June 1972. She had spent several years studying the [[Russian language]] and claimed she was nearly fluent,<ref>Campbell, ''Time and Chance,'' 1996, pp. 26–37</ref> although when asked to say a few words of welcome by a reporter to [[Boris Yeltsin]] during his visit to Canada in 1993, she could not and could only say "Hello Mr. Yeltsin".<ref>{{cite AV media |date=2000 |title=Kim Campbell Through the Looking Glass |medium=video |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/kim_campbell_through_the_looking_glass/ |access-date=April 28, 2018 |time=24:00 |publisher=National Film Board}}</ref> Campbell ultimately left her doctoral studies, returning to live in Vancouver after marrying [[Nathan Divinsky]], her longtime partner, in 1972. She earned an [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]] from the University of British Columbia in 1983. She was [[Call to the bar|called]] to the British Columbia [[bar (law)|Bar]] in 1984, and practised law in Vancouver until 1986.

==Family and early political career==
During her marriage to Divinsky, Campbell lectured part-time in political science at the University of British Columbia and at [[Vancouver Community College]]. While still attending law school, she entered politics as a trustee on the [[Vancouver School Board]], becoming, in 1983, the chair of that board and serving in 1984 as its vice-chair. She once claimed to have told the board to "back off", although others alleged that she said "fuck off".<ref>Donaldson, p. 354.</ref> In total, she was a trustee there from 1980 to 1984. Campbell and Divinsky were divorced in 1983, and Campbell married Howard Eddy in 1986, a marriage that lasted until shortly before she became prime minister. Campbell is the second prime minister of Canada to have been divorced, after [[Pierre Trudeau]].

She briefly dated [[Gregory Lekhtman]], the inventor of Exerlopers, during her term as prime minister, but the relationship was relatively private and she did not involve him in [[1993 Canadian federal election|the 1993 election campaign]]. 

She is currently married to [[Hershey Felder]], an actor, playwright, composer, and concert pianist.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kimcampbell.com/node/24 |title=Biography |website=kimcampbell.com |access-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-date=April 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429210629/http://www.kimcampbell.com/node/24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  As of 2022, she lived outside Florence, Italy.<ref>Steve Paikin, "On her birthday, here’s to Canada’s first female PM," TVO Today, March 10, 2022.</ref>

==Provincial politics==
Campbell was the unsuccessful [[British Columbia Social Credit Party]] candidate in [[Vancouver Centre (provincial electoral district)|Vancouver Centre]] for a seat in the [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]] in 1983, receiving 12,740 votes (19.3% in a double-member riding). She then briefly worked in the office of Premier [[Bill Bennett]]. Campbell ran unsuccessfully for the [[British Columbia Social Credit Party leadership elections#1986 leadership convention|leadership of the Social Credit party the summer of 1986]] (placing last with 14 votes from delegates), but was elected in October 1986 to the British Columbia Legislative Assembly as a Social Credit member for [[Vancouver-Point Grey]], getting 19,716 votes (23.2%, also in a double-member riding). Consigned to the [[backbench]]es, she became disenchanted with Premier [[Bill Vander Zalm]]'s leadership and broke with him and Social Credit over the issue of [[abortion]], which Vander Zalm opposed. Campbell decided to leave provincial politics and enter federal politics.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kim-campbell/ |title=Kim Campbell |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=June 25, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629000036/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kim-campbell/ |archive-date=June 29, 2017}}</ref>

==Federal politics==
Campbell was elected in the [[1988 Canadian federal election|1988 federal election]] as the member of Parliament (MP) for [[Vancouver Centre]]. She won the party nomination after the incumbent, [[Pat Carney]], declined to stand for renomination. In 1989, Campbell was appointed to the cabinet as [[Minister of State (Canada)|minister of state]] (Indian affairs and northern development), a junior role to the [[Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations|minister of Indian and northern affairs]].  From 1990 to 1993, she held the post of [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|minister of justice and attorney general]], overseeing notable amendments to the [[Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]] in the areas of firearms control and sexual assault.  In 1990, following the [[Supreme Court of Canada|Supreme Court]]'s decision to invalidate the country's abortion law, Campbell was responsible for introducing Bill C-43 to govern [[Abortion in Canada|abortions in Canada]]. Although it passed the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]], it failed to pass the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]], leaving Canada with no national law governing abortions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/prime-ministers/kim-campbell-first-and-foremost/defending-bill-c-43.html |title=Kim Campbell defends Bill C-43 |work=CBC Archives |access-date=January 14, 2014 |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227053119/https://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/prime-ministers/kim-campbell-first-and-foremost/defending-bill-c-43.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theinterim.com/politics/kim-campbell-bill-c-43-is-woman’s-entitlement/ |title=Kim Campbell: Bill C-43 is woman's entitlement |work=The Interim |date=May 31, 1990 |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref>
 
In 1993, Campbell was transferred to the posts of [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)|minister of national defence]] and [[Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)|minister of veterans affairs]]. Notable events during her tenure included dealing with the controversial issue of [[Canadian Sea King replacement|replacing shipborne helicopters for the navy]] and for search-and-rescue units. The actions by [[Canadian Airborne Regiment]] in the scandal known as the [[Somalia Affair]] also first emerged while Campbell was minister.<ref>[http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/politics/Prime%20Ministers/Kim%20Campbell.html Canadian History].  Retrieved January 13, 2014 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707143849/http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/politics/Prime%20Ministers/Kim%20Campbell.html |date=July 7, 2018 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/primeministers/h4-3480-e.html ''Campbell – First Among Equals'', Library and Archives Canada].  Retrieved January 13, 2014 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129222525/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/primeministers/h4-3480-e.html |date=November 29, 2019 }}</ref> When the Liberal Party of Canada took power, the incident became the subject of a lengthy public inquiry, continuing to focus attention on Campbell and the PCs, but with significant blame being placed with the military's, not government's, leadership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Toronto Sun |date=19 January 2020 |title=LOOK BACK: 25 years since Somalia affair stained Canada's reputation |url=https://torontosun.com/news/national/look-back-25-years-since-scandal-led-to-airborne-regiment-being-disbanded}}</ref>

===David Milgaard===
Upon assumption of the Justice portfolio, Campbell was handed the petition for a new trial in the case of [[David Milgaard]], a man who had been [[wrongful conviction|wrongfully convicted]] for murder in 1970 and spent decades trying to clear his name before being exonerated in 1993. In her autobiography, ''[[Time and Chance (Kim Campbell)|Time and Chance]],'' Campbell wrote that she came under "considerable pressure" from the public and was "bombarded with questions from the media and [from opposition MPs] in Question Period" about the case before she was even officially assigned to Milgaard's petition to direct a new trial in the case.<ref name="Campbell2017">{{cite book |last1=Cambell |first1=Kim |title=Time and Chance: The Political Memoirs of Canada's First Woman Prime Minister |date=2017 |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=978-1521108178 |edition= Fourth}}{{page needed|date=September 2022}}</ref> She said that her decision was delayed by Milgaard's legal team's repeated addition of new submissions to the appeal, which she was not allowed to review until all such submissions were complete.<ref name="Campbell2017"/> In mid-January 1991, she informed Milgaard's legal team that evidence was insufficient to grant the petition.<ref name="Campbell2017"/> When later Mulroney was confronted by Milgaard's mother, he had "saluted her courage and determination and ... show[n] his concern for her son's health", which "blindsided" and "floored" Campbell and was interpreted by media and some MPs as evidence that the prime minister had taken sides in the case.<ref name="Campbell2017"/> Campbell says she "told the press [that] Mulroney was much too good a lawyer to intervene improperly" and "never breathed a word" to her about it, nor did anyone in his office attempt to influence her decision.<ref name="Campbell2017"/> Despite this, she wrote, Milgaard's mother "is convinced he did, and the media accepted this view," which made it difficult for her to convince others that her officials were motivated solely by "a desire to make the right decision."<ref name="Campbell2017"/>

==Prime Minister (June–November 1993)==
[[File:President Bill Clinton News Conference With Prime Minister Kim Campbell of Canada (42-WHPO-P05407-03-1).jpg|thumb|Campbell speaking with then U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]] at a news conference during the [[19th G7 summit|G7 Summit]] in [[Tokyo]], July 1993.]]
Mulroney entered 1993 facing a statutory federal election. By then, his popularity had markedly declined, and polls suggested that the Tories would be heavily defeated if he led them into that year's election. In February 1993, Mulroney announced his retirement from politics, to take effect after his successor had been chosen. Campbell entered the party leadership race to succeed Mulroney. Campbell had served in four cabinet portfolios prior to running for the party leadership, including three years as minister of justice, and garnered the support of more than half the PC caucus when she declared for the leadership.

She defeated [[Jean Charest]] at the [[1993 Progressive Conservative leadership election|Progressive Conservative leadership convention]] that June, and Governor General [[Ray Hnatyshyn]] appointed her prime minister on June 25. As a concession to Charest, Campbell appointed him to the posts of [[Deputy Prime Minister of Canada|deputy prime minister]] and [[Minister of Industry, Science and Technology (Canada)|minister of industry, science, and technology]]—the first largely symbolic, and the second a significant cabinet portfolio position.

After becoming party leader and prime minister, Campbell set about reorganizing the cabinet. She cut it from 35 to 23 ministers; she consolidated ministries by creating three new ministries: Health, Canadian Heritage, and Public Security. Campbell extensively campaigned during the summer, touring the nation and attending barbecues and other events. In August 1993, a [[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]] Canada poll showed Campbell as having a 51% approval rating, which placed her as Canada's most popular prime minister in 30 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/15/world/campbell-though-liked-may-not-win-in-canada.html |title=Campbell, Though Liked, May Not Win in Canada |last=Farnsworth |first=Clyde H. |work=The New York Times |date=October 15, 1993 |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Orlando Sentinel|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1993/08/17/female-leader-of-canada-is-the-most-popular-in-30-years/|title=Female Leader of Canada Is the Most Popular in 30 Years|date=August 17, 1993 |access-date=June 22, 2010|archive-date=November 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104171317/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-08-17/news/9308170734_1_first-female-prime-gallup-campbell|url-status=live}}</ref> By the end of the summer, her personal popularity had increased greatly, far surpassing that of [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] leader [[Jean Chrétien]].<ref>Woolstencroft 15.</ref> Support for the Progressive Conservative Party had also increased to within a few points of the Liberals, while the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]] had been reduced to single digits.

Campbell was the first Canadian prime minister not to have resided at [[24 Sussex Drive]] since that address became the official home of the prime minister of Canada in 1951. Mulroney remained at 24 Sussex while renovations on his new home in Montreal were being completed. Campbell instead took up residence at [[Harrington Lake]], the PM's summer and weekend retreat, located in rural Quebec, north of Ottawa, and she did not move into 24 Sussex after Mulroney left.

===1993 federal election===
{{Main|1993 Canadian federal election}}

Campbell waited as long as she could before asking Hnatyshyn to dissolve Parliament on September 8, only weeks before Parliament was due to expire. The [[1993 Canadian federal election|election]] was scheduled for October 25, the latest date it could be legally held under Section 4 of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]].

The Progressive Conservatives (PCs) were optimistic that they would be able to remain in power, and if not, would at least be a strong [[opposition (parliamentary)|opposition]] to a Liberal [[minority government]].

====Campaign====
Campbell's initial popularity declined after the election was called. When she was running for the party leadership, Campbell's frank honesty was seen as an important asset and a sharp contrast from Mulroney's highly polished style. However, this backfired when she told reporters at a [[Rideau Hall]] event that the deficit or unemployment was unlikely to be much reduced before the "end of the century". During the election campaign, she further stated that discussing a complete overhaul of Canada's social policies in all their complexities could not be done in just 47 days; this statement was reduced to her having stated that an election is no time to discuss important issues.

The PCs' support tailed off as the campaign progressed. By October, polls showed the Liberals were well on their way to at least a minority government, and would probably win a majority without dramatic measures. Even at this point, Campbell was still considerably more popular than Liberal leader Jean Chrétien.  In hopes of stemming the tide, the PC campaign team put together a [[1993 Chrétien attack ad|series of ads attacking the Liberal leader]]. The second ad appeared to mock Chrétien's [[Bell's palsy]] facial paralysis and generated a severe backlash from the media,<ref>CBC News, CBC. October 15, 1993. Television</ref> with some PC candidates calling for the ad to be pulled from broadcasts. Campbell disavowed direct responsibility for the ad and claimed to have ordered it off the air over her staff's objections.<ref>Donaldson, p. 367.</ref>

During the campaign, the PC support plummeted into the tens, while the Liberals, the Reform Party, and the [[Bloc Québécois]] gained in the [[Opinion polling for the 1993 Canadian federal election|polls]]. This assured that the Liberals would win a majority government.

====Election defeat====
On election night, October 25, the PCs were swept from power in a Liberal [[landslide victory|landslide]]. Campbell herself was defeated in Vancouver Centre by rookie Liberal [[Hedy Fry]]. She conceded defeat with the remark, "Gee, I'm glad I didn't sell my car."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIuq1E7liq0C&dq=%22Gee%2C+I%27m+glad+I+didn%27t+sell+my+car.%22&pg=PA276 |last=McLaughlin |first=David |title=Poisoned Chalice: The Last Campaign of the Progressive Conservative Party? |location=Toronto |publisher=Dundurn Press |date=1994 |page=276|isbn=9781554882663 }}</ref>

It was only the third time in Canadian history that a prime minister lost his or her own riding at the same time that his or her party lost an election (the first two times both happened to [[Arthur Meighen]], who lost his seat in 1921 and then again in 1926). The PC caucus was reduced to two seats compared to Reform's 52 and the Bloc's 54. All PC Members of Parliament running for re-election lost their seats, with the lone exception of Jean Charest, who was also the only surviving member of Campbell's cabinet. Charest was joined by the newly elected [[Elsie Wayne]]. The PCs' previous support largely bled to the Liberals in Atlantic Canada and Ontario, while Reform inherited virtually all of the former Tory support in the West. The Bloc Québécois inherited most soft-nationalist Tory support in [[Quebec]], and in some cases pushed cabinet ministers from Quebec into third place.

The PCs still finished with over two million votes, taking third place in the popular vote, and falling only two percentage points short of Reform for second place. However, as a consequence of the [[first-past-the-post voting]] system, PC support was not concentrated in enough areas to translate into victories in individual ridings. It was the worst showing in party history, and the worst defeat ever suffered by a Canadian governing party at the federal level. Like [[Charles Tupper]] and [[John Turner]], Campbell never faced a Parliament during her brief tenure, as her term was filled by the summer break and the election campaign.

Some have pointed to gender inequality as a major contributing factor to her historic loss. [[University of New Brunswick]] professor Joanna Everitt writes that while the media simply reported the facts about rival male leaders such as Jean Chrétien, Campbell's actions were usually interpreted as having some motive (drawing up support, appealing to a group, etc.)<ref>{{cite news|first=Joanna |last=Everitt |title=Uncovering the Coverage: Gender Biases in Canadian Political Reporting |publisher=Media Awareness Network |url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/gender_portrayal/uncovering_coverage.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217055204/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/gender_portrayal/uncovering_coverage.cfm |archive-date=February 17, 2010 }}</ref>

Additionally, Mulroney left office as one of the most (and according to Campbell, ''the'' most)<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/25/weekinreview/25word.html?ex=1285300800&en=32d7b3545e99910a&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | work=The New York Times | title=Canada Still Has Mulroney to Kick Around | first=Clifford | last=Krauss | date=September 25, 2005 | access-date=May 7, 2010}}</ref> unpopular prime ministers since opinion polling began in the 1940s. He considerably hampered his own party's campaign effort by staging a very lavish international farewell tour at taxpayer expense, and by delaying his retirement until only {{frac|2|1|2}} months were left in the Tories' five-year mandate.

Canadian humourist [[Will Ferguson]] suggested that Campbell should receive "some of the blame" for her party's losses, but that "taking over the party leadership from Brian (Mulroney) was a lot like taking over the controls of a 747 just before it plunges into the Rockies".<ref>{{cite book |first=Will |last=Ferguson |title=Bastards and Boneheads: Canada's Glorious Leaders Past and Present |location=Vancouver/Toronto |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |date=1999 |page=284}}</ref>

On December 13, 1993, Campbell resigned as party leader; Jean Charest succeeded her. Due to the brevity of her tenure as both prime minister (less than four months) and federal MP (less than six years), Campbell did not qualify for a prime ministerial or even a federal parliamentary pension.<ref name="Frequently asked questions: Members of Parliament Pension Plan">{{cite web |title=Frequently asked questions: Members of Parliament Pension Plan |date=November 3, 2015 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/pension-plan/pension-publications/reports/administration-members-parliament-retiring-allowances-act-report/frequently-asked-questions-changes-members-parliament-pension-plan.html |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=September 24, 2021}}</ref><ref name="The House of Commons and Its Members - Remuneration, Pensions and Entitlements">{{cite web |title=The House of Commons and Its Members - Remuneration, Pensions and Entitlements |url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/marleaumontpetit/DocumentViewer.aspx?Sec=Ch04&Seq=13 |publisher=Parliament of Canada |access-date=September 24, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Kim Campbell on Twitter">{{cite tweet |first=Kim |last=Campbell |url=https://twitter.com/akimcampbell/status/1082179251607093248?lang=en |title=FWIW I do not receive a parliamentary or prime ministerial pension. |user=AKimCampbell |number=1082179251607093248 |date=January 7, 2019 |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref>

==Post-political career==
Despite her dramatic loss in the election, Canadian women's magazine ''[[Chatelaine (magazine)|Chatelaine]]'' named Campbell as its Woman of the Year for 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1314-e.html|title=ARCHIVED - Kim Campbell - Themes - Government - Celebrating Women's Achievements - Library and Archives Canada|website=www.collectionscanada.gc.ca|access-date=March 15, 2018|archive-date=April 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401052929/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1314-e.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>  She published an autobiography, ''[[Time and Chance (Kim Campbell)|Time and Chance]],'' ({{ISBN|0-770-42738-3}}) in 1996. The book became a Canadian bestseller and is in its third edition from the University of Alberta Bookstore Press ({{ISBN|000010132X}}).

She was briefly rumoured to be sent to [[Moscow]] as the ambassador to Russia,<ref name="desb">{{citation |last=Desbarats |first=Peter |title=Somalia cover-up: A commissioner's journal |date=1997 |page=243}}</ref> but in 1996, Campbell was appointed [[consul general]] to [[Los Angeles]] by the Chrétien government, a post in which she remained until 2000. While she was there, she collaborated with her husband, composer, playwright, and actor Hershey Felder, on the production of a musical, ''Noah's Ark''.

From 1999 to 2003, she chaired the [[Council of Women World Leaders]], a network of women who hold or have held the office of president or prime minister. She was succeeded by former Irish president [[Mary Robinson]]. From 2003 until 2005, she served as president of the [[International Women's Forum]], a global organization of women of prominent achievement, with headquarters in [[Washington, DC]]. From 2001 to 2004, she was with the [[Center for Public Leadership]] and lectured at the [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]] at [[Harvard University]]. She has served as a director of several publicly traded companies in high technology and biotechnology and currently sits on the board of Athenex, a biopharmaceutical company that had its initial public offering on June 14, 2017, and trades under the ticker symbol ATNX.

Campbell chaired the steering committee of the [[World Movement for Democracy]] from 2008 to 2015. She served on the board of the [[International Crisis Group]], a non-government organization (NGO) that aims to prevent and resolve deadly conflicts. She served on the board of the [[Forum of Federations]], the [[EastWest Institute]], and is a founding trustee of [[The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence]] at [[King's College London]]. She was a founding member of the [[Club de Madrid]], an independent organization whose main purpose is to strengthen democracy in the world. Its membership is by invitation only and consists of former heads of state and government. At different times, Campbell has served as its interim president, vice president, and from 2004 to 2006, its [[secretary general]]. Campbell was the founding chair of the International Advisory Board of the Ukrainian [[Foundation for Effective Governance]], an NGO formed in September 2007 with the aid of businessman [[Rinat Akhmetov]].<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/shimon-peres-takes-part-in-foundation-for-effective-governance-launch-in-kiev-56794017.html "Shimon Peres talks, via video conference, of strong relationship between Israel and Ukraine"]. Reuters, February 4, 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2015. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502010338/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/shimon-peres-takes-part-in-foundation-for-effective-governance-launch-in-kiev-56794017.html |date=May 2, 2015 }}</ref>

During the [[2006 Canadian federal election|2006 election campaign]], Campbell endorsed the candidacy of Tony Fogarassy, the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] candidate in Campbell's former riding of Vancouver Centre; Fogarassy went on to lose the election, placing a distant third. At that time, Campbell also clarified to reporters that she was a supporter of the new Conservative Party (formed in 2003 as a result of a merger of the [[Canadian Alliance]] with the party that Campbell had formerly led, the Progressive Conservatives); however, she later clarified in 2019 that she had, in fact, never joined the Conservative Party as an official member.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/powerandpolitics/kim-campbell-calls-tory-climate-plan-a-sop-1.5189496|title=Former PM Campbell rips Scheer's climate plan|work=[[CBC News]]|last=Haws|first=Emily|date=June 25, 2019|access-date=June 26, 2019}}</ref>

While testifying in April 2009 at the Mulroney–Schreiber [[Airbus affair|Airbus inquiry]], Campbell said she still followed Canadian politics "intermittently".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/626328 |title=Beatty baffled by millions in Bear Head lobby fees |work=[[Toronto Star]] |last=Brennan |first=Richard |date=April 29, 2009 |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref>

In April 2014, Campbell was appointed the founding principal of the new Peter Lougheed Leadership College at the [[University of Alberta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.ualberta.ca/newsarticles/2014/april/former-pm-to-lead-the-way-at-peter-lougheed-leadership-college |title=Former PM to lead the way at Peter Lougheed Leadership College |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425003325/http://news.ualberta.ca/newsarticles/2014/april/former-pm-to-lead-the-way-at-peter-lougheed-leadership-college |archive-date=April 25, 2014 |publisher=University of Alberta |date=April 15, 2014 |last=Alary |first=Bryan}}</ref>

She has appeared on the [[CBC Television]] program ''[[Canada's Next Great Prime Minister]]'', a show that profiles and selects young prospective leaders, and has also been an occasional panellist on ''[[Real Time with Bill Maher]]''.

On August 2, 2016, Liberal prime minister [[Justin Trudeau]] announced that Campbell had agreed to chair a seven-person committee to prepare a short list of candidates to succeed [[Thomas Cromwell (jurist)|Thomas Cromwell]] on the [[Supreme Court of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/kim-campbell-to-chair-supreme-court-advisory-board/ |title=Kim Campbell to chair Supreme Court advisory board |work=Maclean's |agency=The Canadian Press |date=August 2, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref> In mid-October 2016, the committee announced that it would recommend the appointment of [[Malcolm Rowe]] to the court, and he was sworn in on October 31 as the first Supreme Court justice to hail from [[Newfoundland and Labrador]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/malcolm-rowe-sworn-in-supreme-court-canada-1.3829187|title=Malcolm Rowe sworn in to seat on Supreme Court of Canada|work=CBC News|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref>

In August 2019, Campbell faced controversy when she said that she hoped that [[Hurricane Dorian]] would directly hit U.S. president [[Donald Trump]]'s [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate in [[Florida]]. The President's son [[Eric Trump|Eric]] responded to Campbell, saying that his family was "rooting for the safety" of those impacted by the hurricane. Campbell soon deleted the tweet and apologized for the remarks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/kim-campbell-apologizes-for-tweet-rooting-for-hurricane-to-hit-trump-resort-1.4572394|title = Kim Campbell apologizes for tweet 'rooting' for hurricane to hit Trump resort|date = August 30, 2019 |last=O'Brien |first=Cilian |work=CTV News |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/former-pm-kim-campbell-apologizes-for-tweet-rooting-for-hurricane-dorian-to-hit-trumps-mar-a-lago-resort |access-date=January 7, 2022 |title=Ex-PM Kim Campbell apologizes for tweet 'rooting' for Hurricane Dorian to hit Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort |newspaper=National Post | date=August 30, 2019 | first=Tyler |last=Dawson }}</ref>

Campbell courted controversy on [[Twitter]] by claiming that female newscasters who expose their "arms" on TV are taken less seriously,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/kim-campbell-sleeveless-dresses-1.4533465|title=Kim Campbell calls sleeveless dresses 'demeaning' for TV broadcasters |work=CBC News|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref> despite having once posed with bare shoulders herself in a famously suggestive photograph.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/canadians-carried-away-by-ministers-bare-shoulders-a-provocative-picture-may-help-kim-campbell-1453125.html|title=Canadians carried away by minister's bare shoulders: A provocative picture may help Kim Campbell become leader of her country |last=Windsor |first=Hugh |date=April 4, 1993|work=The Independent|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref>

Campbell revealed to ''[[Maclean's]]'' in 2019 that she could not survive in the Conservative Party. She said: "It's too intolerant; it's too right-wing."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/brian-mulroney-from-scandal-adjacent-elitist-to-magnanimous-statesman/|title=Brian Mulroney: From scandal-adjacent elitist to magnanimous statesman |work=Maclean's |last=Kingston |first=Anne |date=February 19, 2019 |access-date=November 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112214043/https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/brian-mulroney-from-scandal-adjacent-elitist-to-magnanimous-statesman/|archive-date=November 12, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> She later argued after the [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019 federal election]] that Conservative leader [[Andrew Scheer]] was untrustworthy, stating "He's hard to trust, and that's really it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ipolitics.ca/2019/10/28/scheers-problem-not-social-views-but-that-hes-hard-to-trust-says-former-pm-campbell/|title=Scheer's problem not social views but that he's 'hard to trust,' says former PM Campbell|first1=Charlie |last1=Pinkerton |date=October 28, 2019|website=iPolitics|access-date=November 16, 2019}}</ref>

In September 2022, Campbell attended [[Elizabeth II]]'s [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|state funeral]], along with other former Canadian prime ministers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-delegation-to-queen-elizabeth-funeral-1.6584284|title=Prime minister, Governor General to be joined by Indigenous leaders at Queen's funeral|website=[[CBC.ca]]|first=Darren|last=Major|date=September 15, 2022|access-date=September 19, 2022}}</ref>

On the eve of [[International Women's Day]] in March 2024, Campbell revealed on the "Beyond a Ballot" podcast that while she believes that there are good people in the Conservative Party, she could not support current leader, [[Pierre Poilievre]], because she believes that he is a "liar and a hate-monger".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ballingall |first=Alex |date=2024-03-08 |title='He's a liar and a hate-monger': Former prime minister Kim Campbell slams Pierre Poilievre |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/hes-a-liar-and-a-hate-monger-former-prime-minister-kim-campbell-slams-pierre-poilievre/article_e2877ba4-dd7f-11ee-8333-9f91ab07a4a1.html |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Toronto Star |language=en}}</ref>

==Legacy==
{{BLP sources section|date=March 2015}}
As justice minister, Campbell brought about a [[Sexual assault#Canada|new sexual assault law]] that clarified sexual assault and whose passage firmly entrenched that in cases involving sexual assault, "no means ''no''". She also introduced the [[rape shield law]], legislation that protects a person's sexual past from being explored during trial. Her legacy of supporting sexual victims has been confirmed through her work with the Peter Lougheed Leadership College at the University of Alberta, where the inaugural cohort of scholars proposed that the college immediately implement mandatory education regarding sexual assault for students, which Campbell readily accepted.<ref>{{Citation|first=Erin |last=Nelson|title=Peter Lougheed Leadership College - Forum 2 Vodcast - Sexual Assault|date=April 29, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09vfUrDYFYo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/09vfUrDYFYo |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live|access-date=March 15, 2018 |via=youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://panow.com/article/612890/women-canadian-politics-look-ahead-possible-female-us-president|title=Women in Canadian politics look ahead to possible female U.S. president|date=November 7, 2016|work=paNOW|access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref>

Since Parliament never sat during Campbell's four months as a prime minister,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Files/Parliament.aspx?Item=d7a27573-9899-4e0b-b87d-83a4753ed864&Language=E|title=ParlInfo Has Moved|website=www.parl.gc.ca}}</ref> she was unable to bring forth new legislation, which must be passed by Parliament. She did implement radical changes, though,  to the structure of the Canadian government. Under her tenure, the federal cabinet's size was cut from over 35 cabinet ministers and ministers of state to 23. This included the redesign of eight ministries and the abolition or merging of 15 others.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/26/world/kim-campbell-takes-oath-as-canada-s-prime-minister.html|title=Kim Campbell Takes Oath As Canada's Prime Minister|last=Farnsworth|first=Clyde H.|access-date=March 15, 2018|work=The New York Times|date=June 26, 1993 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=25&mbtpid=1|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation|publisher=Government of Canada Privy Council Office|access-date=March 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305010614/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/dtail.asp?lang=eng&mstyid=25&mbtpid=1|archive-date=March 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Chrétien government retained these new ministries when it took office.  The number of cabinet committees was reduced from 11 to five. Her successors have continued to keep the size of the federal cabinet to about 30 members. She was also the first prime minister to convene a First Ministers' conference for consultation prior to representing Canada at the [[G7]] Summit. Due to her brief time in office, Campbell holds a unique spot among Canadian prime ministers in that she made no [[Senate of Canada|Senate]] appointments.

Campbell harshly criticized Mulroney for not allowing her to succeed him before June 1993. In her view, when she became prime minister, she had very little time or chance to make up ground on the Liberals once her initial popularity faded. In her memoirs, ''Time and Chance'', and in her response to ''[[The Secret Mulroney Tapes]],'' Campbell suggested that Mulroney knew the Tories would be defeated in the upcoming election, and wanted a "scapegoat who would bear the burden of his unpopularity" rather than a viable successor. The cause of the 1993 debacle remains disputed, with some arguing that the election results were a vote against Mulroney rather than a rejection of Campbell, and others suggesting that the poorly run Campbell campaign was the key factor in the result.

Although the Progressive Conservatives survived as a distinct political party for another decade after the 1993 debacle, they never recovered their previous standing. During that period they were led by [[Jean Charest]] (1993–1998), [[Elsie Wayne]] (1998) and then, for the second time, by [[Joe Clark]] (1998–2003) (who had been [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|opposition leader]] and briefly prime minister 20 years earlier). By 2003, the party under new leader [[Peter MacKay]] had voted to merge with the [[Canadian Alliance]] to form the [[Conservative Party of Canada]], thus ceasing to exist, despite MacKay having promised not to pursue a merger. Joe Clark continued to sit as a "Progressive Conservative" into 2004. The new generation of right-leaning Conservatives gained power in the election of 2006, ensuring the "Tory" nickname's survival in the federal politics of Canada. A PC "rump" caucus continued to exist in the Senate of Canada (consisting of certain Clark, Mulroney and [[Paul Martin]] appointees); [[Elaine McCoy]] of Alberta was the last Progressive Conservative Senator, redesignating herself as an "Independent Progressive Conservative" in 2013 before launching the [[Independent Senators Group]] in 2016.

Campbell remains one of the youngest women to have ever assumed the office of Prime Minister in any country, and thus also one of the youngest to have left the office.

Campbell was ranked number 20 out of the first 20 prime ministers of Canada (through [[Jean Chrétien]]) by a survey of 26 Canadian historians used by [[Jack Granatstein|J. L. Granatstein]] and [[Norman Hillmer]] in their 1999 book ''Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders''. A follow-up article co-authored by Hillmer alongside Stephen Azzi in 2011 for ''Maclean's'' magazine broadened the number of historians surveyed; in this new survey of over 100 Canadian historians, Campbell again finished last, this time coming at number 22 out of Canada's first 22 prime ministers (through [[Stephen Harper]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/2011/06/10/canadas-best-prime-ministers/|title=Canada's best prime ministers|date=June 10, 2011|work=[[Maclean's]]|access-date=March 15, 2018 |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |last2=Azzi |first2=Stephen}}</ref> A 2016 follow-up poll by the same team, now expanded to cover the first 23 prime ministers (through Justin Trudeau), again ranked Campbell last.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hillmer |first1=Norman |last2=Azzi |first2=Stephen |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/ranking-canadas-best-and-worst-prime-ministers/ |title=Ranking Canada's best and worst prime ministers |work=Maclean's |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=June 22, 2017}}</ref>

In 2004, she was included in the list of 50 most important political leaders in history in the ''Almanac of World History'' compiled by the [[National Geographic Society]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/campbell-among-most-important-leaders-1.508015 |title=Campbell among 'most important' leaders |work=CBC News |date=April 10, 2004 |access-date=September 1, 2022}}</ref> She was cited for her status as the only woman [[head of government]] of a [[North America#Definitions|North American country (defined variously)]], but controversy ensued among academics in Canada over the merit of this honour since her brief term in office was marked by very few, if any, major political accomplishments.

On November 30, 2004, Campbell's official portrait for the parliamentary prime minister's gallery was unveiled. The painting was created by [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], BC artist [[David Goatley (artist)|David Goatley]]. Campbell said she was "deeply honoured" to be the only woman to have her picture in the prime ministers' corridor, stating: "I really look forward to the day when there are many other female faces." The painting shows a pensive Campbell sitting on a chair with richly coloured [[Haida people|Haida]] capes and robes in the background, symbolizing her time as a cabinet minister and as an academic.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kim-campbell-s-official-portrait-unveiled-in-ottawa-1.505997 |title = Kim Campbell's official portrait unveiled in Ottawa |access-date = January 28, 2015 |work = CBC News | date=December 1, 2004}}</ref>

==Honours==

<div style="text-align: center;">
[[File:Order of Canada (CC) ribbon bar.svg|110px]] [[File:Order British Columbia ribbon bar.svg|110px]]
<br />
[[File:Canada125 ribbon.png|110px]] [[File:QEII Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|110px]] [[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|110px]]
<br />
</div>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
|+ Honours
|-  style="background:silver; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Ribbon
! scope="col" | Description
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|[[File:Order of Canada (CC) ribbon bar.svg|80px]]
! scope="row" | Companion of the [[Order of Canada]] (C.C.)
| 
* Awarded on April 10, 2008; and
* Invested on September 3, 2010 <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients|title=Recipients|first=Office of the Secretary to the Governor|last=General|date=June 11, 2018|website=The Governor General of Canada|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Order British Columbia ribbon bar.svg|80px]]
! scope="row" | Member of the [[Order of British Columbia]] (O.B.C.)
| 
* 2012 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://orderofbc.gov.bc.ca/2012-recipient-the-right-honourable-a-kim-campbell-vancouver/|title=2012 Recipient: The Right Honourable A. Kim Campbell – Vancouver : Order of BC|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Canada125 ribbon.png|80px]]
! scope="row" | [[125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal]]
|
* 1993
* As a member of [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada]] and an elected Member of the [[House of Commons of Canada]], the then Honourable Kim Campbell was awarded the medal as a member of the [[Canadian order of precedence]].<ref name="The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General">{{cite web|url=http://gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=9047&t=12&ln=Martin|title=The Governor General of Canada|author=The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General|access-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:QEII Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|80px]]
! scope="row" | [[Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal]] for Canada
|
*  2002
* As a member of [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada]] and as a former [[Prime Minister of Canada]], the Right Honourable Kim Campbell was awarded the medal as a member of the [[Canadian order of precedence]].<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|80px]]
! scope="row" | [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]] for Canada
|
* 2012
* As a member of [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada]], as a former [[Prime Minister of Canada]], and having been awarded the [[Order of Canada]], the Right Honourable Kim Campbell was awarded the medal as a member of the [[Canadian order of precedence]].<ref name="auto"/>
|}

According to Canadian protocol, as a former Prime Minister, she is styled "[[The Right Honourable]]" for life.
*Appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on [[Canada Day]] 2008<ref>{{Canadian honour|Type=orc|ID=4573|accessdate=May 26, 2010}}</ref>
* Member of the Board, [[Forum of Federations]].

==Scholastic==

''' Chancellor, visitor, governor, and fellowships'''

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! style="width:20%;"| Location
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| School
! style="width:20%;"| Position
|-
| {{Flagu|Massachusetts}} || '''2001{{spaced ndash}}''' || Center for Public Leadership [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]] at [[Harvard University]] || [[Honorary title (academic)|Honorary Fellow]]<ref name="ualberta.ca">{{cite web|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/lougheed-leadership-college/about-us/kim-bio|title=Biography: Rt. Hon. Kim Campbell &#124; Peter Lougheed Leadership College|website=www.ualberta.ca|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref> 
|-
| {{Flagu|England}} || '''{{spaced ndash}}''' || [[London School of Economics]] || [[Honorary title (academic)|Honorary Fellow]]  <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/LSEServices/governanceAndCommittees/honoraryFellows.aspx|title=LSE Honorary Fellows - Governance and committees - Services and divisions - Staff and students - Home|first=Dan|last=Bennett|website=www.lse.ac.uk|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref> 
|-
| {{Flagu|Ontario}} || '''{{spaced ndash}}''' || [[Munk School of Global Affairs]] at the [[University of Toronto]] || [[Honorary title (academic)|Distinguished Senior Fellow]]  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://munkschool.utoronto.ca/publicpolicy/kim-campbell/|title=Kim Campbell &#124; Public Policy at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy &#124; University of Toronto|access-date=August 30, 2019|archive-date=August 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830150434/https://munkschool.utoronto.ca/publicpolicy/kim-campbell/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
|}

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2018}}

'''Honorary Degrees'''

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! style="width:20%;"| Location
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| School
! style="width:20%;"| Degree
|-
| {{Flagu|Ontario}} || 1992 || [[Law Society of Upper Canada]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lsuc.on.ca/with.aspx?id=762|title=Honorary LLD - LSO|website=www.lsuc.on.ca}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Ontario}} || June 13, 1998 || [[Brock University]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://brocku.ca/university-secretariat/wp-content/uploads/sites/82/HonoraryDegreeandAwardRecipients-RevisedtoFall2016.pdf |title=2016 Spring Convocation - Brock University Honorary Degree and Award Recipients - Archived copy |access-date=May 14, 2018 |archive-date=May 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514142100/https://brocku.ca/university-secretariat/wp-content/uploads/sites/82/HonoraryDegreeandAwardRecipients-RevisedtoFall2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Massachusetts}} || June 19, 1999 || [[Northeastern University]] || [[Doctor of Public Service]] (DPS)  <ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.northeastern.edu/services/archives-special-collections/northeastern-history/commencement-speakers-honorary-degrees|title=Commencement Speakers & Honorary Degrees - Northeastern University Libraries|website=library.northeastern.edu|access-date=May 14, 2018|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308174426/https://library.northeastern.edu/services/archives-special-collections/northeastern-history/commencement-speakers-honorary-degrees|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
|-
| {{Flagu|British Columbia}} || November 23, 2000 || [[University of British Columbia]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/hdcites/hdcites12.html |title = UBC Archives – Honorary Degree Citations – 2000–02 |access-date = June 25, 2008}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Massachusetts}} || 2004 || [[Mount Holyoke College]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/archives/history/honorary_year|title=Honorary Degrees Recipients|date=April 18, 2012|access-date=May 14, 2018|archive-date=September 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915032742/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/archives/history/honorary_year|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Pennsylvania}} || 2005 || [[Chatham University|Chatham College]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  
|-
| {{Flagu|Arizona}} || December 15, 2005 || [[Arizona State University]] || [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] (DHL)  <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.asu.edu/news/stories/200512/20051216_commencement.htm |title = ASU News &gt; Browne, Campbell honored at commencement ceremony |access-date = June 25, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://graduation.asu.edu/honorary/past|title=Past Honorary Degree Recipients - Graduation|website=graduation.asu.edu|date=February 5, 2009|access-date=May 14, 2018|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903030457/https://graduation.asu.edu/honorary/past|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Alberta}} || Fall 2010 || [[University of Alberta]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/chancellor-and-senate/honorary-degrees/past-honorary-degree-recipients|title=Past Honorary Degree Recipients &#124; University of Alberta|website=www.ualberta.ca|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref> 
|-
| {{Flagu|Ontario}} || 2011 || [[Trent University]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trentu.ca/governance/sites/trentu.ca.governance/files/documents/2023%20updated%20HD%20historic.pdf |url-status=live |title=Trent University Honorary Graduates |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2023 |website=www.trentu.ca |publisher=[[Trent University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227182218/https://www.trentu.ca/governance/sites/trentu.ca.governance/files/documents/2023%20updated%20HD%20historic.pdf |archive-date=February 27, 2024 |access-date=February 27, 2024 |quote=}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|British Columbia}} || June 11, 2014 || [[Simon Fraser University]] || [[Doctor of Laws]] (LL.D)  <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sfu.ca/convocation/honorary-degrees/past_honorary_degrees/2014.html |url-status=live |title=SFU 2014 Honorary Degree Recipients |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=www.sfu.ca |publisher=[[Simon Fraser University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609104221/http://www.sfu.ca/convocation/honorary-degrees/past_honorary_degrees/2014.html |archive-date=June 9, 2023 |access-date=February 27, 2024 |quote=}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Nova Scotia}} || May 13, 2018 || [[Acadia University]] || [[Doctor of Civil Law]] (DCL)  <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kingscountynews.ca/living/former-prime-minister-kim-campbell-receives-honorary-acadia-degree-209923/|title=Former prime minister Kim Campbell receives honorary Acadia degree - The Register/Advertiser|website=www.kingscountynews.ca}}</ref>
|}
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2018}}

==Appointments==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! style="width:20%;"| Location
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| Institution
! style="width:20%;"| Position
|-
| {{Flagu|Canada}} || '''January 30, 1989{{spaced ndash}}''' || [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] || Member (PC)  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/privy-council/services/queens.html#xC|title=Queen's Privy Council for Canada|first=Privy Council|last=Office|date=December 11, 2017|website=aem|access-date=August 30, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagu|Canada}} || '''{{spaced ndash}}''' || [[Government of Canada]] || [[Queen's Counsel]] (QC)
|-
| {{Flagu|Canada}} || '''1996–2000''' || [[Government of Canada]] || [[Consul (representative)|Consul General]] to [[Los Angeles]] 
|}

{{Incomplete list|date=January 2019}}

==Memberships and fellowships==

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
! style="width:20%;"| Location
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:40%;"| Organisation
! style="width:20%;"| Position
|-
| {{Flagu|Spain}} || '''2001–'''  || [[Club of Madrid]] || Member 
|-
| {{Flagu|Spain}} || '''2003–2004'''  || [[Club of Madrid]] || vice President
|-
| {{Flagu|Spain}} || '''2004–2006'''  || [[Club of Madrid]] || Secretary General  <ref name="ualberta.ca"/>
|-
| {{Flagu|District of Columbia}} || '''2003–2005'''  || [[Council of Women World Leaders]] || President  <ref name="ualberta.ca"/>
|}

{{Incomplete list|date=January 2019}}

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Kim Campbell Arms.svg
|bannerimage =
|badgeimage =
|notes = The arms of Kim Campbell consist of:<ref>{{citation|title=Canadian Heraldic Authority (Volume II)
|year=1995 |publisher=Ottawa|page=380}}</ref>
|adopted =
|crest = Upon a helmet mantled Azure doubled Or within a wreath of these colours issuant from a coronet the rim set with thistle heads Or on snowy mountain peaks Proper an eagle Azure head Argent its dexter leg resting on a closed book Rose clasped Or.
|torse =
|helm =
|escutcheon = Or the universal symbol for a woman pendant from its crosspiece a pair of scales Rose and in base three bars wavy Azure on a canton the mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada (Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules).
|supporters = Dexter a lion Or semé of fleurs-de-lys Azure gorged with a collar of poppy flowers Gules its dexter foreclaw resting on the pommel of a sheathed sword point downwards Azure embellished Or sinister a female bear Or semé of anchors Azure gorged with a like collar its dexter forepaw grasping a branch of cedar Vert embellished Or.
|compartment = On a grassy mound set with dogwood flowers, trillium flowers and Mayflowers Proper and pine cones Or rising above barry wavy Argent and Azure.
|motto = Seek Wisdom, Conquer Fear, Do Justice
|orders =
|other_elements = Mantling Or and Azure.
|banner =
|badge =
|symbolism =
|previous_versions =
}}

==See also==
* [[Time and Chance (Kim Campbell)|''Time and Chance'' (Kim Campbell)]]

=== Archives ===
There is a Kim Campbell fond at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding aid to the Kim Campbell fond at Library and Archives Canada|url=http://data2.archives.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000001890.pdf|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding aid to the graphic (photo) material in the Kim Campbell fond at Library and Archives Canada|url=http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000001924.pdf|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref> The archival reference number is R10052, former archival reference number MG26-S.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kim Campbell fond description at Library and Archives Canada|url=https://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&rec_nbr=107227&lang=eng&rec_nbr_list=107227,202028,136480,160207,132974,4386245,4206881,136494,193268,3688870|access-date=July 29, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The fond covers the date ranges 1916 to 2004. It contains a variety of media including 58.13 meters of textual records, approximately 33542 photographs and 139 videocassettes among other media.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin |30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Kim |title=Time and Chance: The Political Memoirs of Canada's First Woman Prime Minister |location=Toronto |publisher=Doubleday Canada Limited |year=1996 |isbn=0-385-25527-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Stewart |first=Heather Grace |title=Kim Campbell: the keener who broke down barriers |year=2007 |publisher=Jackfruit Press |isbn=978-0-9736407-0-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Granatstein |first=J.L. |last2=Hillmer |first2=Norman |title=Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders |location=Toronto |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. |year=1999 |isbn=0-00-200027-X}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101015034113/http://www.bitesizechunks.org/blog/ Official Blog of the Right Honourable Kim Campbell]
* [http://www.kimcampbell.com/ Official Website of the Right Honourable Kim Campbell]
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=15582}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060221040414/http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/ksgpress/bulletin/spring2002/features/campbell.html Biography from the Kennedy School of Government]
* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/commencement04/index.shtml 2004 commencement speech, Mount Holyoke College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907115738/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/commencement04/index.shtml |date=September 7, 2006 }}
* [http://www.cbc.ca/archives/topic/kim-campbell-first-and-foremost/why-are-you-afraid-to-hear-me.html CBC Digital Archives – Kim Campbell, First and Foremost]
* [https://archive.today/20070810194509/http://www.nfb.ca/trouverunfilm/fichefilm.php?lg=en&id=33916&v=h Official page of the documentary film "Kim Campbell:Through the Looking Glass"]
* {{IMDb name|1757541|Kim Campbell}}
* {{Twitter}}
*{{C-SPAN|17946}}

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