View source for KOSPI

{{Short description|Korean stock market index}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox financial index
| name         = KOSPI
| logo         =
| logo_upright =
| image        = Kospi-20170713.png
| image_upright=
| alt          =
| caption      = KOSPI performance between 1980 and 2020
| foundation   = {{start date and age|1980}}
| operator     =
| exchanges    = [[Korea Exchange]]
| symbol       = ^KS11
| constituents = 928
| cap_level    =
| mcap         = {{SK won|2,254 trillion|link=yes}} <small> ( January 2023) </small>
| weighting    =
| related      =
| homepage     =
| isin         =
| reuters      = 
| bloomberg    =
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=코스피지수
|hanja=코스피指數
|rr=Koseupi jisu
|mr=K'osŭp'i chisu
}}

The '''Korea Composite Stock Price Index''' or '''KOSPI''' ({{Korean|hangul=한국종합주가지수}}) is the index of all [[common stock]]s traded on the Stock Market Division—previously, Korea Stock Exchange—of the [[Korea Exchange]]. It is the representative [[stock market index]] of South Korea, analogous to the [[S&P 500]] in the United States.

KOSPI was introduced in 1983 with the base value of 100 as of 4 January 1980. It is calculated [[capitalization-weighted index|based on market capitalization]]. As of 2007, KOSPI's daily volume is hundreds of millions of shares, valued at trillions of [[South Korean won|won]].

==History==
KOSPI was introduced in 1983, replacing the Dow-style KCSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index).{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

For years, KOSPI moved below 1,000, peaking above 1,000 in April 1989, November 1994, and January 2000. On 17 June 1998, KOSPI recorded its largest one-day percentage gain of 8.50% (23.81 points), recovering from the bottom of the [[1997 Asian financial crisis|Asian financial crisis]]. On 12 September 2001, KOSPI had its largest one-day percentage drop of 12.02% (64.97 points) just after [[September 11 attacks|9/11]]. On 28 February 2005, KOSPI closed at 1,011.36, plunging to 902.88 in April. However, unlike previous [[bull trap]]s, it kept moving upward, breaking the long-standing 1,000-point resistance level.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In November 2005, the index's Korean name was officially changed to ''Koseupi jisu'' (코스피지수).{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

On 24 July 2007, KOSPI broke 2,000 level for the first time. On 25 July it closed at 2,004.22. On 20 August 2007, the index recovered 93.20 (5.69%), its largest one-day point gain, after the [[U.S. Federal Reserve]] lowered the [[Discount window|discount rate]]. On 16 October 2008, the index dropped 126.50 (9.44%), after the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] dropped 7.87%.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

On 23 November 2020, the index broke the record set in 2018 for the first time at 2,602.59 points, after the coronavirus pandemic of 2020 plunged the KOSPI to a low in March.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kospi hits record 2,602.59 as optimism continues after U.S. election result|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/11/23/business/finance/Kospi-Kosdaq-2600/20201123191300479.html|access-date=2021-04-16|website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=23 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Record values==
{| class="wikitable"
|+All-time highs
! Category
! Index value
!Date
|-
| Closing || 3,305.21 || 6 July 2021
|-
| Intraday || 3,316.08|| 25 June 2021
|}

Starting from February 24, 2020,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Huang |first1=Eustance |title=South Korea stocks drop nearly 4% as country raises coronavirus alert to 'highest level' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/24/asia-markets-south-korea-coronavirus-currencies-china.html |website=CNBC |language=en |date=23 February 2020}}</ref> the index dropped continuously during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea|COVID-19 pandemic]]. As of March 15, the KOSPI closed at 1,771.44, prompting the Financial Supervisory Commission to impose a six-month ban on short-selling, the first such drastic action in nearly nine years.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kirk |first1=Donald |title=Coronavirus Hits South Korean Markets Despite Easing Of Crisis |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/donaldkirk/2020/03/15/coronavirus-hits-south-korean-markets-despite-easing-of-crisis/ |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en |date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

==Milestones==
The following is a timeline showing the rise of the KOSPI over the course of Korean stock market history.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:right;"
|+Milestones
! Index<br>milestone
! Date
! Closing<br>index value
|-
| 100 || 4 January 1980 || 100.00
|-
| 200 || 1 April 1986 || 200.15
|-
| 300 || 21 January 1987 || 301.93
|-
| 400 || 31 March 1987 || 405.13
|-
| 500 || 19 August 1987 || 500.73
|-
| 600 || 26 January 1988 || 602.32
|-
| 700 || 24 May 1988 || 705.51
|-
| 800 || 24 November 1988 || 805.86
|-
| 900 || 12 December 1988 || 911.35
|-
| 1,000 || 31 March 1989 || 1,003.31
|-
| 1,500 || 9 April 2007 || 1,501.06
|-
| 2,000 || 25 July 2007 || 2,004.22
|-
| 2,500 || 30 October 2017 || 2,501.93
|-
| 3,000 || 7 January 2021 || 3,031.68
|-
| 3,300 || 25 June 2021 || 3,302.84
|}

== Annual Returns ==
The following table shows the annual development of the KOSPI since 1981.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stooq.com/q/d/?s=^kospi|title=Historical data: KOSPI Index - South Korea (^KOSPI)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.1stock1.com/1stock1_770.htm|title=KOSPI Composite Index (South Korea) Yearly Stock Returns|website=www.1stock1.com|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable" style="text-align:right;"
!rowspan=2|Year
!rowspan=2|Closing level
!colspan=2|Change in index<br />over the calendar year
|-
!Points
!%
|-
|1981
|131.30
|
|
|-
|1982
|128.99
|−2.31||style="color:red"|−1.76
|-
|1983
|121.21
|−6.03||style="color:red"|−7.78
|-
|1984
|142.46
|21.25
|17.53
|-
|1985
|163.37
|20.91
|14.68
|-
|1986
|272.61
|109.24
|66.87
|-
|1987
|525.11
|252.50
|92.62
|-
|1988
|907.20
|382.09
|72.76
|-
|1989
|909.72
|2.52
|0.28
|-
|1990
|696.11
|−213.61||style="color:red"|−23.48
|-
|1991
|610.92
|−85.19||style="color:red"|−12.24
|-
|1992
|678.44
|67.52
|11.05
|-
|1993
|866.18
|187.74
|27.67
|-
|1994
|1,027.37
|161.19
|18.61
|-
|1995
|882.94
|−144.43||style="color:red"|−14.06
|-
|1996
|651.22
|−231.72||style="color:red"|−26.24
|-
| 1997 || 376.31 ||−274.91||style="color:red"|−42.21
|-
| 1998 || 562.46 || 187.31 || 49.93
|-
| 1999 || 1,028.07 || 465.61 || 82.78
|-
| 2000 || 504.62 || −523.45 ||style="color:red"| −50.92
|-
| 2001 || 693.70 || 189.08 || 37.47
|-
| 2002 || 627.55 || −66.15 ||style="color:red"| −9.54
|-
| 2003 || 810.71 || 183.16 || 29.19
|-
| 2004 || 895.92 || 85.21 || 10.51
|-
| 2005 || 1,379.37 || 483.45 || 53.96
|-
| 2006 || 1,434.46 || 55.09 || 3.99
|-
| 2007 || 1,897.13 || 462.67 || 32.25
|-
| 2008 || 1,124.47 || −772.66 ||style="color:red"| −40.73
|-
| 2009 || 1,682.77 || 558.30 || 49.65
|-
| 2010 || 2,051.00 || 368.23 || 21.88
|-
| 2011 || 1,825.74 || −225.26 ||style="color:red"| −10.98
|-
| 2012 || 1,997.05 || 171.31 || 9.38
|-
|2013
|2,011.34
|14.29
|0.74
|-
|2014
|1,915.59
|−95.75||style="color:red"|−4.76
|-
|2015
|1,961.31
|45.72
|2.39
|-
|2016
|2,026.46
|65.15
|3.32
|-
|2017
|2,467.49
|441.03
|21.76
|-
|2018
|2,041.04
|−426.45||style="color:red"|−17.28
|-
|2019
|2,197.67
|156.63
|7.67
|-
|2020
|2,873.47
|675.80
|30.75
|-
|2021
|2,977.65
|104.18
|3.63
|-
|2022
|2,236.40
|−741.25||style="color:red"|−24.89
|-
|2023
|2,655.28
|418.88
|18.73
|-
|2024
|2,399.49
|−255.79||style="color:red"|−9.63
|-
|}

<!-- Please only delete this line once the appropriate category has been created within Category:Companies by stock market index -->

==Components==
As of February 2024, KOSPI has over 880 components. As of March 2025, the top 10 stocks by market capitalization are:

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Logo
!Company
!Symbol
|-
|[[File:Samsung Black icon.svg|80px]]
|[[Samsung Electronics]]
|{{KRX|005930}}
|-
|[[File:SK Hynix.svg|80px]]
|[[SK Hynix]]
|{{KRX|000660}}
|-
|[[File:Samsung Biologics Logo.svg|80px]]
|[[Samsung Biologics]]
|{{KRX|207940}}
|-
|[[File:LG Energy Solution logo EN.svg|80px]]
|[[LG Energy Solution]]
|{{KRX|373220}}
|-
|[[File:Hyundai Motor Company logo.svg|80px]]
|[[Hyundai Motor Company]]
|{{KRX|005380}}
|-
|[[File:Celltrion CI.svg|80px]]
|[[Celltrion]]
|{{KRX|068270}}
|-
|[[File:KIA logo3.svg|80px]]
|[[Kia]]
|{{KRX|000270}}
|-
|[[File:Naver Logotype.svg|80px]]
|[[Naver Corporation]]
|{{KRX|035420}}
|-
|[[File:KB logo.svg|80px]]
|[[KB Financial Group]]
|{{KRX|105560}}
|-
|[[File:Hanwha Aerospace Logo.svg|80px]]
|[[Hanwha Aerospace]]
|{{KRX|012450}}
|}

==Other indices==
[[File:KOSPI, KOSDAQ, KRW.jpg|thumb|Kospi, Kosdaq, and KRW (in January 2022)]]
* KOSPI 200, KOSPI 100, and KOSPI 50
* LargeCap, MidCap, and SmallCap indices based on [[market capitalization]]
* KOGI corporate governance index
* KODI dividend index
* Industry indices like chemicals, electrical & electronic equipments, transport equipment, or banks.
* KRX 100 and other KRX indices which take into account both stock markets of Korea Exchange (KRX) — Stock Market Division and [[KOSDAQ]] Division

===KOSPI 200===
{{Main|KOSPI 200}}
The KOSPI 200 index consists of 200 big companies of the Stock Market Division. The base value of 100 was set on 3 January 1990. It has over 70% market value of the KOSPI, and so moves along with the KOSPI index. KOSPI 200 is important because it is listed on [[futures market|futures]] and [[option market]]s and is one of the most actively traded indices in the world. The KOSPI is calculated as current market capitalization (at the time of comparison) divided by base market capitalization (as of 4 January 1980).

'''That is''': Current index = Current total market cap of constituents × 100 / Base Market Capitalization<ref>[[Wikinvest:Korean Composite Stock Price Index 200|KOSPI 200 weighting methodology via Wikinvest]]</ref>

Its all-time low is 31.96, reached on 16 June 1998, during the financial crisis.
It closed above 200 for the first time on 24 April 2007.

Kospi 200 futures (ticker symbol KOS) are traded on the Korean Futures Exchange. Contracts are quoted in index points with each contract size valued at 250,000 index points.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Historical Kospi Intraday Data (KOS) |url=https://portaracqg.com/historical-futures-data/kospi-200-intraday-data/ |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=PortaraCQG |language=en-US}}</ref> [[CQG]] contract specifications for the kospi 200 can be found in the table below.
{| class="wikitable"
|+KOSPI 200: Contract Specifications<ref name=":0" />
|Contract Size
|250,000 Points
|-
|Exchange
|KRX 
|-
|Sector
|Index 
|-
|Tick Size
|0.05
|-
|Tick Value
|12500 KRW
|-
|Big Point Value (BPV)
|KRW
|-
|Decimal Places
|2
|}

===KRX 100===
KRX 100 is the index of 100 companies listed on Korea Exchange, including KOSDAQ's big companies. It's meant to replace KOSPI 200 as the key futures index, but has not been very successful to date.

===KRX derivatives products===

*'''Stock Index Products:''' KOSPI 200 Futures, KOSPI 200 Options, STAR Futures
*'''Individual Equity Products:''' Individual Equity Futures, Individual Equity Options
*'''Interest Rate Products:''' 3-Year Korea Treasury Bond Futures (KTB3), 5-Year Korea Treasury Bond Futures (KTB5), 10-Year Korea Treasury Bond Futures (KTB10), MSB Futures
*'''Currency Products:''' USD Futures, USD Options, Japanese Yen Futures, Euro Futures
*'''Commodity Products:''' Gold Futures, [[Lean Hog]] Futures

==Investment procedures for foreigners==
To trade futures and options contracts listed on KRX, a foreign investor may designate [[custodian bank]]s as [[standing proxy|standing proxies]] (through custodian bank agreements and standing proxy agreements to facilitate trading).{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

A custodian bank as a standing proxy opens accounts at foreign exchange banks and futures companies, deposits, and withdrawals investors' money and monitors investors' properties for them. A foreign investor should designate foreign exchange banks through a foreign currency exchange agreement to execute his foreign exchange transactions and transfers. Most foreign exchange banks also do custodian bank and standing proxy operations. A foreign investor should designate securities and futures companies to trade futures and options traded on KRX.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==See also==
*[[CNX Nifty]]
*[[Hang Seng Index]]
*[[KOSDAQ]]
*[[KOSPI 200]]
*[[Nikkei 225]]
*[[SENSEX]]
*[[SSE Composite]]
*[[TAIEX]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110501145644/http://eng.krx.co.kr/ Guide to KOSPI], KRX.
*[[Wikinvest: Korean Composite Stock Price Index 200|KOSPI 200 Profile via Wikinvest]]
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=KOSPI:IND Bloomberg page for KOSPI:IND]

===Data===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070620170251/http://eng.krx.co.kr/mki/ids/ids_l_001.jsp Korea Exchange: KOSPI]
{{Finance links
|name= KOSPI
|google= KOSPI:KRX
|yahoo= ^KS11
|reuters= .KS11
|sec_cik= 
}}

{{KOSPI 200}}{{Economy of South Korea}}{{Stock Market Indices}}{{Asian Stock market indices}}

[[Category:Korea Exchange]]
[[Category:Finance in South Korea]]
[[Category:South Korean stock market indices]]
[[Category:Asian stock market indices]]