View source for Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast

{{Short description|Autonomy of the Kalmyk people in the Russian SFSR}}
{{onesource|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = {{native name|ru|Калмыцкая автономная область|italics=off}}<br/>{{native name|xal|Хальмг Автономн Таңhч|italics=off}}
|conventional_long_name = Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast
|common_name = Kalmyk AO
|subdivision = [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|Autonomous oblast]]
|nation = the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]
|life_span = 1920–1935<br/>1957–1958
|capital = Astrakhan (1920–1928)<br/>Elista (1928–1935; 1957–1958)
|today = [[Kalmykia]]
|year_start = 1920
|year_end = 1958
|p1 =
|s1 = 
|flag_s1 =
}}

'''Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast''' (AO) ({{Langx|ru|Калмыцкая автономная область}}; [[Kalmyk Oirat|Kalmyk]]: Хальмг Автономн Таңhч, ''Xaľmg Awtonomn Tañhç'') was an autonomy of the [[Kalmyk people]] within the [[Russian SFSR]] that existed at two separate periods.

It was first established in November 1920. Its administrative center was [[Astrakhan]].  In June 1928, it was included into [[Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Lower Volga Krai]].  In January 1934, Lower Volga Krai was split into [[Saratov Oblast|Saratov Krai]] and [[Volgograd Oblast|Stalingrad Krai]], and Kalmyk AO was included as a part of the latter.  In October 1935, Kalmyk AO was raised in status and became the [[Kalmyk ASSR]] (abolished in 1943).

Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established again in January 1957, this time as part of [[Stavropol Oblast|Stavropol Krai]]. In 1958, it was raised in status, becoming the Kalmyk ASSR, and separated from Stavropol Krai.

== Population ==
According to the 1920 census, 126,256 people lived on the region's territory, including 124,501 rural and 1,655 urban inhabitants. At the same time, the predominant population was Kalmyks - 84,950 people, Russians, according to the census, numbered 40,034 people, the rest - Ukrainians, Tatars, Kirghiz, and others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-27 |title=history08.ru |url=http://www.history08.ru/?p=2082 |access-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427100438/http://www.history08.ru/?p=2082 |archive-date=2017-04-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

* [[Kalmyks]] - 67.28%
* [[Russians]] - 31.7%
* Others - 1%

* [[Rural area|Rural]] - 98.6%
* [[Urban area|Urban]] - 1.31%

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Autonomous Oblasts of the Soviet Union}}

{{coord missing|Russia}}

[[Category:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1920]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:1958 disestablishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:History of Kalmykia]]

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