View source for Kedgeree

{{Short description|Fish and rice-based dish}}
{{distinguish|text=the Indian village of [[Khijri]] or [[Khejuri II#Khijri|Kedgeree]]}}
{{Infobox prepared food
| name             = Kedgeree
| image            = Kedgeree.jpg
| image_size       = 250
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| country          = [[India]] and [[Scotland]]
| region           =
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| course           =
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| main_ingredient  = Rice, smoked haddock, eggs, parsley, butter or cream
| variations       =
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}}

'''Kedgeree''' (or occasionally {{not a typo|'''kitcherie''', '''kitchari''', '''kidgeree''', '''kedgaree''', '''kitchiri''', '''khichuri''', or '''kaedjere'''}}) is a [[Dish (food)|dish]] consisting of cooked, flaked [[Fish as food|fish]] (traditionally [[smoking (food)|smoked]] [[haddock]]), boiled [[rice]], [[parsley]], hard-boiled [[egg (food)|eggs]], [[curry powder]], [[lemon]] juice, [[salt]], [[butter]] or [[cream]], and occasionally [[Sultana (grape)#Raisins|sultanas]].

The dish can be eaten hot or cold. Other fish can be used instead of haddock such as tuna or salmon,<ref name="scotrec">{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishrecipes.co.uk/kedgeree.htm |title=Recipe for kedgeree |website=Scottishrecipes.co.uk |date=2007-06-06 |access-date=2009-03-12}}</ref> though these are not traditional. In Scotland, [[kipper]]s are often substituted for the smoked haddock.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/feb/11/allegra-mcevedy-kipper-kedgeree|title=Allegra McEvedy's kipper kedgeree recipe|first=Allegra|last=McEvedy|date=February 11, 2010|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deliciousmagazine.co.uk/recipes/kipper-kedgeree/|title=Kipper kedgeree|website=Deliciousmagazine.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/kipperkedgeree_87265|title=Kipper kedgeree recipe|website=BBC Food}}</ref>

In India, [[khichdi|khichari]] is any of a large variety of [[legume]]-and-[[rice]] dishes. These dishes are made with a spice mixture designed for each recipe and either dry-toasted or fried in oil before inclusion. This dish was heavily adapted by the [[British Raj|British]], resulting in a dish almost unrecognisably different from the original khichari.

==History==
Kedgeree is thought to have originated with the [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] rice-and-bean or rice-and-lentil dish [[khichdi|khichuṛī]], traced back to 1340 or earlier.<ref name="Spotted Dog 1997, p. 12">''Lobscouse and Spotted Dog; Which It's a Gastronomic Companion to the Aubrey/Maturin Novels'', Anne Chotzinoff Grossman and Lisa Grossman Thomas, Norton, 1997, p. 12. {{ISBN|978-0-393-32094-7}}</ref> ''[[Hobson-Jobson]]'' cites [[ibn Battuta]] ({{circa|1340}}) mentioning a dish of munj ([[mung beans]]) boiled with rice called kishrī and cites a recipe for khichdi from the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' ({{circa|1590|lk=no}}). In [[Gujarat]], where khichdi remains popular, the lentil and rice dish is usually served with kadhi, a spiced yogurt dish that can be mixed with the khichdi. Khichdi is usually not prepared with fish in Gujarat, although fish is sometimes eaten with khichdi in coastal villages where seafood is plentiful. According to ''Hobson-Jobson'', while fish is eaten with kedgeree, the use of the term for "mess of re-cooked fish ... is inaccurate".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:302.hobson |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715234629/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:302.hobson |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-15 |title=Hobson-Jobson entry on Kedgeree |work=Hobson-Jobson: A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive |last=Yule |first=Sir Henry }} New ed. edited by William Crooke, B.A. London: J. Murray, 1903</ref>

The [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] (d.1707) was fond of the Alamgiri Khichdi, a variety featuring fish and boiled eggs. It is widely believed that the dish was brought to the [[United Kingdom]] by returning [[British India|British colonials]] who had enjoyed it in [[India]] and introduced it to the UK as a [[breakfast]] dish in [[Victorian era|Victorian]] times, part of the fashionable [[Anglo-Indian cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deliaonline.com/recipes/buttery-kedgeree,1284,RC.html |title=Buttery Kedgeree |access-date=2008-03-10 |last=Smith |first=Delia |website=Deliaonline.com}}</ref> The dish was listed as early as 1790 in the recipe book of Stephana Malcolm of Burnfoot, [[Dumfriesshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october|title=Sustainable shore - October recipe - Year of Food and Drink 2015 - National Library of Scotland|website=Nls.uk}}</ref> The [[National Trust for Scotland]]'s book ''The Scottish Kitchen'' by Christopher Trotter notes the Malcolm recipe and other old examples, expressing the belief that the dish was devised by Scottish regiments hankering for the tastes of India.<ref name="Scottish Kitchen">{{cite book |last1=Trotter |first1=Christopher |title=The Scottish Kitchen |year=2004 |publisher=Aurum Press |location=London |isbn=1-85410-979-0 |page=49 |edition=1st}}</ref> By the 19th century, Kedgeree had become a sophisticated breakfast/brunch dish in England, appearing, for example, in a [[Saki]] short story, "A Bread and Butter Miss".<ref name="Munro1998">{{cite book |last1=Munro |first1=H. H. |title=The Complete Saki |year=1998 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-118078-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU_sxUxGtE0C&pg=PA433|page=433 |chapter=A Bread and Butter Miss}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Fish curry (disambiguation)|Fish curry]]
* [[Koshary]], a related Egyptian dish
* [[List of seafood dishes]]
* [[List of rice dishes]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|kedgeree}}
* {{Cookbook-inline}}

{{Rice dishes}}
{{Scottish cuisine}} 


[[Category:Fish dishes]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian rice dishes]]
[[Category:Victorian cuisine]]
[[Category:Anglo-Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Curry dishes]]
[[Category:British fish dishes]]