View source for Kh-29

{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile         = yes
| name               = Kh-29 <br /><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: AS-14 'Kedge')</small>
| image              = Kh-29T sketch.svg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Side-view of a Kh-29T
| origin             = [[Soviet Union]]
| type               = [[air-to-surface missile]]
| used_by            = Warsaw Pact, China, India, Iraq
| wars               ={{Tree list}}
*[[Iran–Iraq War]]
*[[Second Libyan Civil War]]
*[[Syrian Civil War]]
**[[Russian-led military intervention in Syria|Russian bombing of Syria]]
*[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
**[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
{{tree list/end}}
| designer           = [[Matus Bisnovat]]<br />Georgiy I. Khokhlov
| design_date        = 1975
| manufacturer       = [[Vympel NPO|Vympel]] / Tactical&nbsp;Missiles&nbsp;Corporation<ref name="TMC" />
| unit_cost          = 
| propellant         = 
| production_date    = 1980-current<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/production/68/675/676/?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44|title=ОАО "Корпорация Тактическое Ракетное Вооружение"|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-date=26 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526180640/http://www.eng.ktrv.ru/production/68/675/676/?PHPSESSID=b55062d53f861256438076e6c6d01f44|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| service            = 1980s-current
| engine             = Fixed thrust solid fuel rocket<ref name="TMC" />
| engine_power       = 
| weight             = Kh-29L: {{convert|660|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />Kh-29T: {{convert|685|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />Kh-29TE: {{convert|690|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| length             = Kh-29L/T: {{convert|390|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />Kh-29TE: {{convert|387.5|cm|ftin|abbr=on|0}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| height             = 
| diameter           = {{convert|38.0|cm|in|abbr=on}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| wingspan           = {{convert|110|cm|in|abbr=on}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| speed              = {{convert|2200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" /><br />
Kh-29ML: 900–1,260&nbsp;km/h (560–780&nbsp;mph)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/I_KH-29.HTM |title=KH-29 |access-date=2008-09-05 |encyclopedia=The Probert Encyclopaedia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602012818/http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/I_KH-29.HTM |archive-date=2008-06-02 }}</ref>
| vehicle_range      = Kh-29L: {{convert|10|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />Kh-29T: {{convert|12|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />Kh-29TE: {{convert|30|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} <ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
| ceiling            = 
| altitude           = 
| filling            = HE [[armour-piercing]]<ref name="TMC"/>
| filling_weight     = {{convert |320|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="TMC" />
| detonation         = Impact <ref name="TMC" />
| yield              = 
| guidance           = Kh-29L: semi-active [[laser guidance]]<br />Kh-29T/TE: [[passive homing]] [[TV guidance]]<br />Kh-29D: [[infrared homing]] guidance (IIR)<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-DzknmTgDUC&pg=PA236|title=The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems, 1997–1998|isbn=9781557502681|access-date=23 December 2014|last1=Friedman|first1=Norman|year=1997}}</ref><ref name="deagel.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Anti-Armor-Weapons-and-Missiles/Kh-29D_a001029003.aspx|title=Kh-29D|work=deagel.com}}</ref><br />Kh-29MP: [[active radar homing]]<ref name="sci.fi">{{cite web|url=http://www.sci.fi/~fta/ruaf-3-8.htm |title=Russian Air Force 3.8 |access-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614055914/http://www.sci.fi/~fta/ruaf-3-8.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref>
| launch_platform    = Kh-29L&T: MiG-27K,<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> MiG-29,<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />Su-22<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />,Su-27UB,<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> Su-30MK,<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /> Su-39<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />

Kh-29L only: Su-25<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />
Kh-29T only: Su-35<ref name="Rosoboronexport" /><br />
Also: [[Mirage F1]]E,<ref name="JEOS" /> [[Sukhoi Su-17|Su-17/22]],<ref name="JEOS" /> [[Su-24]],<ref name="JEOS" /> [[Su-33]], [[Su-34]], [[Su-37]]
}}
[[File:Kh-29L (1).jpg|thumb|Kh-29]]

The '''Kh-29''' ({{langx|ru|[[Kha (Cyrillic)|Х]]-29}}; [[NATO reporting name|NATO:]] '''AS-14 '[[Anchor#Kedging|Kedge]]{{'}}'''; [[GRAU]]: '''9M721''') is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[air-to-surface missile]] with a range of 10–30&nbsp;km. It has a large warhead of 320&nbsp;kg, has a choice of laser, infrared, active radar or TV guidance, and is typically carried by tactical aircraft such as the [[Su-24]], [[Su-30]], [[MiG-29K]] as well as the [[Su-25]], giving these aircraft an expanded standoff capability.

The Kh-29 is intended for primary use against larger battlefield targets and infrastructure such as industrial buildings, depots and bridges,<ref name="Janes" /> but can also be used against ships up to 10,000 tonnes, hardened aircraft shelters and concrete runways.<ref name="TMC">{{citation |url=http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/513/514/ |title=X-29TE / X-29L |publisher=Tactical Missiles Corporation |access-date=2009-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928104045/http://eng.ktrv.ru/production_eng/323/513/514/ |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Development ==
Design started in the late 1970s at the [[OKB-4 Molniya|Molniya]] design bureau in [[Ukrainian SSR]] on what would be their only air-to-ground munition, but when they moved exclusively to space work [[Vympel]] took over development of the Kh-29.<ref name="Janes" /> The first firing of the missile took place in 1976 and after extensive trials the Kh-29 was accepted into service in 1980.<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" />

== Design ==
The basic aerodynamic layout of the Kh-29 is similar to the Molniya [[R-60 (missile)|R-60]] (AA-8 'Aphid'), reflecting Molniya's heritage in air-to-air missiles.<ref name="Janes" /> The laser guidance head came from the [[Kh-25]] (AS-10 'Karen') and the TV guidance from the [[Kh-59]] (AS-13 'Kingbolt'), mated to a large warhead.<ref name="JEOS">{{citation |url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/Vympel-Kh-29-AS-14-Kedge-Russian-Federation.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126190320/http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/Vympel-Kh-29-AS-14-Kedge-Russian-Federation.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-26 |title=Vympel Kh-29 (AS-14 'Kedge') |journal=Jane's Electro-Optic Systems |date=2008-09-04 |access-date=2009-02-06}}</ref>

It has been compared to the United States' [[AGM-65 Maverick]], but the AGM-65 is a much smaller missile than the Kh-29, and weighs less than half as much.<ref name="Janes" />

Compared to the [[AGM-65 Maverick]], the Kh-29 has a 20% higher top speed (1,150&nbsp;km/h vs 1,470&nbsp;km/h) and a much bigger warhead (320&nbsp;kg vs 136&nbsp;kg).{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

== Operational history ==
The Kh-29 entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1980, and has been widely exported since.

The Kh-29L was used by [[Sukhoi Su-34]] and [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24]] aircraft in the 2015 [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War]].<ref name=reuters-20151004>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-missile-idUKKCN0RY09820151004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114153120/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-missile-idUKKCN0RY09820151004 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2016 |title=Russian air force using laser-guided KH-29L missiles in Syria – RIA |author=Polina Devitt |publisher=Reuters |date=4 October 2015 |access-date=7 October 2015}}</ref>

=== 2014 Libyan conflict ===
Kh-29 missiles were supplied to [[Libya]] in the 1980s for use on the [[Libyan Air Force]]'s Su-24s. These aircraft have all been destroyed during the [[2011 military intervention in Libya|2011 NATO-led intervention]], and no other aircraft in the Libyan arsenal could use these missiles. Hence, they have been transformed into unguided surface-to-surface rockets, launched from modified trucks and with their fins and ailerons at the front and back removed for a somewhat more stable flight path. They were used by [[National Salvation Government]] forces around [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] in 2014, during the [[Second Libyan Civil War]] (they were seized from [[Ghardabiya Air Base]] depots).<ref name="oryxspioenkop.com">{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Kh-29 Air-To-Surface Missiles Used As Unguided Rockets In Libya |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2014/08/kh-29-air-to-surface-missiles-used-as.html |website=Oryx Blog |access-date=17 February 2022 |date=18 August 2014}}</ref>

=== 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine === 
The Kh-29 missile has possibly seen limited use in the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], being fired from [[Su-34]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1518719872133472257|user=RALee85|title=Video of a Russian Su-34 bomber reportedly launching a Kh-29 air-to-ground missile while popping flares.…|date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref>Bronk, J. (2023, April). ''Russian combat air strengths and Limitations''. CNA. Retrieved April 27, 2023, from https://www.cna.org/reports/2023/04/russian-combat-air-strengths-and-limitations  p.10.</ref>

== Variants ==
* '''Kh-29L''' ('''Izdeliye 63''', ''''Kedge-A'''')<ref name="Janes" /> uses a semi-active laser seeker and has a range of 8–10&nbsp;km.<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
* '''Kh-29ML''' is an upgraded version of the Kh-29L.<ref name="Janes">{{citation | url=http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jalw/jalw2921.html | title=Kh-29 (AS-14 'Kedge') | journal = Jane's Air-Launched Weapons | date=2008-08-06 }} {{dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref>
* '''Kh-29T''' ('''Izdeliye 64''', ''''Kedge-B'''')<ref name="Janes" /> is the TV-guided version, which is fitted with automatic optical homing to a distinguishable object indicated by the pilot.
* '''Kh-29TE'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Kh-29TE|website=Rosoboronexport|url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/air-to-air-missile/kh-29te/}}</ref> is a long-range (30&nbsp;km) development of the Kh-29T.<ref name="Rosoboronexport">{{citation|title=AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue |url=http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030213111/http://www.rusarm.ru/cataloque/air_craft/aircraft.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-30 |publisher=Rosoboronexport State Corporation |last=Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service |page=122 }}</ref> The minimum range is 3&nbsp;km; launch altitude is 200–10,000&nbsp;m.<ref name="Rosoboronexport" />
* '''Kh-29MP''' is a variant that uses [[active radar homing]], making it a [[fire-and-forget]] weapon. It has a 250&nbsp;kg warhead and a 12&nbsp;km range.<ref name="books.google.com" /><ref name="sci.fi" />
* '''Kh-29D''' is the fourth variant of the Kh-29TE which uses [[imaging infrared]] guidance.<ref name="books.google.com" /><ref name="deagel.com" />

== Operators ==
[[File:Kh-29 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with Kh-29 operators in blue with former operators in red]]

=== Current operators ===
* {{ALG}}: [[Algerian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waronline.org/mideast/algir.htm |title=Вооруженные силы Алжира |access-date=2013-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018040128/http://www.waronline.org/mideast/algir.htm |archive-date=2013-10-18 }}</ref>
* {{BLR}}: [[Belarusian Air Force]] on its modernized [[MiG-29]]BMs.<ref name="Kh-29 25 years">{{cite web |first=Michal A. |last=Fiszer |url=http://edefense.blogspot.com/2005/12/25-years-of-service-of-russian-kh-29.html |title=25 years of service of Russian Kh-29 missile |publisher=Situational Awareness |access-date=2008-09-07 |archive-date=22 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522112307/http://edefense.blogspot.com/2005/12/25-years-of-service-of-russian-kh-29.html |url-status=dead }} Written by Polish former Su-22 pilot</ref>
* {{BUL}}: [[Bulgarian Air Force]] on its [[Su-22]]M4s,<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" /> which were withdrawn from service in 2004.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Also used on Su-25s.
* {{CHN}}: [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] – received 2,000 Kh-29Ts in 2002<ref>{{citation |first=Bill |last=Gertz |title=China test-fires new air-to-air missile; Taiwan likely to get upgraded arms |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=2002-07-01 |page=A1}}</ref> for use on their Su-27SKs, Su-27UBKs, Su-30MKKs, [[Shenyang J-11]]s and possibly their [[Xian JH-7|JH-7s]] and [[Nanchang Q-5|Q-5]]s.<ref>{{citation|first=Richard D. Jr. |last=Fisher |title=The Impact Of Foreign Weapons And Technology On The Modernization Of China's People's Liberation Army |pages=4–2C |url=http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2004/04fisher_report/7airforcesystems.htm |date=January 2004 |publisher=US-China Economic and Security Review Commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429145750/http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2004/04fisher_report/7airforcesystems.htm |archive-date=2007-04-29 }}</ref>
* {{ETH}}: [[Ethiopian Air Force]], Kh-29T on its Su-25TKs<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Tankovy Busters: Su-25TK Attack Aircraft In Ethiopian Service |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/08/tankovy-busters-russian-su-25tk-attack.html |website=Oryx |date=26 August 2021}}</ref>
* {{GEO}}: [[Georgian Air Force]] on its [[Su-25]]KM Scorpions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=39&Itemid=9&lang=en|title=Fighter SU-25KM (Scorpion)|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>
* {{IND}}: [[Indian Air Force]] on its [[Su-30MKI]]s<ref name="Kh-29 25 years"/> and [[Indian Navy]] on its [[MiG-29K]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/mig-29k.htm|title=MiG-29K FULCRUM|author=John Pike|publisher=GlobalSecurity|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>
* {{INA}}: the [[Indonesian Air Force]] uses the Kh-29TE on its [[Su-30MK2]]s<ref>2011 Annual Report of Tactical Missile Corporation, {{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |title=BMPD - Портфель экспортных заказов КТРВ |access-date=2013-07-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821071032/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html |archive-date=2012-08-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Gita |last=Irawan |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/04/20/ksau-apresiasi-keberhasilan-tes-rudal-kh-29te-dari-pesawat-sukhoi-tni-au |title=KSAU Apresiasi Keberhasilan Tes Rudal KH-29TE dari Pesawat Sukhoi TNI AU |publisher=Tribunnews |access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>
* {{IRI}}: [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force]] on its Su-24s
* {{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Yefim |last2=Komissarov |first2=Dmitriy |title=Mikoyan MiG-23 & MiG-27 |date=2019 |publisher=Crécy Publishing |location=Manchester |isbn=978-1-91080-931-0 |page=403}}</ref>
* {{PRK}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/photo-north-korean-fighter-jet-missile-after-kim-base-visit-2020-4|title = Rare photo of North Korean fighter jet firing air-to-air missile emerges after Kim Jong Un visits air base|website = [[Business Insider]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Libya|2011}}: [[National Salvation Government]]<ref name="oryxspioenkop.com"/>
* {{MYS}}: [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] used on its [[Sukhoi Su-30MKM|Su-30MKM]]s<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Trade Registers |url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref>
* {{PER}}: [[Peruvian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tincopa |first1=Amaru |title=MiG-29 over the skies of the condor |url=https://indd.adobe.com/view/94bd0a2c-a935-4b3a-8100-3f109fe86d94 |work=Revista Pucará |issue=10 |date=November-December 2021 |page=26}}</ref>
* {{POL}}: [[Polish Air Force]] on its [[Su-22]]M4s.<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" />
* {{RUS}}: [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref name="Kh-29 25 years"/>
* {{SRB}}: [[Serbian Air Force]], Kh-29TE on the [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29SM]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Banković |first1=Živojin |title=Kako je lovac postao višenamenski borbeni avion: Detalji novog naoružanja na premijeri modernizovanih MiG-ova 29SM |url=https://tangosix.rs/2022/03/05/kako-je-lovac-postao-visenamenski-borbeni-avion-detalji-novog-naoruzanja-na-premijeri-modernizovanih-mig-ova-29sm/ |website=tangosix.rs |date=3 May 2022}}</ref>
* {{SYR}}: [[Syrian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=The Syrian Arab Air Force - Beware of its Wings |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2015/01/the-syrian-arab-air-force-beware-of-its.html |website=Oryx Blog |access-date=17 February 2022 |date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
* {{UKR}}: [[Ukrainian Air Force]]<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" />
* {{VEN}}<ref name="mdb 2008/4">{{Cite journal |title=Tactical Missiles Corporation Missile Exportation Since 1992 |journal=[[Moscow Defense Brief]] |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/94687/2008_4.pdf |issue=4/2008 |page=27}}</ref>
* {{VIE}}<ref name="mdb 2008/4"/>
* {{YEM}}: [[Yemeni Air Force]] on its [[MiG-29]]s<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7 |page=14}}</ref>

=== Former operators ===
* {{CZS}}: [[Czechoslovak Air Force]] – passed onto successor states<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" />
* {{GDR}}: [[Air Forces of the National People's Army|East German Air Force]]<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" />
* {{GER}}: Phased out after [[German reunification]]
* {{HUN}}: [[Hungarian Air Force]] on [[Su-22]]M3s
* {{flag|Iraq|1963}}: [[Iraqi Air Force]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Sipos |first2=Milos |title=Iraqi Mirages. The Dassault Mirage Family in Service with the Iraqi Air Force, 1981-1988 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-912-390311 |page=75}}</ref>
* {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977}}: [[Libyan Air Force]] – Left without launch platforms after all Su-24s were destroyed in the [[2011 Libyan civil war|civil war]] and subsequent [[2011 military intervention in Libya|NATO bombings]]. Subsequently used in a surface-to-surface role.<ref name="oryxspioenkop.com"/>
* {{SVK}}: [[Slovak Air Force]] – [[Su-22|Su-22M4s]]<ref name="Kh-29 25 years" />
* {{USSR}}: [[Soviet Air Force]] – passed on to successor states

== See also ==
* [[Kh-25]] (AS-10/12 'Karen/Kegler') – 320&nbsp;kg missile with 90&nbsp;kg warhead and 10–25&nbsp;km range
* [[AGM-65 Maverick]] – 200–300&nbsp;kg missile with 57–135&nbsp;kg warhead and 27&nbsp;km range
* [[AGM-62 Walleye]] I – 1967 US glide bomb delivering 385&nbsp;kg warhead over 30&nbsp;km.

== Notes ==
{{Commons category|Vympel Kh-29}}
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{Citation|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two|year=2004|location=Hinckley, England|publisher=Midland Publishing|isbn=1-85780-188-1}}

{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ASM}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

[[Category:Cold War air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union|Kh-029]]
[[Category:Vympel NPO products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]]