View source for Junkers W 34

{{Short description|1926 airliner family}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2008}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = W 34
  |image = Junkers W34 ExCC.jpg
  |caption = Canadian Airways CF-ARI
  |type = Transport
  |manufacturer = [[Junkers (Aircraft)|Junkers]]
  |designer =Hermann Pohlmann<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_who_p.htm |access-date=2016-06-22 |last=Zoeller |first=Horst |title=Junkers – Who is Who? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027072819/http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_who_p.htm |archive-date=October 27, 2009 }}</ref> 
  |first_flight = 
  |introduction = 1926
  |retired = 
  |status = 
  |primary_user = 
  |more_users =
  |produced = 
  |number_built =
  |unit cost = 
  |developed_from = [[Junkers W 33]]
  |variants = 
  |developed_into = [[Junkers Ju 46]]
}}
The '''Junkers W 34''' was a [[Germany|German]]-built, single-engine, passenger and transport aircraft. Developed in the 1920s, it was taken into service in 1926. The passenger version could take a pilot and five passengers. 

The aircraft was developed from the [[Junkers W 33]], noted for being a record-breaking aircraft. Further development led to the [[Junkers Ju 46]], a catapult-launched seaplane for naval use.

==Production and service==
[[File:Junkers W 34 be-b3e Neuenhofen L'Aéronautique July,1929.jpg|thumb|left|Junkers W 34 in 1929. with Willi Neuenhofen]]
One Junkers W 34 be/b3e managed to break the then-current altitude record on 26 May 1929 when it reached {{convert|12,739|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}. That aircraft carried the markings D-1119 and it was equipped with a [[Bristol Jupiter]] VII engine. The airplane was flown by [[Wilhelm Neuenhofen|Willi Neuenhofen]].

The Junkers W 34 was manufactured in many different versions. The total production numbers for the civil market were around 1,000, a further 2,024 '''hi'''s and '''hau'''s were built under license for the [[Reich Air Ministry|RLM]] and ''[[Luftwaffe]]''. The unit price was between [[German reichsmark|RM]] 65,000 and 70,400.

On 31 January 1944 the ''Luftwaffe'' still had 618 W 34''hi'''s and 516 W 34'''hau'''s in service: the majority were used by [[flight school]]s; mainly as navigator{{Sfn | Sinnhuber | 2012 | p =  59}} and radio operator training (3 or 4 navigator or radio-operator trainees).

The Junkers K.43, nicknamed the "''Bush Bomber''", was used extensively during the [[Chaco War]] (1932–1935) fought between [[Bolivia]] and [[Paraguay]]. See external links.

The [[Colombian Air Force]] used the W 34 and K-43 in the [[Colombia-Peru War]] in 1932–3.<ref name="Leticia">{{cite journal |last1=von Rauch |first1=Georg |title=A South American Air War...The Leticia Conflict |journal=Air Enthusiast |date=December 1984 |issue=26 |pages=1–8 |issn=0143-5450}}</ref>

The [[Swedish Air Force]] operated three W 33/34 between 1933 and 1953 in the transport and air ambulance roles, initially with the military designation Trp 2 and Trp 2A, eventually changed to Tp 2 and Tp 2A. One of these is preserved today in civilian colors as SE-BYA.

In 1930 [[Finnish Air Force]] bought a single W 34 (JU-122) for maritime operations and six K 43s (JU-123 – JU-128) for use as light bombers, during [[Continuation war]] the planes were used as transports, evacuating wounded and supplying [[Long-range_reconnaissance_patrol#Finland|Long-Range Recon Patrols]] behind the enemy lines. Additional five W 34s were bought in 1944 for radio navigation training (JU-131 – 135), after the war [[Finnish Border Guard]] operated the remaining planes until 1950. 
[[File:Junkers_K_43fa_(SA-kuva_99464).jpg|thumb|Finnish K 43s in Kiestinki, May 1942]]

==Production==
;'''W 34 ''hi''''': Junkers (105 aircraft built), Henschel (430), ATG (94), Dornier Wismar (58), HFB (69) and Weser (221).
;'''W 34 ''hau''''': Henschel (329), Arado Brandenburg (205), ATG (105), Dornier Wismar (93), HFB (192) and MIAG Braunschweig (73).

==Variants==
[[File:Canadian Airways Junkers W.34 CF-ABK.jpg|thumb|W 34 of Canadian Airways, floatplane version]]
;W 34 a: 331&nbsp;kW [[Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter]] engine, speed: 190&nbsp;km/h, wingspan: 17.75 m and length 11.10 m
;W 34 be: 375&nbsp;kW [[Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter]] engine, speed: 230&nbsp;km/h, wingspan: 17.75 m, length: 10.70 m
;W 34 be/b3e: 441&nbsp;kW [[Bristol Jupiter]] VII engine and was used for attempts to try breaking the world altitude record
;W 34 ci: 405&nbsp;kW [[Pratt & Whitney Hornet]] engine, speed: 245&nbsp;km/h, equipped with cabin windows
;W 34 di: like the W 34 ci, the engine was license produced by BMW.
;W 34 f: 331&nbsp;kW [[Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter]]  engine, speed 190&nbsp;km/h, wingspan 18.48 m, length 11.10 m, enclosed cockpit, ailerons were lengthened; the export version had a cargo door
;W 34 f: experimental aircraft with floats
;W 34 fa: passenger aircraft for export
;W 34 fä: export aircraft
;W 34 fo: export aircraft with a [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]]  engine
;W 34 fy: [[Armstrong Siddeley Panther]] engine
;W 34 fao: 397&nbsp;kW [[Siemens-Halske Sh 20]] engine, only one was produced for tests with autopilot
;W 34 fei: 441&nbsp;kW [[Siemens-Halske Sh 20U]] engine, only one was produced as a maritime test aircraft
;W 34 fg: [[Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar]] Major engine
;W 34 fue: [[Pratt & Whitney Hornet]] engine, later rebuilt as a maritime aircraft.
;W 34 fi: Pratt & Whitney or BMW built 405&nbsp;kW Hornet; wingspan: 18.48 m, length 10.27 m, speed 260&nbsp;km/h. The aircraft had an enclosed cockpit and low-pressure tires.
;W 34 gi: 405&nbsp;kW [[BMW Hornet]], only one machine was produced in 1933 for tests
;W 34 hi: 485&nbsp;kW [[BMW 132]]A/E, the aircraft could take six passengers and was equipped with improved radio- and direction finders. This version was mostly used by Luftwaffe to train pilots and radio operators.
;W 34 hau: similar to ''hi'', but it had a 526&nbsp;kW [[Bramo 322 H]] engine. The type was mostly used by Luftwaffe to train its pilots and radio operators.
;K 43: Military W34, available in many of the above-mentioned versions.

==Operators==
[[File:Junkers W34 CASM 2012 2.jpg|thumb|Junkers W 34 f/fi in [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] ]]
[[File:407 Junkers W.34h Colombian Air Force (7501682152).jpg|thumb|Junkers W34h of the Colombian Air Force now on display]]
[[File:Junkers W 34 SE-BYA Arlanda 1968.jpg|thumb|Swedish Junkers W 34 SE-BYA was flown by the Swedish Air Force 1933–1953 as the Trp 2A and Tp 2A ambulance aircraft. Stockholm Arlanda March 1968.]]

;{{ARG}}
*[[Argentine Air Force]]
*[[Argentine Naval Aviation]] – 1 W34 purchased in 1934, used as trainer <ref name=histarmar>{{cite web |title=Historia y Arqueologia Marítima : AVIONES DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE LA AVIACION NAVAL " JUNKERS W-34 " |url=http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Armada%20Argentina/AviacionNaval/TR-JunkersW34.htm |website=histarmar |access-date=26 April 2019 |location=Buenos Aires |language=es}}</ref>
;{{AUS}}
*[[Guinea Airways]]
*[[Royal Australian Air Force]]
;{{BOL}}
*[[Bolivian Air Force]]
;{{BRA}}
*[[Syndicato Condor|Syndicato Condor – Serviços Aéreos Condor]]
;{{BUL}}
*[[Bulgarian Air Force]]
;{{flag|Canada|1921}}
*[[Royal Canadian Air Force]]
*[[Canadian Airways]]<ref name="Grant">{{cite journal |last1=Grant |first1=Robert S. |title=Metal Marvels: Junkers W33s and W34s in the Canadian Bush |journal=Air Enthusiast |date=March 2004 |issue=110 |pages=70–75 |location=Stamford Lincs, UK |issn=0143-5450}}</ref>
;{{CHL}}
*[[Chilean Air Force]]
;{{CHN-ROC}}
*[[Chinese Nationalist Air Force]]
;{{COL}}
*[[Colombian Air Force]]
*[[SCADTA]]([[Avianca]])
;{{flag|Independent State of Croatia}}
*''[[Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia|Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske]]''
;{{CZS}}
*[[Czechoslovak Air Force]]
;{{FIN}}
*[[Finnish Air Force]]
*[[Finnish Border Guard]]
;{{flag|Germany|Nazi}}
*''[[Luftwaffe]]''
;{{NOR}}
*[[Royal Norwegian Air Force]]
;{{PNG}}
;{{POR}}
*Portuguese Army Aviation (''Aeronáutica Militar'') operated W 34L aircraft.
*''[[Portuguese Naval Aviation|Forças Aéreas da Armada]]'' operated K 43W aircraft.
;{{ROU}}
*[[Royal Romanian Air Force]] operated 10 W 34 hi aircraft.<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated History of Romanian Aeronautics|author=Dan Antoniu|date=2014|page=230|isbn=978-973-0-17209-6}}</ref>
;{{flag|Slovakia|1939}}
*[[Slovak Air Force (1939–1945)]]
;{{flagicon|Spain|1938}} [[Spanish State]]
*[[Spanish Air Force]]
;{{SWE}}
*[[Swedish Air Force]]
;{{flag|South Africa|1928}}
*[[South African Airways]] operated 2 aircraft.
*[[South African Air Force]]
;{{VEN}}
*[[Venezuelan Air Force]]

==Accidents and incidents==
* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1934|05|03|df=y}}| event=a [[Syndicato Condor]] Junkers W-34, registration PP-CAR, crashed on landing at [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil. Two crew members died. The plane was repaired and later suffered a second accident in 1944.}}<ref name="Pereira 1987 131">{{cite book | first=Aldo | last=Pereira | title=Breve história da aviação comercial brasileira | place=Rio de Janeiro | publisher=Europa Empresa Gráfica e Editora | language=pt | year=1987 | page=131}}</ref>
* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1942|02|24|df=y}}| event=a Syndicato Condor Junkers W-34, registration P-BAOA/PP-CAO, crashed while attempting an emergency landing at Riachão, [[Maranhão]]. Two crew members died.}}<ref name="Pereira 1987 131"/>
* {{Timeline-event |date={{Start date|1944|04|16|df=y}}| event=PP-CAR, the same Junkers W-34 involved in the 1934 accident, this time operating for [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Cruzeiro do Sul]], crashed during an emergency landing at Rio de Janeiro [[Santos Dumont Airport]]. Two crew members died.}}<ref name="Pereira 1987 131"/>

==Specifications (W 34he landplane)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.3 – Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt,<ref name=Nowarra>{{cite book |last=Nowarra |first=Heinz J. |title=Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.3 – Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt |year=1993 |publisher=Bernard & Graefe Verlag |location=Koblenz |isbn=978-3-7637-5467-0 |language=de |pages=53, 262–263}}</ref> Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945,<ref name="Kay">{{cite book |last1=Kay |first1=Anthony L. |title=Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945 |date=2004 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books |location=London |isbn=0851779859 |pages=190–197 |edition=1st}}</ref> German aircraft of the Second World War,<ref name="Smith">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=J.R. |last2=Kay |first2=Anthony L. |title=German aircraft of the Second World War |date=1990 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0851778364 |edition=7th impression |pages=185–186}}</ref> German Combat Aircraft<ref name=WagNow>{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=Ray |last2=Nowarra |first2=Heinz J. |title=German Combat Aircraft |date=1971 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York }}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|capacity=6 passengers
|length m=10.27
|span m=18.48
|height m=3.53
|wing area sqm=44
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1700
|gross weight kg=3200
|max takeoff weight kg=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|477|L|USgal impgal}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[BMW 132A]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 hp=650
|eng1 note=(660 PS)

|prop blade number=2
|prop name=metal fixed-pitch propeller
|prop dia m=3.1
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=265
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=233
|cruise speed note=<br/>
*'''Landing speed:''' {{cvt|116|km/h|mph kn}}
|stall speed kmh=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|range km=900
|combat range km=
|ferry range km=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=6300
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=5.25
|time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 3 minute 12 seconds
|wing loading kg/m2=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|armament=
* 2 x {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} machine guns (dorsal) and 1 x {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} machine gun (ventral)
* 6 x {{cvt|50|kg}} bombs (300 Kg total)

|avionics=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last = Munson |first = Kenneth |title = German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour |location = Poole, Dorset, UK |publisher = Blandford Press |year = 1978 |isbn = 0-7137-0860-3}}

==Further reading==
* Andersson, Lennart. "Chinese 'Junks': Junkers Aircraft Exports to China 1925-1940". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp.&nbsp;2–7. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
*{{Cite book |last1=Cicalesi |first1=Juan Carlos |last2=Rivas |first2=Santiago |title=Junkers F13 / W34 / K43 / Ju52 |year=2009 |editor-first=Jorge Felix |editor-last=Núñez Padin |publisher=Fuerzas Aeronavales |series=Serie en Argentina |volume=3 |language=es |isbn=978-987-20557-7-6 |location=Bahía Blanca, Argentina |url=http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-junkers-f13-w34k43-y-ju-52-serie-en-argentina-no3 |access-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015924/http://www.fuerzasaeronavales.com/?product=libro-junkers-f13-w34k43-y-ju-52-serie-en-argentina-no3 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last = Sinnhuber |first = Karl |title = Salzburg To Stalingrad |location =  UK |publisher = Milton Keynes |year = 2012 |isbn = 978-1-471-70222-8}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Junkers W 34}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105448/http://www.brushfirewars.org/aircraft/junkers_w34_bolivian/junkers_k43_bolivian.htm History of Bolivian Junkers K.43's use during fighting over the Gran Chaco area.]
* [http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/LRG/juw34.html Warbirds Resource Group-Luftwaffe Resource Center – Junkers Ju W34]
* [http://www.hugojunkers.bplaced.net/junkers-w33-w34.html The Hugo Junkers Homepage by Horst Zoeller - Junkers W33/W34]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vuQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&pg=PA626 "Flyers Of The Sea", October 1931, Popular Mechanics]

{{Junkers aircraft}}
{{RLM aircraft designations}}
{{Swedish military aircraft designations}}
{{ADF aircraft designations}}
{{Czech transport aircraft}}
{{Spanish liaison aircraft}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1920s German military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:Junkers aircraft|W34]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1926]]
[[Category:Junkers W33]]