View source for Khamaj

{{Short description|Hindustani classical music raga}}
{{for|the thaat that this raga belongs to|Khamaj (thaat)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox raga
| name          = Khamaj
| image_name    = Brooklyn Museum - Kamod Ragini.jpg
| image_alt     =
| thaat         = [[Khamaj (thaat)|Khamaj]]
| type          = Shadava-sampurna
| time          = Late night, 9–12{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}
| season        =
| arohana       = {{svaraH|S|G|m|P|D|N|S'}}
| avarohana     = {{svaraH|S'|n|D|P|m|G|R|S}}
| vadi          = {{svaraH|G}}
| samavadi      = {{svaraH|N}}
| pakad         = {{svaraH|n|D|m|P|D|m|G}}{{sfn|OEMI:KR}}
| chalan        =
| synonym       = {{ubl|Kamboja|Kambhoji|Kambodi|Kamodi{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}}}
| equivalent    = {{ubl|[[Harikambhoji]]|[[Mixolydian mode]]}}
| similar       = [[Desh (raga)|Desh]], Khambavati{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}
}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
'''Khamaj''' ({{IAST3|Khamāj}}) is a [[Hindustani classical|Hindustani classical Music]] [[raga]] within the [[Khamaj (thaat)|Khamaj]] [[thaat]] which is named after it.

Many [[ghazal]]s and [[thumris]] are based on Khamaj. It utilises the shuddha (pure) form of Ni on the ascent, and the komala (flat) form of Ni on the descent, creating a key asymmetry in compositional and improvisational performance. This raga has been explored more in the lighter forms of Hindustani Classical Music such as [[Thumri]], [[Tappa]] etc. Having said that, many compositions in [[Dhrupad]] and [[Khyal|Khayal]] are found as well. [[Harikambhoji]] is the equivalent rāgam in [[Carnatic music]].

==Theory [Raag Shashtra]==

[[Arohana]]: {{svaraH|S|G|m|P|D|N|S'|foot=yes}}{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}{{sfn|OEMI:KR}}

[[Avroha]]: {{svaraH|S'|n|D|P|m|G|R|S|foot=yes}}{{sfn|OEMI:KR}}{{sfn|Bor|Rao|1999}}<ref>SWAAI SANGEET (Part 1) Theory of Indian Classical Music by Prem Jialal Vasant</ref>

[[Vadi (music)|Vadi Swar]]: {{svaraH|G}}{{sfn|OEMI:KR}}

[[Samavadi|Samavadi Swar]]: {{svaraH|N}}{{sfn|OEMI:KR}}

==Compositions==

In [[Dhrupad]], [[Sadra (music)|Sadra]], [[Khayal]], [[Thumri]] & [[Tappa]] styles :

*Sudhi Bisara Gayi...([[Sadra (music)|Sadra]] form – in 10 beat cycle of [[Jhaptal]]. Sung by [[Abdul Karim Khan]] of [[Kirana Gharana]])
*"Ban Ban Dhunda liyo banvari......"(Set in [[Teental|TeenTal]], composed by [[Gokulotsavji Maharaj|Acharya Dr Pandit Gokulotsavji Maharaj]])<ref name="nita">{{Cite book|last=Māthura|first=Nītā.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/769743702|title=Śāstrīya saṅgīta ke sūrya : Ācārya (Paṃ.) Gokulotsava Jī Mahārāja : saṅgīta sevā, śāstra cintana evaṃ bandiśoṃ kā saṅkalana|date=2011|publisher=Rādhā Pablikeśansa|isbn=978-81-7487-765-9|edition=1. saṃskaraṇa|location=Naī Dillī|oclc=769743702}}</ref>
*"nand ghar aaj baje badhai......"(Set in [[Teental|TeenTal]], composed by [[Gokulotsavji Maharaj|Acharya Dr Pandit Gokulotsavji Maharaj]])<ref name="nita" />
*Piya Tori Tirchhi Najar Laage Pyaari Re... (''Bol Banav Ki Thumri'' form. Sung by [[Faiyaz Khan]] of [[Agra Gharana]])
*Koyaliyan Kuhuk/Kook Sunaave... (Khayal/Bandishi Thumri form – in 16 beat cycle of Teentala. Sung by Nisar Hussain Khan of [[Rampur-Sahaswan gharana|Rampur Gharana]], [[Ajoy Chakrabarty]] of [[Patiala Gharana]]
*Shyaam Rang Daari... ([[Dhrupad]] form – in 14 beat cycle of Dhamar Tala. Sung by N. Zahiruddin Dagar & F. Wasfuddin Dagar)
*Ab Maan Jao Saiyaan...(Dadra) sung by Ustad Ghulam Abbas Khan of Rampur Sahaswan Gharana
*Sudh Naa Lini Jabse Gaye... ([[Dadra]] form – Sung by [[Faiyaz Khan]] of [[Agra Gharana]] and also Mentioned in [[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]]'s Kramik Pustak Malika Vol. 2)

Hindi Film Songs based on Raga Khamaj:

* Bada natkhat hai...ka kare yashoda maiya,  "Kuchh Toh Log Kahenge" and ''Raina Beet Jaye (with [[Todi (raga)|Todi]] in mukhara)'' – ''[[Amar Prem]]''<ref>{{cite book |title=R. D. Burman: The Man, The Music|author= Anirudha Bhattacharjee|author2=Balaji Vittal|publisher=Harper Collins India|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tg49WV0j0IAC&pg=PT56|isbn=978-93-5029-236-5 |page=96|ref=Bha }}</ref>
* Ayo kahanse ghanashyam – Buddha Mil Gaya
* Vo na aenge palatkar – Devdaas
* A dilse dil mila le – ''[[Navrang]]''
* Dhal chuki shame Gam – Kohinoor
* Khat likha de savariyake nam babu
* Mere to giridharagopala – Meera
* Tere bina sajna lage na jiya hamar – Aarti
* Tere mere milan ki ye raina – [[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]
* Khamaj – [[Fuzön]] sung by [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]]
* Mitwa – Kabhi alvida na kehna

The Narsinh Bhajan "[[Vaishnav jan to]]" is also based on Khamaj.

The Sargam Geet is as follows: set to teentaal, that is sixteen beats:

{| border="1"
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4   || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8  || 9  || 10  || 11  || 12    || 13  || 14  || 15  || 16
|-
| G || G || S || G   || M || P || G || M   || {{underline|N}}   || D  ||  _ ||   M ||    P ||  D ||  _ ||  M
|-
| G || _ || _ || _ ||   D || N || S' ||  _  || S '  || {{underline|N}}  ||  D ||   P ||   M ||   G ||  R ||  S
|}

This is the Prelude to the Sargam Geet, the underscore signifies the '''avagraha''' i.e. prolongation of the immediate previous note by one beat for one _ and <br />three beats in case of _ _ _

==Film Songs==

=== Language : [[Hindi]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background:#f4a860" |Song
!style="background:#c2e7ff" |Movie
!style="background:#c2e7a3" |Composer
!style="background:#00ffff" |Singers
|-
| Vo Na Ayenge Palatkar
|[[Devdas (1955 film)]]
|[[S. D. Burman]]
|[[Mubarak Begum]]
|-
| Piya Tose Naina Lage Re
|[[Guide (film)]]
|[[S. D. Burman]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| Nazar Lagi Raja Tore Bungle Par
|[[Kala Pani (1958 film)]]
|[[S. D. Burman]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| Ham Apna Unhe Bana Na Sake
|[[Bhanwara]]
|[[Khemchand Prakash]]
|[[K. L. Saigal]]
|-
| Sajana Saanjh Bhayi
|[[Roti (1942 film)]]
|[[Anil Biswas (composer)]]
|[[Begum Akhtar]]
|-
| Ab Kya Misal Dun
|[[Aarti (film)]]
|[[Roshan (music director)]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| Tere Bina Sajna Lage Na Jiya Hamar
|[[Aarti (film)]]
|[[Roshan (music director)]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]] & [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| Bata Do Koi Kaun Gali Gaye Shyam
|[[Madhu (1959 film)]]
|[[Roshan (music director)]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]]  M & [[Lata Mangeshkar]]  F
|-
| A Dil Se Dil Mila Le 
|[[Navrang]]
|[[C. Ramchandra]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| Dhal Chuki Sham-e-Gham
|[[Kohinoor (1960 film)]]
|[[Naushad]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]] 
|-
| Chunariya Katati Jae
|[[Mother India]]
|[[Naushad]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]] & [[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Shamshad Begum]] 
|-
| Mere To Giridhara Gopala 
|[[Meera (1979 film)]]
|[[Ravi Shankar]]
|[[Vani Jairam]] & Dinkar Kamanna
|-
| Sakhi Re Suun Bole Papiha 
|[[Miss Mary (1957 film)]]
|[[Hemant Kumar]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| Jao Re jogi tum jao re
|[[Amrapali (film)]]
|[[Shankar–Jaikishan]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| O Sajna Barakha Bahara Ayi 
|[[Parakh (1960 film)]]
|[[Salil Chowdhury]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] 
|-
|Ayo Kahan Se Ghanashyam 
|[[Buddha Mil Gaya]]
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|[[Manna Dey]] & [[Archana Mahanta]]  
|-
|Bada Natkhat Hai Re Krishna Kahaiya 
|[[Amar Prem]]
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]  
|-
|Kuch To Log Kahenge
|[[Amar Prem]]
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|[[Kishore Kumar]]  
|-
|Sham Dhale Jamuna Kinare
|[[Pushpanjali (1970 film)]]
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|[[Lata Mangeshkar]] & [[Manna Dey]]  
|-
|Khat Likh De Savariya Ke Naam Babu
|[[Aaye Din Bahar Ke]]
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|[[Asha Bhosle]]   
|}

===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Song
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Movie
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Composer
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Singer
|-
|{{proper name|Gnayiru Enbathu}}
|[[Kaakum Karangal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kalviya Selvama Veerama
|[[Saraswati Sabatham]]
|rowspan="5"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Ennirandhu 16 Vayathu
|[[Annai Illam]]
|-
|Anbulla Maanvizhiye
|[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]] 
| rowspan="6" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]] 
|-
|Ore Padal Unnai Azhaikkum
|[[Engirundho Vandhaal]]
|-
|Sumaithaangi Saaindhaal
|[[Thanga Pathakkam]]
|-
|Mellapo Mellapo 
|[[Kaavalkaaran]]
| rowspan="3" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kungamapottin Mangalam
|[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]
|-
|Vizhiye Vizhiye
|[[Puthiya Bhoomi]]
|-
|{{proper name|Acham Enbadhu Madamaiyada}}
|[[Mannadhi Mannan]]
| rowspan="15" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| rowspan="4" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Malargalai Pol Thangai
|[[Pasamalar]]
|-
|Kelvi Piranthathu
|[[Pachai Vilakku (1964 film)|Pachai Vilakku]]
|-
|Silar Siripaar Silar Azhuvaar
| rowspan="2" |[[Paava Mannippu]]
|-
|Kalangalil Aval Vasantham
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
|Anbumanam Kanindhapinne
|[[Aalukkoru Veedu]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Unnai Ondru Ketpen
|[[Puthiya Paravai]]
| rowspan="3" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Athaimadi Methaiyadi
|[[Karpagam]]
|-
|Muthana Muthallavo
|[[Nenjil Or Aalayam]]
|-
|Kavalaigal Kidakattum
|[[Bandha Pasam]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
|Odam Nadhiyinile
|[[Kathiruntha Kangal]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
|Devankoyil Maniyosai
|[[Mani Osai]]
|-
|Thookam Un Kangalai
|[[Aalayamani]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Ammavuku Manasukulle
|[[Manapanthal]]
|S.C.Krishnan
|-
|Amaithiyaana Nathiyinile
|[[Aandavan Kattalai (1964 film)|Aandavan Kattalai]]
|rowspan="2"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Naan Malarodu Thaniyaga
|[[Iru Vallavargal]]
|[[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]]
|-
|Naane Naana
|[[Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren]]
|rowspan="20"|[[Ilayaraja]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Manasukkulle Nayana
|[[Mallu Vetti Minor]]
|[[Arunmozhi]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Megam Karukayilae
|[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]
|[[Ilayaraja]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Adukku Malli Yeduthu
|rowspan=2|[[Aavarampoo]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Mandhiram Idhu
|rowspan="6"|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Kanavu Kaanum
|[[Neengal Kettavai]]
|-
|Pottu Vaitha Oru Vatta Nila
|[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]
|-
|Pazhamuthir Cholai
|[[Varusham Padhinaaru]]
|-
|Adi Kaana Karunkuyile
|[[Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran]]
|-
|Vaana Malai
|[[Idhu Namma Bhoomi]]
|-
|Eduthu Vecha
|[[Ninaive Oru Sangeetham]]
|[[S. Janaki]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]](Pathos)
|-
|Sandhu Pottu
|[[Thevar Magan]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Kamal Haasan]]
|-
|Enna Paada Sollathey
|[[Aan Paavam]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Nadhi Odum Karaiyoram
|[[Aavarampoo]]
|-
|Chinna Kuyil Paadum Pattu
|[[Poove Poochooda Vaa]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Thenmadurai Seemaiyile
|[[Thangamana Raasa]]
|-
|Oru Naal Oru Kanavu
|[[Kannukkul Nilavu]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Thendral Varum
|[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|Diana Diana
|[[Kaadhal Kavithai]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Ennavendru Solvathamma
|[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|En Kadhale
|[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]
|rowspan="11"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Aasai(Shankarabaranam traces too)
|[[Roja (film)|Roja]]
|[[Minmini]]
|-
|Uyire Uyire(charanam in Charukesi)
|[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kannukku Mai Azhagu
|[[Pudhiya Mugam]]
|[[Unni Menon]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Maya Machindra
|[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Nenje Nenje
|[[Ratchagan]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Aathangara Marame
|[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Adi Nenthikkitten
|[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Chitra Sivaraman]]
|-
|Sandakkozhi
|[[Aaytha Ezhuthu]]
|[[Madhushree]],A.R.Rahman
|-
|Kummi Adi
|[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]
|[[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Theni Kunjarammal]], Vignesh, Chorus
|-
|Maduraikku Pogathadee
|[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]
|[[Benny Dayal]], Archith, Darshana KT
|-
|Putham Puthu Olai
|[[Vedham Pudhithu]]
|[[Devendran]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Pullankuzhal Mozhi Tamil
|[[Oorum Uravum]]
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Kambangade Kambangade
|[[Vaaname Ellai]]
|[[Maragadha Mani]]
|[[Maragadha Mani]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Vannathi Poochi
|[[Paatti Sollai Thattathe]]
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Aathu Mettu Thopukulle
|[[Manasukketha Maharasa]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Vayakkaadu
|[[Parambarai]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kannukulle
|[[Dhill]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Manikka Vinayagam]]
|-
|Lesa Lesa
|[[Lesa Lesa]]
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==Notable songs==
#Kuch To Log Kahenge
#Tere Mere Milan Ki Ye Raina
#Mora Saiyyan Mose Bole
#[[Vaishnava Jana To]](in Mishra Khamaj)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |title=The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas |date=1999 |publisher=Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music |isbn=9780954397609 |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCnoMgEACAAJ |language=en }}
* {{cite book |title=Khamāj Rāga (Hin), The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195650983 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-2589 |access-date=8 October 2018 |ref={{harvid|OEMI:KR}} |language=en |url-access=subscription }}
* http://www.tanarang.com/english/khamaj_eng.htm
* https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/khamaj/

==External links==
* [http://oceanofragas.com/ocean_htmlpages/khamaj.html More details about raga Khamaj]

{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]