View source for Kh-35

{{Short description|Soviet anti-ship missile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile         = yes
| name               = Kh-35<br /><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: AS-20 'Kayak')</small><br />3M24 ''Uran'' <small>(SS-N-25 'Switchblade')</small><br />3K60 ''Bal'' <small>(SSC-6 'Sennight')</small>
| image              = Kh-35E fol maks2009.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Kh-35E in MAKS-2009
| origin             = [[Soviet Union]]
| type               = [[Air-to-surface missile|Air-to-surface]]<br />[[Surface-to-surface missile]]<br />[[Cruise missile]]<br />[[Anti-ship missile]]<br/>  
[[Land-attack missile]]
| used_by            = [[Russian Navy]]<br />[[Indian Navy]]<br />[[Vietnam People's Navy]]
| wars               = 
| designer           = Zvezda
| design_date        = 1983-2003
| manufacturer       = [[Tactical Missiles Corporation]]
| unit_cost          = $500,000 (2010)<ref>"Annual Report", Tactical Missiles Corporation (2010), p.92.</ref>
| propellant         = kerosene
| production_date    = 1996 for export, 2003 for Russia
| service            = 2003
| engine             = R95TP-300 Turbofan<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amntksoyuz.ru/en/ |title=About |website=Aero-Engine Scientific and Technical Complex «Soyuz»}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://amntksoyuz.ru/engines/airengines/history/#r95-300 |title=ОАО "АМНТК "Союз" – Продукция – Авиационные двигатели |date=2 February 2012 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202051703/http://amntksoyuz.ru/engines/airengines/history/#r95-300 |archive-date=2 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| engine_power       = 360 kgf
| weight             = {{convert|520|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> (air version)<br />{{convert|610|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> (surface & heli version)
| length             = {{convert|385|cm|in|abbr=on|0}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> (air version)<br />{{convert|440|cm|in|abbr=on|0}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> (surface & heli version)
| diameter           = {{convert|42.0|cm|in|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| wingspan           = {{convert|133|cm|in|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| speed              = {{convert|0.8-0.85|Mach|mph km/h|0}}
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|130|km|nmi|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|300|km|nmi|abbr=on}} (upgrade version, 2015)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://expert.ru/2015/05/25/vezdesuschaya-raketa/?partner=988462 |title=Новая ракета X-35: гроза американских эсминцев |trans-title=New X-35 missile: the terror of American destroyers |language=ru |first=Vadim |last=Ponomarev |date=25 May 2015 |magazine=[[Expert (magazine)|Expert]] |access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>
| altitude           = 10-15 m en route and about 4 m at terminal area
| filling            = HE fragmentation [[shaped charge]]
| filling_weight     = {{convert |145|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| guidance           = [[inertial guidance]] and ARGS-35E [[X-band]] terminal [[active radar homing]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/ARGS-35E-Algeria.html |title=ARGS-35E (Algeria), Airborne fire-control radars |website=[[Jane's]] |access-date=August 28, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402214415/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Radar-and-Electronic-Warfare-Systems/ARGS-35E-Algeria.html |archive-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref>
| launch_platform    = [[Tupolev Tu-142]], [[Su-24]], [[MiG-29]]M/K, [[Sukhoi Su-35]], [[Su-27]]SM, [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI|Su-30MKI]]//[[Sukhoi Su-30#Su-30SM|Su-30SM]], [[Su-34]], [[HAL Tejas]], [[Ka-27]], [[Ka-28]],<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2017/october/3823-kh-35u-asm-enters-su-35s-fighter-jet-weapon-package.html |title=Kh-35U ASM enters Su-35S fighter jet weapon package |date=24 October 2017 |website=AirRecognition.com}}</ref> [[Ka-50|Ka-52]], [[Sukhoi Su-57|Su-57]],{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} also ships and boats, coastal, [[ALCM]], [[Transporter erector launcher|TEL]] variants.
}}

The Zvezda '''Kh-35''' ({{langx|ru|[[Kha (Cyrillic)|Х]]-35 [[(Cyrillic)| ]]}}, NATO reporting name '''AS-20 'Kayak'<nowiki/>''') is a Soviet [[turbojet]] [[subsonic flight|subsonic]] cruise<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enemyforces.net/missiles/kh_35.htm |title=Kh-35 (AS-20 "Kayak") Anti-Ship Cruise Missile |website=EnemyForces.net |access-date=7 May 2017 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622060937/http://www.enemyforces.net/missiles/kh_35.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[anti-ship missile]]. The missile can be launched from helicopters, surface ships and coastal defence batteries with the help of a rocket booster, in which case it is known as '''''Uran''''' ('Uranus', NATO reporting name '''SS-N-25 'Switchblade'''', [[GRAU]] '''3M24''') or '''''Bal''''' ( NATO reporting name '''SSC-6 'Sennight'''', GRAU 3K60). It is designed to attack vessels up to 5,000 tonnes.<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />

==Development==
The previous anti-ship missiles made in USSR were highly capable, but they also were large and expensive. Therefore, the Soviet Navy found that a similar, small and very low flying missile would be useful. This new system was planned as small, cheap, and easy to install missile for a variety of platforms. This new system, called 3M24 Uran (in western nomenclature, SS-N-25) was originally meant for small surface combatants such as frigates, like the [[Krivak-class frigate|Krivak]], Gepard and Neustrashimy. It was the answer to western missiles like the US [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon]]. Informally, it was also known as 'Harpoonski', as it was broadly comparable, especially in appearance, with the American missile.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/as-20.htm |title=Zvezda Kh-35 |website= military today |access-date=2022-04-14}}</ref> 

The initial development started in Zvezda-Strela State Scientific-Industrial Center (GNPTs) group in 1972 or 1977, depending on the sources.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.military-today.com/missiles/kh_35.htm |title=Zvezda Kh-35 |website=globalsecurity.org |access-date=2022-04-14 |archive-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416000612/https://www.military-today.com/missiles/kh_35.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Zvezda received the official go ahead to begin work on the Kh-35 in 1983-1984 by a decree of the [[USSR Council of Ministers]] and the USSR [[CPSU Central Committee]] to arm ships of medium tonnage.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Test launches began in 1985, but there were several problems and failures with the miniaturized active radar system.  It was first displayed in 1992 and listed as only being intended for export, when it was, in fact, not yet for production. In 1994 India ordered Uran missiles (the Kh-35E export variant). This led to the full development, and deliveries started to the Indian Navy in 1996. Russia adopted it only in 2003 (for ships), and 2004 (Bal, coastal system). The air-launched variant (originally made for Indian Il-38SD patrol aircraft) was completed in 2005 and later deployed on Russian Federation aircraft.

The KH-35 can be considered the successor to the [[P-15 Termit|SS-N-2 Styx]] missile, albeit much smaller and more modern. It boasts greater range than legacy missile systems, and is much cheaper than other contemporary anti-ship missiles like [[Kalibr (missile family)|Kalibr]] or [[P-800 Oniks|Oniks]], costing an estimated $500,000 USD per missile.

==Design==
[[File:Seeker Kh-35E maks2005.jpg|thumb|left|Cross-section of the active radar homing head of a Kh-35E missile at [[MAKS (air show)|MAKS]] 2005]]
[[File:Kh-35E maq maks2009.jpg|thumb|Kh-35E model at MAKS 2009]]

The Kh-35 missile is a subsonic weapon featuring a normal aerodynamic configuration with cruciform wings and fins and a semisubmerged air duct intake. The propulsion unit is a [[turbofan]] engine. The missile is guided to its target at the final leg of the trajectory by commands fed from the [[active radar homing]] head and the [[radio altimeter]].<ref name="Rosoboronexport">{{cite web |url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |title=Aerospace Systems Export Catalogue |website=[[Rosoboronexport]] |page=123 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030213111/http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-30}}</ref>

Target designation data can be introduced into the missile from the launch aircraft or ship or external sources. Flight mission data is inserted into the missile control system after input of target coordinates. An [[inertial]] system controls the missile in flight, stabilizes it at an assigned altitude and brings it to a target location area. At a certain target range, the homing head is switched on to search for, lock on and track the target. The inertial control system then turns the missile toward the target and changes its flight altitude to an extremely low one. At this altitude, the missile continues the process of homing by the data fed from the homing head and the inertial control system until a hit is obtained.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The Kh-35 can be employed in fair and adverse weather conditions at [[sea state]]s up to 5–6, by day and night, under enemy fire and electronic countermeasures. Its aerodynamic configuration is optimized for high subsonic-speed [[sea-skimming]] flight to ensure stealthy characteristics of the missile. The missile has low signatures thanks to its small dimensions, sea-skimming capability and a special guidance algorithm ensuring highly secure operational modes of the active radar seeker.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Its ARGS-35E active radar seeker operates in both single and multiple missile launch modes, acquiring and locking on targets at a maximum range of up to 20&nbsp;km.<ref name="ktrvkh35">{{cite web |url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production/military_production/anti-ship_missiles/kh-35e.html |title=Tactical Anti-Ship Missile Kh-35E |website=JSC [[Tactical Missiles Corporation]] |access-date=8 October 2015 |archive-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524130954/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production/military_production/anti-ship_missiles/kh-35e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A new radar seeker, Gran-KE has been developed by SPE Radar MMS<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radar-mms.com/catalog/args35/ |title=Радиолокационная Головка АРГС-35Э |trans-title=ARGS-35E Radar |language=ru |website=Radar-MMS |access-date=2011-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145147/http://www.radar-mms.com/catalog/args35/ |archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> and will be replacing the existing ARGS-35E X band seeker.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://navaltoday.com/2011/08/26/jsc-tactical-missile-arms-presents-new-target-seeker |title=Russia: JSC Tactical Missile Arms Presents New Target Seeker |date=26 August 2011 |work=Naval Today |access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |<ref name="ktrvkh35"/><ref name="ktrvkh35u">{{cite web |url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production/military_production/anti-ship_missiles/kh-35ue.html |title=Tactical Guided Missile Kh-35UE |website=JSC Tactical Missiles Corporation |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021181950/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production/military_production/anti-ship_missiles/kh-35ue.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! <u>Kh-35</u>
! <u>Kh-35U</u>
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{center|'''Length'''}}
|{{center| '''Ship/Land/Heliborne''' }}
| colspan="2" |{{center|{{convert|4.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}}}
|-
|{{center|'''Aircraft-launched'''}}
| colspan="2" |{{center|{{convert|3.85|m|ft|abbr=on}}}}
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Diameter'''}}
| colspan="2" |{{center|{{convert|0.42|m|in|abbr=on}}}}
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Wingspan'''}}
| colspan="2" |{{center|{{convert|1.33|m|ft|abbr=on}}}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{center|'''Weight'''}}
|{{center|'''Surface-launched'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|620|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}
| {{center|{{convert|670|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}
|-
|{{center|'''Aircraft-launched'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|520|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}
| {{center|{{convert|550|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}
|-
|{{center|'''Heliborne'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|610|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}
| {{center|{{convert|650|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Range'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|130|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}}}
| {{center|{{convert|7-260|km|mi nmi|abbr=on|0}}}}
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Guidance'''}}
| {{center|Inertial, active radar}}
| {{center|Inertial, [[satellite navigation]], active/passive radar}}
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Seeker range'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|20|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}}}
| {{center|{{convert|50|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}}}
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Speed'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|0.8|Mach|mph km/h|0}}}}
| {{center|{{convert|0.8-0.85|Mach|mph km/h|0}}}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{center|'''Flight altitude'''}}
|{{center|'''Cruising'''}}
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |10–15&nbsp;m
|-
|{{center|'''Terminal phase'''}}
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |4&nbsp;m
|-
| colspan="2" | {{center|'''Warhead'''}}
| {{center|{{convert|145|kg|lb|abbr=on}} HE penetrator}}
| {{center|{{convert|145|kg|lb|abbr=on}} penetrating HE frag}}
|}

==Operational history==
The Kh-35 missile entered service with Russian Navy only in 2003. In July 2003, the system created by the "[[Tactical Missiles Corporation]]" passed the state tests and began to come into service of ships of the Russian Navy. It has also been acquired by India.<ref name="Janes">{{cite journal |url=http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jalw/jalw9048.html |title=Kh-37 |journal=Jane's Air-Launched Weapons |date=2008-08-01}}{{dead link|date=April 2010}}</ref> The Bal coastal missile system showed excellent results in state tests in the fall of 2004, and entered service in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://old.nationaldefense.ru/1437/1440/index.shtml?id=3456 |title=Бал-Э» принят на вооружение |trans-title="Bal-E" is put into service |language=ru |website=National Defence |access-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112185749/http://old.nationaldefense.ru/1437/1440/index.shtml?id=3456 |archive-date=12 November 2013}}</ref> The tests of the upgraded Kh-35UE missile were completed as of June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/interviews/11732617|title=Глава КТРВ Обносов: мы разрабатываем новое морское оружие России|website=tass.ru}}</ref>

A Bal system has four self-propelled launcher vehicles each carrying eight missiles for a total of 32 missiles in a salvo, plus reloads for another wave. The launchers can be up to 10&nbsp;km from the coast and hit targets at ranges up to {{convert|120|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/year-2011-news/december-2011-navy-naval-air-force-maritime-industry-news/225-bal-e-coastal-missile-system-with-kh-35-antiship-missile-to-defend-russia-coast-of-caspian-sea.html |title=Bal-E coastal missile system with Kh-35 antiship missile to defend Russia coast of Caspian Sea |date=5 December 2011 |website=NavyRecognition.com}}</ref> Currently, the Bal system is equipped with an upgraded version of the Kh-35E increasing the range to {{convert|300|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2015-news/october-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/3195-russias-bal-e-coastal-defense-system-to-be-equipped-with-upgraded-kh-35-missile.html |title=Russia's Bal-E coastal defense system to be equipped with upgraded Kh-35 missile |date=28 October 2015 |website=NavyRecognition.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0715/104053419/detail.shtml |title=Для КТРВ 2018 год стал рекордным с точки зрения объемов экспорта |trans-title=For KTRV, 2018 became a record year in terms of export volumes |language=ru |date=15 July 2019 |website=Armstrade.org}}</ref> At IMDS 2019, a new version of the Russian Bal-E coastal defence system was presented for the first time. The four-tube Rubezh-ME, dedicated to the export market, is based on a Kamaz 63501 8x8 chassis which is more compact than the MZKT-7930 of the original Bal-E.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/naval-exhibitions/2019-naval-exhibitions/imds-2019-news-online-show-daily/7282-imds-2019-first-public-appearance-of-the-rubezh-me-coastal-defence-system.html |title=IMDS 2019: First public appearance of the Rubezh-ME coastal defence system |date=11 July 2019 |website=NavyRecognition.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/89890/russia-unveils-export-oriented-rubezh-me-coastal-defence-missile-system |title=Russia unveils export-oriented Rubezh-ME coastal defence missile system |first=Nikolai |last=Novichkov |date=15 July 2019 |website=Jane's |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716112910/https://www.janes.com/article/89890/russia-unveils-export-oriented-rubezh-me-coastal-defence-missile-system |archive-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> As reported on October 19, 2021 by the TASS news agency, a new missile of the Bal coastal missile complex developed and manufactured by Tactical Missile Armament Corporation (KTRV) will allow hitting targets at a distance of over 500&nbsp;km. The new capabilities of the complex made it comparable in range and the possibility of firing on the ground with the Bastion missile system using the Onyx supersonic missile, a source in the defense industry said.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1351175|title=Russia's Bal coastal defense system to strike targets at over 500 km with new missile|website=tass.ru}}</ref>

On 20 August 2024, at the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine [[Oleksandr Syrskyi]] for the first time announced data on how many weapons Russia has used since 2022, as well as how many were intercepted. The report said that only 1/15 (6.7%) of Kh-35s were intercepted by Ukraine’s air defenses.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://global.espreso.tv/russia-ukraine-war-kovalenko-ukraines-missile-terror-has-turned-against-russia-what-analysis-of-strikes-for-entire-period-of-full-scale-war-shows?amp | title=Missile terror of Ukraine turns against Russia. Analysis of strikes }}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:Yaroslav Mudry Uran missiles.jpg|thumb|The KT-184 quadruple launcher mounted on [[Russian frigate Yaroslav Mudry]]]]
* '''Kh-35 (3M-24)''' - Base naval version for Russia (2003).<ref name="ktrvkh35"/>
* '''Kh-35E (3M-24E)''' - Export version of Kh-35 (1996).{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
* '''Kh-35U''' - Base upgrade ''unified'' missile (can be used with any carrier), version for Russia in production (as of July 1, 2015).<ref name="ktrvkh35u"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2084708 |title="Тактическое ракетное вооружение" за три года запустило в серию 14 видов ракет |trans-title="Tactical Missile Armament" has launched 14 types of missiles into series in three years |language=ru |date=1 July 2015 |work=ТАSS |access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> Capable of striking land targets.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
* '''Kh-35UE'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/kh-35ue/ |title=Kh-35UE |website=Rosoboronexport}}</ref> - Export version of Kh-35U, in production.<ref name="ktrv_go2010">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ktrv.ru/news/company/721.html |title=ОАО "Корпорация Тактическое Ракетное Вооружение"<!-- The title was added by a bot --> |accessdate=2011-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235111/http://www.ktrv.ru/news/company/721.html |archivedate=2013-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*  '''Kh-35UV''' - Helicopter-launched version, intended for the [[Kamov Ka-50#Ka-52K "Katran"|Kamov Ka-52K]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Butowski |first1=Piotr |title=Ka-52 Hokum |date=2022 |publisher=Key Publishing |location=Stamford, UK |isbn=978-1-80282-269-4 |page=84}}</ref>
*'''Kh-35EMV''' - Export version of Kh-35 missile-target without warhead for Vietnam.<ref name="ktrv_go2010" />
* '''Kh-35E (''Uran-E)''''' (SS-N-25 'Switchblade', 3M-24) - Shipborne equipment of the control system with a missile Kh-35/Kh-35E.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml |title=Корабельная аппаратура системы управления «Уран Э |trans-title=Ship control system "Uran E" |language=ru |website=JSC Concern Granit-Electron |access-date=2012-04-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911014416/http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/uran/index.shtml |archive-date=2012-09-11}}</ref>
* '''Bal/Bal-E''' - Coastal ('''SSC-6 Sennight''') missile complex with Kh-35/Kh-35E missiles (2008).{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}
* '''Rubez-ME''' - Coastal missile complex with 4 Kh-35/Kh-35U missiles. Compact version of the Bal-E, dedicated for the export .<ref>{{cite web | url=https://militaryleak.com/2020/10/08/rubez-me-coastal-tactical-missile-system/ | title=Rubez-ME Coastal Tactical Missile System | date=8 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/coastal-weapon-systems/rubez-me/ | title=Coastal tactical missile system Rubez-ME &#124; Catalog Rosoboronexport }}</ref>
* [[File:536th Coastal Missile Artillery Brigade's "Bal" coastal missile system firing (2021-11-19).webm|thumb|Bal - coastal mobile missile complex]]'''[[Kumsong-3]]''' (KN-19) - Reported North Korean copy of the Kh-35U. Kumsong-3 is a North Korean domestic variant/clone of Kh-35 likely based on Kh-35U due to range.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kumsong-3-kh-35-variant/ |title=Kumsong-3 (Kh-35 Variant) |website=Missile Threat}}</ref> Demonstrated range in 8 June 2017 test is 240&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/north-koreas-new-kn19-coastal-defense-cruise-missile-more-than-meets-the-eye/ |title=North Korea's New KN19 Coastal Defense Cruise Missile: More Than Meets the Eye |first=Ankit |last=Panda |date=July 26, 2017 |website=The Diplomat}}</ref>
* '''[[VCM-01]]''' - Vietnamese derivative<ref name="vcm-01" />
* [[Neptune (cruise missile)|'''Neptune''']] - Ukrainian derivative<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraine-building-anti-ship-missiles-part-thanks-russia-43532|title=Ukraine Is Building Anti-Ship Missiles (In Part Thanks to Russia)|last=Episkopos|first=Mark|date=2019-02-06|website=The National Interest|language=en|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:KH-35 operators.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Map with Kh-35 operators in blue]]

===Current operators===
*{{ALG}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akramov|date=2021-09-24|title=L'Algérie muscle sa défense côtière|url=https://www.menadefense.net/algerie/lalgerie-muscle-sa-defense-cotiere-2/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=MENADEFENSE|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
*{{IND}}<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Tactical Missiles Corporation Missile Exportation Since 1992 |journal=[[Moscow Defense Brief]] |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/94687/2008_4.pdf |issue=4/2008 |page=27}}</ref>
*{{IRN}}
*{{MYA}}
*{{EGY}}
*{{PRK}} – Kh-35U derivative Kumsong/GeumSeong-3 (Venus 3) 금성3호 金星3号.<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org">{{cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |website=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229003804/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**Mobile coastal defence (anti-ship) system '''KN-19''' on a tracked chassis.
**Believed to be also able launched with [[Ilyushin Il-28]]/H-5 due to missiles being stored at [[Uiju Airfield]], home to these bombers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ALCMs in Uiju|url=https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1210131/air-launched-cruise-missiles-in-uiju-dprk/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.armscontrolwonk.com}}</ref>
*{{RUS}} – 112 Kh-35 (3M-24) delivered in 2009–2010.<ref name=AnnualReport>''Annual Report'', Tactical Missiles Corporation (2010), p.92.</ref>
**Bal coastal missile brigades deployed by the [[Russian Navy]]:
***11th Black Sea Fleet Brigade, Utash, Krasnodar
***46th Separate Division of the Caspian Flotilla, Dagestan
***15th Black Sea Fleet Brigade, Sevastopol, Crimea
***72nd Pacific Fleet Regiment, Smolyaninovo, Primorsky Krai
***At least one more complex was delivered to the Western Military District in mid-2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/907916 |title=Russian Navy received more than 100 Kalibr, Onix missiles in 3rd quarter |date=21 October 2016 |website=TASS}}</ref>
***Two Bal missile systems delivered in 2017 and one more in November 2018 for the BSF.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12160216@egNews |title=National Centre for State Defence Control hosts Military Acceptance Day chaired by Russian Minister of Defence |date=31 January 2018 |website=Russian Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1206/102049970/detail.shtml |title=За последний месяц в войска ЮВО поставлено около 200 ед. новой и модернизированной техники |trans-title=Over the past month, about 200 new and modernized equipment units have been delivered to the troops of the Southern Military District |language=ru |date=6 December 2018 |website=Armstrade.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/1045956 |title=Advanced coastal defense missile systems to protect Russia's Caspian Flotilla base |date=22 February 2019 |website=TASS}}</ref> Three more systems in 2019 and 2020 for the PF, CFl and BF.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0226/101551198/detail.shtml |title=Новые береговые ракетные комплексы "Бал" прибыли на Тихоокеанский флот |trans-title=New coastal missile systems "Bal" arrived at the Pacific Fleet |language=ru |date=26 February 2019 |website=Armstrade.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0112/065061188/detail.shtml |title=В 2020 году Балтийский флот пополнился кораблями и новейшей военной техникой |trans-title=In 2020, the Baltic Fleet was replenished with ships and the latest military equipment |language=ru |date=12 January 2021 |website=Armstrade.org}}</ref>
***A deployment was moved{{clarify|reason=moved from where?|date=December 2020}} to the [[Sredny Peninsula]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nilsen |first1=Thomas |title=Russia deploys missile system 70 km from Norway's Vardø radar |url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2019/08/russia-deploys-bastion-missile-system-70-km-norways-vardo-radar |newspaper=The Barents Observer |access-date=30 December 2020 |date=7 August 2019}}</ref>
**The [[Russian Air Force]] has acquired since 2014 an unknown number of Kh-35U missiles integrated with the [[Sukhoi Su-35|Sukhoi Su-35S]] fighter aircraft and the [[Sukhoi Su-34]] fighter-bombers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2017/october/3823-kh-35u-asm-enters-su-35s-fighter-jet-weapon-package.html |title=Kh-35U ASM enters Su-35S fighter jet weapon package |date=24 October 2017 |website=AirRecognition.com |access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12196794@egNews |title=Пуски с самолетов Су-34 противокорабельных ракет Х-35У по морским целям |trans-title=Launches from Su-34 aircraft of Kh-35U anti-ship missiles at sea targets |language=ru |date=25 September 2018 |website=Russian Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/arms/20180925/1529333330.html |title=Минобороны показало удары новейших российских противокорабельных ракет |trans-title=The Ministry of Defense showed the strikes of the latest Russian anti-ship missiles |date=25 September 2018 |website=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}
</ref>
*{{VEN}} – Bal Coastal missile complex being delivered.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
*{{VNM}} – 340 Kh-35E missiles delivered in 2001–2021. A local copy designated as [[VCM-01]] is being developed by [[Viettel]].<ref name="vcm-01">{{Cite web |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2020/may-2020/8491-vietnam-unveils-its-new-vcm-01-anti-ship-cruise-missile.html |title=Vietnam unveils its new VCM-01 anti-ship cruise missile |date=28 May 2020 |website=Navy Recognition |access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Trade Registers |url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=armstrade.sipri.org}}</ref>
* {{UKR}} – Kh-35 derivative [[Neptune (cruise missile)|Neptune]]

===Failed bid===
*{{AZE}} – Bal Coastal missile complex suspended<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/05/12/2018/5c0756f59a79476960a42098 |title=Коммерсантъ» узнал об отказе Москвы поставить ракетные комплексы Баку |trans-title="Kommersant" learned of Moscow's refusal to supply missile systems to Baku |language=ru |date=5 December 2018 |website=[[RBK Group|РБК]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*{{lwc|AGM-158C LRASM}}
*{{lwc|NASM-MR}}
*{{lwc|Exocet}}
*{{lwc|Harpoon (missile)|A/R/UGM-84 Harpoon}}
*{{lwc|Naval Strike Missile}}
*{{lwc|Otomat}}
*{{lwc|RBS 15}}
*{{lwc|Sea Eagle (missile)|Sea Eagle}}
* {{lwc|Type 80 air-to-ship missile}}
* {{lwc|Type 88 surface-to-ship missile}}
* {{lwc|Type 90 ship-to-ship missile}}
* {{lwc|Type 93 air-to-ship missile}}
*{{lwc|YJ-83}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External sources==
{{commons category-inline}}
* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/kh-55/ KH-35] at CSIS Missile Threat

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|state_ASM=uncollapsed|state_SSM=uncollapsed}}

[[Category:Anti-ship cruise missiles of Russia]]
[[Category:Cruise missiles of Russia]]
[[Category:Submarine-launched cruise missiles of Russia]]
[[Category:Tactical Missiles Corporation products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]