View source for Jurassic Park

{{short description|1993 film by Steven Spielberg}}
{{About|the original 1993 film|the franchise|Jurassic Park (franchise){{!}}''Jurassic Park'' (franchise)|the novel the film is based on|Jurassic Park (novel){{!}}''Jurassic Park'' (novel)|other uses}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Jurassic Park
| image          = Jurassic Park poster.jpg
| alt            = A black poster featuring a red shield with a stylized Tyrannosaurus skeleton under a plaque reading "Jurassic Park". Below is the tagline "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making".
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Steven Spielberg]]
| producer       = {{Plain list|
* [[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]]
* [[Gerald R. Molen]]
}}
| screenplay     = {{Plain list|
* [[Michael Crichton]]
* [[David Koepp]]
}}
| based_on       = {{Based on|''[[Jurassic Park (novel)|Jurassic Park]]''|Michael Crichton}}
| starring       = {{Plain list|
* [[Sam Neill]]
* [[Laura Dern]]
* [[Jeff Goldblum]]
* [[Richard Attenborough]]
* [[Bob Peck]]
* [[Martin Ferrero]]
* [[BD Wong]]
* [[Samuel L. Jackson]]
* [[Wayne Knight]]
* [[Joseph Mazzello]]
* [[Ariana Richards]]
}}
| music          = [[John Williams]]
| cinematography = [[Dean Cundey]]
| editing        = [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]]
| studio         = [[Universal Pictures]]<br>[[Amblin Entertainment]]
| distributor    = Universal Pictures
| released       = {{Film date|1993|6|9|[[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Theater]]|1993|6|11|United States}}
| runtime        = 127 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $56–63&nbsp;million
| gross          = <!-- NOTE: BOM has double-counted a reissue gross. Please do not "correct" this figure. Hopefully, BOM will rectify this problem soon. Use The Numbers as reference in the meantime. See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Film/Film_finance_task_force#Box_Office_Mojo for more details.-->$1.058&nbsp;billion
}}

'''''Jurassic Park''''' is a 1993 American [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[adventure film]] directed by [[Steven Spielberg]] and written by [[Michael Crichton]] and [[David Koepp]], based on Crichton's [[Jurassic Park (novel)|1990 novel]]. Starring [[Sam Neill]], [[Laura Dern]], [[Jeff Goldblum]], and [[Richard Attenborough]], the film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar near [[Costa Rica]], where wealthy businessman [[John Hammond (Jurassic Park)|John Hammond]] (Attenborough) and a team of genetic scientists have created a [[Animal theme park|wildlife park]] of [[De-extinction|de-extinct]] [[dinosaur]]s. When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors struggle to survive and escape the now perilous island.

Before Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of [[Universal Pictures]], Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5&nbsp;million. Crichton was hired for an additional $500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, while making numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992, and post-production lasted until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed ''[[Schindler's List]]''. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking [[computer-generated imagery]] by [[Industrial Light & Magic]], and with life-sized [[animatronic]] dinosaurs built by [[Stan Winston]]'s team. To showcase the film's [[sound design]], which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur sounds, Spielberg invested in the creation of [[DTS, Inc.|DTS]], a company specializing in digital [[surround sound]] formats. The film was backed by an extensive $65&nbsp;million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies.

''Jurassic Park'' premiered on June 9, 1993, at the [[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Theater]] in Washington, D.C., and was released two days later throughout the United States. It was a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] hit and went on to gross over $914&nbsp;million worldwide in its original theatrical run, surpassing Spielberg's own ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' to become [[Timeline of highest-grossing films|the highest-grossing film of all time]] until the release of ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997), surpassing it in early 1998. The film received critical acclaim, with praise to its special effects, sound design, action sequences, [[John Williams]]'s score, and Spielberg's direction. The film won 20 awards, including three [[Academy Awards]] for technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, ''Jurassic Park'' became the oldest film in history to surpass $1{{nbsp}}billion in ticket sales and the 17th overall.

Since its release, many film critics and industry professionals have regarded ''Jurassic Park'' as one of the greatest summer blockbusters ever made. Its groundbreaking use of computer-generated imagery is widely seen as a turning point that shaped the visual effects techniques used in modern cinema. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film spawned [[Jurassic Park (franchise)|a multimedia franchise]] that includes [[Jurassic Park (franchise)#Films|six sequels]], [[Jurassic Park video games|video games]], [[Jurassic Park (franchise)#Attractions|theme park attractions]], [[Jurassic Park (franchise)#Comics|comic books]], and various merchandise.

==Plot==
<!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films should be set between 400 to 700 words. -->
[[Industrialist]] John Hammond has created Jurassic Park, a [[Animal theme park|theme park]] of [[De-extinction|de-extincted]] [[dinosaurs]], on the tropical island [[Isla Nublar]], off the coast of [[Costa Rica]]. After a ''[[Velociraptor]]'' kills a dinosaur handler, the park's investors, represented by lawyer Donald Gennaro, threaten to pull funding unless experts certify the island's safety. Gennaro invites [[Chaos theory|chaotician]] [[Ian Malcolm (character)|Ian Malcolm]], and Hammond invites [[paleontologist]] [[Alan Grant (character)|Alan Grant]] and [[paleobotanist]] [[Ellie Sattler]]. Upon arrival, the group is shocked to see living ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' and ''[[Parasaurolophus]]''. At the park's visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting [[Ancient DNA|dinosaur DNA]] from prehistoric [[mosquito]]es preserved in [[amber]]. DNA from [[frog]]s, among other animals, was used to [[Hybridisation (biology)|fill in gaps]] in the dinosaurs' [[genome]].

To prevent breeding, the dinosaurs were made female by direct [[chromosome]] manipulation. The group witnesses the hatching of a baby ''Velociraptor'' and visits the raptor enclosure. During lunch, the group debates the [[ethics of cloning]] and the park's creation. Malcolm warns of the implications of [[genetic engineering]] while Grant and Sattler express uncertainty over the ability of humans and dinosaurs to coexist. Hammond's grandchildren, Lex and Tim, join the others for a park tour in two [[Self-driving car|self-driving]] [[Electric vehicle|electric]] [[Ford Explorer#First generation (UN46; 1991)|Ford Explorer]] tour vehicles, while Hammond oversees them from the control room. Most of the dinosaurs fail to appear, and the group encounters a sick ''[[Triceratops]]''. The tour is cut short as a [[Tropical cyclone|tropical storm]] approaches. The park employees leave for the mainland on a boat while the visitors return to their railed-electric tour vehicles, except Sattler, who stays behind with the park's veterinarian, Dr. Harding, to study the ''Triceratops''.

Jurassic Park's disgruntled lead computer programmer, Dennis Nedry, was previously bribed by Lewis Dodgson, a man working for Hammond's corporate rival, to steal frozen dinosaur [[embryo]]s. He deactivates the park's security system to access the embryo storage room and stores them inside a container disguised as a [[Barbasol]] [[shaving cream]] can.

Nedry's sabotage cuts power to the tour vehicles, stranding them as they near the park's ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' paddock. Most of the park's electric fences have also been deactivated, allowing the ''[[Rexy|Tyrannosaurus]]'' to escape and attack the group. After the ''Tyrannosaurus'' overturns a tour vehicle, it injures Malcolm and devours Gennaro while Grant, Lex, and Tim escape. On his way to deliver the embryos to the island's docks, Nedry gets lost in the rain, crashes his [[Jeep Wrangler (YJ)|Jeep Wrangler]], and is killed by a venom-spitting ''[[Dilophosaurus]]''. Sattler helps the game warden Robert Muldoon search for survivors; they find Malcolm just before the ''Tyrannosaurus'' returns and chases them away. Grant, Tim, and Lex take shelter in a treetop and encounter a ''Brachiosaurus'' herd. They discover the broken shells of dinosaur eggs the following morning. Grant concludes that the dinosaurs are breeding, which is possible because of [[amphibian]] DNA—animals like [[common reed frog|West African frogs]] can [[Sequential hermaphroditism|change their sex]] in a single-sex environment, enabling the dinosaurs to breed. The three later encounter a ''[[Gallimimus]]'' stampede being hunted by the ''Tyrannosaurus.''

Unable to decipher Nedry's code to reactivate the security system, Hammond and chief engineer Ray Arnold decide to reboot the park's systems. The group shuts down the park's power grid and retreats to an emergency bunker while Arnold heads to a maintenance shed to complete the rebooting process. When Arnold fails to return, Sattler and Muldoon head over, discovering the shutdown has released the ''Velociraptors''. Muldoon distracts two of them while Sattler turns the power back on before being attacked by a third and discovering Arnold's severed arm. While she escapes, Muldoon is caught off-guard and killed by a ''Velociraptor''.

Grant, Tim, and Lex reach the visitor center. Grant heads out to look for Sattler, leaving Tim and Lex inside. The raptors appear and pursue Tim and Lex throughout a kitchen, but they escape, locking one in a freezer before joining Grant and Sattler. The group reaches the control room, and Lex restores the park's systems, allowing them to contact Hammond, who calls for help. As they try to leave, they are cornered by the two remaining raptors, but the ''Tyrannosaurus'' appears and kills the raptors while the group flees. Hammond arrives in a jeep with Malcolm, and they board a helicopter to leave the island. Grant and Hammond agree not to endorse the park.

==Cast==
{{Main|List of Jurassic Park characters{{!}}List of ''Jurassic Park'' characters}}

{{castlist|
* [[Sam Neill]] as [[Alan Grant (Jurassic Park)|Alan Grant]]: A [[paleontologist]] 
* [[Laura Dern]] as [[Ellie Sattler]]: A [[paleobotanist]]
* [[Jeff Goldblum]] as [[Ian Malcolm (Jurassic Park)|Ian Malcolm]]: A [[mathematician]] and [[Chaos theory|chaos theorist]]
* [[Richard Attenborough]] as [[John Hammond (Jurassic Park)|John Hammond]]: CEO and founder of [[InGen]]
* [[Bob Peck]] as [[Robert Muldoon (fictional character)|Robert Muldoon]]: Jurassic Park's game warden
* [[Martin Ferrero]] as [[Donald Gennaro]]: A lawyer representing Hammond's investors who are concerned about the safety of Jurassic Park
* [[BD Wong|B.D. Wong]] as [[Henry Wu (Jurassic Park)|Henry Wu]]: Jurassic Park's chief geneticist
* [[Joseph Mazzello]] as [[List of Jurassic Park characters#Tim Murphy|Tim Murphy]]: Lex's younger brother and Hammond's grandson
* [[Ariana Richards]] as [[List of Jurassic Park characters#Lex Murphy|Lex Murphy]]: Tim's older sister and Hammond's granddaughter
* [[Samuel L. Jackson]] as [[Ray Arnold]]: Jurassic Park chief engineer
* [[Wayne Knight]] as [[Dennis Nedry]]: Jurassic Park computer programmer
* [[Gerald R. Molen|Jerry Molen]] as [[List of Jurassic Park characters#Dr. Harding|Doctor Harding]]: Jurassic Park veterinarian
* [[Miguel Sandoval]] as Juanito Rostagno, who oversees an amber mine for Hammond in the [[Dominican Republic]]
* [[Cameron Thor]] as [[List of Jurassic Park characters#Lewis Dodgson|Lewis Dodgson]]: An employee working for InGen's corporate rival, identified in the novel and later in the sequel films as [[Biosyn]]
* [[Whit Hertford]] as a boy who is lectured about raptors by Grant while at his dig site
* [[Greg Burson]] as the voice of [[Mr. DNA]]
* [[Richard Kiley]] as the voice of the Jurassic Park tour vehicle guide
}}

==Production==
===Development===
{{Multiple image
| perrow            = 3
| total_width       = 290
| image1            = MichaelCrichton 2.jpg
| image2            = Steven Spielberg portrait.jpg
| footer            = [[Michael Crichton]]'s book attracted the attention of director [[Steven Spielberg]] (right) even before it was published. Crichton was also responsible for the film's first scripts.|
}}
[[Michael Crichton]]'s 1990 novel ''[[Jurassic Park (novel)|Jurassic Park]]'' was originally conceived as a screenplay in the 1980s, and went through numerous changes before being published as a book.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crichton |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Crichton |title=Jurassic Park |url=http://www.michaelcrichton.com/jurassic-park/ |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=MichaelCrichton.com}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite video |title=The Jurassic Park Phenomenon: A Discussion with Author Michael Crichton |last=Crichton |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Crichton |medium=DVD |publisher=Universal |year=2001 |people=}}</ref> In the late 1970s, a bidding war began for the film rights to Crichton's then-upcoming novel ''[[Congo (novel)|Congo]]'', which would not be made into [[Congo (film)|a film]] until 1995. With ''Jurassic Park'', Crichton hoped to avoid another bidding war and the same protracted outcome by offering the film rights at a fixed price of $1.5 million, as he was primarily concerned with ensuring that a film actually be produced; he was less interested in receiving a top offer.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=6}}

Crichton submitted the ''Jurassic Park'' [[manuscript]] to his publisher in May 1990. Director [[Steven Spielberg]] learned of the novel that month while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become the television series ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''. Spielberg, who had a life-long fascination with dinosaurs and had long admired the work of [[Ray Harryhausen]], expressed interest in ''Jurassic Park''. After reading the [[Galley proof|galleys]], he committed to direct the film adaptation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schickel |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Schickel |date=2006 |title=Age & Innocence - Steven Spielberg |url=https://www.dga.org/craft/dgaq/all-articles/0604-winter2006-07/dga-interview-steven-spielberg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517014439/https://www.dga.org/craft/dgaq/all-articles/0604-winter2006-07/dga-interview-steven-spielberg |archive-date=May 17, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |work=[[Directors Guild of America]] |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=6–7}} He liked the novel's sense of adventure and its scientific explanation for dinosaur resurrection,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=12}} saying it provided "a really credible look at how dinosaurs might someday be brought back alongside modern mankind".<ref name=dawn/>

Crichton was represented by an agent at [[Creative Artists Agency]]. Spielberg recalled that "the agency got ahold of it; and they, of course, encouraged a bidding war, even though Michael had kind of promised me the book privately."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=6–7}} Major studios bid for the film rights, each with a director in mind. This included [[Warner Bros.]] and [[Tim Burton]], [[Columbia Pictures]] and [[Richard Donner]], and [[20th Century Fox]] and [[Joe Dante]].{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=416–9}} Crichton spoke with each director and endorsed Spielberg as the most likely candidate to get the film made, noting it would be "a very difficult picture" and calling Spielberg "arguably the most experienced and most successful director of these kinds of movies".{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=7–8}} [[Universal Pictures]], also backing Spielberg as director, acquired the rights on May 15, 1990,<ref>{{cite news |last=Hammer |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Hammer |date=June 24, 1990 |title=The Blockbuster Game |url=https://www.newsweek.com/blockbuster-game-206218 |access-date=February 3, 2025 |work=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref><ref name=":26">''The John Williams Jurassic Park Collection'' booklet. La-La Land Records. November 29, 2016.</ref> less than a week after they were offered for sale and six months before the novel's publication.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=1, 7}} The film was announced on May 25, 1990.<ref name=":26" />

[[James Cameron]] revealed in 2012 that he had tried to purchase the rights, only to discover that Spielberg had acquired them a few hours prior. Cameron said his version of ''Jurassic Park'' would have been "much nastier", comparing it with his 1986 film ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]''. He realized he was not the right director for ''Jurassic Park'' after seeing the finished product, commending Spielberg for making a film which could be enjoyed by children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frost |first=Caroline |date=September 11, 2012 |title=James Cameron: The One That Got Away... To Spielberg |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/09/07/titanic-director-james-cameron-jurassic-park-steven-spielberg_n_1864996.html |access-date=September 11, 2023 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |language=en}}</ref> Dante also praised it, but disagreed with Spielberg's decision to make Hammond more of a protagonist, a departure from the novel.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scobel |first1=Peter |last2=Gilchrist |first2=Todd |date=September 2, 2022 |title=How director Joe Dante would have made Jurassic Park |url=https://www.avclub.com/how-director-joe-dante-would-have-made-jurassic-park-1849491490 |access-date=February 5, 2025 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref>

[[Storyboard]]s and sketches were already being produced weeks after the rights were acquired.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=9}} In order to ensure the scenes would work in 3D space, the storyboards were later expanded by Amblin employee Stephan Dechant into simple animatics made with an [[Amiga 2000]] and the [[Video Toaster]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |pages=51–52 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> Because of the island setting and abundance of dinosaurs, Spielberg believed it would be advantageous to hire a production designer as soon as possible, choosing [[Rick Carter]] about two years before the start of filming. They both read the galleys and held many meetings to discuss which scenes would work best in the film adaptation.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=11-12}} Spielberg, who, as a child, had been fascinated with dinosaurs and imagined what it would be like to meet one, felt that it was important to channel that childlike sense of wonder for the film.<ref name="dawn" /> Spielberg said that with ''Jurassic Park'', he "was really just trying to make a good sequel to ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'', on land."<ref>{{cite news |last=Macnab |first=Geoffrey |date=August 25, 2023 |title='Fear was part of the pleasure': How Steven Spielberg mined his dark side to make Jurassic Park |url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/features/jurassic-park-steven-spielberg-anniversary-b2398089.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> He was also heavily inspired by the 1933 film ''[[King Kong (1933)|King Kong]]'',{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=17}} calling it the "high-water mark" for special effects and for imagining "what it would be like to do a ''King Kong'' of today."<ref name="Earl doc">{{cite video |title=The Making of Jurassic Park |author=[[James Earl Jones|Jones, James Earl]] (Host) |medium=VHS |publisher=Universal |year=1995}}</ref> He cited the 1962 film ''[[Hatari!]]'' as another inspiration, calling it "the high-water mark of man versus the natural in a feature film."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=16}} Spielberg described the 1956 film ''[[Godzilla, King of the Monsters!]]'' as the most masterful dinosaur film of his youth, stating that it made him and viewers believe it was really happening.{{sfn|Ryfle|1998|p=15, 17}}{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=15}} Although he did not set out to make a dinosaur film better than any others, he did want ''Jurassic Park'' to be "the most realistic of them all."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=15}}

It eventually became clear to Spielberg that ''Jurassic Park'' would require more time in development, in order to determine the effects needed to create the dinosaurs. He shifted focus to his 1991 film ''[[Hook (film)|Hook]]'', while continuing to monitor progress on ''Jurassic Park'', including script revisions. The art department went on an eight-month hiatus from ''Jurassic Park'' to work on the 1992 film ''[[Death Becomes Her]]'', another Universal film.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=23–24}} After completing ''Hook'', Spielberg wanted ''[[Schindler's List]]'' to be his next film. [[Sid Sheinberg]], president of [[Music Corporation of America]] (Universal's parent company at the time) gave the [[greenlight]] to ''Schindler's List'' on the condition that Spielberg make ''Jurassic Park'' first.{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=416–9}} Set designs began to be finalized in January 1992; a hotel was among locations at the fictional park that would be cut from the film.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=42–43}} The film's budget is disputed; some sources place it at $63 million,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klady |first=Leonard |date=January 11, 1994 |title=Dinos are 'Wedding' bridesmaid |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/news/dinos-are-wedding-bridesmaid-117353/ |access-date=September 8, 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Mojo" /> while others, including Spielberg, have stated that the budget was $56 million.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Weinraub |date=April 20, 1993 |title=The Talk of Hollywood; Gambit by Universal: Push 'Jurassic Park' And Skimp the Rest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/20/movies/the-talk-of-hollywood-gambit-by-universal-push-jurassic-park-and-skimp-the-rest.html |access-date=September 8, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

[[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]], who co-founded [[Amblin Entertainment]] with Spielberg, would serve as a producer on ''Jurassic Park'' alongside [[Gerald R. Molen|Gerald Molen]], who had worked with Amblin in the past.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=10}} Kennedy handled the creative aspects of the project, while Molen managed production-related elements.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=67}} [[Dean Cundey]], the [[cinematographer]] for ''Hook'', would rejoin Spielberg for ''Jurassic Park'', signing on to the project relatively late in [[pre-production]]. However, he had followed the film's progress through an association with Carter;{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=68}} both had worked on ''Death Becomes Her''.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Taylor |first=Drew |date=June 11, 2013 |title=5 Versions Of 'Jurassic Park' You Never Saw |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/06/5-versions-of-jurassic-park-you-never-saw-97110/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051207/http://www.indiewire.com/2013/06/5-versions-of-jurassic-park-you-never-saw-97110/ |archive-date=December 22, 2017 |access-date=February 8, 2025 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> Cundey described his cinematography as "a realistic, crisp, color-saturated look," aligning with Spielberg's vision for the film.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=68}} He described the look of the film as "heightened reality", with unrealistically dramatic lighting and imagery, but without [[Diffuser (optics)|diffusion]] or [[Photographic filter|camera filters]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Bob |date=June 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: When Dinosaurs Rule the Box Office |url=https://theasc.com/articles/jurassic-park-when-dinosaurs-rule-the-box-office |access-date=October 25, 2025 |website=[[American Cinematographer]] |language=en}}</ref> He explained that one of his largest challenges working on the film was balancing the necessity of the effects crew of placing dinosaurs primarily in shadow, Spielberg's penchant for dramatic imagery, and the audience's expectation of realism.<ref name=":10">{{Cite magazine |last=Biodrowski |first=Steve |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Filming the dinosaurs |access-date= |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=14 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]], Spielberg's longtime [[film editor]], would also return for ''Jurassic Park''.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=59}}

===Writing===
Crichton had mixed feelings about being offered a further $500,000 to write the film adaptation: "I was ''so'' tired of the whole area that I didn't really want to do the screenplay. I was sick of Malcolm and I was sick of Grant–and I was even sick of the dinosaurs. But I really felt that I knew the dimensions of the story." Crichton recognized that, by writing the screenplay himself, the project could avoid the same issues he experienced while developing the novel.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=8–9}}

Before writing the film, he met several times with Spielberg to discuss which aspects of the book he liked and disliked. Crichton completed his first draft later in 1990, but said "nobody was happy with it at all"; the draft skipped ahead to action rather than building up to it, as in the novel. At Spielberg's suggestion, Crichton rewrote the script in 40-page increments, with the first batch being better received. Crichton was aided by existing storyboards and sketches as he continued to rework the script, with the remaining 80 pages completed in early 1991.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=9–10}}

====New writers====
Crichton had agreed only to write a preliminary version of the film: "I told Steven, 'I'll do a draft for you and cut it down to budgetable size; but then you're going to want somebody else to polish the characters.' I think that sort of surprised him, because writers never say, 'Get somebody else.'"{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=9}} Crichton finished his draft as Spielberg was filming ''Hook'', the latter co-written by [[Malia Scotch Marmo]] and produced by Kennedy. While on the set of ''Hook'', Scotch Marmo was reading the ''Jurassic Park'' novel and learned from Kennedy about the film adaptation, accepting an offer to work on its screenplay. Scotch Marmo began writing ''Jurassic Park'' in October 1991. She chose to start from scratch, with the novel as her basis, although she did read Crichton's screenplay and consulted with him. Spielberg also agreed to provide her with his own copy of the novel, which contained highlighted aspects of the book that he enjoyed. In addition, she looked at the numerous storyboards produced up to that point.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=39–40}}

Scotch Marmo focused on building up the characters "to give them more life and more purpose" than in Crichton's novel and screenplay. She removed Malcolm from the story and tried to incorporate his characteristics into Grant, whom she found to be underdeveloped. She also sought to emphasize the major themes of the novel, specifically the "fatal flaw of trying to control nature," for instance by showing jungle vegetation creeping into the park's unfinished visitor center: "The idea was that nature was always in the way, always pushing hard against the intrusion."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=40–42}} In the novel, Hammond is killed by a group of ''[[Procompsognathus]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowan |first=Iona |date=April 13, 2025 |title=Jurassic Park's major ending change finally explained 32 years later |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a64466300/jurassic-park-major-ending-change-explained/ |access-date=September 16, 2025 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Crichton's draft had also included a death scene, with Hammond killed by a ''[[Velociraptor]]'' at the visitor center.<ref>{{cite web |last=Crichton |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Crichton |date=January 19, 1991 |title=Jurassic Park (revised first draft) |url=https://controlroom.jurassicoutpost.com/app/uploads/2016/06/JURASSIC-PARK-01-19-1991-Crichton-Scanned.pdf |access-date=February 5, 2025 |website=JurassicOutpost |pages=98–99}}</ref> In Scotch Marmo's draft, Hammond would choose to stay behind on [[Isla Nublar]], and the other characters would escape after surviving a ''[[T. rex]]'' attack on their helicopter. Hammond would then fall down a hill and drown in a puddle, with the film's final shot being a mosquito landing on his arm.<ref>{{cite web |last=Scotch Marmo |first=Malia |author-link=Malia Scotch Marmo |date=March 14, 1992 |title=Jurassic Park script |url=https://controlroom.jurassicoutpost.com/app/uploads/2016/05/JurassicPark-FirstDraft.txt |access-date=February 5, 2025 |website=JurassicOutpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 1, 2017 |title=Original Storyboards Reveal Crazy Alternative Ending To Jurassic Park |url=http://www.esquire.co.uk/culture/film/news/a12839/jurassic-park-alternative-ending/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202234433/http://www.esquire.co.uk/culture/film/news/a12839/jurassic-park-alternative-ending/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |access-date=September 6, 2025 |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |language=en}}</ref>

Scotch Marmo spent five months writing her draft and worked closely with Spielberg, noting that their collaboration was unlike most films in which writers "get an assignment, go home, write it and turn it in." She would send him 15 pages at a time, and then would rework them to his liking, sending the revised pages back along with the next 15.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=41}} She completed her draft in March 1992; Spielberg read it twice and was dissatisfied. She recalled later, "As a writer, that's a terrible feeling. The natural urge is to say: 'Give me another week. I can work it out. I know I can.' But the truth is, sometimes you do hit and sometimes you miss. It's just a shame that it takes so long to find out."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=53–54}}

[[File:DK 2022 photo 2.jpg|thumb|upright|The final drafts of ''Jurassic Park'' were written by [[David Koepp]] (pictured in 2022)]]
Spielberg immediately began searching for a new writer,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=54}} and Universal president [[Casey Silver]] recommended [[David Koepp]], who co-wrote ''Death Becomes Her''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Backstory 5: Interviews with Screenwriters of the 1990s |author=McGilligan, Patrick |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-520-25105-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Butler |first=Tom |date=September 6, 2019 |title='Jurassic Park' screenwriter David Koepp reveals the origin of the film's most quoted line |url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/movies/jurassic-park-screenwriter-david-koepp-hold-on-to-your-butts-samule-l-jackson-121034173.html |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=[[Yahoo]]}}</ref> Koepp had not read the novel, but quickly obtained a copy, and later discussed the book with Spielberg. Koepp disliked doing rewrites because "it's very hard to get into the mind of somebody else and try to follow what they were doing." Spielberg told Koepp he could start from scratch, allowing his own ideas to fully develop. He read through the novel four times before he began writing the screenplay, and chose not to read the earlier drafts until he finished his own. Two sequences from the novel were mandated: the ''T. rex'' attack on a tour vehicle, and the raptors in the kitchen. Otherwise, Koepp was generally allowed to make his own creative choices.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=54–55}} Spielberg instructed Koepp to be unconcerned with what technology allowed, so Koepp wrote sequences without knowing if they would be possible to film.<ref name=":3" />

Koepp found it difficult to condense the novel's scientific exposition, especially the dialogue that explains how the dinosaurs were created. Spielberg devised an idea to easily convey the cloning process through a short, animated film shown to the park visitors, inspired by the 1957 educational television special ''[[Hemo the Magnificent]]''.<ref name=":3" /> Koepp named the film's cartoon narrator "[[Mr. DNA]]", after Spielberg jokingly referred to the character as such.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=56}} Like Scotch Marmo, Koepp also sought to flesh out the characters of the novel while merging Malcolm's traits into Grant;{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=56}}{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=60}} he found Malcolm too difficult to write due to the character's dialogue being heavy on math and [[chaos theory]].<ref name=":3" />

After Koepp finished his first draft, Spielberg sent it to Scotch Marmo for her opinion, and she replied with 12 pages of input; these were forwarded to Koepp, who found them helpful. He continued to work closely with Spielberg and with additional feedback from Scotch Marmo.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=62}} Malcolm was written in at Spielberg's insistence, after [[Jeff Goldblum]] auditioned for the film and was deemed perfect for the role.<ref name=":3" /> Koepp tried to make the characters interesting, with moments such as Malcolm flirting with Sattler, leading to Grant's jealousy.<ref name=dawn/> He also tried to avoid excessive character detail because "whenever they started talking about their personal lives, you couldn't care less."<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Biskind, Peter |author-link=Peter Biskind |date=May 1997 |title=A World Apart |magazine=[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]}}</ref> Koepp described one scene, in which Sattler and Hammond discuss the park while eating ice cream, as the hardest in the film to write; the scene was rewritten 27 times. Koepp, drawing inspiration from Spielberg's earlier film ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'', kept the ''T. rex'' offscreen prior to its breakout scene, instead implying the violence it caused, in order to increase tension.<ref name=":3" /> Spielberg suggested modifying that scene so that the ''T. rex'' pursues the characters in a Jeep; originally, it only depicted them driving away after hearing the dinosaur's footsteps.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 8, 1999 |title=David Koepp: Writer's block |url=http://www.avclub.com/article/david-koepp-13615 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107150215/http://www.avclub.com/article/david-koepp-13615 |archive-date=January 7, 2014 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref>

Rewrites continued until just before the start of filming.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=62}} Crichton noted that the final draft differed drastically from his earlier script, but praised the changes and said the new screenplay "seems very compatible with my way of thinking—it fits in my mind."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=65}} Scotch Marmo did not receive credit for her work.<ref name="McBride">{{cite book |last=McBride |first=Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jf9HBgttTeQC&pg=PA420 |title=Steven Spielberg: A Biography, Second Edition |date=2011 |publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-60473-837-7 |pages=418, 420 |access-date=February 7, 2025}}</ref>

====Changes from the novel====
Crichton said that because the novel was "fairly long,"<ref name=":21">{{Cite magazine |last=Biodrowski |first=Steve |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Michael Crichton on adapting his novel to the screen |url=http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/1993/08/jurassic-park-michael-crichton-on-adapting-his-novel-to-the-screen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129012731/http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/1993/08/jurassic-park-michael-crichton-on-adapting-his-novel-to-the-screen/ |archive-date=November 29, 2013 |access-date=September 10, 2025 |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=12 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> at nearly 400 pages,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=54}} the film adaptation would only have about 10-20% of its content; scenes were dropped for budgetary and practical reasons, and the violence was toned down.<ref name=":21" /> Spielberg said, "What I wanted to do was boil the book down and choose my seven or eight favorite scenes and base the script around those." In a departure from the novel, Spielberg sought to reduce the number of dinosaurs, believing it would not be "physically possible" to make the film otherwise.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=12}} Koepp said the novel was written "more or less like a movie," making it one of the easier book-to-film adaptations he had worked on. He commented that, like with any adaptation, the most difficult part of his writing assignment was to determine the overall structure of the story.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=54}} The film was also considerably less [[Graphic violence|graphically violent]] than the novel. Crichton explained that he had made the novel graphic to force readers to take the dinosaurs seriously, which the film was able to naturally accomplish through the appearance of the dinosaurs, rendering the novel's gore unnecessary. He additionally attributed the film's reduced violence to his view that onscreen graphic violence breaks the audience's [[suspension of disbelief]].<ref name=":21" /> Crichton was accepting of changes to his novel, stating that because novels and films were different mediums, changes to the novel sometimes improved the film, and that his goal was not accuracy to the source material, but rather creating the best film possible.<ref name=":6" />

Spielberg removed an early scene in the novel, in which a pack of ''Procompsognathus'' kill a baby, as he found it too horrific.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=June 18, 1993 |title=A Tale Of Two 'Jurassics' |url=https://ew.com/article/1993/06/18/tale-two-jurassics/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012180645/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306930,00.html |archive-date=October 12, 2007 |access-date=February 17, 2007 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> Another scene set in a [[pterosaur]] aviary was also removed, as it did not move the plot along.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=14}} A major sequence, present in the novel and the two earlier screenplays, involved the ''T. rex'' chasing Grant and Hammond's grandchildren in a raft down a river. Koepp chose not to include this in his script: "I never wanted the raft sequence. It seemed to me that at certain points in the book we were being taken on sort of an obligatory tour past every dinosaur the park had to offer." He said the omission was an easy choice, calling the sequence redundant and noting that it would have been "monstrously expensive" to shoot.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=55}}<ref name=":7" /> [[Computer-generated imagery]] would be used to create some of the film's dinosaurs, and the technology's limitations at that time were another factor in removing the raft sequence. Koepp said that "making a ''T. rex'', period, was going to be this enormous challenge. In the early '90s, water was still a big challenge for CG, and so the idea of making a ''T. rex'' and then having it swim was a bridge too far."<ref name=":7">{{cite web |last=Morrow |first=Brendan |date=July 2, 2025 |title='Jurassic World Rebirth' brings back iconic scene that Spielberg cut |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2025/07/02/jurassic-world-rebirth-movie-raft-cut-scene/84391170007/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Scenes from the novel that were cut from the film adaptation would gradually be included in sequels,<ref>{{cite book |last=Duncan |first=Jody |title=The Making of The Lost World: Jurassic Park |date=1997 |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=9780345407344 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6YqAAAAYAAJ |access-date=February 9, 2025 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Grubbs |first=Jefferson |date=June 11, 2015 |title='Jurassic World' Should Feature These Book Scenes |url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/88762-12-un-adapted-scenes-from-michael-crichtons-novels-that-should-totally-be-in-jurassic-world |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]]}}</ref> with the raft sequence being featured in the 2025 film ''[[Jurassic World Rebirth]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Romano |first=Nick |date=July 1, 2025 |title=How 'Jurassic World Rebirth' revisited a cut T. rex raft scene from 'Jurassic Park' |url=https://ew.com/jurassic-world-rebirth-revisits-t-rex-raft-scene-jurassic-park-michael-crichton-book-details-11762969 |access-date=September 6, 2025 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |language=en}}</ref>

Several characters were modified for the film. Hammond, who was originally a ruthless and greedy businessman in the novel, was rewritten to be sympathetic, as Spielberg related to the character's obsession with showmanship.{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=421–422}} The ages of Tim and Lex were switched; Spielberg did this because he wanted to work with the younger [[Joseph Mazzello]], and it allowed him to introduce the subplot of Lex's adolescent crush on Grant. For the film, Lex would also take on Tim's interest in computers.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=72–73}} In another change, Grant and Sattler are made a couple for the film, adding subtle romance.<ref name=BiggestMovie/> Koepp changed Grant's relationship with the children, making him initially hostile to them to allow for more character development.{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=416–9}} This is partly reflected through his relationship with Sattler, who wants them to have children of their own.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=57, 72}} Removed from the film was [[List of Jurassic Park characters#Ed Regis|Ed Regis]], the park's public relations chief, whose cowardly traits were merged into Donald Gennaro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grebey |first=James |date=October 10, 2023 |title=Jurassic Park's Ill-Fated Lawyer Is Very Different in the Book |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/jurassic-parks-ill-fated-lawyer-is-very-different-in-the-book |access-date=September 11, 2025 |website=[[Syfy]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Several other characters were reduced to one scene each, including Henry Wu,<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Anne Victoria |date=March 29, 2022 |title=BD Wong Answers Every Question We Have About the Jurassic Park Films |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/b-d-wong-jurassic-park-dr-wu-role-call.html |access-date=September 11, 2025 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |language=en}}</ref> Dr. Harding,{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=61}} and Dodgson.<ref name=empire/> The name of InGen's corporate rival and Dodgson's employer, [[Biosyn]], is also omitted and was eventually featured in the 2022 film ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandwell |first=Ian |date=June 10, 2022 |title=Who Jurassic World: Dominion's returning villain Lewis Dodgson is |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a40034038/jurassic-world-3-lewis-dodgson-explained-biosyn/ |access-date=September 11, 2025 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Casting===
Because much of the film's budget was going toward its dinosaur effects, Spielberg sought to cast relatively unknown actors, saying: "Basically, I wanted good, solid actors who weren't going to charge outrageous prices. I didn't want to spend three to five million dollars apiece on actors".{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=59–60}} [[Kurt Russell]] and [[Richard Dreyfuss]] were considered for the role of Alan Grant, but were deemed too expensive.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=61}} [[William Hurt]],<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Brent |last2=Lang |first2=J. Kim |date=March 13, 2022 |title=William Hurt, Oscar-Winning Actor for 'Kiss of the Spider Woman,' Dies at 71 |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/william-hurt-dead-kiss-of-the-spider-woman-1235203576/ |access-date=September 27, 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Harrison Ford]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Noelene |date=September 16, 2011 |title=Harrison Ford on an 'Indy' sequel, turning down 'Jurassic Park' |url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/indiana-jones-sequel-jurassic-park-harrison-ford-steven-spielberg-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-video/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622233111/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/indiana-jones-sequel-jurassic-park-harrison-ford-steven-spielberg-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-video/ |archive-date=June 22, 2016 |access-date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> and [[Tim Robbins]] turned down the role, which eventually went to [[Sam Neill]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Vries |first=Hilary |date=June 13, 1993 |title=Breakthrough? Who, Me?: Actor Sam Neill pushes into the mainstream with major roles in 'Jurassic Park' and 'The Piano,' but he says it's the long haul that really counts |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-13-ca-2614-story.html |access-date=June 14, 2023 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Laura Dern]] was cast as Ellie Sattler,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=61, 74}} after [[Robin Wright]] and [[Juliette Binoche]] turned down offers to play the character.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19970713&id=U7AsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6710,4812775 |title=Robin Wright Penn Writes Off Blockbuster Roles |date=July 13, 1997 |website=[[Star-News]] |access-date=June 24, 2016 |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224743/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19970713&id=U7AsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6710%2C4812775 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Nolfi |first=Joey |date=May 15, 2016 |title=Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg: Juliette Binoche says she confronted directors about their lack of female-driven films |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/05/15/juliette-binoche-steven-spielberg-martin-scorsese/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428015802/https://ew.com/article/2016/05/15/juliette-binoche-steven-spielberg-martin-scorsese/ |archive-date=April 28, 2025 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> [[Embeth Davidtz]],<ref name=":14" /> [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], and [[Helen Hunt]] had also auditioned for the role.<ref name=":13">{{cite web |last=Rosen |first=Christopher |date=April 2, 2013 |title='Jurassic Park': Laura Dern Role Could Have Gone To Helen Hunt Or Gwyneth Paltrow |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jurassic-park-laura-dern_n_3001752/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030090414/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jurassic-park-laura-dern_n_3001752 |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref> Despite a 20-year age difference between Neill and Dern, they found their onscreen romance appropriate for the time. Upon reuniting for ''Jurassic World Dominion'', Dern said she was surprised to realize how much of an age gap there is between them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Isobel |date=May 23, 2022 |title=Laura Dern says Jurassic Park age gap has 'only now' felt inappropriate |url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/jurassic-park-laura-dern-sam-neill-age-b2085006.html |access-date=May 28, 2025 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}</ref>

Casting director Janet Hirshenson felt that [[Jeff Goldblum]] was right to play Ian Malcolm after reading the novel, although [[Jim Carrey]] also auditioned for the role.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Josh |date=2023-06-05 |title=Jurassic Park at 30: Jim Carrey Auditioned for Malcolm & More Casting Secrets Revealed |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/jurassic-park-casting-director-30th-anniversary-interview |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=[[Syfy]] |language=en-US}}</ref> According to Hirshenson, Carrey "was terrific, too, but I think pretty quickly we all loved the idea of Jeff".<ref name="EW2013">{{cite magazine |last1=Stack |first1=Tim |last2=Staskiewicz |first2=Keith |date=April 4, 2013 |title=Welcome to ''Jurassic Park'': An oral history |url=https://ew.com/movies/2013/04/04/jurassic-park-oral-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624230653/https://ew.com/movies/2013/04/04/jurassic-park-oral-history/ |archive-date=June 24, 2018 |access-date=June 24, 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> [[Richard Attenborough]] was cast as John Hammond, but was initially hesitant to join the project, which marked his first acting role in 14 years. He eventually signed on at the insistence of Spielberg, who told him, "I can't see anyone else playing it but you".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Bob |author-link=Bob Thomas (reporter) |date=January 27, 1994 |title=His Fame is Likelier to Rest on 'Jurassic Park' than 'Gandhi' |url=https://greensboro.com/his-fame-is-likelier-to-rest-on-jurassic-park-than-gandhi/article_1632f9ac-a633-51a8-8677-ce7ee89aa48f.html |access-date=June 24, 2024 |work=[[Greensboro News and Record]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> [[Sean Connery]], who Crichton had previously worked with on ''[[The First Great Train Robbery]]'', was also a top choice for Hammond, but Connery's fee was too high.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Alex |date=November 25, 2014 |title=5 stars nearly cast in Jurassic Park |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a612325/jurassic-park-who-was-nearly-cast-in-steven-spielbergs-dino-classic/ |access-date=August 6, 2025 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Jones |first=Alan |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Steven Spielberg's creature feature looms as an effects technology groundbreaker. |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=9 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> Neill, Dern, Goldblum, and Attenborough were cast late in pre-production, with only a few weeks to prepare for their roles.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=70}} According to Neill, the process "all happened real quick. I hadn't read the book, knew nothing about it, hadn't heard anything about it, and in a matter of weeks I'm working with Spielberg".<ref name=EW2013/> The start of filming was delayed a month to accommodate Neill's schedule.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=71}}

[[Ariana Richards]], who plays Lex Murphy, said: "I was called into a casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife off the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right".<ref name=EW2013/> [[Christina Ricci]] also auditioned to play Lex.<ref>{{cite web |last=Schuldt |first=Scott |date=May 26, 1995 |title=Star Lives Up to Her Precocious Image |url=http://newsok.com/article/2503760 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021014627/https://oklahoman.com/article/2503760/star-lives-up-to-her-precocious-image |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |access-date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The Oklahoman]]}}</ref> [[Joseph Mazzello]] had [[Screen test|screen-tested]] for a role in ''Hook'', but was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on a future film, subsequently casting him for the role of Tim.<ref name=EW2013/>

Hirshenson, who previously cast [[Whoopi Goldberg]] in the 1990 film ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]'', had [[Samuel L. Jackson]] audition as Ray Arnold after Goldberg noted his performance in the 1991 film ''[[Jungle Fever]]''. Spielberg and Hirshenson were instantly impressed with Jackson and gave him the role.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=60}} Spielberg chose [[Wayne Knight]] to play Dennis Nedry after seeing him in the 1992 film ''[[Basic Instinct]]''.<ref name=BiggestMovie/><ref>{{cite web |last=Harris |first=Will |date=July 25, 2012 |title=Wayne Knight talks about The Exes, Newman, and working in the mud for Jurassic Park |url=http://www.avclub.com/article/wayne-knight-talks-about-emthe-exesem-newman-and-w-82918 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513023518/http://www.avclub.com/article/wayne-knight-talks-about-emthe-exesem-newman-and-w-82918 |archive-date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=June 28, 2016 |work=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> [[BD Wong]] was cast as Dr. Henry Wu, both of Asian descent. He was disappointed by how small the role turned out to be compared with the novel, believing the character's reduced screentime to be the result of racism.<ref name=":8" /> [[Cameron Thor]] had worked with Spielberg on ''Hook'', and initially auditioned to play Malcolm, before being cast as Dodgson.<ref name="empire">{{cite web |last=de Semlyen |first=Nick |date=September 2013 |title=Jurassic Park 20th Anniversary: When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth |url=http://www.nickdesemlyen.com/pdf/JurassicPark.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221133000/http://nickdesemlyen.com/pdf/JurassicPark.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |page=3}}</ref> Molen took on the small role of Dr. Harding.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=61}} In the novel, [[Richard Kiley]] provides the voice of the guide for the park's tour vehicles. For the film, Kiley was cast in the same role.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=61, 67}}

===Design===
{{multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| align             = left
| image1            = BAS 24, Brussels (P1170205-RR).jpg
| image2            = Jeep Wrangler Jurassic Park.jpg
| footer            = The film features customized [[Ford Explorer#First generation (UN46; 1991)|Ford Explorers]] (top) and [[Jeep Wrangler (YJ)|Jeep Wranglers]]
}}

Production designer [[Rick Carter]] did not want the fictional theme park to have "a lot of commercialized edifices that feel shallow and overly bright and overly energetic. Even though that is something that the park would probably evolve into if it were finished, I thought as a film it would feel shallow. This is, after all, not [[Disneyland]]."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=45}} Carter designed the theme park to incorporate [[Architecture of Costa Rica|building designs characteristic of the film's setting of Costa Rica]].<ref name="dawn" /> The exterior design of the park's visitor center was loosely based on a [[Jerusalem]] temple.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=78}} The interior design featured a dinosaur theme, including skeletons and a mural, the latter by artist Doug Henderson.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=115}}{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=113}} For the control room, set designer Lauren Cory referred to computer environments at several theme parks as well as the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=99–101}}{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=92}} The set included a wall-mounted {{convert|6|x|8|ft|adj=on}} screen and numerous computers,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=99–101}} lent by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Silicon Graphics]], [[UMAX Technologies]], and [[Thinking Machines Corporation]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=101}}<ref name=JP1/><ref>{{cite news |date=June 21, 1993 |title=A behind-the-scenes look at the stars of 'Jurassic Park' computers |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/06/21/a-behind-the-scenes-look-at-the-stars-of-jurassic-park-computers/ |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' was the first film to have computer screens running on-camera in real time. In previous films, [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] monitors failed to display correctly on film due to technical issues, resulting in computer screens needing to be inserted in post-production. The film crew solved this issue by dropping the [[refresh rate]] in the screens displayed in the film to 48 hertz.{{Sfn|Sito|2013|pp=256–257}} A second room was built adjacent to the control room, in which a team controlled the graphics seen on the screens in the control room. A full 3D model of Isla Nublar was created to display on the main projection screen, and Earthwatch, a company that made 3D visualizations for computer stations, provided a hurricane model to use on the projection screen.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=68 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref>

The park's vehicles were designed by art director [[John Bell (special effects artist)|John Bell]].<ref name=":15" /> The novel has electric-powered [[Toyota Land Cruiser]]s as the tour vehicles, but Spielberg made a deal with the [[Ford Motor Company]], which provided seven [[Ford Explorer#First generation (UN46; 1991)|Ford Explorers]].{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=219}}<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kanner |first=Bernice |date=November 29, 1993 |title=All The Right Movies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRsAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913141500/https://books.google.com/books?id=wRsAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2016 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |page=20}}</ref> They received a custom paint job and a plexiglass roof. Like in the novel, the vehicles are presented as [[autonomous car]]s. They travel on a track that, in reality, was non-functional.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=80}} [[Industrial Light & Magic]], along with veteran customizer [[George Barris (auto customizer)|George Barris]], modified the Explorers to be controlled by drivers hidden in the trunk of the vehicles,<ref name=":15">{{cite book |title=Barris TV and Movie Cars |page=41 |author1=Barris, George |author2=Fetherston, David |publisher=MotorBooks International |year=1996 |isbn=1-61060-818-6}}</ref> with front-mounted cameras allowing them to see the road. Barris also customized the [[Jeep Wrangler (YJ)|Jeep Wranglers]] used by the park's workers.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Film Crew of Hollywood: Profiles of Grips, Cinematographers, Designers, a Gaffer, a Stuntman and a Makeup |page=174 |author=Udel, James C. |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-7864-6484-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXdzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA149 |access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref> For the sequence in which the Explorers are attacked by the ''T. rex'', special effects supervisor [[Michael Lantieri]] used a complicated system of cables, winches, and rams to rig the vehicles to essentially crush themselves.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Biodrowski |first=Steve |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Coordinating the effects |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=19 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref>

In the film, Dodgson gives Nedry a container, disguised as a can of shaving cream, which is used to transport the stolen dinosaur embryos.<ref>{{cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Vanessa |date=June 19, 2020 |title=A tale of a Barbasol can: How the Jurassic Park McGuffin grew beyond David Keopp's intentions |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/jurassic-park-barbasol-can-david-keopp |access-date=February 5, 2025 |website=[[Syfy]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Weiss |first=Josh |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Smuggle dino-embryos with your very own Barbasol can in honor of 'Jurassic Park's 30th anniversary |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/jurassic-park-anniversary-barbasol-can-announcement |access-date=February 7, 2025 |website=[[Syfy]]}}</ref> According to Bell, the script did not specify a brand of shaving cream, so he browsed at a drug store and eventually chose [[Barbasol]] for its distinctive design.<ref name=dawn/>{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=32}} In addition, Bell designed prop night vision goggles used by Tim prior to the ''T. rex'' breakout,{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=32}} which were in reality nonfunctional.<ref name=":9" />

The decision was made to forgo a [[costume designer]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Goodwin |first=Betty |date=June 11, 1993 |title=And the Dinos Wore Tails |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-11-vw-2111-story.html |access-date=February 8, 2025 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Instead, Molen brought on the costume supervisors from ''Hook'', who selected [[ready-to-wear]] clothing for the cast from various retailers. Malcolm's all-black outfit was an aspect lifted from the novel, and Goldblum added to it by wearing a black leather jacket. Hammond's all-white outfit was meant to evoke him as a sort of religious figure or deity.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=62}} Their outfits are meant to form a dichotomy, with Malcolm and his dark clothing symbolizing Crichton's cynicism and Hammond and his white clothing symbolizing Spielberg's optimism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Tom |date=June 12, 2018 |title=13 dinosaur-sized Jurassic Park secrets you never knew |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a859241/jurassic-park-secrets-facts-trivia-you-never-knew/ |access-date=September 27, 2025 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Filming===
====Hawaii====
[[File:2017-Kauai-Island.jpg|thumb|Much of the Hawaiian shoot took place on the island of [[Kauaʻi|Kaua{{okina}}i]], with many of the locations standing in for Isla Nublar]]
The film's fictional setting of Isla Nublar is located near [[Costa Rica]], which was briefly considered as a filming location early on; this idea was scrapped as production would have occurred during the country's rainy season. [[Puerto Rico]] was seriously considered as well, until Spielberg settled on [[Kauaʻi|Kaua{{okina}}i]], Hawaii. He attributed this decision to his age: "Had I been twenty-six instead of forty-five, I might have gone to [[Yucatan]] or the [[Philippines]] or Costa Rica–someplace really rugged." He also liked the idea of "staying in a nice Hawaiian hotel with room service and a pool", while stating that the tropical landscapes were as good as, or better than, the alternative sites.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=46–47}} In addition, Spielberg was familiar with Hawaii, having filmed there in the past, and was concerned about infrastructure and accessibility at the other locations.<ref name=dawn /> Set construction began in early June 1992, nearly three months before the start of filming. Some of the locations were remote and only accessible with off-road vehicles.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=76}}

[[File:Manawaiopuna Falls.jpg|thumb|left|Scenes involving Isla Nublar's helipad were shot at [[Mānāwaiopuna Falls]]]]
After 25 months of pre-production, filming began on August 24, 1992, at Olokele Canyon.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=65 and 67}}<ref name=JP1>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park notes |url=http://www.lost-world.com/Lost_World02/Jurassic_Park.Site/Jurassic_Park.html |website=Lost-World.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970401110926/http://www.lost-world.com/Lost_World02/Jurassic_Park.Site/Jurassic_Park.html |archive-date=April 1, 1997}}</ref> Richards and Mazzello attended school during filming, and Spielberg would sometimes pull Mazzello, who had expressed interest in directing, out of classes to give him lessons about the profession.<ref name=":16">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.ign.com/videos/watch-jurassic-park-with-joe-mazzello-wfh-theater |title=Watch Jurassic Park with Joe Mazzello - WFH Theater |date=April 24, 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[IGN]] |access-date=September 16, 2025 |via=www.ign.com}}</ref> The three-week Kaua{{okina}}i shoot was focused on exterior scenes, many of them set on Isla Nublar during daytime.<ref name="Production notes">DVD Production Notes</ref> Spontaneous cloud coverage occurred frequently, necessitating the use of lighting and film exposure tricks in order to match with previously shot footage.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=69}} Scenes of the park's visitors arriving and departing Isla Nublar, via helicopter, were filmed at [[Mānāwaiopuna Falls]], which became commonly known as Jurassic Falls after the film's release.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tsutsumi |first=Cheryl Chee |date=June 20, 2010 |title=An adventure of prehistoric proportions |url=http://www.staradvertiser.com/2010/06/20/travel/hawaiis-backyard/an-adventure-of-prehistoric-proportions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112321/http://www.staradvertiser.com/2010/06/20/travel/hawaiis-backyard/an-adventure-of-prehistoric-proportions/ |archive-date=September 13, 2018 |work=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser]]}}</ref><ref name="Leasca" /> Keōpuka Rock, alternatively known as Jurassic Rock, was used for an early shot of the helicopter as it approaches Isla Nublar. The rock is located near the island of [[Maui]], but filming otherwise continued on Kaua{{okina}}i.<ref name=Leasca/>

The exterior of the Jurassic Park visitor center was built on the grounds of the Valley House Plantation Estate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.legendarytrips.com/trip/jurassic-park-filming-locations-hawaii/ |title=Jurassic Park filming locations |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924073257/http://www.legendarytrips.com/trip/jurassic-park-filming-locations-hawaii/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It was constructed as a {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} high facade, nearly {{convert|200|ft|m|}} in length.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=44, 76}} A Jurassic Park gate, marking the start of the theme park tour, was built at the base of [[Mount Waiʻaleʻale|Mount Wai{{okina}}ale{{okina}}ale]].{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=77}}

[[File:Botanical Gardens Kauai, Hawaii - panoramio (8).jpg|thumb|Trees at [[Allerton Garden]], used for a scene involving a dinosaur nest]]
An early scene, set at an amber mine in the [[Dominican Republic]], was filmed near [[Hoʻopiʻi Falls|Ho{{okina}}opi{{okina}}i Falls]].<ref name="Leasca">{{cite web |last=Leasca |first=Stacey |date=September 18, 2024 |title=16 'Jurassic Park' Filming Locations You Can Visit |url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/attractions/jurassic-park-filming-locations |access-date=February 7, 2025 |website=[[Travel + Leisure]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=72}} A meeting between Nedry and Dodgson was shot in [[Kapaʻa, Hawaii|Kapa{{okina}}a]], standing in for [[San José, Costa Rica]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Bartlett |first=Tony |title=For Movie Buffs, Kauai Tour Guide Delivers the Reel Thing |url=https://www.travelweekly.com/Destinations2001-2007/For-Movie-Buffs-Kauai-Tour-Guide-Delivers-the-Reel-Thing |website=Travel Weekly |access-date=February 7, 2025 |date=August 25, 1997}}</ref> The raptor enclosure set was built at [[Limahuli Garden and Preserve]], operated by the [[National Tropical Botanical Garden]] (NTBG).{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=72, 74}} [[Allerton Garden]], another NTBG property, was used in two instances: a set depicting the maintenance shed exterior, and a scene in which Grant discovers a dinosaur nest and realizes the animals are breeding.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=74, 77}}

Towering fences, standing {{convert|24|ft|m}}, were among the on-site construction work, representing the electrified perimeters of the ''T. rex'' enclosure during daytime scenes. Despite the simple design of the fencing, the project proved to be one of the most difficult for the production crew, as one of the filming sites was the remote Olokele Canyon. Lantieri said the crew "had to haul all of this steel up there, drill holes like you would for telephone poles, pour concrete, and then pull all of the cables, which were three-quarter-inch aluminum with steel in the middle."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=79}}

[[File:Kualoa Ranch 2014.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kualoa Ranch]] on [[Oʻahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], where the ''[[Gallimimus]]'' scene was filmed]]
The longest stretch of fence measured over {{convert|200|ft|m}}, and more than {{Convert|6|mi|km}} of cable were used in total. Spielberg wanted to avoid sagging in the cables, so the crew hired workers from a local company that was experienced with power lines. Lantieri called the project "an enormous job—and for very little payoff. People will look at the movie and say, 'Oh, there's a fence,' never realizing what it took to get it there."{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=79}} The canyon location was used for a scene in which Grant and the children, on their way to the visitor center, must climb over the fence to proceed.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=69}}

On September 11, 1992, the last scheduled day of the Kaua{{okina}}i shoot, [[Hurricane Iniki]] passed directly over the island. The cast and crew found out too late about the impending hurricane and took shelter at their hotel. Spielberg and a small crew ventured outside during the hurricane to capture brief footage, used in the film to depict the storm that hits Isla Nublar. A scene depicting a ''[[Gallimimus]]'' herd was to be shot on Kaua{{okina}}i, but the island was ravaged by the hurricane.<ref name=":9" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=85–86}} The scene was instead filmed two weeks later at [[Kualoa Ranch]], located on the island of [[Oʻahu|O{{okina}}ahu]]. With its high cliffs, the ranch was considered more attractive than the empty plain that was originally planned for the scene.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=86, 134–5}} The hurricane also prevented an onscreen death for Ray Arnold, who was supposed to be chased down and killed by a ''Velociraptor''; in the final film, he dies offscreen.<ref name="empire" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rife |first=Katie |date=January 18, 2018 |title=Samuel L. Jackson on Nick Fury, Mace Windu, and the power of a great wig |url=https://www.avclub.com/samuel-l-jackson-on-nick-fury-mace-windu-and-the-pow-1821515913 |access-date=September 17, 2025 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Despite the hurricane, the Hawaiian shoot came in essentially on budget and on schedule.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=87}}

====California====
[[File:View Over Universal Studios Backlot (2562140962).jpg|thumb|Most of the filming in California occurred on [[sound stage]]s, primarily at the [[Universal Studios Lot]]]]
By September 15, 1992, the cast and crew had moved to California, where the remainder of filming was scheduled to take place, primarily on [[sound stage]]s.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=87}} The majority of stage shooting occurred at the [[Universal Studios Lot]] in the Los Angeles area.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=43, 45}} Among the first sets to be used there was an industrial-sized kitchen, which was built on Stage 24, for when the raptors stalk Lex and Tim.<ref name="JP1" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=89}} The sequence was filmed over two weeks.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPFOYwdWv3s |title=Jurassic Park 30th Anniversary Special: Excavating The T. rex & Kitchen Scenes |date=October 16, 2023 |last= |publisher=Jurassic World |access-date=2025-09-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Because the kitchen was filled with reflective surfaces, Cundey had to carefully plan the illumination while also using black cloths to hide the light reflections.<ref name=pre/>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=90}}

Filming moved to Stage 23 for scenes involving the maintenance shed interior, before moving to [[Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)|Red Rock Canyon]], which stood in as Grant's paleontological dig site.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hammond |first=Jon |date=October 24, 2022 |title=Pen in Hand: 'Jurassic Park' and 174 other films and pilots shot at Red Rock Canyon |url=https://www.bakersfield.com/entertainment/pen-in-hand-jurassic-park-and-174-other-films-and-pilots-shot-at-red-rock/article_ea523c92-53d4-11ed-a973-1b97d09e035a.html |access-date=February 5, 2025 |work=[[The Bakersfield Californian]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=91–93}} The filmmakers originally planned to shoot in [[Montana]], where the scene is set, but this was scrapped to save time and money. [[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|Jack Horner]], the film's paleontological advisor, was consulted to ensure an accurate representation of a dig site,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=91–93}} although other paleontologists have found the scene to be overly simplified and unrealistic.<ref>{{cite web |last=Black |first=Riley |date=April 5, 2013 |title=The Most Ridiculous Scene in Jurassic Park |url=https://slate.com/technology/2013/04/jurassic-park-re-release-scientists-snort-at-the-dinosaur-excavation-scene.html |access-date=February 7, 2025 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref>

Filming continued to progress ahead of schedule,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=94}} with Spielberg crediting the project's extensive use of storyboards; every action sequence in the film had been storyboarded almost two years prior to the start of filming, and Spielberg tightly followed the storyboards when shooting the sequences.<ref name=BiggestMovie/> Back at Universal, Stage 27 was decorated with real and synthetic jungle vegetation for various scenes.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=95}} The stage was used initially to depict Grant helping Tim out of a tour vehicle, after it has been shoved over a cliff by the ''T. rex'' and into a tree.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=43, 45}} Upon retrieving Tim, the vehicle begins to drop through the tree foliage, forcing the humans to quickly descend before being crushed. This was one of the most challenging scenes to shoot and required the creation of a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} artificial tree, made of steel, with the vehicle dropped down the tree multiple times to acquire the needed footage. Spielberg wanted the tree to appear three times taller than it actually was, so three sides were each decorated to represent a different portion of the vehicle drop.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=96–97}} The same steel structure was then redressed to serve as a different tree, for a scene in which Grant and the children take refuge and encounter a ''[[Brachiosaurus]]''.<ref name="JP1" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=98–99}} Stage 28 was used for scenes taking place in the park's control room and laboratory.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=99}} Over the course of a day,<ref name=":8" /> Wong shot his scene on the latter set.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=96}}

[[File:Warner Bros. Stage 16, Warner Bros. Studios (Burbank).jpg|thumb|left|Stage 16 at [[Warner Bros. Studios Burbank|Warner Bros. Studios]] was used for the ''T. rex'' breakout sequence]]
Universal lacked a stage large enough to accommodate the ''T. rex'' breakout set, which was instead filmed on Stage 16 at [[Warner Bros. Studios Burbank|Warner Bros. Studios]], located nearby.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=45}} Filming began there on October 27, 1992, with the stage decorated to match the Hawaii footage.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=103, 106}} The sequence is set at night during a storm, and the stage included rain machines and mud, making the shoot wet and messy for the cast and crew.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=111–112}} Spielberg anticipated that the sequence could be the most difficult of the film, due to the rain machines and the logistics of using a life-sized ''T. rex'' [[animatronic]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=105}} Complications arose when the ''T. rex'' began to shake and quiver from extra weight, as the dinosaur's foam rubber skin had absorbed a significant amount of the rainwater. Crew members had to dry the model with [[chamois leather|shammies]] between takes.<ref name="pre" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=110–112}} The animatronic was so heavy that it was effectively impossible to move, so when the ''T. rex'' was supposed to move within the scene, the crew instead shifted the whole set around the animatronic to give the appearance that the ''T. rex'' was in a different place.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Biodrowski |first=Steve |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Production Design |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=25 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> During the scene where the ''T. rex'' attacks a tour vehicle, the animatronic hit the vehicle's plexiglass roof with more force than intended, and one of its teeth came out; it was so difficult to reinsert that Spielberg decided to continue shooting without it, resulting in the ''T. rex'' having a missing tooth in the final film.<ref name=":9">{{cite web |last=Schedeen |first=Jesse |date=April 24, 2020 |title=Jurassic Park: Hurricanes, T-Rex Bloopers and Other Hilarious Revelations About the Original Movie |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/jurassic-park-wfh-theater-joseph-mazzello-t-rex-blooper-tim-murphy-sequel |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref><ref name="ABC">{{cite news |last1=Effron |first1=Lauren |last2=Gowen |first2=Gwen |date=May 22, 2018 |title='Jurassic Park' turns 25: Behind-the-scenes moments you may not have known about the iconic summer thriller |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/jurassic-park-turns-25-scenes-moments-iconic-summer/story?id=55332468 |access-date=February 7, 2025 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> The sequence in the novel had included the ''T. rex'' lifting a vehicle in its mouth and then throwing it, which was removed because ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' was not large enough for such a thing to be possible. Instead, Spielberg had the ''T. rex'' headbutt the vehicle, which was inspired by the film ''[[Hatari!]]''.<ref name=":23">{{Cite magazine |last=Shapiro |first=Marc |date=July 1993 |title=A Terrifying Ticket to Jurassic Park |magazine=[[Fangoria]] |page= |pages=45, 71 |issue=124 |issn=0164-2111}}</ref> It was decided onset that the ''T. rex'' would eat Gennaro; the initial plan was to have him killed offscreen, but this was changed when the filmmakers realized that the ''T. rex'' did not eat anybody in the film.<ref name=":24">{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=80 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> Unlike in monster films such as ''Godzilla'', where the camera tends to be higher to show off the monster, the sequence was shot entirely at ground level, as Spielberg wanted the audience to see the ''T. rex'' from the point of view of the characters.<ref>"Early Pre-Production Meetings". ''Jurassic Park'' (Blu-ray ed.). 2011.</ref>

An early shot in the sequence focuses on the dashboard of one of the vehicles, with ripples forming in a glass of water, caused by the footsteps of the approaching ''T. rex''. This was inspired by Spielberg listening to [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure how to create the shot until the night before filming when he put a glass of water on his guitar, which achieved the concentric circles in the water that Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were run through the car, and a man on the floor plucked them to achieve the effect.<ref name="Earl doc"/><ref>{{cite news |title=The 200 things that rocked our world |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=February 2006 |page=131}}</ref> Like Gennaro, Malcolm was originally scripted to flee in fear from the ''T. rex''. This was changed with an on-set suggestion by Goldblum, who felt that heroic action was better. Instead, the scene features Malcolm using a flare to distract the dinosaur, allowing Grant to retrieve the children from the wrecked tour vehicle.<ref name="pre" />

The Warner Bros. set included the cliff that the ''T. rex'' shoves the vehicle over.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=107}} Koepp questioned the set design,{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=105}} which created an apparent [[plot hole]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Watson |first=Fay |title=Jurassic Park fans are still debating one of the film's biggest 'plot holes' |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/jurassic-park-plot-hole-t-rex-enclosure-argument/ |website=GamesRadar |access-date=February 8, 2025 |date=January 18, 2024}}</ref> as the cliff would appear seemingly where the dinosaur had broken out: "I asked Steven, 'Don't you think people are going to notice that suddenly there's this cliff?' And he looked at me like I was from another planet and pointed at the great big robot of the ''T. rex'' and said, 'There's a ''T. rex''! They're not gonna notice anything else but that!' And he was right." Also filmed at Warner Bros. was the ''T. rex''{{'}}s pursuit of a Jeep.{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=105}} Returning to Universal, the filmmakers shot scenes involving the deaths of Nedry and Muldoon, both on Stage 27;<ref name="JP1" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=112–113}} this location and Stage 16 were the only sound stages used for exterior scenes.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=45}}

The film was initially written to end with Grant using a crane to maneuver one raptor into the jaws of a fossil tyrannosaur and Hammond shooting the other one with a [[rocket launcher]], while the ''T. rex'' was set to be killed off earlier in the film.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Morrow |first=Brendan |date=June 9, 2023 |title='Jurassic Park' 30th anniversary: 13 things you didn't know about the film |url=https://theweek.com/culture/1024055/jurassic-park-30th-anniversary |access-date=September 5, 2025 |website=[[The Week]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=94 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> However, the ''T. rex'' sequence at Warner Bros., shot weeks before the end of filming, made Spielberg realize the dinosaur was the main star of ''Jurassic Park''. He felt that audiences would be disappointed if the ''T. rex'' did not make a final appearance, and had the ending changed so the dinosaur faces off against multiple raptors in the visitor center, inadvertently saving the humans.<ref name="Earl doc" /><ref name=JP2/> Afterward, the ''T. rex'' makes what Spielberg described as a "[[King Kong]]-esque roar" while a banner reading "When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" falls.<ref name="pre" /> Because the ''T. rex'' animatronic was enormously heavy, and the visitor center set had not been built to accommodate it, the ''T. rex'' in the ending sequence had to be digitally rendered.<ref name=":1" /> In the film, a pair of dinosaur skeletons hang from the ceiling, and break apart when a ''Velociraptor'' crashes into them. Molds for the bones were provided by Research Casting International, a company that provided molds for museum displays, and the skeletons were constructed by Lantieri's team. They had to determine how the ''Velociraptor'' would crash into the display, and how each part of the skeleton collapsing would impact the other parts. The bones were prescored in order to create weak points so that the skeleton would break into predictable sections. The display was held together by cables and pneumatic rams, which could be released sequentially in order to make specific parts of the skeletons collapse in order. Everything was very carefully timed in order to ensure that the collapse would go exactly as planned. Lantieri described it as being "very much like dance choreography" and said that it was extremely challenging, partially because the disassembling had to be achieved in one take.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page= |pages=93, 95 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> The visitor center interior was constructed on Stage 12 at Universal. Cundey shot the finale with wide lenses to show off as much of the set as possible, but this also made the placing of on-set lights a "painstaking" process.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=114–115}} According to assistant director [[John T. Kretchmer]], the final scene to be filmed was a retake of a shot in the scene where Hammond meets Grant and Sattler. Spielberg, who rarely used more than seven takes, retook that shot about sixteen times, explaining to Kretchmer that he loved filming the movie and did not want to stop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Josh |date=May 29, 2024 |title=Jurassic Park's Assistant Director Reveals the 4 Big Lessons He Learned from Steven Spielberg |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/jurassic-park-first-assistant-director-john-kretchmer-interview |access-date=September 22, 2025 |website=[[Syfy]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' wrapped under budget and 12 days ahead of schedule on November 30, 1992.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |last=Archerd |first=Army |author-link=Army Archerd |date=December 1, 1992 |title=Spielberg parks 'Jurassic' under sked, budget |url=https://variety.com/1992/voices/columns/spielberg-parks-jurassic-under-sked-budget-1117862089/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709010610/http://variety.com/1992/voices/columns/spielberg-parks-jurassic-under-sked-budget-1117862089/ |archive-date=July 9, 2013 |access-date=January 27, 2007 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=120}}

===Dinosaurs on screen===
{{see also|Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park{{!}}Dinosaurs in ''Jurassic Park''}}
For ''Jurassic Park'', Spielberg sought to go beyond a simple monster movie,<ref name="dawn">{{cite news |date=2011 |title=Return to Jurassic Park: Dawn of a New Era |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5f_Sf48ZDE |work=Jurassic Park |edition=Blu-ray}}</ref> with Carter stating that they "tried to find the animal in the dinosaur as opposed to the monster in the dinosaur. The idea was not to make them any less threatening, but rather to keep them from doing as much 'monster schtick.'"{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=14}} Underscoring this point, Spielberg banned the words "monster" and "creature" on set, forcing the crew to refer to the dinosaurs as "animals" instead.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCaLJYOAUkE |title=Script to Screen: Jurassic Park |date=July 3, 2022 |last= |publisher=University of California Television (UCTV) |access-date=September 5, 2025 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Spielberg hired paleontologist [[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|Jack Horner]] to ensure that the dinosaurs would be designed and portrayed accurately, based on then-current knowledge of the animals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cahlan |first=Sarah |date=June 20, 2018 |title='Jurassic World': Paleontologist who inspired Alan Grant role talks real-life dino science |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/jurassic-world-paleontologist-who-inspired-alan-grant-role-talks-real-ncna885046 |access-date=October 12, 2025 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Certain concepts about dinosaurs were followed, like the theory that they [[Origin of birds|evolved into birds]] and had very little in common with lizards. This prompted the removal of the raptors' flicking tongues in early [[animatics]],<ref name="Earl doc"/> as Horner complained it was implausible.<ref>{{cite news |last=French |first=Lawrence |title=Jurassic Park: Dinosaur Movements |work=[[Cinefantastique]] |pages=20–21 |volume=24 |number=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> 

Despite the film title's referencing the [[Jurassic]] period, ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' and ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'' are the only dinosaurs featured that lived during that time; the other species in the film did not exist until the [[Cretaceous]].<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Stephen Jay Gould|Gould, Stephen]] |title=Dinomania |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |date=August 12, 1993 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1993/aug/12/dinomania/ |access-date=April 2, 2007 |archive-date=June 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606040242/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1993/aug/12/dinomania/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The latter period is mentioned early in the film when Grant describes the ferocity of ''[[Velociraptor]]'' to a young boy, saying: "Try to imagine yourself in the Cretaceous period".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pressherald.com/life/go/dino-mite_2013-04-04.html?pagenum=full |title=Movies: Dino-mite! Back to Jurassic Park, in 3-D |date=April 4, 2013 |work=[[Portland Press Herald]] |author=Guzman, Rafer |access-date=January 13, 2014 |archive-date=January 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113170554/http://www.pressherald.com/life/go/dino-mite_2013-04-04.html?pagenum=full |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Effects====
[[File:Dennis Muren.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dennis Muren]] (pictured in 2007) oversaw the computer-generated dinosaurs created by [[Industrial Light & Magic]] (ILM)]]
The dinosaurs were created through various methods, including [[animatronics]] and [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI).<ref name=JP2>{{cite web |title=Behind the Scenes |url=http://www.lost-world.com/Lost_World02/Jurassic_Park.Site/Behind.html |website=Lost-World.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712103038/http://www.lost-world.com/Lost_World02/Jurassic_Park.Site/Behind.html |archive-date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=February 9, 2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Browne |first=Malcolm W. |title=Visiting 'Jurassic Park' For Real |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/06/movies/film-visiting-jurassic-park-for-real.html |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=June 6, 1993}}</ref> Spielberg sought to use full-scale dinosaurs on-set as much as possible, rather than relying on [[stop motion]], a [[post-production]] method commonly used in dinosaur films up to that point.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=16}} He knew, early on, that stop motion would still be needed for [[wide shot]]s of the dinosaurs.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=51}} To help create the dinosaurs, Spielberg consulted and worked closely with [[Dennis Muren]], an effects supervisor at [[Industrial Light & Magic]] (ILM), which had already provided effects for several of his films.<ref name="BiggestMovie">{{cite web |last=Sears |first=Rufus |date=August 1993 |title=How Jurassic Park Became The Biggest Movie Of All Time |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/making-jurassic-park/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620212726/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/making-jurassic-park |archive-date=June 20, 2016 |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=17}} Spielberg hired [[Phil Tippett]], who had previously created stop-motion dinosaur effects for the short film ''[[Prehistoric Beast]]'' and the documentary film [[Dinosaur! (1985 film)|''Dinosaur!'']], to create the dinosaur wide shots using [[go motion]], a variation of stop motion, with ILM set to refine his work through [[compositing]] and adding [[motion blur]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite magazine |last=French |first=Lawrence |date=August 1993 |title=Phil Tippett, Dinosaur |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page= |pages=16 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=38, 48}}{{Sfn|Vaz|Duignan|1996|p=215}} Tippett was hired very early in production, prior to the publication of Crichton's novel, and gave input to Spielberg and Koepp during the development of the script, providing them with guidance on dinosaur accuracy as well as what was possible to film based upon his effects experience and knowledge of dinosaurs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2020 |title=Week 6: Watch the 'Jurassic Park' meetup on the Ultimate Summer Movie Showdown |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-06-25/week-6-watch-the-jurassic-park-meetup-on-the-ultimate-summer-movie-showdown |access-date=October 23, 2025 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Also hired early in production was special effects supervisor [[Michael Lantieri]], who was heavily involved with determining how to create full-sized dinosaurs.<ref name=":03">{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |pages=47–48 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref>

Early on, Spielberg thought of hiring ride designer [[Bob Gurr]] to create the full-scale dinosaurs,<ref name="McBride" /> having been impressed by his work on a giant mechanical [[King Kong]], made for the [[King Kong Encounter]] at [[Universal Studios Hollywood]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Nigel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfElDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT65 |title=A Companion to Steven Spielberg |date=2017 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-72680-8 |access-date=February 7, 2025}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=18–19}} Upon reflection, Spielberg felt that Gurr's life-sized robots would be too expensive and unconvincing.<ref name="Earl doc" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=18–19}} The crew also considered [[Dinamation]], as well as [[Jim Henson's Creature Shop]], for the creation of full-size dinosaurs.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=48 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> Spielberg then contacted effects artist [[Stan Winston]],{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=19}} having seen his work on the [[Xenomorph#Queen|Alien Queen]] in the 1986 film ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]''. Winston said the Queen was easy compared to a dinosaur animatronic, because it was lightweight and did not have to look like a real animal.<ref>{{cite web |last=MacManus |first=Christopher |title=Making the dinosaurs of 'Jurassic Park' |url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/making-the-dinosaurs-of-jurassic-park-pictures/ |website=CNET |access-date=February 7, 2025 |date=April 10, 2013}}</ref> A decade earlier, Winston had declined to work on Spielberg's ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'', which was a decision he regretted. As a result, despite not having any idea if it was possible for his team to build animatronic dinosaurs, Winston agreed to work on the film. This was not an official contract, however, as Universal had not yet greenlit ''Jurassic Park''.{{Sfn|Duncan|2006|p=164}}

Mark "Crash" McCreery, one of Winston's artists, created numerous dinosaur sketches over the course of about a year, focusing particularly on scientific accuracy.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=20–21}}{{Sfn|Duncan|2006|p=164}} These impressed Universal, which eventually hired Winston's team to make the film's on-set dinosaurs.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=23}} Winston and ILM also worked together on the 1991 film ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=48}} As with previous films, Winston's workers consisted of two groups: the art department, responsible in this case for the dinosaurs' outer appearance; and the mechanical department, which would handle the technical inner workings.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=24}} The design for the appearance of the dinosaurs was most strongly influenced by the artwork of paleoartist [[John Gurche]].<ref name=":20">{{Cite magazine |last=Biodrowski |first=Steve |date=August 1993 |title=Interview: Stan Winston on making Jurassic Park's full-size dinos live and breath |url=http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/1993/08/interview-stan-winston-on-making-jurassic-parks-full-size-dinos-live-and-breath/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510085254/http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/1993/08/interview-stan-winston-on-making-jurassic-parks-full-size-dinos-live-and-breath/ |archive-date=May 10, 2012 |access-date=October 14, 2025 |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=29 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> Every dinosaur in the film was designed by Winston's crew, including the ones that were not filmed with animatronics. Animatronics were created of the ''Brachiosaurus'', ''Dilophosaurus'', ''Triceratops'', ''T. rex'', and ''Velociraptor'', as well as the ''Velociraptor'' hatchling.{{Sfn|Duncan|2006|p=166}} Winston's crew created fully detailed fifth-scale models of the dinosaurs and cut them into cross-sections, then expanded each cross-section to full size versions made of plywood, fiberglass, Roma clay, and hardware cloth, which were then assembled onto a robotic frame.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |pages=50–51 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> The animatronics then underwent final sculpting, and [[latex]] skin was fitted on.<ref name="Earl doc"/><ref name=":20" /> Sound stages were considered the most ideal filming environment for the animatronics, allowing sets to be built on elevated platforms with the mechanics of the dinosaurs concealed underneath.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=43}} Those mechanics, described as "dinosaur interfaces," were built by Lantieri's team to allow for the creatures to have a broad range of movement, with rigs that would accommodate Winston's puppeteers, pneumatics, and underground cranes and dollies.<ref name=asc>{{cite journal|title=Jurassic Park: Effects Team Brings Dinosaurs Back from Extinction|url=https://theasc.com/articles/jurassic-park-effects-team-brings-dinosaurs-back|author=Magid, Ron|journal=[[American Cinematographer]]|date=June 1993}}</ref> Lantieri's team quickly discovered that jungle sets were comparatively easy to hide interfaces in, as foliage was able to conceal equipment, while indoor sets had fewer hiding spots. The most difficult set to incorporate dinosaur interfaces into was the kitchen set, as so much of the set was visible in the shots; the problem was eventually solved by hiding rods in the floor and countertops, as well as a building a harness system for the ''Velociraptors'' and a [[Camera dolly|dolly system]] underneath the floor.<ref name=":23" /> As Winston's crew had to be on set during filming in order to operate the animatronics, they were classified as actors and joined the [[Screen Actors Guild]].{{Sfn|Duncan|2006|pp=170–171}}

[[File:Museo Cinema Torino - Jurassic Park step motion diorama.jpg|thumb|A pre-production ''T. rex'' model, displayed at the [[National Museum of Cinema]] of [[Turin]], Italy]]
In addition to wide shots, Tippett was tasked with creating go-motion [[animatics]] early on to help develop two major sequences: one depicting the ''T. rex'' breakout, and the other involving the raptors in the kitchen. His team built the dinosaur puppets out of [[foam rubber]] and based their design on maquettes made by Winston.<ref name="Earl doc" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=47}}<ref name=":18">{{Cite magazine |last=French |first=Lawrence |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Dinosaur Movements |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=20 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> Despite go motion's attempts at [[motion blur]]s, Spielberg found the end results unsatisfactory for a live-action feature film.<ref name="Earl doc" /> He wanted to include a stampede of dinosaur herds, but was unsure how to achieve this. After breaking new ground with the CGI effects in ''Terminator 2'', Muren thought ILM could handle the stampede rather than Tippett: "Creating herds of animals with puppets would be very difficult, so I thought maybe that was something we might be able to do with computer graphics."<ref name="BiggestMovie" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=48}}

ILM animator [[Steve Williams (animator)|Steve Williams]] believed that more could be done with CGI than just the stampede: "All of us wanted a crack at the ''T-rex'', but we thought we could never get it because Stan was already in there, and so was Phil. But the attraction was strong, so I secretly started building some ''T-rex'' bones in the computer." Williams scanned the schematics of a ''T. rex'' skeleton at the [[Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology]] to create his virtual skeleton and then animated a [[walk cycle]] for it. Fellow animator [[Mark A.Z. Dippé|Mark Dippé]] also believed that CGI could be used for the film on a large scale, pushing Muren for months to consider the possibility. Muren was hesitant to commit to creating additional CGI dinosaurs because he was concerned about ILM's ability to produce the unprecedented effects within the film's production timeline, and because the production had already committed to the use of animatronics and stop motion. Muren, Kennedy and Molen were impressed when Williams unveiled his skeleton animation, and Muren was given approval to explore the use of CGI for the herd shots.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=49}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Magid |first=Ron |date=December 1993 |title=ILM's Digital Dinosaurs Tear Up Effects Jungle |magazine=[[American Cinematographer]] |pages=46–47 |volume=74 |issue=12 |issn=2573-5004}}</ref>

The ''T. rex'' animation was examined further. Winston's fifth-scale prototype of the dinosaur was scanned by [[Cyberware (company)|Cyberware]], and the data was refined with various computer programs to fit over the skeleton, creating a digital ''T. rex''. The model was lit by [[Stefen Fangmeier]] and animated by Williams using programs such as Sock, with the finished result impressing Spielberg so much that he scrapped the go-motion method, instead tasking ILM with creating digital dinosaurs for full-body shots.<ref name="dawn" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=50–53}}<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=The Beauty in the Beasts|last=Duncan|first=Jody|date=August 1993|magazine=[[Cinefex]]|issue=55|page=55|issn=0198-1056}}</ref> Upon seeing the ''T. rex'' animation, Tippett had declared, "I think I'm extinct." Spielberg had this incorporated into the script: Grant, impressed by Jurassic Park's living dinosaurs, says to Sattler, "We're out of a job," to which Malcolm replies, "Don't you mean extinct?"<ref name="Earl doc" /><ref name=McBride/>

[[File:Dinosaur Input Device Velociraptor.jpg|thumb|left|The "Dinosaur Input Device" raptor used for the film]]
Tippett had assembled a 30-person crew to prepare for the go-motion segments; Spielberg did not wish to lose his expertise, and Muren sought to keep him involved with the project as an advisor to ILM's animators. Muren later noted that "this is the first generation of computer animators, and they are struggling with hardware and software limitations that make the process excruciatingly painful and slow." Although Tippett disliked computers, Muren eventually convinced him to remain involved on ''Jurassic Park''. Tippett and the ILM team spent approximately a month learning each other's respective fields.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=50–53}}

Tippett, who was also an amateur paleontologist, acted as a consultant for dinosaur anatomy and movement,<ref name="Earl doc" /><ref name=":17" /> and his animatics were used, along with storyboards, as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences, as a guide for the movements of Winston's animatronics, and to help the actors visualize the dinosaurs that would be in the sequence.<ref name=pre>{{cite news |title=Return to Jurassic Park: Making Prehistory |work=Jurassic Park |edition=Blu-ray |date=2011}}</ref><ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=The Beauty in the Beasts|last=Duncan|first=Jody|date=August 1993|magazine=[[Cinefex]]|issue=55|page=52|issn=0198-1056}}</ref> ILM's artists were sent on private tours to zoos, marine exhibits, and a local animal park, so they could study large animals – rhinos, elephants, alligators, and giraffes – up close. They also took classes in mime, dance, movement, and stop-motion to aid in understanding movements.<ref name=back/>{{Sfn|Vaz|Duignan|1996|pp=218–219}} The design team also watched previous films that featured dinosaurs, including ''[[King Kong (1933 film)|King Kong]]'', ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'', and the work of [[Ray Harryhausen]] in order to see how dinosaurs had been portrayed in the past and determine what they wanted to improve upon.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Shapiro |first=Marc |date=July 1993 |title=A Terrifying Ticket to Jurassic Park |magazine=[[Fangoria]] |page=44 |issue=124 |issn=0164-2111}}</ref> A "movement [[Bible (screenwriting)|bible]]" was developed, which contained information about the dinosaurs' movements and character traits.{{Sfn|Vaz|Duignan|1996|p=219}} 

In an effects test, the ''T. rex'' model displayed an issue with unusually jerky movement, which ILM's animators were unable to fix. To solve this, [[Tippett Studio]] and ILM created Dinosaur Input Devices, which were [[Armature (animation)|armatures]] with motion encoders that fed information into computers, allowing Tippett Studio artists [[Randal M. Dutra]] and Tom St. Amand to animate [[Wire-frame model|wire-frame models]] of the dinosaurs like stop-motion puppets. St. Amand and Bart Trickel built two ''Velociraptor'' armatures and two ''T. rex'' armatures, each about {{Convert|3|ft|m}} long and made of aircraft aluminum in order to be as light as possible. All of the encoders, which were placed at the joints of the armatures, transmitted data through wires to a controller box, which converted the sensor signals into computer input. This logged the movement as [[Key frame|key frames]] through [[Pixar]]'s [[Pixar RenderMan|RenderMan]] software, which ILM animators then smoothed and refined to make the movement more realistic. The movement was then applied to a full digital dinosaur model, which was created by [[laser scanning]] Winston's fifth-scale models. The creation of the devices was supervised by Thomas A. Williams, as Tippett Studio artist [[Craig Hayes]] designed the armatures, Pixar's Rick Sayre built the controller box, and Brian Knep designed the computer software. The software was made to be very easy to use, as most Tippett Studio artists had very limited computer experience. The development of the devices took about four months, of which two months were spent prototyping and a further 6–8 weeks was spent building the final armatures. Rough replicas of the sets were created in both the computer and physically, in miniature, in order to simulate the interaction of the dinosaurs with their environment. The stop-motion animators planned the movement of the dinosaurs by manually posing every few frames and allowing the computer to link the frames together. However, for the final shots, every frame was hand-animated, as the computer-generated motion between key frames looked unnaturally smooth. A total of 15 CGI shots, including eight of the eleven CGI shots in the ''T. rex'' escape sequence and a further seven shots in the kitchen sequence, made use of the devices, while the film's other 37 CGI shots had the motion animated directly on the dinosaur models using [[Softimage 3D]]. The artists then used a newly developed program called Viewpaint to paint [[Texture mapping|texture maps]] onto the models, providing color and texture to the dinosaurs. Enveloping, a program ILM built for the purpose of enhancing the dinosaur animation, allowed the animators to realistically simulate the movement of skin over the underlying bones and muscles. The dinosaurs were incorporated into the live-action footage using multiple tools, including placing green tennis balls and glow sticks as reference points for [[match moving]] through SoftImage to allow free camera movement, digital [[rotoscoping]] using [[Avid Matador|Matador]], and compositing, which included inserting digital [[Blur (photographic effect)|blur]], [[film grain]], camera movement, camera bounce, and various environmental effects, all in order to create the impression that the dinosaurs were recorded in-camera and were not digital effects. Finally, imperfections and filming tools such as cables and winches were painted out using Matador and [[Adobe Photoshop|Photoshop]].<ref name="dawn" />{{Sfn|Vaz|Duignan|1996|pp=218–228}}{{Sfn|Sito|2013|p=256}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Magid |first=Ron |date=December 1993 |title=After Jurassic Park, Traditional Techniques May Become Fossils |magazine=[[American Cinematographer]] |pages=62–65 |volume=74 |issue=12 |issn=2573-5004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |pages=56–59, 67 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> Rather than using quick shots of dinosaurs, which were customary for effects shots of the time, Muren and Tippett used longer shots to mimic the style of a [[nature documentary]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=French |first=Lawrence |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Dennis Muren |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=27 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> Determining which dinosaur shots would be rendered through Winston's animatronics and which would be rendered through CGI depended upon multiple factors, including how much movement the dinosaur would perform within the shot, as walking shots required CGI, as well as the extent to which the dinosaur would interact with the environment, because physical interaction was easier with animatronics.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Biodrowski |first=Steve |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Filming the dinosaurs |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |pages=14, 17 |volume=24 |issue=2 |issn=0145-6032}}</ref>

<!--  I have no idea where to put this, so I left it here. Please feel free to move it somewhere it would flow better.  -->Because the film was on the forefront of photorealistic CGI development, numerous challenges arose for the cast and crew as they filmed while attempting to account for dinosaurs that had not yet been rendered. The production staff employed a variety of tools in order to establish line-of-sight references for the actors, including holding up boards in locations where a dinosaur would later be composited on, which would be marked with the letter "X",<ref name="dawn" /> or have dinosaur heads sketched on them.<ref name=":16" /> During the ''Gallimimus'' sequence, the ILM animators simply inserted a dinosaur wherever the actors happened to look.<ref name="empire" /> In order to provide audio cues and help the actors emote, Spielberg roared into a megaphone, attempting to mimic dinosaur vocalizations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buxton |first=Ryan |date=December 3, 2014 |title=Steven Spielberg's T-Rex Impression Stinks |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jurassic-park-steven-spielberg-dinosaur-impression_n_6262356 |access-date=October 7, 2025 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |language=en}}</ref> Cundey had difficulty in constructing shots with computer-generated dinosaurs, including framing the camera for creatures that had not yet been composited in, as well as creating the optimal lighting for CGI realism. He credited his prior experience working on ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' for helping him solve these problems.<ref name=":10" />

The CGI dinosaurs by ILM, based on Winston's designs,<ref name=BiggestMovie/> took nearly a year to complete.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jurassic-park-how-cgi-was-used-2014-11 |title=How 4 Minutes Of CGI Dinosaurs In 'Jurassic Park' Took A Year To Make |website=Business Insider |date=November 27, 2014}}</ref> Compositing the animals onto the live action scenes took around an hour. Rendering the dinosaurs often took two to four hours per frame, while the ''T. rex'' in the rain required six hours per frame.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://silicon-valley.siggraph.org/MeetingNotes/ILM.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011192636/http://silicon-valley.siggraph.org/MeetingNotes/ILM.html |archive-date=October 11, 2006 |title=Jurassic Park – The Illusion of Life |access-date=April 19, 2008 |author=Peterson, John |author2=Williams, Steve |author3=Letteri, Joe |year=1994 |work=Silicon Valley ACM Siggraph |page=1}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' has 52 CGI shots, with the end fight between the ''T. rex'' and raptors using all-CGI dinosaurs,<ref name="Earl doc"/><ref name="BiggestMovie" /> something that made Spielberg nervous until he saw the finished result.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=118–119}} The 127-minute film has 15 minutes of total screen time for the dinosaurs, including nine minutes of animatronics and six minutes of CGI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodges |first=Peter |date=June 8, 2023 |title=Jurassic Park at 30: how its CGI revolutionised the film industry |url=http://theconversation.com/jurassic-park-at-30-how-its-cgi-revolutionised-the-film-industry-204592 |access-date=September 9, 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park (1993) |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/67200-JURASSIC-PARK?sid=da284c4a-2077-45d0-9e56-bff373854890&sr=11.465292&cp=1&pos=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610130510/https://catalog.afi.com/Film/67200-JURASSIC-PARK?sid=da284c4a-2077-45d0-9e56-bff373854890&sr=11.465292&cp=1&pos=0 |archive-date=June 10, 2022 |access-date=June 10, 2022 |publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref>

====List====
{{see also|Rexy|Velociraptors in Jurassic Park{{!}}''Velociraptors'' in ''Jurassic Park''}}
[[File:StanWinstonTRex.jpg|upright=1.13|thumb|right|The life-sized animatronic ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/jurassic-park-t-rex-sculpting-a-full-size-dinosaur |title=Jurassic Park's T-Rex – Sculpting a Full-Size Dinosaur |date=December 15, 2012 |website=Stan Winston School of Character Arts |access-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015011757/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/jurassic-park-t-rex-sculpting-a-full-size-dinosaur |url-status=live}}</ref>|alt=A life-sized Tyrannosaurus robotic model, with hydraulics where the dinosaur's feet would be, touches a car in a movie set.]]
Various dinosaurs are featured throughout the film:
* ''[[Alamosaurus]]'' appears as a skeleton in the Jurassic Park visitor center.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/see-tyrannosaurus-take-a-bite-out-of-alamosaurus-41321171/ |title=See Tyrannosaurus Take a Bite out of Alamosaurus |last=Black |first=Riley |date=March 25, 2009 |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |access-date=June 6, 2021 |archive-date=June 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607065112/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/see-tyrannosaurus-take-a-bite-out-of-alamosaurus-41321171/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' is the first dinosaur the park's visitors see. It is inaccurately depicted as chewing its food and standing up on its hind legs to browse among the high tree branches.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} According to artist Andy Schoneberg, the chewing was done to make the animal seem docile, resembling a cow chewing its cud. The dinosaur's head and upper neck was the largest puppet without hydraulics built for the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/rehearsing-jurassic-park-brachiosaurus-puppet |title=Jurassic Park's Brachiosaurus Animatronic Puppet Rehearsal |website=Stan Winston School of Character Arts |date=January 23, 2013 |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106045630/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/rehearsing-jurassic-park-brachiosaurus-puppet |url-status=live}}</ref> The animal's large size led Winston's team to create a 1/19th-scale model as reference as opposed to the 1/5th-scale sculptures of the other dinosaurs.<ref name=asc/> While filming the scene in which the park visitors express shock when seeing the ''Brachiosaurus'' for the first time, a large X on a piece of paper was placed where the head of the ''Brachiosaurus'' would have been, as a line-of-sight reference and for the actors to react to.<ref name="dawn" /> Despite scientific evidence of ''Brachiosaurus'' having limited vocal capabilities, sound designer [[Gary Rydstrom]] decided to represent them with [[whale sound|whale songs]], [[cow]] noises, and [[donkey]] calls to give them a melodic sense of wonder. [[Penguin]]s were also recorded to be used in the noises of the dinosaurs.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} A combination of a [[fire hydrant]] and the [[Blowhole (anatomy)|blowhole]] of a [[whale]] were used to create the sound of the ''Brachiosaurus'' sneezing.<ref name="vult" />
* ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'' is also very different from its real-life counterpart, made significantly smaller to ensure audiences did not confuse it with the raptors.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=36}} Its [[neck frill]] and its ability to spit venom are fictitious. Its vocal sounds were initially made of pleasant [[swan]] vocalizations as well as sounds of a [[dog]] and a baby [[ostrich]], with sounds of a [[hawk]], a [[howler monkey]], an [[egret]], and a [[rattlesnake]] incorporated once the ''Dilophosaurus'' reveals its neck frill.<ref name="Earl doc" /><ref name="vult" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRj0vKruPv8 |title=Jurassic Park – Dinosaur Sounds with Gary Rydstrom |date=June 24, 2023 |publisher=Jurassic World |access-date=October 15, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=67 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> The animatronic model, nicknamed "Spitter" by Winston's team, was animated by the puppeteers sitting on a trench in the set floor, using a [[paintball]] mechanism to spit the mixture of [[methyl cellulose]] and [[K-Y Jelly]] that served as venom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/making-jurassic-park-dilophosaurus-aka-spitter |title=Jurassic Park's Spitter – Building the animatronic Dilophosaurus dinosaur puppet |website=Stan Winston School of Character Arts |date=April 5, 2013 |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106045329/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/making-jurassic-park-dilophosaurus-aka-spitter |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Gallimimus]]'' are featured in a stampede scene in which the ''Tyrannosaurus'' eats one of them. The ''Gallimimus'' was the first dinosaur to be digitized, featured in two ILM tests, initially as a herd of skeletons and then fully skinned while pursued by the ''T. rex''.<ref name="Earl doc" /> Its design was based on [[ostrich]]es, and to emphasize the birdlike qualities, the animation focused mostly on the herd rather than individual animals.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=135}} As reference for the dinosaurs' run, the animators were filmed running at the ILM parking lot, with plastic pipes standing in as a fallen tree that the ''Gallimimus'' jump over. One of the animators fell over while attempting the jump, which inspired the decision to have one of the ''Gallimimus'' fall as well.<ref name="back">{{cite web |last=Failes |first=Ian |date=April 4, 2013 |title=Welcome (back) to Jurassic Park |url=http://www.fxguide.com/featured/welcome-back-to-jurassic-park/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209073515/http://www.fxguide.com/featured/welcome-back-to-jurassic-park/ |archive-date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=January 5, 2014 |website=[[Fxguide]]}}</ref> Horse squeals became the ''Gallimimus''{{'}}s sounds.<ref name=vult>{{cite news |url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/how-the-dino-sounds-in-jurassic-park-were-made.html |date=September 4, 2013 |title=You'll Never Guess How the Dinosaur Sounds in Jurassic Park Were Made |work=[[New York (magazine)|Vulture]] |first=Kyle |last=Buchanan |access-date=January 15, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116114627/http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/how-the-dino-sounds-in-jurassic-park-were-made.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Parasaurolophus]]'' appear in the background during the first encounter with the ''Brachiosaurus''.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfSnkQ4VO24C&pg=PA45 |title=Jurassic Park |journal=[[Popular Science]] |date=November 1996 |author=Nelson, Ray |access-date=February 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913025918/https://books.google.com/books?id=OfSnkQ4VO24C&pg=PA45 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Triceratops]]'' has an extended cameo, depicted as sick from eating a toxic plant. Spielberg had initially intended to shoot scenes involving the ''Triceratops'', as well as the other animatronics, in Los Angeles towards the end of the shooting schedule, but unexpectedly changed his mind, causing a logistical nightmare for Winston, who suddenly had only four months to build the animatronic.{{Sfn|Duncan|2006|p=172–173}}{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=83}} The model, operated by eight puppeteers on Kaua{{okina}}i, was the first dinosaur model filmed during production,<ref name=dawn/> and was the only one brought to Hawaii for filming.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=59}} Winston also created a baby ''Triceratops'' for Richards to ride, a scene cut from the script due to pacing and tonal issues.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=64}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=63 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> The ''Triceratops'' vocals were primarily constructed from the sound of the cows near [[Skywalker Ranch]], and Rydstrom recorded himself breathing into a cardboard tube to create the sound of the sick dinosaur's breathing.<ref name=vult />
* The ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' (an individual sometimes referred to as "[[Rexy]]") was partly represented by a life-sized animatronic, which stood {{convert|20|ft|m|disp=}}, weighed {{convert|9000|lb|kg}}, and was {{convert|40|ft|m|disp=}} long.<ref name=JP2/><ref name="magic">{{cite magazine |author=[[Richard Corliss|Corliss, Richard]] |title=Behind the Magic of Jurassic Park |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=April 26, 1993 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978307,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930102341/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978307,00.html |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |access-date=January 26, 2007}}</ref> It was the largest creature made by Winston's studio up to that point.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=104}} Horner called it "the closest I've ever been to a live dinosaur".<ref name="magic" /> While the consulting paleontologists did not agree on the dinosaur's movement, particularly its running capabilities, animator [[Steve Williams (animator)|Steve Williams]] decided to "throw physics out the window and create a ''T. rex'' that moved at sixty miles per hour even though its hollow bones would have busted if it ran that fast".{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=217}} The major reason was the ''T. rex'' chasing a Jeep, a scene that took two months to finish.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} The dinosaur is depicted with a vision system based on movement, though later studies indicate the ''T. rex'' had [[binocular vision]] comparable to a [[bird of prey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sight+for+'saur+eyes%3A+T.+rex+vision+was+among+nature's+best.-a0148185715 |title=Sight for 'saur eyes: T. rex vision was among nature's best. |work=[[Science News]] |author=Jaffe, Eric |date=June 28, 2006 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |archive-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214151518/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sight+for+%27saur+eyes%3A+T.+rex+vision+was+among+nature%27s+best.-a0148185715 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its roar is a baby [[elephant]]'s squeal combined with [[alligator]] and [[crocodile]] noises as well as a [[tiger]]'s snarl and a [[lion]]'s roar,<ref>{{cite web |last=Shields |first=Meg |date=December 16, 2020 |title=How They Designed The T-Rex Roar in 'Jurassic Park' |url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/how-they-designed-the-jurassic-park-t-rex-roar/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217023239/https://filmschoolrejects.com/how-they-designed-the-jurassic-park-t-rex-roar/ |archive-date=December 17, 2020 |website=[[Film School Rejects]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/jurassic-park-t-rex-roar-creation/|title=How Jurassic Park Created the T-Rex Roar|website=CBR.com|date=May 5, 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} its grunts those of a male [[koala]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-12 |title=Why does Hollywood get animals so wrong? And why does it often involve a kookaburra? |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-03-13/koala-roar-jurassic-park-hollywood-sound-effects-animals/100875044 |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318225252/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-03-13/koala-roar-jurassic-park-hollywood-sound-effects-animals/100875044 |url-status=live}}</ref> and its breath a [[whale]]'s blow.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} A dog attacking a rope toy was used for the sounds of the ''T. rex'' tearing a ''Gallimimus'' apart,<ref name="Earl doc" /> while cut [[Sequoioideae|redwoods]] crashing to the ground became the sound of its footsteps.<ref name=pre/> 
* ''[[Velociraptor]]'' plays a major role in the film. [[Velociraptors in Jurassic Park|The creature's depiction]] is not based on the actual dinosaur genus, which was significantly smaller. Crichton instead based his version on ''[[Deinonychus]]'', which his research had indicated to be a ''Velociraptor'' relative.<ref>{{cite web |last=Black |first=Riley |title=You say "Velociraptor", I say "Deinonychus" |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/you-say-velociraptor-i-say-deinonychus-33789870/ |website=Smithsonian |access-date=February 8, 2025 |date=November 7, 2008}}</ref> He kept the ''Velociraptor'' name as he thought it sounded more dramatic.<ref>{{cite news |last=Musante |first=Fred |title=Lessons for the Future in Ancient Bones |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/nyregion/lessons-for-the-future-in-ancient-bones.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 29, 1997 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020810/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/nyregion/lessons-for-the-future-in-ancient-bones.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly before ''Jurassic Park''{{'}}s release,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-do-we-really-know-about-utahraptor-95334335/ |title=What Do We Really Know About Utahraptor? &#124; Dinosaur Tracking |doi=10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852 |newspaper=Smithsonian Magazine |s2cid=220414868 |access-date=January 24, 2013 |date=August 22, 2001 |volume=21 |issue=sup003 |pages=1–117 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110184328/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-do-we-really-know-about-utahraptor-95334335/ |url-status=live |issn = 0272-4634 }}</ref> the similar ''[[Utahraptor]]'' was discovered, although it proved even bigger than the film's raptors. This prompted Winston to joke, "After we created it, they discovered it".<ref name="magic" /> For the attack on Muldoon and parts of the kitchen sequence, the raptors were [[Suitmation|played by men in suits]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=113–114}} Other methods would also be used to portray the dinosaurs, including on-set puppets.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Ultimate Guide to Jurassic Park |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VK9lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time Home Entertainment |date=June 15, 2018 |pages=66 |isbn=9781547843688 |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201183745/https://books.google.com/books?id=VK9lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |url-status=live }}</ref> During a take on the kitchen set, one of the raptors slammed into Mazzello, who sustained a minor head injury from its hand claw.<ref name=":16" /> [[Dolphin]] screams, [[walrus]]es bellowing,<ref name="Earl doc" /> [[geese]] hissing, [[Grey crowned crane|an African crane]]'s [[mating call]], [[tortoise]]s mating, and a human rasp were mixed to formulate various raptor sounds.<ref name="vult" /><ref name=":0" />{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} The human rasp used for the ''Velociraptor'' is the only human voice that was used to make dinosaur vocalizations. The sound of the baby dinosaur was created by recording various baby animals, in order to make the dinosaur sound cute; after it is revealed that the dinosaur is a ''Velociraptor'', raspy sounds of a baby owl are incorporated, in order to make the baby ''Velociraptor'' sound unsettling.<ref name="vult" /> Following discoveries made after the film's release, most paleontologists theorize that [[dromaeosaur]]s like ''Velociraptor'' and ''[[Deinonychus]]'' were [[Feathered dinosaur|covered with feathers]] like modern birds. This feature is included in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' for the male raptors, which have a row of small quills on their heads.<ref>{{cite book |author=G. S. Paul |date=2002 |title=Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds |location=Baltimore |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]}}</ref>

===Post-production===
[[Film editing|Editing]] had already started during filming, and within days of wrapping, Kahn had a [[rough cut]] ready, allowing Spielberg to start filming ''[[Schindler's List]]''.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=123, 126}} During this time, Spielberg left Kennedy in charge of the day-to-day [[post-production]] responsibilities on ''Jurassic Park''.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=121–123}} He was sent effects shots through [[Communications satellite|satellite]] and encrypted [[fiber-optic cable]], through which he monitored the progress while filming in Poland.{{Sfn|Vaz|Duignan|1996|p=228}} Four times a week, he and Kahn, who was also in Poland for ''Schindler's List'', had teleconferences with Kennedy and ILM's crew.<ref name=next/><ref name=":19">{{Cite magazine |last=French |first=Lawrence |date=August 1993 |title=Jurassic Park: Dennis Muren |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]] |page=28 |volume=24 |issue=2 |doi= |issn=0145-6032}}</ref> Spielberg estimated that 40 percent of the post-production process was done through this long-distance arrangement.<ref name=BiggestMovie/> He said working simultaneously on two vastly different productions was "a bipolar experience", where he used "every ounce of intuition on ''Schindler's List'' and every ounce of craft on ''Jurassic Park''".<ref name=next/>

Along with the digital effects, Spielberg wanted the film to be the first with digital sound. He funded the creation of [[DTS (sound system)|DTS]] (Digital Theater Systems) to allow audiences to "really hear the movie the way it was intended to be heard".<ref name=next>"Return to Jurassic Park: The Next Step in Evolution", ''Jurassic Park'' Blu-ray (2011)</ref> Rather than the audio track being directly contained on the [[35 mm movie film|35mm film]], the film's audio was played onto a [[CD-ROM]] disc, with a backup analog soundtrack in case of problems.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Britton |first=Peter |date=November 1993 |title=The WOW Factor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3oRpYBVRP7wC&q=6.5+minutes&pg=PA88 |journal=[[Popular Science]] |page=90}}</ref> The sound effects crew was supervised by Spielberg's friend and ILM founder [[George Lucas]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=123}} Spielberg flew on weekends from Poland to Paris, where he met with sound designer [[Gary Rydstrom]] for updates.<ref name="next" /> Rydstrom initially asked scientists what dinosaurs had sounded like, but paleontologists had not yet determined the answer to his question, so he began from scratch. He chose to use only organic sounds for dinosaur vocalizations, and built a library of animal sounds to draw from, all of which were recorded for the film, with no [[Stock sound effect|stock sound effects]].<ref name="Earl doc" /><ref name=":22" /> Rydstrom considered the sound process fun, given the film had all kinds of noise—animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes—and at times no music.<ref name="vult" /><ref name=next/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/04/13/177153801/jurassic-bark-how-sound-design-changed-our-imaginations |title=Jurassic Bark: How Sound Design Changed Our Imaginations |website=NPR |date=April 13, 2013}}</ref> The process was finished by the end of April 1993.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}}

In addition to the CGI dinosaurs, ILM also created elements such as water splashing, digital humans, cars, and, for the first time ever in a film, [[digital face replacement]].<ref name="Earl doc" /><ref name=":24" /><ref name=":2" /> In total, a small team of six animators and 40 artists in the computer graphics department at ILM worked on the film.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tangcay |first=Jazz |title=Industrial Light & Magic's Top Five Greatest Creations From T-Rex to Digital Yoda |url=https://variety.com/2025/artisans/news/ilms-top-five-greatest-creations-from-t-rex-digital-yoda-1236494052/ |website=Variety |access-date=August 20, 2025 |date=August 20, 2025}}</ref> The technology for the effects dramatically improved through the course of production, as shots that ILM initially believed to be impossible became achievable by the end of production.<ref name="next" /> This particularly impacted the climax, which was the last CGI sequence to be planned out because of Spielberg's last-minute decision to change it. Tippett played a major role in arranging the choreography of the fight, including camera angles and the dinosaur behavior. ILM used harder, more complex shots in the finale than anywhere else in the film, including tight close-ups on the CGI ''T. rex'', which required more detailed [[Texture mapping|texture maps]] than all the other shots in the film. Muren pushed to shoot the climax as though it was a real animal fight, with a [[wide-angle lens]] and slightly delayed camera movements to emphasize the dinosaurs' spontaneity.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Duncan |first=Jody |date=August 1993 |title=The Beauty in the Beasts |magazine=[[Cinefex]] |page=95 |issue=55 |issn=0198-1056}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' was completed on May 28, 1993, after ILM concluded its CGI work.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=138, 147}}

==Music==
{{Main|Jurassic Park (film score){{!}}''Jurassic Park'' (film score)}}

[[John Williams]], a frequent composer of Spielberg's films,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=59}} began scoring ''Jurassic Park'' at the end of February 1993, and it was recorded a month later. [[Alexander Courage]] and John Neufeld provided the score's [[orchestrations]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} As with the 1977 Spielberg film ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', Williams wrote themes designed to evoke a sense of wonder, attempting to imbue audiences with the feeling of "admiration and respect" that small children have when viewing dinosaur exhibits at a natural history museum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=February 17, 2023 |title=Steven Spielberg & John Williams Talk 50 Years Of Music And Movies From ‘Sugarland Express’ To ‘Fabelmans’ – Exclusive Video |url=https://deadline.com/video/steven-spielberg-john-williams-movies-interview-hollywood/ |access-date=December 21, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> More suspenseful scenes such as the ''Tyrannosaurus'' attack required frightening themes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=8186 |title=The Making of Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park |date=February 20, 2012 |author=Siegel, Robert |publisher=Blu-Ray.com |access-date=August 16, 2013 |archive-date=April 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409204533/http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=8186 |url-status=live}}</ref> Williams's recording session was on March 30, 1993, well into post-production, which meant that Spielberg was unable to sit in on the recording for the first time in all of their collaborations, as he was occupied filming ''Schindler's List'' in Poland. Instead, Williams previewed his scores on a piano for Spielberg to listen to before he left, and Spielberg was sent the full music in [[Cassette tape|audio cassette]] form as it was finished.<ref name="next" /><ref name=":26" /> The [[Jurassic Park (film score)|first soundtrack album]] was released on May 25, 1993.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |website=AllMusic |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/jurassic-park-mw0000097115 |access-date=March 29, 2007 |archive-date=June 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608212733/http://www.allmusic.com/album/jurassic-park-mw0000097115 |url-status=live}}</ref> For the 20th anniversary of the film's release, a new soundtrack was issued for [[Music download|digital download]] on April 9, 2013, including four bonus tracks selected by Williams.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://musicconnection.com/remastered-jurassic-park-soundtrack-includes-4-unreleased-john-williams-tracks/ |title=Remastered Jurassic Park Soundtrack Includes 4 Unreleased John Williams Tracks |publisher=[[Universal Music Enterprises]] |date=March 26, 2013 |access-date=January 6, 2013 |archive-date=April 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405011215/http://musicconnection.com/remastered-jurassic-park-soundtrack-includes-4-unreleased-john-williams-tracks/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Marketing==
[[File: Tyrannosaurus skeletal diagram.jpg|thumb|1917 skeletal diagram of ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' published by [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]], which was the basis of the novel's cover, and subsequently the logo of the films.<ref name="Logo">{{cite web |last=Caron |first=C. |title=The Hidden History of the ''Jurassic Park'' Logo |url=https://www.tiff.net/the-review/the-hidden-history-of-the-jurassic-park-logo/ |website=TIFF |access-date=June 24, 2018 |language=en |date=June 20, 2018 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802185240/https://www.tiff.net/the-review/the-hidden-history-of-the-jurassic-park-logo/ |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Universal took the lengthy pre-production period to carefully plan the ''Jurassic Park'' marketing campaign.{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=219}} It cost $65&nbsp;million and included deals with 100 companies to market 1,000 products.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Broeske |first=Pat H. |date=March 12, 1993 |title=Promoting 'Jurassic Park' |url=https://ew.com/article/1993/03/12/promoting-jurassic-park/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415213411/http://www.ew.com/article/1993/03/12/promoting-jurassic-park |archive-date=April 15, 2015 |access-date=February 17, 2007 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |title=Selling 'Jurassic': The Film And Toys |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/14/movies/selling-jurassic-the-film-and-toys.html |access-date=February 14, 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=June 14, 1993}}</ref> These included [[Jurassic Park video games|several ''Jurassic Park'' video games]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stuart |first=Keith |date=November 23, 2023 |title=Jurassic Park Classic Games Collection review – a great way to relive a lost world of gaming |url=https://www.theguardian.com/games/2023/nov/23/jurassic-park-classic-games-collection-review-a-great-way-to-relive-a-lost-world-of-gaming |access-date=September 8, 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> a toy line by [[Kenner]] distributed by [[Hasbro]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Hollywood in the Information Age: Beyond the Silver Screen |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodininfor00wask/page/205 205] |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-292-79094-0 |author=Wasko, Janet |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodininfor00wask |url-access=registration |access-date=March 12, 2007}}</ref> [[McDonald's]] "[[Happy Meal|Dino-Sized meals]]",{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=219}} and a [[novelization]] for young children.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Gail |last1=Herman |first2=Michael|last2=Crichton|author2-link=Michael Crichton |first3=David |last3=Koepp |title=Jurassic Park |publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]] |year=1993 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jurassicparkjuni00herm/page/88 88] |isbn=0-448-40172-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/jurassicparkjuni00herm/page/88}}</ref> Universal spent about $20&nbsp;million on television advertising, while an estimated $65&nbsp;million was spent on television advertising for ''Jurassic Park'' tie-in products.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 1993 |title='Jurassic Park' is Evidence Marketing far from Extinct |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/06/11/jurassic-park-is-evidence-marketing-far-from-extinct/ |access-date=November 13, 2025 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

Much care was put into creating a logo that would serve to equally represent the fictional park and promote the movie and its tie-in products. Universal creative director Tom Martin teamed up with the design firm of Mike Salisbury, and out of 100 designs came one created by [[Sandy Collora]], one of Winston's employees. The design took the ''T. rex'' skeleton drawn by [[Chip Kidd]] for the book's cover, put it into a circle, and added a rectangle with the title to create a badge-like structure. A jungle silhouette was added underneath for scale, and a [[Neuland]] typeface was used on the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grapheine.com/en/logo-news/the-story-of-the-big-bad-jurassic-park-logosaurus|title=The story of the big bad Jurassic Park logosaurus|date=27 November 2019|publisher=Grapheine|accessdate=January 31, 2025}}</ref>{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=37}} [[John Alvin]] was hired to design the film's poster; he went through many revisions,<ref>{{cite web |last=Sciretta |first=Peter |title=Unused 'Jurassic Park' Posters Designed By John Alvin |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/unused-jurassic-park-posters-john-alvin |website=/Film |access-date=February 20, 2025 |date=August 7, 2014}}</ref> with the final design simply using the film's ''T. rex'' logo.<ref name=Logo/>

Neill recalled that the film was essentially marketed by Universal with the idea that the studio "could make huge blockbusters without 'movie stars", stating, "This was true enough, but I think it slightly irked us, the actors, to be reminded from time to time we were not real 'stars.'"<ref>{{cite web |last=Falcone |first=Dana Rose |title=Sam Neill Recalls How 'Jurassic Park' Cast 'Came Very Close' to Dying When Hurricane Hit Set |url=https://people.com/movies/sam-neill-recalls-jurassic-cast-came-very-close-to-dying-hurricane/ |website=People |access-date=February 14, 2025 |date=March 24, 2023}}</ref> Universal would instead tease the film's dinosaurs as the primary attraction.<ref name=Brew>{{cite web |last=Brew |first=Simon |title=Jurassic Park vs Last Action Hero: The Marketing Battle |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/jurassic-park-vs-last-action-hero-the-marketing-battle/ |website=Den of Geek |access-date=February 14, 2025 |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref> A [[teaser trailer]] was released in December 1992, in which a mine worker discovers a piece of amber that would be used by the theme park. A full trailer debuted shortly thereafter, providing only a fleeting glimpse of the dinosaurs,<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Sauter, Michael |title=Trailer Park |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 1993 |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306780,00.html |access-date=February 17, 2007 |archive-date=May 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516155143/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306780,00.html }}</ref>{{sfn|Mottram|2021|p=124}} a tactic described by journalist Josh Horowitz, in 2007, as "that old Spielberg axiom of never revealing too much".<ref>{{cite news |author=Horowitz, Josh |title=Michael Bay Divulges 'Transformers' Details – And Word Of 'Bad Boys III' |publisher=MTV |date=February 15, 2007 |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1552462/20070214/story.jhtml |access-date=February 15, 2007 |archive-date=February 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217074544/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1552462/20070214/story.jhtml |url-status=dead}}</ref> Due to a ruling by the [[British Board of Film Classification]], the film's marketing in the United Kingdom was required to include a warning about disturbing content. This was only the second film to have such a content warning, after Spielberg's ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lister |first=David |date=June 21, 1993 |title='Jurassic Park' given PG rating: Censors warn parents of 'disturbing |url=https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/jurassic-park-given-pg-rating-censors-warn-parents-of-disturbing-scenes-1493077.html |access-date=November 10, 2025 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was marketed with the [[tagline]] "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick.<ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qfUBKz9Uhw |title=Steven Spielberg directs Jurassic Park |publisher=[[Universal Pictures]] |year=2001 |location=''Jurassic Park'' DVD}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' was heavily marketed against its primary competitor, ''[[Last Action Hero]]'', which ultimately struggled at the box office and with critics.<ref name=Brew/>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
''Jurassic Park'' [[premiere]]d at the [[Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Uptown Theater]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] on June 9, 1993,<ref>{{cite news |title=Three Big Movies at the Uptown Theater |publisher=Ghosts of DC |date=August 14, 2012 |url=http://ghostsofdc.org/2012/08/14/uptown-theater-cleveland-park/ |access-date=August 14, 2012 |archive-date=August 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817014406/http://ghostsofdc.org/2012/08/14/uptown-theater-cleveland-park/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Beltway Barbra |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=May 21, 1993 |url=https://ew.com/article/1993/05/21/barbra-streisand-visits-capital/ |access-date=February 17, 2007 |first=Lissa |last=August |archive-date=April 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416003356/http://www.ew.com/article/1993/05/21/barbra-streisand-visits-capital |url-status=live}}</ref> in support of two children's charities.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Stars Rain Down On Washington |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 11, 1993 |url=https://ew.com/article/1993/06/11/stars-rain-down-washington/ |access-date=February 17, 2007 |archive-date=July 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726135428/http://www.ew.com/article/1993/06/11/stars-rain-down-washington |url-status=live}}</ref> The film had previews on 1,412 screens starting at 9:30&nbsp;pm [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]] on Thursday, June 10, and officially opened on Friday in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 21, 1993|page=3|last=Klady|first=Leonard|title=Dinosaurs fone home}}</ref><ref name=opening>{{cite news |title=Weekend Box Office: Universal's Monster Smash |date=June 15, 1993 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-15-ca-3201-story.html |access-date=February 17, 2007 |first=David J. |last=Fox |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224728/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-15-ca-3201-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=224}} Following the film's release, a traveling exhibition called "The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dino Dominion |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=October 31, 1995 |last=Klein |first=Julia M. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69179878/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ |access-date=February 2, 2021 |pages=C1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69180106/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ C7] |via=Newspapers.com |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224803/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69179878/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film began its international release on June 25, in Brazil before further openings in South America and then rolling out around most of the rest of the world from July 16 until October.<ref name=bil>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|last=Klady|first=Leonard|date=October 4, 1993|page=11|title=Billion-Dollar dinos' merchandising mania}}</ref> The United Kingdom premiere helped save the Lyric Theatre in [[Carmarthen]], [[Wales]] from closure, an event chronicled in the 2022 film ''[[Save the Cinema]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Scoutfield, Aled |title=Save the Cinema: How Jurassic Park helped Carmarthen theatre |publisher=BBC News |date=January 14, 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-59940146 |access-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113232335/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-59940146 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Re-releases====
In anticipation of the film's [[Blu-ray]] release, ''Jurassic Park'' had a [[Digital cinema|digital print]] released in UK cinemas on September 23, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park Is Back on the Big Screen |date=August 26, 2011 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |author=White, James |url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=31877 |access-date=August 31, 2011 |archive-date=August 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830113301/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=31877 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Jurassic Park 3D Poster 2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Poster for the 2013 3D re-release]]
Two years later, for the 20th anniversary of ''Jurassic Park,'' a [[3D film|3D version]] of the film was released in cinemas.<ref name=usa>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/04/03/jurassic-park-3d/1996081/ |title=20 years later, 'Jurassic Park' reopens in 3-D |first=Bryan |last=Alexander |work=[[USA Today]] |date=April 3, 2013 |access-date=August 16, 2013 |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228144330/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/04/03/jurassic-park-3d/1996081/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Spielberg declared that he had produced the film with a sort of "subconscious 3D", as scenes feature animals walking toward the cameras and some effects of foreground and background overlay.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2013 |title=Steven Spielberg on 'Jurassic Park in 3D' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/videos/life/movies/2013/04/03/2049985/ |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2011, he stated that ''Jurassic Park'' was the only one of his works he had considered for a conversion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Tara |date=December 18, 2011 |title=Spielberg considering 3D 'Jurassic Park' |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a356607/steven-spielberg-considering-converting-jurassic-park-to-3d/ |access-date=September 16, 2025 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Once he saw the 3D version of the 1997 film ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' in 2012, he liked the new look of the film so much that he hired the same retrofitting company, Stereo D.<ref name=":4" /> Stereo D executive Aaron Parry said the conversion was an evolution of what the company had done with ''Titanic'', "being able to capitalize on everything we learned with [[James Cameron|Jim]] [James Cameron] on ''Titanic'' and take it into a different genre and movie, and one with so many technical achievements". The studio had the help of ILM, which contributed some elements and updated effects shots for a better visual enhancement.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Debra |date=April 18, 2013 |title=Jurassic Park 3D: A New Dimension for a Modern Classic |url=http://library.creativecow.net/kaufman_debra/Jurassic-Park-3D-Conversion/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623224127/http://library.creativecow.net/kaufman_debra/Jurassic-Park-3D-Conversion/1 |archive-date=June 23, 2013 |access-date=July 29, 2011 |work=[[Creative COW]] Magazine}}</ref> It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giardina |first=Carolyn |date=April 12, 2013 |title='Jurassic Park' Director of Photography Praises Film's '3D Potential' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jurassic-park-director-photography-praises-437920/ |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3667&p=.htm |title=Around-the-World: 'G.I. Joe' Nears Predecessor, 'Croods' Passes $200M |last=Subers |first=Ray |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |date=April 9, 2013 |access-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103074041/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3667&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the film was re-released in select theaters to celebrate its 25th anniversary.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Holub |first=Christian |date=August 16, 2018 |title=Jurassic Park returning to theaters for 25th anniversary in September |url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/08/16/jurassic-park-returning-theaters-september-25th-anniversary/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> On August 25, 2023, the 3D version of the film was re-released in theaters to celebrate its 30th anniversary.<ref>{{cite news |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=August 11, 2023 |title='Jurassic Park' 30th Anniversary Re-Release Scheduled This Month From RealD & Universal |url=https://deadline.com/2023/08/jurassic-park-rerelease-reald-1235460445/ |access-date=August 28, 2023 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
''Jurassic Park'' was first officially released on [[VHS]] by [[CIC Video]] on October 3, 1994, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it had an exclusive seven-week rental window before going on sale on November 21.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|page=31|date=10 June 1994|title=Jurassic spark to light up UK rental}}</ref> In the rest of the world, it was officially released on VHS and [[LaserDisc]] on October 4, 1994 (by [[Universal Pictures Home Entertainment|MCA/Universal Home Video]] in the United States).<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sandler |first=Adam |date=March 22, 1994 |title='Jurassic' rumbles to vid in October |url=https://variety.com/1994/digital/news/jurassic-rumbles-to-vid-in-october-119411/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111153448/http://variety.com/1994/digital/news/jurassic-rumbles-to-vid-in-october-119411/ |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |access-date=January 27, 2007 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Despite the official release date, most US retailers decided not to wait that long and were selling it by 1 October.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=October 15, 1994|page=5|title='Jurassic' Sparks Dino-Sized Controversy|last1=Goldstein|first1=Seth|last2=Fitzpatrick|first2=Eileen|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/90s/1994/BB-1994-10-15-P.pdf|access-date=September 7, 2024}}</ref> The film's home video release was accompanied by a $65&nbsp;million advertising campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kronke |first=David |date=September 18, 1994 |title=Private Lives : Video : Will 'Jurassic' Rule the Earth? : Spielberg's ravenous dinosaurs aren't done yet: There'll be no escaping the video's $65-million push. But can it top 'Aladdin'? |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-18-ca-39977-story.html |access-date=November 13, 2025 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> With 24 million units sold, ''Jurassic Park'' is the fourth-best-selling VHS tape ever.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1997 |title=Home Video's Greatest Hits: Top 10 Selling Videos of All Time |url=https://archive.org/details/wallstreetjourna00wall_2/page/914 |journal=[[The Wall Street Journal|The Wall Street Journal Almanac 1998]] |location=New York City |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |page=914 |url-access=registration |quote=Source: Paul Kagan Associates Inc. |editor-last1=Alsop |editor-first1=Ronald J.}}</ref> A [[THX]] certified [[Widescreen]] VHS was released on September 9, 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpdatabase.net/jurassic-park/dvd-video-release/|title=Jurassic Park db » DVD / Video release|access-date=March 24, 2022|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414195633/https://www.jpdatabase.net/jurassic-park/dvd-video-release/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was also first released as a Collector's Edition [[DVD]] and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and [[Fullscreen (filmmaking)|Full Screen]] (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' and both movies' soundtrack albums.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=U Home Video preps 'Jurrassic' DVD launch |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2000/digital/features/u-home-video-preps-jurrassic-dvd-launch-1117782601/ |author=Hettrick, Scott |date=June 14, 2000 |access-date=March 6, 2007 |archive-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105082019/http://variety.com/2000/digital/features/u-home-video-preps-jurrassic-dvd-launch-1117782601/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/000613/ca_univers_2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000829095853/http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/000613/ca_univers_2.html |title=Universal Studios Home Video Announces First Time DVD Releases Of Jurassic Park and The Lost World |website=[[PR Newswire]] |publisher=[[Cision]] |via=[[Yahoo! Finance|Yahoo.com]] |archive-date=August 29, 2000 |date=June 13, 2000 |access-date=June 18, 2019}}</ref> It was the 13th-best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both versions, finishing the year with 910,000 units sold.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Year End 2000 Top DVD sellers |url=https://variety.com/2000/biz/news/year-end-2000-top-dvd-sellers-628130/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=December 30, 2000 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |archive-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222341/https://variety.com/2000/biz/news/year-end-2000-top-dvd-sellers-628130/ }}</ref> Following the release of ''Jurassic Park III'', a new box set with all the films called ''Jurassic Park Trilogy'' was released on December 11, 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park Trilogy |url=http://www.ign.com/movies/jurassic-park-ultimate-trilogy/dvd-791439 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221204847/http://uk.dvd.ign.com/objects/791/791439.html |archive-date=February 21, 2009 |access-date=March 6, 2007 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> It was repackaged as ''Jurassic Park Adventure Pack'' on November 29, 2005.<ref>{{cite web |author=IGN DVD |title=Jurassic Park Adventure Pack |website=IGN |date=November 17, 2005 |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/18/jurassic-park-adventure-pack |access-date=March 6, 2007 |archive-date=June 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603114220/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/18/jurassic-park-adventure-pack |url-status=live}}</ref>

The trilogy was released on [[Blu-ray]] on October 25, 2011,<ref>{{cite web |author=Chitwood, Adam |title=JURASSIC PARK Trilogy Hits Blu-ray October 25th, Trailer Released |website=Collider |date=June 27, 2011 |url=https://collider.com/jurassic-park-trilogy-blu-ray-trailer/ |access-date=July 29, 2011 |archive-date=July 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110731015658/http://collider.com/jurassic-park-trilogy-blu-ray-trailer/98999 |url-status=live}}</ref> debuting at number five on the Blu-ray charts,<ref>{{cite news |author=Arnold, Thomas K. |title='Captain America' Overtakes 'Pirates of the Caribbean' for No.{{nbsp}}1 on DVD Charts |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 2, 2011 |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/captain-america-pirates-of-the-caribbean-dvd-charts-256790 |access-date=July 29, 2013 |archive-date=March 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312202342/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/captain-america-pirates-of-the-caribbean-dvd-charts-256790 |url-status=live}}</ref> and was nominated as the best release of the year by both the Las Vegas Film Critics Society and the [[Saturn Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/the-artist-winding-refn-win-at-las-vegas-critics-awards |title="The Artist", Winding Refn Win at Las Vegas Critics Awards |author=Knegt, Peter |access-date=March 25, 2012 |work=[[IndieWire]] |date=December 13, 2011 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229003234/http://www.indiewire.com/article/the-artist-winding-refn-win-at-las-vegas-critics-awards |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120717002800/http://www.saturnawards.org/nominations.html "The 38th Saturn Award Nominations"]. ''[[Saturn Awards]]''. July 17, 2012. Archived from [http://www.saturnawards.org/nominations.html the original] on July 17, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2025.</ref> In 2012, ''Jurassic Park'' was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio's 100th anniversary,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/universal-100-anniversary-blu-ray-collection/ |title=Universal Announces Fantastic 25-Film 100th Anniversary Blu-ray Collection |first=Adam |last=Chitwood |work=Collider |date=February 29, 2012 |access-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-date=December 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221094249/http://collider.com/universal-100-anniversary-blu-ray-collection/ |url-status=live}}</ref> while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an [[augmented reality]] cover.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/universalsonypictures-se/pressreleases/universal-pictures-partner-with-aurasma-to-celebrate-100th-anniversary-watch-the-movies-come-to-life-in-a-brand-new-way-814255 |title=Universal Pictures partner with Aurasma to celebrate 100th Anniversary: Watch the movies come to life in a brand new way |publisher=[[Aurasma]] |date=November 20, 2012 |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107020349/http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/universalsonypictures-se/pressreleases/universal-pictures-partner-with-aurasma-to-celebrate-100th-anniversary-watch-the-movies-come-to-life-in-a-brand-new-way-814255 |url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/01/27/jurassic-park-3d-blu-ray/ |title=Jurassic Park 3D Blu-ray comes home April 23rd after its one-week theatrical return |work=[[Engadget]] |author=Lawler, Richard |date=January 27, 2013 |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040220/http://www.engadget.com/2013/01/27/jurassic-park-3d-blu-ray/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The film, alongside ''The Lost World'', ''Jurassic Park III'' and ''Jurassic World'', was released as part of a [[Ultra HD Blu-ray|4K Ultra HD]] Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film's 25th anniversary.<ref>{{Citation |title=Jurassic Park Collection 4K Blu-ray |url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Jurassic-Park-Collection-4K-Blu-ray/200257/ |access-date=March 18, 2018 |archive-date=March 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319084809/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Jurassic-Park-Collection-4K-Blu-ray/200257/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Television premiere====
''Jurassic Park'' was broadcast on television for the first time on [[NBC]] on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of ''The Making of Jurassic Park''.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Mink |title='Making of Jurassic Park' Really Dino-mite |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1995/04/25/1995-04-25__making_of_jurassic_park__re.html |work=[[New York Daily News|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=April 25, 1995 |access-date=February 26, 2013}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Some 68.12&nbsp;million people tuned in, garnering NBC a 36 percent share of all available viewers that night. ''Jurassic Park'' was the [[Nielsen ratings|highest-rated]] theatrical film broadcast on television by any network compared to theatrical film ratings since April 1987.<ref name="Huff">{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Huff |title=Ratings: 'Jurassic' Parks NBC Right At the Top of the Nielsens |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1995/05/10/1995-05-10_ratings___jurassic__parks_nb.html |work=New York Daily News |date=May 10, 1995 |access-date=February 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815104644/http://articles.nydailynews.com/1995-05-10/entertainment/17971514_1_highest-rated-movie-ratings-crown-ratings-race |archive-date=August 15, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In June–July 1995, the film aired a number of times on the [[Turner Network Television]] (TNT) network.<ref name="Huff"/>

==Reception==
===Box office===
''Jurassic Park'' became the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing film]] released worldwide up to that time, surpassing Spielberg's own 1982 film ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Hollywood Scores Big |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |issue=206 |pages=32–33 |date=January 21, 1994 |url=https://ew.com/article/1994/01/21/jurassic-park-and-other-1993-hollywood-hits/ |access-date=February 17, 2007 |first=Gregg |last=Kilday |archive-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118050145/http://www.ew.com/article/1994/01/21/jurassic-park-and-other-1993-hollywood-hits |url-status=live}}</ref> It grossed $3.1&nbsp;million from Thursday night screenings in the United States and Canada on June 10, and $50.1&nbsp;million in its first weekend from 2,404 theaters, breaking the opening weekend record set by ''[[Batman Returns]]'' the year before.<ref name=opening/><ref name=Brew/> ''Jurassic Park'' held that record until 1995 when ''[[Batman Forever]]'' took it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-19-ca-14726-story.html|title='Batman' Takes a Bite Out of 'Jurassic' Record: Movies: Third Bat film soars to an estimated opening weekend gross of $53 million. 'Pocahontas' makes a staggering $2.7 million in just six--albeit large--theaters.|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 19, 1995}}</ref> It grossed a record $81.7&nbsp;million by the end of its first week,<ref>{{cite magazine |author-link=Richard Corliss |last=Corliss |first=Richard |title=Hollywood's Summer: Just Kidding |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 28, 1993 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978768,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013204324/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978768,00.html |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=January 26, 2007}}</ref> and reached $100 million in a record nine days,<ref name=brazil/> and remained at number one for three weeks. It eventually grossed $357&nbsp;million in the US and Canada, ranking [[List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada|second of all-time]] behind ''E.T.''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-01-03-ca-8097-story.html |title=THE YEAR IN MOVIES: '93 a Record-Smasher at the Box Office |date=January 3, 1994 |author=Fox, David J. |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-date=September 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924151628/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-01-03/entertainment/ca-8097_1_jurassic-park |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park (1993) – Weekend Box Office |website=Box Office Mojo |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=jurassicpark.htm |access-date=February 8, 2007 |archive-date=February 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204045902/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=jurassicpark.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates the film sold over 86.2&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref name="Mojo">{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park (1993) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107290/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804215917/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jurassicpark.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2016 |access-date=June 29, 2025 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>

''Jurassic Park'' also did very well in international markets and was the first film to gross $500&nbsp;million overseas, surpassing the record $280&nbsp;million overseas gross of ''E.T.''<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Groves |first=Don |title='Park' strides past 'E.T.' for o'seas B.O. title|magazine=[[Daily Variety]] |date=September 14, 1993 |page=26}}</ref><ref name=500m>{{cite magazine |last=Groves |first=Don |title=Dinos set o'seas mark of $500 mil |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 22, 1993 |page=16}}</ref> In Brazil, it also set an opening weekend record with a gross of $1,738,198 from 141 screens.<ref name=brazil>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=July 9, 1993|page=24|title=Prehistoric records}}</ref> It went on to break further opening records around the world including in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, Italy, Denmark, South Africa and France.<ref name=japan>{{cite magazine |last=Groves |first=Don |title='Jurassic' renders Japan B.O. record extinct |magazine=[[Daily Variety]] |page=1 |date=July 20, 1993 |url=https://variety.com/1993/film/news/jurassic-renders-japan-b-o-record-extinct-108850/ |access-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111153451/http://variety.com/1993/film/news/jurassic-renders-japan-b-o-record-extinct-108850/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=dom/><ref name=it>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Daily Variety]]|date=21 September 1993|title='Park' conquers Italy|page=18|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref><ref name=fr/> In Japan, the film grossed $8.4&nbsp;million from 237 screens in two days (including previews).<ref name=japan/>

In the United Kingdom, ''Jurassic Park'' also beat the opening weekend record set by ''Batman Returns'' with a gross of £4.875&nbsp;million ($7.4&nbsp;million) from 434 screens, including a record £443,000 from Thursday night previews, and also beat ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''{{'}}s opening week record, with £9.2&nbsp;million.<ref name=japan/><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=12|date=July 26, 1993|title=U.K. yields to the call of the dinosaurs|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=18|date=August 2, 1993|title=International box office|quote=$13,982,206; £1=$1.52}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=18|date=August 2, 1993|title='Park' keeps stomping on world B.O.|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref> The film held the UK record until it was beaten by ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]'' in 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=UK Box Office's Weekend Record-Breaker|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=16 August 1996|page=23}}</ref> After 12 days of grossing over £1 million a day, ''Jurassic Park'' was the eighth [[List of highest-grossing films in the United Kingdom|highest-grossing film of all time in the UK]].<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=July 30, 1993|page=30|title=Powerful Park}}</ref> After just three weeks, it became the highest-grossing, surpassing ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]'' and eventually doubling the record with a gross of £47.9&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=11|date=August 16, 1993|title='Park' leader of summer B.O. pack|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=BFI Statistical Yearbook |year=2013 |edition=2012 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |location=London |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2013.pdf |pages=[http://www.emagcloud.com/incorporatedesign/BFI_Statisitical_Yearbook_2013_Digital02/pubData/source/BFI%20Statisitical%20Yearbook%202013%20Digital.pdf#page=22 22]|access-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228060414/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2013.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It spent a record eight consecutive weekends at the [[List of 1993 box office number-one films in the United Kingdom|top of the UK box office]].<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=31 October 1997|page=27|title=Stripped by Full Monty|last=Scott|first=Mary}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' would remain as Europe's box office leader before being surpassed by ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Aladdin' rides high in Europe |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/11/29/Aladdin-rides-high-in-Europe/8039754549200/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |work=[[United Press International]] |date=29 November 1993 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210142914/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/11/29/Aladdin-rides-high-in-Europe/8039754549200/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In Australia, the film had the widest release ever and was the first to open with a one-day gross of more than [[Australian dollar|A$]]1&nbsp;million, grossing A$5,447,000 (US$3.6&nbsp;million) in its first four days from 192 screens, beating the opening record of ''Terminator 2'' and the weekly record set by ''[[The Bodyguard (1992 film)|The Bodyguard]]'' with a gross of A$6.8&nbsp;million.<ref name=20sep>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=13|date=20 September 1993|title=International box office}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=13|date=20 September 1993|title=Healthy fall kickoff in Euro B.O.|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref><ref name=dom>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Daily Variety]]|page=30|date=7 September 1993|title=Dinos dominate world|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref> In the same weekend, it also set an opening record in Germany with a gross of [[Deutsche Mark|DM]] 16.8&nbsp;million ($10.5&nbsp;million) from 644 screens.<ref name=dom/><ref name=20sep/> In Italy, it had the widest release ever in 344 theaters and grossed a record [[Italian lira|Lire&nbsp;]]9.5&nbsp;billion ($6.1&nbsp;million).<ref name=it/> After 115 days of release, it surpassed ''E.T.'' as the highest-grossing film worldwide of all time.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Biggest Movie of All Time (advertisement)|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=October 8, 1993|pages=6–7}}</ref> It eventually opened in France on October 20, 1993, and grossed a record 75&nbsp;million&nbsp;[[French franc|F]] ($13&nbsp;million) in its opening week from over 515 screens.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=9|date=8 November 1993|title=International Box Office|quote=$13,089,950; $1=5.8FF}}</ref><ref name=fr>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=9|date=8 November 1993|title=French coin points 'Park' at $500 mil|last=Groves|first=Don}}</ref> Its first week admissions in France of almost 2.3 million surpassed the previous record set by ''[[Rambo: First Blood Part II]]'' in 1985.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Daily Variety]]|page=30|title='Jurassic' passes $450 mil o'seas|last=Groves|first=Don|date=October 28, 1993}}</ref>

The film set all-time records in, among others, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan (in US Dollars), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.<ref name=bil/><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=EDI Box Office News: Star Translations|date=May 26, 1997|page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title='Sliver' hot, 'Shots' tops in o'seas B.O.|date=September 6, 1993|page=10|first=Don|last=Groves}}</ref><ref name=500m/><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=B.O. gets rocky for chopsockys|date=December 13, 1993|page=1|first1=Don|last1=Groves|first2=Teresa|last2=Wan}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=12 December 1994|page=22|title=Once Were Warriors (advertisement)}}</ref> Ultimately the film grossed $914&nbsp;million worldwide in its initial release,<ref name="original release">{{cite web |date=April 5, 2013 |title=The Box Office Legacy Of 'Jurassic Park,' 20 Years Later |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/04/05/the-box-office-legacy-of-jurassic-park-20-years-later/?sh=69485d86e0c7 |website=Forbes}}</ref> with Spielberg reportedly earning over $250&nbsp;million, the most a director or actor had earned from one film at the time.{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=424}}<ref name=bil/> Its record gross was surpassed in 1998 by ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'', the first film to gross over $1{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/news/titanic-sails-to-all-time-box-office-record-1201345048/ |title='Titanic' Sails to All-Time Box Office Record |date=March 3, 1998 |last=Klady |first=Leonard |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-date=February 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216041131/http://variety.com/1998/film/news/titanic-sails-to-all-time-box-office-record-1201345048/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The 2011 UK release grossed £245,422 ($786,021) from 276 theaters, finishing at eleventh on the weekend box office list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://industry.bfi.org.uk/article/17582/UK-Box-Office-23--25-September-2011?action=fullscreen |title=UK Box Office: 23- 25 September 2011 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020192624/http://industry.bfi.org.uk/article/17582/UK-Box-Office-23--25-September-2011?action=fullscreen |archive-date=October 20, 2013 }}</ref> The 3D re-release in 2013 opened at fourth place in the US, with $18.6&nbsp;million from 2,771 locations. [[IMAX]] showings accounted for over $6&nbsp;million, with the 32 percent being the highest IMAX share ever for a nationwide release.<ref>{{cite web |title=Weekend Report: Audiences Thrill to 'Evil Dead', 'Jurassic Park 3D' |last=Subers |first=Ray |date=April 6, 2013 |website=Box Office Mojo |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3666&p=.htm |access-date=May 6, 2013 |archive-date=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509023431/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3666&p=.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The reissue grossed $45.4&nbsp;million in the United States and Canada. The international release had its most successful weekend in late August, when it managed to climb to the top of the box office with a $28.8&nbsp;million debut in China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Box Office: 'Jurassic Park 3D' Clobbers the Competition, Huge in China |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=August 25, 2013 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/global-box-office-jurassic-park-614090 |access-date=August 26, 2013 |archive-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828054615/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/global-box-office-jurassic-park-614090 |url-status=live}}</ref> This helped to bring the film's lifetime gross to $1.03&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Todd |title='Jurassic Park' Passes $1B at Box Office - With 3D Asterisk |url=http://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/jurassic-park-has-passed-1b-box-office-3d-asterisk-91866 |website=TheWrap |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924165316/http://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/jurassic-park-has-passed-1b-box-office-3d-asterisk-91866 |archive-date=September 24, 2013 |date=August 21, 2013}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' was the 17th, and oldest, film to surpass the $1{{nbsp}}billion mark,<ref>{{cite web |last=Polo |first=Susana |title=Jurassic Park Becomes Oldest Movie to Make More Than $1 Billion |url=https://www.themarysue.com/jurassic-park-one-billion/ |website=The Mary Sue |access-date=February 19, 2025 |date=August 27, 2013}}</ref> and the only film by Universal to achieve this until 2015, when the studio released ''[[Furious 7]]'', ''[[Minions (film)|Minions]]'', and the fourth ''Jurassic Park'' installment ''[[Jurassic World]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slashfilm.com/jurassic-world-box-office/ |title='Jurassic World' Sets Record for Fastest Race to $1 Billion |publisher=/Film |author=Han, Angie |date=June 23, 2015 |access-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118234423/http://www.slashfilm.com/jurassic-world-box-office/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Jurassic Park'' grossed an additional $374,238 in 2018 for its 25th anniversary re-release.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1983271429/|title=Jurassic Park (2018 Re-release)|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=September 1, 2020|archive-date=December 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221122207/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr1983271429/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2020, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, ''Jurassic Park'' returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins). It grossed $517,600, finishing in first for the fourth time in its history.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2020/06/weekend-box-office-coroanvirus-cinemark-jurassic-park-trolls-world-tour-jaws-1202966822/ |title= 'Jurassic Park' Roars To No. 1 Again at Weekend Box Office, 27 Years After Original Release |first= Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |website= [[Deadline Hollywood]] |date= June 22, 2020 |access-date= June 22, 2020 |archive-date= June 23, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200623110015/https://deadline.com/2020/06/weekend-box-office-coroanvirus-cinemark-jurassic-park-trolls-world-tour-jaws-1202966822/ |url-status= live}}</ref> Following subsequent re-releases, the film has grossed over $1.058&nbsp;billion worldwide.<ref name=num>{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park (1993) |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Jurassic-Park#tab=summary |access-date=June 12, 2025}}</ref> As of 2025, ''Jurassic Park'' remains among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, both in the US and Canada (not adjusted for inflation) and worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Lifetime Grosses (domestic) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/ |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=February 16, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top Lifetime Grosses (worldwide) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=February 16, 2025}}</ref> It also remains the highest-grossing film directed by Spielberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Grossing Director at the Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-specific-technical-role/director |website=The Numbers |access-date=February 20, 2025}}</ref>

===Critical response===
{{Anchor|Critical reception|Critics}}Review aggregation website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] retrospectively reported an approval rating of 91% based on 204 reviews, with an average rating of 8.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "''Jurassic Park'' is a spectacle of special effects and lifelike animatronics, with some of Spielberg's best sequences of sustained awe and sheer terror since ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]''".<ref name=Rotten>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jurassic_park/ |title=Jurassic Park (1993) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date=December 7, 2025 |archive-date=July 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727065331/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jurassic_park/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Metacritic]] gave the film a [[Weighted mean|weighted average]] score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.<ref name="metacritic">{{cite web |title=Jurassic Park Reviews |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/jurassic-park |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |work=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=November 22, 2025 |archive-date=September 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906222246/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/jurassic-park |url-status=live}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemascore.com|title=Find CinemaScore|format=Type "Jurassic Park" in the search box|publisher=[[CinemaScore]]|access-date=June 29, 2020|archive-date=January 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102130540/https://www.cinemascore.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' called it "a true movie milestone, presenting awe- and fear-inspiring sights never before seen on the screen [...] On paper, this story is tailor-made for Mr. Spielberg's talents [but] [i]t becomes less crisp on screen than it was on the page, with much of the enjoyable jargon either mumbled confusingly or otherwise thrown away".<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Janet Maslin |last=Maslin |first=Janet |title=Screen Stars With Teeth To Spare |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 11, 1993 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/11/movies/review-film-screen-stars-with-teeth-to-spare.html |access-date=February 4, 2007 |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729044330/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/11/movies/review-film-screen-stars-with-teeth-to-spare.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', [[Peter Travers]] called the film "colossal entertainment—the eye-popping, mind-bending, kick-out-the-jams thrill ride of summer and probably the year [...] Compared with the dinos, the characters are dry bones, indeed. Crichton and co-screenwriter David Koepp have flattened them into nonentities on the trip from page to screen".<ref>{{cite magazine |author-link=Peter Travers |last=Travers |first=Peter |title=Jurassic Park |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=June 1993 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5949029/review/5949030/jurassic_park |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824034910/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5949029/review/5949030/jurassic_park |archive-date=August 24, 2007 |access-date=February 4, 2007}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] gave the film three stars out of four: "The movie delivers all too well on its promise to show us dinosaurs. We see them early and often, and they are indeed a triumph of special effects artistry, but the movie is lacking other qualities that it needs even more, such as a sense of awe and wonderment, and strong human story values".<ref>{{cite news |author-link=Roger Ebert |last=Ebert |first=Roger |title=Jurassic Park |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=June 11, 1993 |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/jurassic-park-1993 |access-date=February 4, 2007 |archive-date=April 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413170606/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/jurassic-park-1993 |url-status=live}}</ref> Henry Sheehan of ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' argued: "The complaints over ''Jurassic Park''{{'}}s lack of story and character sound a little off the point", noting the story arc of Grant learning to protect Hammond's grandchildren despite his initial dislike of them.{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=421–422}} Caroline Westbrook of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' gave the film five stars, calling it "quite simply one of the greatest blockbusters of all time".<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Review of Jurassic Park |last=Westbrook |first=Caroline |magazine=Empire |url=http://www.empireonline.com/movies/jurassic-park/review/ |issue=50 |date=August 1993 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033510/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/jurassic-park/review/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Accolades===
{{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:99%;"
|-
! class="unsortable;" | Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominees !! Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1993
||[[Bambi Awards]]
|International Film
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite press release |title=Burda Publications, Inc. Congratulates its 1993 Bambi Award Recipients |date=December 9, 1993 |publisher=[[Hubert Burda Media]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="33"|1994
| rowspan="3" |[[66th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]
|[[Academy Award for Best Sound Editing|Best Sound Effects Editing]]
|[[Gary Rydstrom]] and [[Richard Hymns]]
|{{won}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref name=":11">{{cite web |title=The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706100012/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/66th-winners.html |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |access-date=October 22, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite news |date=March 22, 1994 |title='Jurassic Park,' another Spielberg movie, also has good night with 3 awards |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109919042/jurassic-park-another-spielberg/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921024558/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109919042/jurassic-park-another-spielberg/ |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |publisher=[[The Orlando Sentinel]] |page=6 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref>
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing|Best Sound]]
|[[Gary Summers]], Gary Rydstrom, [[Shawn Murphy (sound engineer)|Shawn Murphy]] and [[Ron Judkins]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]]
|[[Dennis Muren]], [[Stan Winston]], [[Phil Tippett]] and [[Michael Lantieri]]
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="11" | [[20th Saturn Awards|Saturn Awards]]
|[[Saturn Award for Best Director|Best Direction]]
|[[Steven Spielberg]]
|{{won}}
| rowspan="11" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Winners Database |url=https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1993/1993sat.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017175615/https://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1993/1993sat.htm |archive-date=October 17, 2006 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
|-
|[[Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film|Best Science Fiction Film]]
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Saturn Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Saturn Award for Best Writing|Best Writing]]
|[[Michael Crichton]] and [[David Koepp]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Saturn Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Laura Dern]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Jeff Goldblum]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Wayne Knight]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Best Performance by a Young Actor]]
|[[Joseph Mazzello]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Ariana Richards]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Saturn Award for Best Music|Best Music]]
|[[John Williams]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Saturn Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costumes]]
|Sue Moore and Eric H. Sandberg
|{{nom}}
|-
||[[Japan Academy Film Prize]]
|[[Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film|Outstanding Foreign Language Film]]
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=17th Annual Japanese Academy Awards |url=http://www.japan-academy-prize.jp/prizes/?t=17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222032612/http://www.japan-academy-prize.jp/prizes/?t=17 |archive-date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |publisher=Japan Academy Prize Association |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[47th British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]]
|[[BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects|Best Special Visual Effects]]
|Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett and Michael Lantieri
|{{won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Awards archive |url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/search?search=jurassic+park |access-date=February 19, 2025 |website=BAFTA}}</ref>
|-
|[[BAFTA Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]]
|Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins
|{{nom}}
|-
||[[BMI Film & TV Awards|BMI Film Music Award]]
|BMI Film Music Award
|John Williams
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Borzillo, Carrie |date=May 28, 1994 |title=BMI Gives Awards to Television, Movie Music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913142911/https://books.google.com/books?id=TwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2016 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
|-
||[[Blue Ribbon Awards]]
|[[Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film|Best Foreign Film]]
|Steven Spielberg
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:ルビー・モレノ快進撃 「月はどっちに出ている」3冠 |url=http://cinemahochi.yomiuri.co.jp/b_award/1993/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116114325/http://cinemahochi.yomiuri.co.jp/b_award/1993/ |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |publisher=The Association of Tokyo Film Journalists |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
||[[Bram Stoker Award]]
|[[Bram Stoker Award for Best Screenplay|Screenplay]]
|Michael Crichton and David Koepp
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Past Bram Stoker Nominees & Winners |url=http://www.horror.org/awards/stokerwinnom.htm#1993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503224339/http://www.horror.org/awards/stokerwinnom.htm#1993 |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |access-date=March 25, 2012 |publisher=horror.org}}</ref>
|-
||[[Cinema Audio Society Awards]]
|[[Cinema Audio Society Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action|Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Feature Film]]
|Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy and Ron Judkins
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=The Cinema Audio Society Awards For Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing 1993–2002 |url=http://www.cinemaaudiosociety.org/html/casprev.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040608021158/http://www.cinemaaudiosociety.org/html/casprev.html |archive-date=June 8, 2004 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |publisher=Cinema Audio Society}}</ref>
|-
||[[1993 Czech Lion Awards|Czech Lion Awards]]
|[[Czech Lion Award for Most Popular Film|Most Popular Film]]
|Steven Spielberg
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Český lev 1993 – Přehled ocenění |url=http://www.kinobox.cz/oceneni/ceskylev/1993 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116111244/http://www.kinobox.cz/oceneni/ceskylev/1993 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |publisher=Czech Film and Television Academy |language=cs}}</ref>
|-
||[[36th Annual Grammy Awards|Grammy Awards]]
|[[Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media|Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television]]
|John Williams
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |author=Moon, Tom |date=January 7, 1994 |title=Sting, R.e.m., Houston Grab Grammy Bids Nominations Predictably Conservative; Mariah Carey, Michael Bolton Blocked From Big Awards |url=http://articles.philly.com/1994-01-07/living/25824842_1_donald-fagen-s-kamakiriad-award-nominations-song-of-the-year-category |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084628/http://articles.philly.com/1994-01-07/living/25824842_1_donald-fagen-s-kamakiriad-award-nominations-song-of-the-year-category |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=March 25, 2012 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[1994 MTV Movie Awards|MTV Movie Awards]]
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Action Sequence|Best Action Sequence]]
|T-Rex/Jeep scene
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |title=1994 MTV Movie Awards |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/1994/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208223801/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/1994/ |archive-date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=March 25, 2012 |publisher=MTV}}</ref>
|-
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Movie|Best Movie]]
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[MTV Movie Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]]
|''T. rex''
|{{nom}}
|-
||[[Mainichi Film Awards]]
|Best Foreign Language Film (Fan Choice)
|Steven Spielberg
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |title=48th 日本映画大賞 |url=http://mainichi.jp/enta/cinema/mfa/etc/history/48.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116112326/http://mainichi.jp/enta/cinema/mfa/etc/history/48.html |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |work=[[Mainichi Shinbun]] |language=ja}}</ref>
|-
||[[Motion Picture Sound Editors]]
|[[Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film|Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film]]
|Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |author=Cox, Dan |date=March 20, 1994 |title=Spielberg pix sound great at MPSE's Golden Reels |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/news/spielberg-pix-sound-great-at-mpse-s-golden-reels-119401/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116151220/http://variety.com/1994/film/news/spielberg-pix-sound-great-at-mpse-s-golden-reels-119401/ |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |work=Variety}}</ref>
|-
||[[20th People's Choice Awards|People's Choice Awards]]
|Favorite All-Around Movie
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=1993 20th People's Choice Awards |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1993/1993pc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031053758/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/extras/lostmind/year/1993/1993pc.htm |archive-date=October 31, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |publisher=The Envelope}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[15th Youth in Film Awards|Youth in Film Awards]]
|Best Youth Actor Co-Starring in a Motion Picture Drama
|Joseph Mazzello
|{{won}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Fifteenth Annual Youth in Film Awards 1992–1993 |url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms15.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403132553/http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms15.htm |archive-date=April 3, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |publisher=Young Artist Association}}</ref>
|-
|Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Drama
|Ariana Richards
|{{won}}
|-
|Outstanding Family Motion Picture – Action/Adventure
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{won}}
|-
||[[Hugo Awards]]
|[[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation|Best Dramatic Presentation]]
| ''Jurassic Park''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |date=July 28, 2007 |title=1994 Hugo Awards |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/?page_id=124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928142739/http://www.thehugoawards.org/?page_id=124 |archive-date=September 28, 2008 |publisher=Thehugoawards.org}}</ref>
|}

==Legacy==
Over the years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited ''Jurassic Park'' as one of the greatest and most influential movies in history. In 2001, the [[American Film Institute]] named ''Jurassic Park'' the 35th-most thrilling film of all time.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 13, 2001 |title=AFI's 100 Years, 100 Thrills |url=http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/thrills.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208093605/http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/thrills.aspx |archive-date=February 8, 2007 |access-date=February 13, 2007 |publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref> Two years later, ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' called the first encounter with a ''Brachiosaurus'' the 28th-most magical moment in cinema.<ref>{{cite news |title=50 Most Magical Movie Moments |page=122 |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=November 28, 2003}}</ref> In 2004, ''Empire'' judged ''Jurassic Park'' to be the sixth-most influential film in the magazine's 15-year lifetime.<ref name="influence">{{cite news |author=Freer, Ian |title=The 15 Most Influential Films Of Our Lifetime |page=120 |work=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]] |date=April 30, 2004}}</ref> ''[[Film Review (magazine)|Film Review]]'', in 2005, declared the film to be one of the five most important in the magazine's 55-year history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Film Review Special #59 – 55 Years Anniversary contents |publisher=Film Review |date=July 28, 2005 |url=http://www.visimag.com/filmreview/fs59_display.htm |access-date=March 6, 2007 |archive-date=October 18, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018193219/http://www.visimag.com/filmreview/fs59_display.htm }}</ref>

''Jurassic Park'' is included in the book ''[[1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die | editor1-first= Steven Jay | editor1-last= Schneider |year=2012 |edition=5th |publisher=[[Barron's Educational Series]] |location=Hauppauge, New York |isbn=978-1-84403-733-9 |page=960 |oclc=796279948 |series=Quintessence Editions}}</ref> and in a 2007 list by ''[[The Guardian]]'' of "1000 films to see before you die".<ref>{{cite news |date=June 27, 2007 |title=1000 films to see before you die |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/jun/27/1000filmstoseebeforeyoudie4/ |access-date=March 11, 2010 |archive-date=November 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105070049/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/jun/27/1000filmstoseebeforeyoudie4 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, an ''Empire'' poll of readers, filmmakers, and critics also rated it one of the 500 greatest films of all time.<ref>{{cite news |author=Simon Braund |author2=Glen Ferris |author3=Ian Freer |author4=Nev Pierce |author5=Chris Hewitt |author6=Dan Jolin |author7=Ian Nathan |author8=Kim Newman |author9=Helen O'Hara |author10=Olly Richards |author11=Owen Willams |work=Empire |title=The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time |url=http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/500-greatest-movies/ |access-date=March 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822120854/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/500-greatest-movies/ |archive-date=August 22, 2016}}</ref> In a 2010 poll, the readers of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' rated it the greatest summer movie of the previous 20 years.<ref>"Summer Blockbusters: The New Generation", ''Entertainment Weekly'', Page 32, Issue #1112, July 23, 2010.</ref> In 2014, it was ranked as one of the 50 greatest films of all time in an extensive poll undertaken by ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm and production house in the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] region.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 25, 2014 |title=Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-hollywood-movies-all-time-818512 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914055722/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-hollywood-movies-all-time-818512 |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |access-date=July 13, 2014 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> In 2018, ''Jurassic Park'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]], which deemed it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref>{{cite news |last=Barnes |first=Mike |title='Jurassic Park', 'The Shining', 'Brokeback Mountain' Enter National Film Registry |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/national-film-registry-jurassic-park-shining-brokeback-mountain-rebecca-hud-selected-by-library-cong-1168473 |access-date=December 12, 2018 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=December 12, 2018 |archive-date=December 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212105723/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/national-film-registry-jurassic-park-shining-brokeback-mountain-rebecca-hud-selected-by-library-cong-1168473 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, [[Mattel]] produced a line of new toys, including figures based on the film's characters.<ref>{{cite web |last=Anderton |first=Ethan |title=Cool Stuff: 'Jurassic Park' Amber Collection Adds Add John Hammond and Ellie Sattler Action Figures |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/jurassic-park-amber-collection-action-figures/ |website=/Film |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=June 3, 2021}}</ref> The film's 30th anniversary was marked with the release of various merchandise,<ref>{{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Tara |title=Jurassic Park Turns 30: Chomp into the Monstrous Merch Celebrating the Dino-sized Anniversary |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/jurassic-park-dino-merch-celebrating-30th-anniversary |website=Syfy |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=June 12, 2023}}</ref> including new toys from Mattel and [[Lego]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Matthew |title=Mattel announces retro toy line for 'Jurassic Park's 30th anniversary |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/mattel-announces-jurassic-park-30th-anniversary-toys |website=Syfy |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=February 21, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Weiss |first=Josh |title=LEGO celebrates 'Jurassic Park's 30th with 5 new dino-sets inspired by Spielberg's classic |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/lego-announces-five-new-jurassic-park-sets |website=Syfy |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=March 9, 2023}}</ref> as well as an event at [[San Diego Comic-Con]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Busch |first=Caitlin |title=Hold On to Your Butts! Here's What We Saw at SDCC's Jurassic Park 30-Year Anniversary Experience |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/sdcc-jurassic-park-30-year-anniversary-experience-activation-details |website=Syfy |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=July 21, 2023}}</ref>

===Impact===
''Jurassic Park'' had a wide-ranging impact, particularly as an influence on other films due to its breakthrough use of [[computer-generated imagery]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/06/jurassic-park-cgi/ |title=Jurassic Park Turns 21: A Look Back at How It Revolutionized Special Effects |magazine=Wired |date=June 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/here-s-how-jurassic-park-changed-the-special-effects-ga-1798269391 |title=Here's how Jurassic Park changed the special effects game |website=The A.V. Club |date=June 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWsbcBvYqN8 |title=Moments That Changed The Movies: Jurassic Park |date=June 9, 2014 |last= |type= |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |access-date=December 22, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The film is regarded as a landmark for [[visual effects]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/critics-picks-10-landmark-cgi-884346/ |title=Critic's Picks: 10 Landmark CGI-Meets-Live-Action Movies |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-50-greatest-special-effects-movies-of-all-time-1827830379/slides/34 |title=The 50 greatest special effects movies of all time: Jurassic Park (1993) |website=The A.V. Club |date=July 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/gallery/movie-special-effects/ |title=25 movies with the best special effects |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=July 29, 2022}}</ref> Film historian [[Tom Shone]] said of the film's innovation and influence, "in its way, ''Jurassic Park'' heralded a revolution in movies as profound as the coming of sound in 1927".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/04/the-i-jurassic-park-i-period-how-cgi-dinosaurs-transformed-film-forever/274669/ |title=The Jurassic Park Period: How CGI Dinosaurs Transformed Film Forever |website=The Atlantic |date=April 5, 2013}}</ref>{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=213}} Numerous filmmakers saw the effects as a realization that many of their visions, previously thought unfeasible or too expensive, were now possible.<ref name="influence" /> ILM owner [[George Lucas]], realizing the success of creating realistic live dinosaurs by his own company, began work on the [[Star Wars prequel trilogy|''Star Wars'' prequel trilogy]];<ref>{{cite book |first=Marcus |last=Hearn |title='ILM and the Digital Revolution' The Cinema of George Lucas |publisher=[[Harry N. Abrams]] Inc, Publishers |year=2005 |location=New York |page=174 |isbn=0-8109-4968-7}}</ref> [[Stanley Kubrick]] decided to invest in pet project ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]'', which he later got Spielberg to direct;<ref name=influence/> and [[Peter Jackson]] began to re-explore his childhood love of [[fantasy film]]s, a path that led him to ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sibley |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Sibley |title=Peter Jackson: A Film-maker's Journey |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2006 |location=London |page=310 |isbn=0-00-717558-2}}</ref> A number of visual effects companies transitioned to creating CGI as a result of the film, including [[Tippett Studio]] and [[Pacific Title & Art Studio]].{{Sfn|Sito|2013|p=258}} Winston, enthusiastic about the new technology pioneered by the film, joined with [[IBM]] and director [[James Cameron]] to form a new special effects company, [[Digital Domain]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=June 18, 1993 |title=Rex n' Effects |url=https://ew.com/article/1993/06/18/rex-n-effects/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013204922/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306929,00.html |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=February 18, 2007 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> ''Jurassic Park'' also inspired films and documentaries with dinosaurs such as the American adaptation of ''[[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]]'', ''[[Carnosaur (film)|Carnosaur]]'' (in which Dern's mother [[Diane Ladd]] starred), and ''[[Walking with Dinosaurs]]''.<ref name="influence" /> 

''Jurassic Park'' was praised for its modern portrayal of dinosaurs.<ref name=Cool>{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Stephen |title=How Steven Spielberg and Jurassic Park made dinosaurs cool |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2018/06/04/steven-spielberg-jurassic-park-made-dinosaurs-cool/ |access-date=February 15, 2025 |work=The Telegraph |date=June 4, 2018}}</ref> Many of the findings of the [[dinosaur renaissance]], such as dinosaurs being warm-blooded, active, intelligent, and [[Origin of birds|genetically related to birds]], were reflected in the film, which updated the general public's previous perception of dinosaurs as being sluggish, stupid, and entirely extinct.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Travis |date=June 12, 2023 |title=How Jurassic Park changed film-making and our view of dinosaurs |url=http://theconversation.com/how-jurassic-park-changed-film-making-and-our-view-of-dinosaurs-203147 |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite news |last=Botkin-Kowacki |first=Eva |date=June 11, 2018 |title=Rise of the 'Jurassic Park' generation |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2018/0611/Rise-of-the-Jurassic-Park-generation |access-date=October 18, 2025 |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |issn=0882-7729}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lerolle |first=Maxime |date=January 22, 2025 |title=How Jurassic Park changed the image of dinosaurs |url=https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/how-jurassic-park-changed-the-image-of-dinosaurs |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=[[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] |language=en}}</ref> However, the public has also absorbed scientific inaccuracies in the film, such as the size of ''Velociraptor'', and the general view of dinosaurs has stuck with the way that they were portrayed in ''Jurassic Park'' ever since the film's release, without being updated to reflect decades of additional discoveries that have occurred since 1993.<ref name=":25" /> The film has been said to have given rise to a ''Jurassic Park'' generation: young people who were inspired to become paleontologists.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Many Paleontologists Today Are Part Of The 'Jurassic Park' Generation |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/10/627782777/many-paleontologists-today-are-part-of-the-jurassic-park-generation |date=July 10, 2018 |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=July 30, 2018}}</ref> Among the general public, the film also created an interest in dinosaurs, leading to increased funding for paleontology. This, combined with the rising number of paleontologists, resulted in a surge of dinosaur discoveries.<ref name=Cool/> Following the success of the film, Universal and Amblin started the Jurassic Foundation, a [[nonprofit organization]] that funds paleontological research.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jurassic Foundation {{!}} Dinosaur Research |url=https://www.jurassicfoundation.org/ |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=Jurassic Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Zoledziowski |first1=Anya |last2=Cummings |first2=Madeleine |date=August 29, 2019 |title=The 'Jurassic Park effect': How a generation fell in love with dinosaurs |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/jurassic-park-effect-alberta-1.5264341 |access-date=October 18, 2025 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> The film also popularized the concept of [[de-extinction]] among the public.<ref>{{cite web |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |date=April 2013 |title=Bringing Them Back to Life |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/04/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals/ |website=[[National Geographic Magazine]]}}</ref> As of 2025, [[Colossal Biosciences]] is attempting to use fragmented DNA to bring back extinct species such as the [[woolly mammoth]], [[Tasmanian tiger]], and [[dodo]], prompting comparisons to the film.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Heather |title='It won't end like Jurassic Park!' The man who wants to bring the mammoth and dodo back to life |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/feb/11/it-wont-end-like-jurassic-park-that-was-a-movie-the-man-who-wants-to-bring-the-woolly-mammoth-back-to-life |access-date=June 5, 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=February 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McGahan |first=Michelle |url=https://parade.com/news/real-life-jurassic-park-technology|title=Hold Onto Your Jello — Real-Life 'Jurassic Park' Technology Is Here|publisher=Parade |date=May 3, 2025 |access-date=June 5, 2025}}</ref> Film director [[Gareth Edwards (filmmaker)|Gareth Edwards]] visited its laboratories before the release of ''Jurassic World Rebirth'' and said, "This is the real Jurassic Park, isn't it?"<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/jurassic-world-rebirth-director-colossal-labs-dinosaur-de-extinction-100-years-exclusive-11763996 |title=Jurassic World Rebirth director learns dinosaur de-extinction could come sooner than we think (exclusive) |last=Nick |first=Romano |date=1 July 2025 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>

''Jurassic Park''{{'}}s impact extended internationally. It started a trend of dubbing US films into [[Hindi]] for the [[India]]n market and was the highest-grossing US film in India at the time with a gross of $3 million.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Lost World takes $500m worldwide|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=September 12, 1997|page=31}}</ref> In Canada, the [[Toronto Raptors]], a [[National Basketball Association]] team founded in 1995, was named so as a result of the film's popularity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/raptors/history/raptors_history.html |title=Laying the Groundwork for the NBA in Toronto |access-date=April 17, 2013 |publisher=Toronto Raptors |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804021236/http://www.nba.com/raptors/history/raptors_history.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, fans watch the team's playoff games on a large television at [[Maple Leaf Square]], nicknamed Jurassic Park.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/basketball/nba/raptors-jurassic-park-maple-leaf-square-1.5141822 |title=Welcome to Jurassic Park, where hope springs eternal for Toronto sports fans |date=May 19, 2019 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |publisher=CBC |archive-date=June 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617072831/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/basketball/nba/raptors-jurassic-park-maple-leaf-square-1.5141822 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Franchise===
{{further|Jurassic Park (franchise)|Jurassic Park video games}}
[[File:Discovery Center.jpg|thumb|right|The Jurassic Park Discovery Center at [[Islands of Adventure]]|alt=The gateway to a facility reading "Jurassic Park" at the top, "Discovery Center" at the bottom, and a rocky panel with a Tyrannosaurus skeleton in-between.]]
''Jurassic Park'' was the beginning of a multimedia franchise. Following the film's success, Crichton wrote a sequel to his novel, titled ''[[The Lost World (Crichton novel)|The Lost World]]'' and released in 1995. Spielberg and Koepp returned respectively as director and writer for the 1997 film adaptation, ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lost-world.com/Site_B/notes_prod2.html|title= Encore section|website=Lost-World.com|archive-date= July 12, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180712103640/http://www.lost-world.com/Site_B/notes_prod2.html|url-status= live}}</ref> Crichton did not write any further novels in the series, although additional films would be made, featuring previously unused elements from the two books. Spielberg has served as executive producer for subsequent films,<ref>{{cite web |last=Reyes |first=Mike |title='That's Just Pure Gold': Sherri Crichton's Reaction To Frequent Jurassic Park Remake Rumors Is Something I Can Totally Get Behind |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/sherri-crichton-reaction-frequent-jurassic-park-remake-rumors |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=June 12, 2024}}</ref> which include ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' (2001), ''[[Jurassic World]]'' (2015), ''[[Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom]]'' (2018), ''[[Jurassic World Dominion]]'' (2022), and ''[[Jurassic World Rebirth]]'' (2025). The original film remains the highest rated among critics.<ref>{{cite web |last=Reiher |first=Andrea |title=Every 'Jurassic Park' and 'Jurassic World' Movie, Ranked by Metacritic |url=https://www.metacritic.com/news/every-jurassic-movie-ranked/ |website=Metacritic |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=June 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=All Jurassic Park and World Movies Ranked by Tomatometer |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/jurassic-park-world-movies/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=February 15, 2025}}</ref>

Two canonical spin-off animated series were also made, titled ''[[Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous]]'' (2020–2022) and its sequel ''[[Jurassic World: Chaos Theory]]'' (2024–2025).

The film's story was originally continued in [[Jurassic Park (franchise)#Comics|numerous comics]], starting in 1993.<ref name=Popv>{{cite web |last=Lapin-Bertone |first=Joshua |title=Jurassic Universe: Exploring the world outside the movies |url=https://www.thepopverse.com/jurassic-world-park-universe-exploring-the-world-outside-the-movies-novels |website=Popverse |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=June 9, 2022}}</ref> Two video game sequels, ''[[Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues]]'' and ''[[Jurassic Park: Rampage Edition]]'', would also be released in 1994. ''[[Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis]]'', based on the film's concept of building a dinosaur theme park, was released in 2003. Two subsequent games are set shortly after the events of the film – ''[[Jurassic Park: The Game]]'', released in 2011;<ref name="games">{{cite web |title=Twenty years on after Jurassic Park's release, a look back at the video games inspired by the dinosaur franchise |date=June 11, 2013 |author=Meikleham, Dave |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/going-out/film/jurassic-park-twenty-years-after-1945689 |access-date=August 12, 2013 |archive-date=July 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723181845/http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/going-out/film/jurassic-park-twenty-years-after-1945689 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Popv/> and the upcoming ''[[Jurassic Park: Survival (upcoming video game)|Jurassic Park: Survival]]'', announced in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bonk |first=Lawrence |title=Jurassic Park: Survival is an adventure game set one day after the original film |url=https://www.engadget.com/jurassic-park-survival-is-an-adventure-game-set-one-day-after-the-original-film-023630203.html |website=Engadget |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=December 7, 2023}}</ref>

The film's success also resulted in theme park attractions, with [[Jurassic Park: The Ride]] opening at [[Universal Studios Hollywood]] in 1996. [[Universal Destinations & Experiences|Other Universal parks]] would subsequently add their own [[Jurassic Park (franchise)#Theme park rides|''Jurassic Park'' rides]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Eakin |first=Marah |title=An Oral History of Jurassic Park: The Ride |url=https://www.wired.com/story/jurassic-park-the-ride-oral-history/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=June 9, 2023}}</ref> [[Universal Islands of Adventure]], opened in [[Orlando, Florida]] in 1999,<ref>{{cite web |last=Chieffi |first=Tarah |title=The untold backstory (and complicated canon) of Universal Orlando's Jurassic Park |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/universal-orlando-jurassic-park-canon-backstory |website=Syfy |access-date=February 15, 2025 |date=December 4, 2020}}</ref> has an entire section dedicated to ''Jurassic Park'' that includes many rides and attractions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Challenging Disney |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CtgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4775%2C1768543 |access-date=April 14, 2011 |newspaper=Ocala [[Star-Banner]] |date=April 4, 1999 |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224731/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CtgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4775%2C1768543 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Schneider |first=Mike |title=Theme Parks Set in Motion Around Conference Tables |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=18JOAAAAIBAJ&pg=3142%2C2443001 |access-date=April 13, 2011 |newspaper=Lakeland Ledger |date=July 5, 1998 |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517224730/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=18JOAAAAIBAJ&pg=3142%2C2443001 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of films featuring dinosaurs]]
* {{annotated link|Mundane science fiction}}
* {{annotated link|Survival film}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=McBride |first=Joseph |author-link=Joseph McBride (writer) |year=1997 |title=Steven Spielberg |publisher=Faber and Faber |isbn=0-571-19177-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Ryfle |first=Steve |year=1998 |title=Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G |url=https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl |url-access=registration |publisher=[[ECW Press]] |isbn=1-55022-348-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Shay |first1=Don |last2=Duncan |first2=Jody |title=The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making |publisher=Boxtree Limited |year=1993 |page=61 |isbn=1-85283-774-8 |ref={{sfnRef|Shay & Duncan|1993}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Shone |first=Tom |title=Blockbuster: How Hollywood learned to stop worrying and love the summer |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7432-3568-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Mottram |first=James |title=Jurassic Park: The Ultimate Visual History |date=2021 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-68383-545-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9UEAAAQBAJ}}
*{{Cite book |last=Duncan |first=Jody |title=The Winston Effect: The Art and History of Stan Winston Studio |publisher=[[Titan Books]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-84576-150-9 |location=London |publication-date=2006}}
*{{Cite book |last1=Vaz |first1=Mark Cotta |title=Industrial Light & Magic: Into the Digital Realm |last2=Duignan |first2=Patricia Rose |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |year=1996 |isbn=0-345-38152-1 |edition=1st |location=New York, NY}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sito |first=Tom |title=Moving Innovation: a History of Computer Animation |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-262-01909-5 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Mojo title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* {{TCMDb title}}
* {{AFI film}}

{{Jurassic Park}}
{{navboxes
|title = ''Jurassic Park'' navigation boxes
|list1 = 
{{Michael Crichton}}
{{Steven Spielberg}}
{{David Koepp}}
{{Jurassic Park games}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for ''Jurassic Park''
|list1 =
{{Academy Award Best Sound Editing}}
{{Academy Award Best Visual Effects}}
{{BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects}}
{{Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film}}
{{Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation 1981–2002}}
{{Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film}}
{{Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie}}
{{Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film 1991–2010}}
{{Seiun Award - Best Media}}}}
{{Yearly highest-grossing US films}}}}
{{Portal bar|Film|United States|Speculative fiction|Dinosaurs|Science fiction|1990s}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jurassic Park}}
[[Category:Jurassic Park (franchise) films]]
[[Category:1993 American films]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s monster movies]]
[[Category:1990s science fiction adventure films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:2013 3D films]]
[[Category:3D re-releases]]
[[Category:Amblin Entertainment films]]
[[Category:American chase films]]
[[Category:American films with live action and animation]]
[[Category:American IMAX films]]
[[Category:American monster movies]]
[[Category:American science fiction adventure films]]
[[Category:American science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (films)]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of mathematicians]]
[[Category:Czech Lion Awards winners (films)]]
[[Category:Films about dinosaurs]]
[[Category:Films about genetic engineering]]
[[Category:Films about industrial espionage]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films about Tyrannosaurus]]
[[Category:Films adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Films based on science fiction novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Michael Crichton]]
[[Category:Films directed by Steven Spielberg]]
[[Category:Films produced by Gerald R. Molen]]
[[Category:Films produced by Kathleen Kennedy]]
[[Category:Films scored by John Williams]]
[[Category:Films set in amusement parks]]
[[Category:Films set in Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Films set in Montana]]
[[Category:Films set in the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Films set in zoos]]
[[Category:Films set on fictional islands]]
[[Category:Films shot in California]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by David Koepp]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Michael Crichton]]
[[Category:Giant monster films]]
[[Category:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation–winning works]]
[[Category:Jungle adventure films]]
[[Category:Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award–winning films]]
[[Category:Saturn Award–winning films]]
[[Category:United States National Film Registry films]]
[[Category:Universal Pictures films]]
[[Category:English-language science fiction adventure films]]