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{{Short description|Gay and Lesbian Cultural Research and Solidarity Association in Turkey}}
'''KAOS GL,''' short for '''Kaos Gay and Lesbian Cultural Research and Solidarity Association''' ({{langx|tr|Kaos Gey ve Lezbiyen Kültürel Araştırmalar ve Dayanışma Derneği}}), founded in 1994, is one of the oldest and largest [[LGBT rights]] organisations in [[Turkey]]. In 2005, the [[Ankara]]-based organisation became the first Turkish LGBT organisation to be legally registered as an [[Voluntary association|association]], after their application was initially appealed by deputy governor of Ankara. The organisation has been publishing the journal ''KAOS GL'' (now a quarterly publication) since its founding.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sandal-Wilson |first=Hakan |date=2021 |title=Social Justice, Conflict, and Protest in Turkey: The Kurdish Issue and LGBTI+Activism |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/836668 |journal=Social Research: An International Quarterly |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=561–586 |doi=10.1353/sor.2021.0025 |issn=1944-768X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The group operates the KAOS Cultural Center, which hosts cultural activities, meetings, and showings of films. The centre also houses an [[LGBT history]] library.

The organization has also taken a stance on broader issues of [[human rights in Turkey]]. In 2017, a spokesperson for the organization stated: "AKP started a war against all opponents, not only Armenians. They stop opposition groups coming together and taking collective action. Social justice and peace is under our responsibility".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Galip |first1=Özlem Belçim |title=New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State |date=2020 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-59400-8|page=112}}</ref>

== History==

Founded in 1994, KAOS GL is one of the oldest [[LGBT rights]] organisations in [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Serkan Görkemli |title=Grassroots Literacies: Lesbian and Gay Activism and the Internet in Turkey |date=June 2014 |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn=978-1-4384-5183-1 |url={{Google books|ScOIAwAAQBAJ|page=48|plainurl=y}} |page=48}}</ref> Students at [[Ankara University]] including [[Yasemin Öz]] met to discuss LGBTIQ issues and decided to start the group.<ref name="NHC">{{cite news |last1=Tunali |first1=Tan |title=Defending Human Rights in Turkey: Yasemin Öz |url=https://www.nhc.nl/defending-human-rights-in-turkey-yasemin-oz/ |accessdate=7 August 2020 |work=Netherlands Helsinki Committee |date=30 June 2020}}</ref>

===Struggle for legal registration===
In July 2005, KAOS GL applied for Association status with the [[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Ministry of the Interior]]. Subsequently, Ankara's deputy governor Selahattin Ekremoğlu petitioned a court to close the organisation, referring to articles 56 and 4721 of the Turkish Civil Code prohibiting establishment of an organisation that is against laws and morality.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaos GL's probable closure concerns European NGO |newspaper=[[Turkish Daily News]] |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/kaos-gls-probable-closure-concerns-european-ngo.aspx?pageID=438&n=kaos-gl8217s-probable-closure-concerns-european-ngo-2005-09-22 |date=22 September 2005 |accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref> The threat of closure was criticized by the [[International Lesbian and Gay Association]] and [[Human Rights Watch]], who considered it a violation of basic rights and yet another attempt at suppressing civil society in Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |title=HRW: Closure threat of Kaos GL spells violation of basic rights |newspaper=Turkish Daily News |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/hrw-closure-threat-of-kaos-gl-spells-violation-of-basic-rights.aspx?pageID=438&n=hrw-closure-threat-of-kaos-gl-spells-violation-of-basic-rights-2005-09-28 |date=22 September 2005 |accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref> On 12 October 2005, Ankara prosecutor Kursat Kayral however decided not to proceed with the case,<ref>{{cite news |title=Kaos GL Association will not be closed |agency=[[Reuters]] |via=International Lesbian and Gay Association |url=http://ilga.org/kaos-gl-association-will-not-be-closed/ |date=12 October 2005 |accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref> concluding that homosexuality can't be equated with immorality. While in 2008 similar charges were brought against Istanbul-based LGBT organisation [[Lambda Istanbul]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Özge Zihnioğlu |title=European Union Civil Society Policy and Turkey: A Bridge Too Far? |date=29 August 2013 |isbn=978-1-137-27441-0 |url={{Google books|fc7RAQAAQBAJ|page=75|plainurl=y}} |page=75}}</ref> KAOS GL has been a legally registered non-government organisation (NGO) since October 2005.

==March against Homophobia and Transphobia==
{{main|March against Homophobia and Transphobia}}
[[File:Insan hakları heykeli metin yurdanur.jpg|thumb|upright|Human Rights Monument, Yüksel Street, Ankara]]
On 17 May 2008, the fifth [[International Day Against Homophobia]], Kaos GL and Pink Life LGBTT Association jointly organised the first annual LGBT march in Ankara. Joined by British MEP [[Michael Cashman]] and Dutch feminist writer [[Anja Meulenbelt]], over 100 gay men and women, bisexuals and transgender people assembled in front of the Human Rights Monument in Yüksel Street, marching towards the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|parliament]]. Police, outnumbering the demonstrators, stopped the march, demanding the rainbow flags and banners be taken down. Otherwise, the march proceeded.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Ever Gay March Held in Ankara, Turkey |url=http://www.ukgaynews.org.uk/Archive/08/May/2201.htm |publisher=UK Gay News |date=22 May 2008 |accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref>

In May 2009, Kaos GL organised the second annual march against homophobia and transphobia in Ankara. Around 300 people marched from {{Interlanguage link multi|Kurtuluş Park|tr|3=Kurtuluş Parkı}} to the Human Rights Monument in Yüksel Street. The demonstration ended with a press statement, which called for the acknowledgement of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transsexuals (LGBTT).<ref>{{cite news |author=Bawer Çakır |title=March against Homophobia and Transphobia in Ankara |publisher=[[Bianet]] |url=http://bianet.org/kadin/gender/114587-march-against-homophobia-and-transphobia-in-ankara |date=18 May 2009 |accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref>

Kaos GL has been organising international anti-homophobia meetings since May 2006. The Anti-Homophobia Meeting was first held as a four-day hall event in May 2006. In 2007, together with the central events, "Campus Meetings Against Homophobia" were realized in the three biggest university campuses of the capital, Ankara. The 4th annual meetings took place in six cities, from 1 May to 17 May 2009. The 4th International Anti-Homophobia Meeting started with the 1 May march in Ankara; and ended with the 17 May Anti-Homophobia March again in Ankara. Additional meeting took place also in the cities of Izmir, Eskisehir, Van, Diyarbakir and Istanbul together with Ankara.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nevin Öztop |title=We are marching against Homophobia! |publisher=KAOS GL |url=http://www.kaosgl.com/page.php?id=13121 |date=2 May 2009 |accessdate=26 April 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510072414/http://www.kaosgl.com/page.php?id=13121 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|LGBTQ|Turkey}}
*[[LGBT rights in Turkey]]
*[[LEGATO]]
*[[:Category:LGBTQ museums and archives]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/ KAOS GL home page] {{in lang|tr|en}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060508085616/http://www.kaosgl.com/ KAOS GL news page] {{in lang|en|ku|tr}}
*[http://www.kaosgldergi.com/ KAOS GL magazine] {{in lang|tr}}
{{LGBT in Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:LGBTQ political advocacy groups in Turkey]]
[[Category:Peoples' Democratic Congress]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Turkey]]