View source for KSR-2

{{for|the Korean sounding rocket|KSR-2 (sounding rocket)}}
{{for|the protein-coding gene|KSR2}}
{{more footnotes|date=December 2014}}

{{Infobox weapon
|name=KSR-2
|image=Крылатые ракеты и БПЛА-КСР-11, Полтава-4 RP2945.jpg
|caption=
|origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|type=[[Air-launched cruise missile]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
|is_explosive=yes
|is_missile=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service=1962 to 1990 (approx)
|used_by=[[Soviet Union]], Egypt, [[Iraq]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC&q=Iraq+KSR-2&pg=PA39|title=The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts|first=Spencer C.|last=Tucker|date=8 October 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851099481|access-date=23 January 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|wars=[[Yom Kippur War]], [[Iran–Iraq War]]<ref name="auto"/>
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=
|design_date=1958
|manufacturer=[[MKB Raduga]]
|unit_cost=
|production_date=
|number=1,000 +
|variants=KSR-11 [[anti-radiation missile]]<br>KRM-2 (MV-1) target drone
<!-- General specifications -->
|spec_label=KSR-2
|weight=4,077 kg
|length=8.647 m
|part_length=
|width=4.522 m (wingspan)
|height=
|diameter=1.0 m
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=
|caliber=
|action=
|rate=
|velocity=
|range=
|max_range=
|feed=
|sights=
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
|filling=High-explosive or nuclear
|filling_weight=1000 kg
|detonation=
|yield=1&nbsp;[[ TNT equivalent|Megaton]] (nuclear)
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|engine=S2.721V two mode rocket motor
|engine_power=1,200 kgp / 700 gbp
|vehicle_range=200 km
|speed=1,250 km/h
|guidance=[[Inertial guidance]] followed by terminal [[active radar homing]]
}}
The '''Raduga KSR-2''' ([[NATO reporting name]]: '''AS-5 "[[wiktionary:kelt|Kelt]]"''') was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[cruise missile]] developed to replace the [[Raduga KS-1 Komet|KS-1 Komet]] (NATO: AS-1 "Kennel"). It was developed in 1958 and entered service in 1962. The missile was normally armed with a conventional high-explosive warhead, although it could be fitted with a one-megaton nuclear warhead.

==Development==
Flight testing of the missile as part of the K-16 weapon system in 1958, with two missiles being carried on BD-352 pylons under the wings of a modified [[Tu-16]] bomber designated as  Tu-16KSR-2. The bomber was fitted with a newly developed Roobin-1K (Ruby) search and target illumination radar which has a maximum range of approximately 200 kilometers. During the tests, missiles were fired at ships and ground targets.

==Description==
The missile itself, like the earlier KS-1, is extremely large, nearly nine meters in length with a wingspan of approximately four and a half meters and weighing 4,000 kilograms. It has swept wings with two [[wing fence]]s on each wing.

The K-16 system was accepted into [[Soviet Navy]] service in 1962. [[Egypt]] purchased a number of the K-16 systems. An updated version of the missile entered service in 1967 designated the KSR-2M. It borrowed some features from the [[KSR-5|KSR-5 missile]] (NATO:AS-6 "Kingfish") including a new [[A.M. Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau|Isayev S5.6.0000]] rocket motor. This allowed the new missile to be launched from altitudes as low as 500 meters rather than the previous 1,500 meters.

The missile was prepared for launch by the navigator; the degree of automation provided by the Roobin-1K eliminated the need for a separate radar operator. For propulsion it used a liquid-fueled twin-chamber rocket motor that delivered {{cvt|1,200|kgf|kN lbf}} in boost mode and {{cvt|700|kgf|kN lbf}} in cruise mode. The fuel consisted of the [[Tonka (fuel)|TG-02]] (sometimes TT-S2) fuel and [[Red fuming nitric acid|AK-20F]] oxidizer which were toxic and highly corrosive, which made ground handling of the missile difficult.

Once the launching aircraft's radar has locked onto a target, the missile can be launched. The rocket motor fires immediately after release in boost mode, accelerating the missile to its cruise speed. Once the missile turns on an approach course to the target, the motor switches to cruise mode, shutting down one of its chambers. The missile's autopilot then flies a course using [[Inertial guidance system|inertial guidance]] toward the target. In anti-shipping mode the missile engages its [[J band (NATO)|J-band]] [[Active radar homing|active radar]] in the final approach to the target.

==Variants==
An anti-radar variant of the missile designated '''KSR-11''' was also produced, being externally almost identical to the KSR-2. The KSR-11 was intended to home in on and destroy air-defence radar and ECM facilities. The missile used a 2PRG-11 passive radar seeker.

A target drone version of the missile designated '''KRM-2''' (MV-1) also entered service in 1966, with a different rocket motor, a range of 376 kilometers and a level flight endurance of 433 seconds.

==Combat history==
Egyptian Tu-16 bombers reportedly launched 13 KSR-2 and 12 KSR-11 missiles during the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]]. One of the Kelt missiles launched at [[Tel Aviv]] from [[Tupolev Tu-16|Tu-16]] was shot down by an IAF jet.<ref>{{cite web|title=בעיצומו של יום הכיפורים הודיע דובר צה"ל: "סמוך לשעה 14:00, פתחו כוחות מצרים וסוריה|url=http://www.sky-high.co.il/134771/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%98-6-1-73|website=Israeli Air Force Journal|publisher=Israeli Air Force|access-date=13 February 2017|archive-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131060552/http://www.sky-high.co.il/134771/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%98-6-1-73|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4921722,00.html|title=5 שבועות לאחר התרסקות מטוסו: נפטר הטייס שהפיל ביום כיפור טיל מול שמי ת"א|date=2017-02-13|newspaper=Ynet|access-date=2017-02-13|language=he}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:KSR-2 operators.png|thumb|300px|Map with former KSR-2 operators in red]]

===Former operators===
; {{EGY}}
; {{IRQ}}
; {{USSR}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two|year=2004|location=Hinckley, England|publisher=Midland Publishing|isbn=1-85780-188-1}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Healey|first=John K.|title=Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy |magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]] |date=January–February 2004|issue=109 |pages=75–79 |issn=0143-5450}}
* {{cite book|title=Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems, Issue 44|author=Duncan Lennox}}
* {{cite book|title=Missiles of the World|author=Michael J.H. Taylor}}

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ASM}}
{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

[[Category:Cold War anti-ship missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Nuclear air-to-surface missiles]]
[[Category:Nuclear cruise missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Anti-ship missiles of the Soviet Union|KSR-002]]
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union|KSR-002]]
[[Category:MKB Raduga products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]