View source for Khattak

{{Short description|Pashtun tribe}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Khattak
| native_name      = {{Naskh|خټک}}
| native_name_lang = ps
| image            =
| image_caption    = Illustration of a Khattak Pashtun tribal chief of Jahangira in 1920
| languages        = [[Pashto]]
| religions        = [[Islam]]
| related_groups   = [[Banuchi|Bannuzai]]{{·}}[[Dawar]]{{·}}[[Wazir (tribe)|Wazir]]{{·}}[[Afridi]]<br>and other [[Karlani|Karlani Pashtun]] tribes
}}

The '''Khattak''' ({{langx|ps|خټک}}) tribe is a prominent [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribe located in the Khattak territory, which consists of [[Karak District|Karak]], [[Nowshera District|Nowshera]], [[Kohat]] districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]].

==History==
===Origins===
Multiple [[British Raj]] historians have identified the Khattak with the ''Satragyddae'' or ''Sattagudai'', an ancient [[Vedic people|Indo-Aryan]] tribe inhabiting [[Gandhara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savap.org.pk/journals/ARInt./Vol.3(3)/2012(3.3-38).pdf|title=Kinship System And Social Organization Of A Village In Balochistan (World System Analysis At Micro Level In Anthropological Perspective)|website=SAVAP International}}</ref><ref name="The Histories of Herodotus" /><ref name="Khaibar Pass Page 7">Guardians of the Khaibar Pass: the social organisation and history of the Afridis of Pakistan David M. Hart Page 7.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">The races of Afghanistan being a brief account of the principal nations, By Henry Walter Bellew - 2004 - 124 pages - Page 85.</ref><ref name="Afghanistan pages 107,108">An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan: prepared and presented to the Ninth international congress of Orientalists, London, September, 1891 - The Oriental university institute, 1891 - 208 pages - pages 107,108,122.</ref><ref name="North-West Frontier Province Page 217">A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province: Based on the census report for the Punjab, 1883 - Horace Arthur Rose, Sir Denzil Ibbetson, Sir Edward Maclagan - Printed by the superintendent, Government printing, Punjab, 1914 - Page 217.</ref><ref name="Qabila Page 152">Qabila: tribal profiles and tribe-state relations in Morocco and on the Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier - By David M. Hart - - 2001 - 254 pages - Page 152.</ref><ref name="Bhavana Books Page 95">Afghanistan of the Afghans - Bhavana Books & Prints, 2000 - 272 pages - Ikbal Ali Shah (Sirdar.) - Page 95.</ref> The Sattagudai ({{langx|grc|Σατταγύδαι}}) were a people mentioned by [[Herodotus]] in connection to people under the influence of the [[Achaemenid Empire]].<ref name="RommHerodotus2014">{{cite book|author1=James Romm|author2=Herodotus|title=Histories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JK7xAgAAQBAJ|date=15 March 2014|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=978-1-62466-115-0|page=181}}</ref> According to Herodotus:<ref name="The Histories of Herodotus">The Histories of Herodotus, George Rawlinson, Translation 1858–1860.</ref><ref name="archive.org">[https://archive.org/stream/pathans550bcad19010338mbp/pathans550bcad19010338mbp_djvu.txt "The Pathans 55O B.C.-A.D. 1957 By Sir Olaf Caroe"]</ref> 
{{blockquote|The Sattagudai and the [[Gandhara|Gandarioi]] and the Dadikai and the [[Afridi|Aparutai]], who were all reckoned together paid 170 talents.|}}

According to Sir [[Olaf Caroe]]:<ref name="archive.org"/>

{{blockquote|""Neither Khaṭaks nor [[Banuchi|Shitaks]] appear by name until the period of publication of genealogies under the Mughals, and the time of Akbar's dealings with the Khaṭaks for the protection of the highway to Peshawar. Babur indeed in his memoirs mentions the Karranis (Karlanis) whom he encountered in 1505 around Bannu along with the Niazis and Isakhel. It is probable that this reference of his is to Khattaks or [[Banuchi|Shitaks (Banuchis)]], or both, for both are Karlani tribes, and the other Karlanis who live in that area, Wazirs and Bangash, Babur mentions by name when he comes to them."}}

In Nimatullah's 1620 work ''History of The Afghans'', the Khattaks are amongst the oldest of the Afghan tribes.<ref name="Dorn">Deportation by the Assyrians, Makhzan-i Afghani, page 37: ''[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/?ql=eng&i=gcu&view_type=gallery History of the Afghans]''</ref>

==Khushal Khan Khattak==
A warrior poet by the name of [[Khushal Khan Khattak]] (1613–1690) was once the chief of this tribe, and his contributions to [[Pashto language|Pashto]] literature are considered as classic texts.<ref name="Afghan Poetry: Selections from the poems of Khush Hal Khan Khattak.">{{cite book|title=Afghan Poetry: Selections from the poems of Khush Hal Khan Khattak., Biddulph, C.D., Saeed Book Bank, Peshawar, 1983 (reprint of 1890 ed.)}}</ref> His life and times are one of the most chronicled and discussed subjects in [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] history, as he was active on the political, social and intellectual fora of his times. He was a most voluminous writer, and composed no less than three hundred and sixty literary works, both in the [[Pashto language|Pashto]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] languages.<ref name="A Grammar Of The Pukhto, Pushto: Or Language Of The Afghans">{{cite book|last=Raverty|first=H. G.|author-link=Henry George Raverty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_I6fvz1LQsC&pg=PA28 |title=A Grammar of the Pukhto, Pushto: or Language of the Afghans |location= London |date= 1860|isbn=9788120602670}}</ref>

His poetry revolves around concepts of Pakhtunwali; Honour, Justice, Bravery and Nationalism and his works have been translated into numerous languages, English and [[Urdu]] being the primary ones.<ref name="Poems from the Diwan of Khushâl Khân Khattak">{{cite book|title=Poems from the Diwan of Khushâl Khân Khattak|author= MacKenzie, D. N. |location= London |publisher= Allen & Unwin |date= 1965}}</ref>

==Notables==
* [[Khushal Khattak|Khushal Khan Khattak]] (1603–1689), A Pashtun tribal leader, poet, warrior who had organised tribes to fight against the [[Mughal Empire]]
* [[Sami-ul-Haq|Sami al Haq]] - (1937–2018), Regarded as the "Father of the Taliban"<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Taliban resurgence in Afghanistan : the role of post-conflict reconstruction |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.32657/10356/62530 |publisher=Nanyang Technological University |first=Sulaiman |last=Sadia|date=2014 |doi=10.32657/10356/62530 |hdl=10356/62530 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Pervez Khattak]], (1950) 22nd Chief Minister of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] [[Pakistan]] and current [[Minister of defence|Minister of Defence]] of Pakistan
* [[Ajmal Khattak]], (1925–2010) in [[Akora Khattak]] was a [[Pakistani]] politician, writer, Pashto poet, [[Khudai Khidmatgar]], former President of [[Awami National Party]]
* [[Ghulam Faruque Khan]] (1899–1990) was a dynamic bureaucrat, politician, and industrialist of Pakistan. He belonged to the village Shaidu (Khan Khel) in Nowshera District. His contribution to Pakistan's industrial development he is sometimes described as "The Goliath who Industrialized Pakistan".
* [[Pareshan Khattak]], (b. 10 December 1931 - d. 16 April 2009) from [[Karak, Pakistan|Karak]] [[Pakistan]]. His real name was Ghamay jan khattak "Pashto" پښتو" غمے جان خټک", he was a former Vice-Chancellor, Pashto poet and writer and former Chairman University Grants Commission of [[Pakistan]]. His books titled “Pukhtana Kochay,” “Dozakhi Pakhto,” “Drana Pukhtana,”
* [[Rajwali Shah|Raj Wali Shah Khattak]], Pashto language poet  
* [[Masood Sharif Khan Khattak]], Director-General of the [[Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)|Intelligence Bureau of Pakistan]]
* [[Shahid Ahmed Khattak|Shahid Ahmad Khattak]], Member of [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
* [[Afrasiab Khattak]], Socialist Politician and former [[Communist Party of Pakistan]] member who was aligned with the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]] in the 1980s
* [[Nasrullah Khan Khattak]], Pakistani Politician and [[Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province]]
* [[Yusuf Khattak]], Pakistani left-wing intellectual Politician, [[Pakistan Movement]] Activist, Federal Minister and statesman who represented Pakistan internationally 
* [[Habibullah Khan Khattak]], British Indian army officer who fought in the [[Burma campaign (1942–1943)|Burma Campaign]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]] and post-independence promoted as a Three Star rank Pakistan Army General, Minister and Industrialist

==See also==
* [[List of Khattaks]]
* [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]]
* [[Pashtun culture]]
* [[Zazi]]
* [[Khattak dance]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{EI3|last=Pelevin|first=Mikhail|title=Khaťak|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/khatak-COM_35499?s.num=42&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.start=40&s.q=caucasus|year=2019}}
* {{cite book| first=Hart| last=David M.| title=Guardians of the Khaibar Pass, the social organisation and history of the Afridis of Pakistan| page=7}}

{{Pashtun tribes}}

[[Category:Karlani Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Pashto-language surnames]]
[[Category:Groups claiming Israelite descent]]
[[Category:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]]
[[Category:Surnames]]