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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}}
{{Religion of Ayyavazhi}}{{Hinduism}}
{{for|places in Iran|Kaliyan, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Kaliyan, Iran}}

'''[[Kali (demon)|Kali]]''' (Kaliyan in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of [[Kroni]] (evil) according to [[Akilathirattu Ammanai|Akilathirattu]], the source of [[Ayyavazhi mythology]] and the holy book of [[Ayyavazhi]] religion. Unlike other previous manifestations, [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] spread in this [[yuga]]m (yukam in Tamizh) as [[Maya (illusion)|maya]] (illusion). Details of Kali were restated in Ayyavazhi Religion and he is the same [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] mentioned in [[Kalki Purana]].

== Kali Yugam ==
{{main|Kali Yuga}}

As the time is close to the ascendancy of [[Kali Yuga]], a sage named '''Guru Muni''' told [[Sivan|Shiva]], "Your greatness, the [[Kroni]] was created and fragmented into six parts. Five of those parts were made to take birth. However, because none of them obeyed you, all were destroyed by [[Vishnu]](Mayon/Thirumal in Tamizh), and his spirit (the spirit Vishnu took only in the [[Avatar]]s) was kept in [[Parvatha Ucchi Malai]] (In Sanskrit 'uccha' means high, in Tamil 'malai' means mountain). Nonetheless, by the ''sixth'' fragment, Kroni still has a birth in Kali Yugam." He also requested that in this yugam his sixth fragment should be created with a body with eight ''chans'' (spans - distance from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger extended). Shiva made a proposal to create Kali, in the following manner.

Accepting Guru Muni's request, Shiva replied, "Good. Didn't [[Vishnu]] have to come?" '''Deva Muni''' replied, "Vishnu was in his ‘Sleep of Wisdom’ (sleeping) in the world." Hearing this, Shiva assembled the following beings: '''[[Vasishta]]''' Guru of Govuha(? Needs Sanskrit equivalent),  [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] of [[Deiva Lokam]], the members of Vaikunta Lokam Kinneras(Kina nathar in Tamizh), Kimpurusha(Kimburudar in Tamizh),and members from all other worlds. He also assembled all the Deiva Ganas. Then he asked the gathering, Is Vishnu in Vaikuntam? If he is not there, then where is he? The conclave repeated that, Vishnu was dead lying (without any activities) in the lower world ([[Earth]]).

Hearing this, Shiva replied, "All the previous five fragments were destroyed since they did not respect us. Now it’s his sixth birth, but, even now, he doesn’t realize that no other chances will be provided and he will be sentenced to death. And so, in this birth, he will be created as a human being with the following talents: [[aesthetics]], [[wisdom]], [[beauty]], and sharp [[intelligence (trait)|intelligence]]. In the previous [[Yuga]]s, Vishnu took a body of four spans and head one span. In this yuga, [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] will be given a body the same size of that of Vishnu in all previous yugas. That way, Kali will have no reason for his defeat to argue that is similar to the previous ones. Does anyone have any opinions or objections about it?" The proposal was accepted unanimously by the Devas, chiranjeevin [[Wise Old Man|sage]]s, and the [[brahmin]]s, those who read scriptures. Therefore, [[Shiva]] decided to create [[Kali (demon)|Kali]].

== Birth of Kali ==

At the very moment [[Shiva]] made his decision, [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] formed, as a human male, and pushed himself out of the earth in an inverted form. All of Shiva's advisors were amazed and moved by this sight. All of those who witnessed the creation of Kali went to Sivan and reported it to him. At once, Shiva rise from his seat and started walking to see this wonder. Then Nandhi/Nandheesha(Nantheesurar in Tamizh) came across him and said, "Your greatness, you are the one who can’t wholly be known, even by devas. Why are you here? Can I know the reason?" Sivan replied, "I heard that there is a being, born inverted, against dhanam (rule of the land), whose legs were towards sky and head towards flower (flower here - earth). So I am going there, because I want to see it for myself". Hearing this, Nandhi complained, "Dhanam was overtaken, not there, but here. If something happened, you would normally be on your seat, up in [[Mount Kailash|Kayilai]], and you would control everything. But now all the procedures are disintegrated. Because you stood up from your seat, the whole world will suffer and the dharmam will dissolve. Warfare and deception will rule the world. The land will lack rainfall. The true scripture, which tells about the [[Brahmam]], will be substantially lost." Because of his complaint, Nandhi, along with Siva, returned to Kailaasham.(Kayilai in Tamizh)

== Nature of Kaliyan ==

After getting back to Kailaasham, Nandhi told Shiva, "We'll call Chithira Buthira (Chithira Buthira in Tamizh) and ask him to describe [[Kali (demon)|Kali]]". This request was honored. Chithra Buthira described Kali thusly: "He was born from the sixth fragment of [[Kroni]]. His body was made by assembling [[earth]], [[sky]] and [[fire]]. The water will be Kali's strength. The vayu ([[air]]) will be the [[prana]] for him. Kali will be the most cruel one, of all the six fragments." Chithira Buthira also noted that [[Thirumal|Mayon]] had taken a 4-span body in the previous yugas, as [[Narasimha]], [[Rama]], and [[Krishna]], and so Kali, in this yuga, was born with the body of same size, and he pushed himself out of the earth.

After hearing this, [[Shiva]] asked Chitra Buthira to tell about Kali's lifespan, qualities, and power. Chitra Buthira responded with a narrative. Buthira said, "Because [Kali] was born without the instrumentality of normal human parentage, all the [[Tatvas|96 Tatvas]] in his physique are rude and unrefined. Also, because of his unusual birth, he would have his [[intelligence (trait)|intelligence]] and [[sense|five senses]] rooted in falsehood. His [[human eye|eye]]s, [[human leg|leg]]s and [[human head|head]] will lead Kali towards sin. His nature is not knowing the true nature of the things here. He will have a life span of about a hundred years, and he will attain maturity at the age of fourteen. He will have about ten hundred thousand drops of [[semen]] in his body." (Some sources claim this as 10 lakh drops of blood, not semen). "He will attain full bodily maturity at the age of 31. Kali's body, which was built up with blood, bone, veins and muscle, are made of water and earth, and this is used for nothing (useless). His body will have 9 openings outside. This toy (i.e., body) will be controlled by a bird (i.e., [[soul]]), and when it’s time for the bird to go, it will fly away, leaving the toy here, and thereby the bird will have no relation with the toy. This bird and the body is free for him in this yuga. And until the bird is with him, Kali's savageness cannot be tolerated. Since his nature is like this, and since he is built up of savageness, he will not be thankful."

== Kali in Kailasham (Kayilai in Tamizh)==

[[Shiva]], now even more interested in [[Kali (demon)|Kali]], wanted to see him, so after a deep discussion, Shiva asked [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]], [[demon]]s, [[Durga]], and 3 crore (or 30 million) [[ghost]]s to bring him to Kailasham. All  of them went in front of Kali and told him that, "You are asked by Shiva to come to Kailasham". Kali gave a lackluster response. He rolled over, but still his head was inside the [[earth]] and the earth was sticky. He was not able to come out. The [[sky]] ignored the going-ons as well. Because of this failure to come out, Kailasham trembled, and the witnesses shivered. So some of the spooked witnesses headed to Kailasham and told Shiva that Kali was unable to come out, and the earth was suffering because of that failure.  Shiva made a plan. He asked a kammalan, or craftsman, to make a single fork,  and asked Nandhi to carry Kali out, using that fork. This proved successful: Nandhi took the fork, walked towards Kali, and took him out of the earth with the fork. As soon as Kali was out, the resulting opening in the earth promptly shut. All of the parties at the site then pulled Kali to Kailasham and presented him to Shiva.

== Birth of Durukthi (Kalicchi in Tamizh)==
{{main|Kalicchi}}

When [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] was presented to Shiva, Shiva asked Kali, "What would you like to have?". Kali, asking the devas or a third party, said, "Is that fellow ready to give me what I need, because he wears a [[snake]] on his neck and ash on his forehead, and because he sits on an elephant skin?" Kali disgraced [[Shiva]] with this question, causing the devas to advise Kali, "Don’t disgrace Shiva. He was the one who created the world. He was the one who offered food for every life in the world. He was the light which was not even visible to [[Thirumal|Mayon]] and [[Vethan]]. (This is an allusion to when Shiva appeared in a form of endless [[lingam]] of light when there was a dispute between Mayon and Nathan as to who is the greatest and in order to subdue their pride.) Don't worry, he will be able to give what you claim." Kali replied, "If he was the one who made the world, ask him to create a beautiful girl for me."

As per his request, a lady named Durukthi was created from his left rib-bone. And then Kali understood the power of Sivan.

== Kali Claiming boons ==
Seeing all these, the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] asked Kali to thank Shiva, and the Devas also asked him to claim the boons (blessings and permissions). Kali accepted this, saying, "Your highness, thank you for creating a lady for me. Would you mind giving me other items I need?" Shiva told, "What do you want?" Since Shiva had agreed to offer Kali boons, he started asking for boons which control the whole [[Universe]]. This panicked all of the logas, who shivered on hearing the boons of Kali.

Upon hearing of this fright, [[Shiva]] asked [[Parvathi]] what to do. She replied, "You must satisfy all of Kali's requests, but the fulfillment should be performed under technique." Shiva provided those boons in a roundabout way: he created a man named [[Agastya]](Agatheesar in tamizh, Agasthyar in Grantha Tamizh) with his mind, so that the boons would be given through that man. Agastya was also created with great knowledge of every subject. Having done this, Shiva ordered the newly made Agastya to give Kali all of the boons that he had claimed. Obeying this, Agastya Rushi offered all the boons to Kali and taught him all of the subjects, including the 'Technique of Living Forever'. Subsequently, Agastya reported those accomplishments to Sivan. Among the boons reportedly given (or sold to) Kali, according to Agastya, were the [[Chakram]] and [[Crown (headgear)|Crown]] of Vishnu. Agastya concluded in his report, "If all these boons are with [Kali], it is impossible to destroy him."

{{anchor|Boons}}The boons were:<ref>* G. Patrick, ''Religion and Subaltern Agency'', University of Madras, 2003.</ref><ref>N. Vivekanandan, ''Akilathirattu Ammanai Moolamum Uraiyum''.</ref>
*The Crown, [[Chakram]] and features of [[Thirumal]].
*Sacred ash of [[Shiva|Sivan]].
*Birth of  [[Brahmins]].
*Power, and features of [[Shiva|Siva]].
*Power and features of [[Shakti]].
*Power of [[Austerity]].
*Power and Features of [[Vethan|Nathan]].
*Power and features of [[Lakshmi]].
*Power and features of [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]].
*Power and features of [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]].
*Power and features of Virgin [[Saraswati]].
*Power and features of [[Kali]].
*Power and features of [[Ganesh]].
*Power and features of [[Muruga]].
*Power to screen the activities of [[Ekam]].
*Qualities and Features of [[Prophet]]s.
*Power and Features of the Whole [[Universe]].
*The technique of transferring from one body to another.
*The technique of destroying the world by serious diseases and robbery.
*The technique of making the whole world fall sleep, by which he might fulfill his needs.
*The capability of sensing danger.
*The technique of controlling one's power of speech.
*The technique of separating husband and wife.
*The technique of creating frustration among common people, by which destroying them.
*The technique of killing by practicing [[magic (paranormal)|magic]].
*The technique of arresting the actions of [[Nature]].
*The embryo (from which it forms) of nature.
*The rules and regulations for practicing [[witchcraft]], [[black magic|blackmagic]] etc.
*The capability of controlling and creating desires.
*The rules  and regulations of [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]].
*The rules and regulations of  [[Theetchai]].
*The fate of [[Sivam]].
*The technique of floating on [[water]] and [[fire]].
*The capability to land on and control the [[moon]].
*The technique of commanding and controlling animals.
*The technique of controlling the planets and [[astrological]] phenomena which might disturb him.
*The formula of curing disease (medicine).
*The forms of [[Trimurti]], and the technique of knowing their origin and the formula for commanding them.
*The birth of Devas.
*The formula and technique of flying.
*The formula of commanding various [[deity|gods]].
*The formula of Screening.
*The formula for commanding [[Thirumal]].
*The formula for commanding [[Shakti]].
*The formula for commanding [[Kali]].
*The formula for commanding Devas.
*The formula for knowing the [[destiny|Fate]] of the future.
*The technique of stopping various exploding weapons, and escaping from them.
*The formula for controlling various [[venom (poison)|venomous]] beings.

He asked that by these techniques he might live in this world with the dynasty of people born from his semen. And he also asked that all his [[sense|Five senses]] should not forget the women (i.e.) his wife [[Kalicchi]].

== Promise of Kali ==

Meanwhile, [[Vishnu]], in the form of an old beggar (Pantaram in Tamizh) on his way to say good-bye to [[Shiva]], met with [[Kali (demon)|Kali]]. [[Vishnu]] asked [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] to donate him some of the boons which was given to him. Otherwise, Vishnu threatened, he would overwhelm Kali physically and then proceed with Kali's boons. Kali retorted, "You are an age-old person. Also, you have no army and no [[sword]] or any weapons. If I quarrel with you, even the lady on my side will degrade me. So how about this: why not move aside, and leave?". Then Vishnu replied, "Ok, make me a promise [to behave nicely]." Kali asked, "What should I make a promise on?" Vishnu responded, "Promise on your boons, kingdom, your lady, your military and your dynasty."  Kali thus declared: "I promise that if I create any troubles to beggars on earth, I, my lady, my boons, my [[monarchy|kingdoms]], and my [[military]] will all fail, my dynasty and I will die, and both my dynasty and I will go to hell." As [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] made his oath, Vishnu got the Chakram from Kali, cursed the Chakram as Money, and gave it back to him. As soon as it was cursed, the chakram asked Vishnu, "When will your curse finish?". Vishnu replied, "It'll be away from you when Kali is defeated."  Because Kali now had this new money, Kali told Durukthi, "We now have whatever we need." Kali went to Shiva and asked him to allow him to go to the world. By this point, Vishnu had asked the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] to write down all the happenings perfectly, and he was already walking towards Vaikuntam.

== Kali entering the world ==

[[Kali (demon)|Kali]] and Durukthi's entrance into the world caused a universal disaster. Upon seeing the two newcomers, all the good [[animal]]s, [[birds]], [[reptiles]], and even [[ethics]] (Neethi in Samskrtham) quit the world. The Animal kingdom started to experience immense torture. A large number of species all departed for Vaikuntam when Kali entered the world: White Elephants, White Lions, White tigers, Five-headed Snakes, White Swans, White Cuckoos, White Doves, White Peacocks, White Cobras, White Wolves, White Garudas, Hanuman, White Crows, White Deers, and Good Rhinoceros. The good Pearls, good Gems, the old Vedas, and good Shastras, also disappeared from the world. The Trishanku (Trichangu in Tamizh) went deep into the sea, along with everything originating in the sea. Gold went into the earth. All the idols of Gods, temples and the sutras (formulas) went into the water and earth. The rain which, up to this point, had fallen three times a month, stopped. Beautiful flowers vanished.

As the wicked Kali came to the world, the ocean waves became angry and washed away many parts of land. All the ethical people went into the forest from the country. There the eldest one among Pancha [[pandavas]], [[Yudhishthira]] asked the Dharma Neethi "If all of you have gone away, how can we get to [[Vaikuntam]]?". The Darma Neethi replied that the advent of Kali barred the ethical people from reaching Vaikuntam, and thus the Dharma Neethi were going to Vishnu. So the Panchapandavas followed them and headed to [[Vishnu]].

== See also ==
*[[Boons offered to Kaliyan]]
*[[Kalicchi]]
*[[Kali (Demon)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* G. Patrick (2003), ''Mythography of Ayyavali'', University of Madras, p.&nbsp;203.
*"Holy Akilathirattu", R. Hari Gopalan Citar, Thenthamarikualam, 10 December 1841, First Publication 1939
*"Holy Akilathirattu Scripture", R. Gopalakrishnan, Chennai, First Publication 2019, Published by Akilattirattu India Mission

{{Ayyavazhi large}}

[[Category:Ayyavazhi mythology]]
[[Category:Ayyavazhi mythical figures]]
[[Category:Creation myths]]